JP2010184972A - Fuel gas purification apparatus, power generation system and fuel synthesis system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel gas purification apparatus that can purify a fuel gas originating from a biomass into high-purity one and to provide a power generation system and a fuel synthesis system comprising the fuel gas purification system. <P>SOLUTION: The fuel gas purification apparatus is provided with a gas purification container 11 for introducing thereinto a pyrolyzed gas generated by pyrolysis of a biomass, a porous body 12 disposed in the gas purification container 11 so that the pyrolyzed gas passes therethrough, a carbonate salt-supplying means 13 for supplying a melted carbonate salt 17 to the porous body 12 to make the porous body 12 hold the melted carbonate salt 17, where the gas purification container 11 is constituted so that it discharges to the outside a fuel gas obtained by purification of the pyrolyzed gas passing through the porous body 12 by a reaction with the melted carbonate salt 17. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel gas purification device, a power generation system, and a fuel synthesis system, and in particular, uses a fuel gas obtained by removing, purifying, and purifying unburned components, ash, impurities, etc. contained in a combustible gas. It is useful to apply to cases.

  In recent years, the use of biomass as energy has attracted attention. As a method of using the energy of biomass, a method of directly burning biomass to obtain heat / electric energy, a method of obtaining fuel gas by thermal decomposition, or the like is known.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation system including a fuel gas purification device that purifies fuel gas from biomass according to the related art.

  As shown in the figure, the carbonizer 1 heats the supplied biomass to generate pyrolysis gas and carbide as an example of combustible gas, and supplies them into the furnace 2. The furnace 2 is composed of a lower gasification / combustion section and an upper gas reforming section. In the lower gasification / combustion section, the carbide supplied from the carbonizer 1 is partially burned by separately supplied air or oxygen, and a high-temperature gas is generated. The high-temperature gas is sent to the upper gas reforming section. Led. In the upper gas reforming section, the pyrolysis gas supplied from the carbonizer 1 is reformed in a high-temperature field using a high-temperature gas to produce a crude gas containing ash and impurities. The crude gas is desulfurized and dedusted by the fuel gas purification device 10 to purify the fuel gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

  The fuel gas produced in this way is supplied to a power generation means 20 composed of, for example, a gas turbine or a fuel cell, and the power generation means 20 generates power using this fuel gas. In addition, the fuel gas is used as a raw material for the synthetic liquid fuel. The waste heat generated by the power generation means 20 is sent to the carbonizer 1 and used as a heat source for heating the biomass.

  In addition, the following patent document 1 exists as a publication disclosing the same kind of technique as the above prior art.

  Here, the conventional fuel gas refining apparatus 10 includes a dedusting device, a COS conversion device, a desulfurization device, a gas cooling device, a gas cleaning device, and the like in order to remove ash, tar, and impurities in the crude gas. Yes. For this reason, the equipment configuration for performing gas purification is complicated, it is difficult to improve the operability of the equipment, and the cost is high.

  Moreover, since air and nitrogen are supplied to the furnace 2 from the outside in order to burn carbide in the gasification / combustion part of the furnace 2, the fuel gas (crude gas) is diluted with these air and nitrogen, The calorie per unit volume of fuel gas will fall.

  Such a problem exists not only in the pyrolysis gas derived from biomass but also in the case of removing impurities and the like from the combustible gas.

JP 2006-2042 A

  In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel gas purification device capable of purifying a combustible gas with high purity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a power generation system having a fuel gas purification device capable of purifying combustible gas with high purity, and a fuel synthesis system.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention includes a gas purification container into which a combustible gas is introduced, and a porous body provided in the gas purification container so that the combustible gas flows. And a carbonate supply means for supplying carbonate to the porous body and holding the carbonate in the porous body, and the gas purification vessel is configured such that the flammable gas flowing through the porous body contains the molten carbonate. The fuel gas purification apparatus is configured to discharge the fuel gas purified by the reaction with the salt to the outside.

  In the first aspect, the porous body has a large surface area because it has a large number of pores, and molten carbonate is held in these pores. Thereby, it is possible to make more molten carbonate contact with the pyrolysis gas which distribute | circulates a porous body. For this reason, pyrolysis gas can be made to react with more molten carbonate, and an impurity can fully be removed from pyrolysis gas.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the fuel gas purification apparatus described in the first aspect, the gas purification container is provided with a mist trap for removing a low melting point molten salt contained in the fuel gas. The fuel gas purifier is characterized by the above.

  In the second aspect, the molten gas having a low melting point is removed from the fuel gas, and a fuel gas purified to a high purity can be obtained.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the fuel gas purification apparatus described in the first or second aspect, the combustible gas is introduced into the molten carbonate stored in the gas purification container. The fuel gas purification apparatus is characterized in that it is configured as follows.

  In the third aspect, prior to reacting the pyrolysis gas with the molten carbonate in the porous body, the molten carbonate stored in the gas purification vessel reacts with the pyrolysis gas to remove impurities. Thereby, impurities are more reliably removed from the pyrolysis gas, and a pyrolysis gas purified to a high purity is obtained.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the fuel gas purification apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the combustible gas is a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing biomass. A furnace for burning carbide generated during pyrolysis of the biomass is provided, and the molten carbonate stored in the gas purification vessel is melted by the heat of the carbide burned in the furnace. It is in the gas purification device.

  In the fourth aspect, the carbonate held in the porous body in the gas purification vessel is maintained in a molten state by the heat of the furnace, but the heat of the carbide burned in the furnace can be effectively used as the heat source.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fuel gas purification apparatus according to the fourth aspect, wherein the gas purification container is disposed in the furnace.

  In the fifth aspect, since the gas purification vessel is disposed in the furnace, the thermal energy of the carbide burned in the furnace is most efficiently given to the gas purification vessel. In addition, since the gas purification container is disposed in the furnace, it is not necessary to provide gas purification equipment outside the furnace, so that the entire space can be saved.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the fuel gas purification apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, and power generation means for generating electric power using the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification apparatus. The power generation system is characterized by

  In the sixth aspect, power can be generated using the fuel gas purified by the fuel gas purification device.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the power generation system according to the sixth aspect, the power generation means includes a high-temperature fuel cell including a fuel electrode to which fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device is sent. The power generation system is characterized by

  In the seventh aspect, fuel gas can be supplied to a molten carbonate fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell that requires a high operating temperature.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the power generation system according to the sixth aspect, the power generation means includes a gas engine that is operated by the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device, and power generation that is activated by the operation of the gas engine. A power generation system comprising a machine.

  In the eighth aspect, power can be generated using a gas engine.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the power generation system according to the sixth aspect, the power generation means includes a turbine combustor that combusts the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device, and a combustion gas from the turbine combustor. And a gas turbine that drives the generator by obtaining power by expansion of the power generation system.

  In the ninth aspect, power can be generated using a gas turbine.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention includes a fuel gas purification device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, a liquid fuel synthesis device that synthesizes liquid fuel from the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device, A fuel synthesizing system comprising water supply means for supplying water into the carbonizer or the gas refining vessel so as to adjust a moisture ratio of fuel gas supplied to the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus. It is in.

  In the tenth aspect, the ratio of the fuel gas carbon monoxide to hydrogen can be adjusted to a ratio suitable for the liquid fuel to be synthesized by adjusting the water supply means. Thereby, a desired liquid fuel can be manufactured.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fuel gas refiner | purifier which can refine | purify combustible gas with high purity is provided. Furthermore, a power generation system having the fuel gas purification device and a fuel synthesis system are provided.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation system including a fuel gas purification device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel gas purification device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of a fuel synthesis system provided with the fuel gas refiner | purifier which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a schematic block diagram of a power generation system provided with the fuel gas refiner | purifier which refine | purifies fuel gas from the biomass which concerns on a prior art.

<Embodiment 1>
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described. The description of the present embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention is not limited to the following description.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a power generation system including a fuel gas purification device according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, a power generation system according to Embodiment 1 includes a carbonizer 1 that pyrolyzes biomass, a furnace 2 that burns carbides, and a fuel gas purification device 10 that purifies pyrolysis gas that is an example of combustible gas. And an introduction pipe 5 for introducing pyrolysis gas from the carbonizer 1 into the fuel gas purification apparatus 10, a carbide introduction pipe 7 for introducing carbide from the carbonizer 1 into the furnace 2, and fuel purified by the fuel gas purification apparatus 10. A fuel gas supply pipe 6 that supplies gas to the power generation means 20 and a power generation means 20 that generates power using the fuel gas as fuel are provided.

  The carbonizer 1 is supplied with woody biomass, waste biomass such as municipal waste, and mixed biomass thereof. The carbonizer 1 steams and burns biomass and pyrolyzes it to generate pyrolysis gas and carbide. Pyrolysis gas is composed of volatile components in biomass, and is mainly composed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water, hydrocarbons, tar, and the like. On the other hand, the carbide is a so-called char such as carbon or charcoal.

  The furnace 2 has a hollow inside and is composed of a lower gasification / combustion part 2a and an upper container arrangement part 2b. In the gasification / combustion unit 2a, the carbide supplied from the carbonizer 1 through the carbide introduction pipe 7 is burned by air or oxygen separately introduced into the gasification / combustion unit 2a, thereby generating high-temperature gas. The hot gas is guided to the upper container arrangement portion 2b. Note that ash having a relatively low melting point in the burned carbide is discharged as molten slag from the bottom of the furnace 2.

  A gas purification container 11 constituting the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 is disposed in the container arrangement portion 2 b of the furnace 2. The fuel gas purification apparatus 10 purifies pyrolysis gas into fuel gas. That is, the gas purification vessel 11 is supplied with the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonizer 1 through the introduction pipe 5, purifies the pyrolysis gas into fuel gas, and supplies the fuel gas to the power generation means 20 outside the furnace 2. Supply.

  The power generation means 20 is composed of, for example, a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) provided with a fuel electrode to which fuel gas from the fuel gas supply pipe 6 is sent. MCFC is generally one that is highly efficient and can use carbon monoxide as a fuel among fuel cells.

  The power generation means 20 is not particularly limited as long as it generates power using the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply pipe 6. For example, the power generation means 20 may be composed of a gas engine that is operated by fuel gas from the fuel gas supply pipe 6 and a generator that is activated by the operation of the gas engine. In addition, the power generation means 20 includes a turbine combustor that combusts the fuel gas from the fuel gas supply pipe 6, and a gas turbine that drives the generator by obtaining power by expansion of the combustion gas from the turbine combustor. It may be comprised from these.

  The power generation means 20 and the carbonizer 1 are configured such that waste heat generated in the power generation means 20 becomes a heat source for the carbonizer 1 that heats biomass via a heat exchanger (not shown) or the like. ing. Thereby, the energy efficiency of the whole power generation system can be improved. Further, the furnace 2 and the carbonizer 1 are configured such that the waste heat generated in the furnace 2 becomes a heat source for the carbonizer 1 that heats the biomass via a heat exchanger (not shown) or the like. . Thereby, the energy efficiency of the whole power generation system can be further improved.

  Here, the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the fuel gas purification apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in the figure, a fuel gas purification apparatus 10 includes a gas purification container 11, a porous body 12 disposed inside the gas purification container 11, and carbonate supply means 13 for supplying carbonate to the porous body 12. It has.

  The gas purification container 11 is provided with a porous body 12 so that a pyrolysis gas flows in the center thereof. More specifically, the introduction pipe 5 is disposed below the gas purification container 11, that is, below the porous body 12. Fuel gas is disposed above the gas purification container 11, that is, above the porous body 12. A supply pipe 6 is provided. In the gas purification container 11 having such a configuration, the pyrolysis gas introduced into the lower part thereof flows through the porous body 12 and is purified, and then is discharged to the outside through the fuel gas supply pipe 6. ing. In the present embodiment, the gas purification vessel 11 stores the molten carbonate 4 therein, and the pyrolysis gas is introduced into the molten carbonate 4, so that the pyrolysis gas is After the molten carbonate 4 is circulated, the porous body 12 is circulated.

  Further, the gas purification vessel 11 is provided with a carbonate supply means 13 for supplying the molten carbonate 17 to the porous body 12. Specifically, the carbonate supply means 13 includes a carbonate container 14 that stores the carbonate in a molten state, a pump 15 that pumps the molten carbonate (molten carbonate 17) to the gas purification container 11, The nozzle 16 is configured to spray the molten carbonate 17 onto the porous body 12. The molten carbonate 17 sprayed from the nozzle 16 is held by the porous body 12.

  In the present embodiment, the carbonate supply means 13 supplies the molten carbonate to the porous body 12, but solid carbonate may be supplied to the porous body 12.

  The porous body 12 has a large number of pores, and the pores serve as a flow path for pyrolysis gas. The molten carbonate 17 from the carbonate supply means 13 is held on the surface of this flow path. As a material of the porous body 12, a metal, ceramics such as a metal oxide, carbon, or the like can be used.

  When the pyrolysis gas flows through the porous body 12 holding such molten carbonate 17, the pyrolysis gas reacts with the molten carbonate 17 and is refined into fuel gas as will be described in detail below.

Typical impurity elements in the pyrolysis gas include sulfur (S) content, halogen (F, Cl) content, and nitrogen (N). From these elements, in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere, hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S), representative impurity gases such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and ammonia (NH ₃ ) are generated.

The mechanism for removing the impurities using the molten carbonate 17 (here, alkali metal carbonate, M ₂ CO ₃ , M = Li, Na, K) will be described below.

H ₂ S produced in a reducing atmosphere is taken into molten carbonate 17 as S ²⁻ , and HCl and HF are taken into molten carbonate 17 as Cl ⁻ and F ⁻ as alkali metal sulfide (M ₂ S). The chlorine content is captured as alkali metal chloride (MCl) and the fluorine content is captured as alkali metal fluoride (MF). As a result, the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonizer 1 is purified by the molten carbonate 17 in the porous body 12, and becomes a fuel gas mainly composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

As the molten carbonate 17 of the present invention, various alkali metal carbonates such as lithium carbonate (Li ₂ CO ₃ ), sodium carbonate (Na ₂ CO ₃ ), and potassium carbonate (K ₂ CO ₃ ) are used singly or in combination. Things can be used. In addition to the alkali metal carbonates, carbonates such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and cerium (Ce) can be used as the molten carbonate. .

  The molten carbonate 17 may contain a catalyst. A chemical reaction between the pyrolysis gas and the molten carbonate 17 is promoted by the catalyst, and the pyrolysis gas can be purified more quickly. As this catalyst, a metal, an alloy, a metal oxide, or nickel ceramics can be used. Examples of metals include nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti), cobalt (Co), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg) , Ruthenium (Ru), palladium (Pd), and zinc (Zn). An alloy consists of two or more of these metals, and a metal oxide is a composite oxide in which these metals are oxidized or two or more of these metals are oxidized. The catalyst is preferably contained in the molten carbonate 17 as a powder.

  As described above, in the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 according to the present invention, the porous body 12 has a large surface area because it has many pores, and the molten carbonate 17 is held in these pores. Has been. Thereby, more molten carbonate 17 can be brought into contact with the pyrolysis gas flowing through the porous body 12. For this reason, the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 can react the pyrolysis gas with more molten carbonate 17 and can sufficiently remove impurities from the pyrolysis gas.

  Further, if the reaction between the pyrolysis gas and the molten carbonate 17 continues, the porous body 12 accumulates sulfur alkali metal and the like, and the molten carbonate 17 decreases. However, in the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 of the present invention, the carbonate supply means 13 is provided, so that the state in which the carbonate is held in the porous body 12 can be maintained. The cracked gas can be continuously purified to fuel gas.

  Further, the gas purification vessel 11 contains carbonate 4 therein. As described above, since the gas purification vessel 11 is disposed inside the furnace 2 (see FIG. 1), the carbonate 4 is heated and melted by the heat of the high-temperature gas. Hereinafter, the molten carbonate 4 is referred to as molten carbonate 4.

  An introduction pipe 5 is disposed below the gas purification vessel 11, and the pyrolysis gas from the carbonizer 1 is introduced into the molten carbonate 4. Thus, the pyrolysis gas sent through the introduction pipe 5 flows through the molten carbonate 4 in the gas purification vessel 11. At this time, impurities from the pyrolysis gas are removed by reaction with the molten carbonate 4. This reaction is the same as the reaction between the molten carbonate 17 and the pyrolysis gas as described above.

  Thus, prior to reacting the pyrolysis gas with the molten carbonate 17 in the porous body 12, the pyrolysis gas is reacted with the molten carbonate 4 stored in the gas purification vessel 11 and the pyrolysis gas. Impurities are more reliably removed from the gas, and a high-purity pyrolysis gas is obtained.

  The unburned matter and ash content 40 contained in the pyrolysis gas introduced from the carbonizer 1 can be collected in the gas purification vessel 11 because the molten carbonate 4 is liquid. Furthermore, tar contained in the pyrolysis gas also reacts with the molten carbonate 4 and is decomposed. The tar, ash, and the like are discharged to the outside through a discharge pipe 18 provided at the lower part of the gas purification container 11.

  The gas purification vessel 11 is provided with a mist trap 19. The mist trap 19 is disposed between the porous body 12 and the fuel gas supply pipe 6 and captures a low melting point molten salt contained in the purified fuel gas through the porous body 12. Examples of such a molten salt include sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride. The molten salt is removed from the fuel gas by the mist trap 19, and a fuel gas purified to a higher purity is obtained.

  Although not particularly illustrated, the fuel gas purification device 10 may be provided with sodium hydroxide supply means (hydroxide supply means) for supplying sodium hydroxide (hydroxide) to the molten carbonate 4. When sodium hydroxide is supplied to the molten carbonate 4, the carbon dioxide in the molten carbonate 4 reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium carbonate (carbonate).

  Incidentally, if the reaction between the molten carbonate 4 and the pyrolysis gas is continued without supplying sodium hydroxide, sulfur alkali metal or the like is accumulated in the gas purification vessel 11 and the molten carbonate 4 is reduced. It is necessary to replace the molten carbonate 4 in the container 11 as appropriate. For example, it is necessary to discharge the molten carbonate 4 and sulfur alkali metal in the gas purification container 11 to the outside through the discharge pipe 18 and supply new carbonate to the gas purification container 11. However, in the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 of the present invention, the carbonate is supplied to the gas purification vessel 11 while the fuel gas is purified by the molten carbonate 4 by appropriately supplying sodium hydroxide to the molten carbonate 4. The same effect can be obtained. Furthermore, since carbon dioxide contained in the molten carbonate 4 or the fuel gas (pyrolysis gas) is absorbed by sodium hydroxide and becomes sodium carbonate, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted can be reduced.

  Further, when the molten carbonate 4 in the gas purification vessel 11 is replaced, it is not limited to the case where the carbonate is supplied indirectly by supplying hydroxide to the molten carbonate 4 as described above. May be supplied into the gas purification vessel 11 to form the molten carbonate 4. The carbonate referred to here may contain water or baking soda.

  The hydroxide supply means is not limited to one supplying sodium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, or cerium hydroxide is used. It may be supplied. In short, the hydroxide supply means is configured to supply a hydroxide capable of reacting with carbon dioxide in the molten carbonate 4 to form a carbonate to the molten carbonate 4 in the gas purification vessel 11. That's fine.

  In the power generation system including the fuel gas purification device 10 having the above-described configuration, pyrolysis gas and carbide are generated from biomass by the carbonizer 1, and the carbide melts the carbonate in the fuel gas purification device 10, or The molten carbonates 4 and 17 are burned to maintain a molten state. On the other hand, the pyrolysis gas is freed of impurities by the molten carbonate 4 and purified by the molten carbonate 17 of the porous body 12 to become a fuel gas. The power generation means 20 uses this highly purified fuel gas. It can generate electricity.

  In this way, the pyrolysis gas is purified by the molten carbonate 17 held in the porous body 12 and the molten carbonate 4 stored in the gas purification vessel 11, so that the pyrolysis gas is melted more. It can be made to react with the carbonate 17, and impurities can be sufficiently removed from the pyrolysis gas to purify the high purity fuel gas.

  In addition, since the pyrolysis gas is purified in the gas purification vessel 11 disposed in the furnace 2, there is no need to provide an apparatus for purifying the fuel gas outside the furnace 2. Thereby, space saving of a power generation system can be achieved. In addition, since an apparatus having a complicated configuration as in the conventional gas purification apparatus is not required, the operability of the facility can be improved, and furthermore, the cost associated with the power generation system is reduced by the necessity of such an apparatus. it can.

  In the present embodiment, the gas purification container 11 is disposed in the furnace 2, but it is not necessarily disposed in the furnace 2. For example, the gas purification container 11 is disposed entirely or partially outside the furnace 2, and the thermal energy of carbides burned in the furnace 2 is disposed outside the furnace 2 via a heat exchanger or the like. 11 may be supplied. Even in this case, high-calorie fuel gas is refined and electric power can be generated using this fuel gas.

  Further, since the pyrolysis gas is refined into fuel gas inside the gas purification vessel 11 separated from the space inside the furnace 2, the fuel gas is not diluted with air or nitrogen used for the combustion of carbides. Absent. Further, as described above, impurities are removed from the fuel gas. From these things, the fuel gas whose calorie per unit volume is higher than before can be supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 6. Thus, since the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 of the present invention purifies high-calorie fuel gas, in particular, a high-temperature fuel cell such as a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) or a solid oxide fuel cell ( It is useful when applied to a power generation system using SOFC) as a power generation means.

<Embodiment 2>
In the first embodiment, the power generation system configured to supply the fuel gas produced by the fuel gas purification apparatus 10 to the power generation means 20 has been described. However, in this embodiment, the fuel synthesis for synthesizing the liquid fuel using the fuel gas as a raw material. The system will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel synthesis system including a fuel gas purification device according to the second embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same thing as Embodiment 1, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that a liquid fuel synthesizing device 30 that synthesizes liquid fuel using the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 6 as a raw material, and a moisture supply means that supplies moisture to the carbonizer 1 31.

  The liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus 30 is an apparatus that synthesizes a hydrocarbon liquid fuel such as methanol, dimethyl ether, gasoline, kerosene, and light oil from fuel gas. This liquid fuel is generally known to be obtained by synthesizing a gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide at a temperature and pressure suitable for the reaction in the presence of a catalyst.

  The moisture supply means 31 is configured to supply moisture into the carbonizer 1. By adjusting the amount of moisture supplied into the carbonizer 1, the moisture ratio of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 6 to the liquid fuel synthesizing device 30 can be adjusted. Thus, the fuel gas manufactured by the fuel synthesizing system according to the present embodiment has a desired ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen constituting the fuel gas.

  Which type of liquid fuel to synthesize is determined by the ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen as raw materials. Therefore, when synthesizing a specific liquid fuel, the water supply means 31 may be adjusted so that the ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen in the fuel gas is a ratio suitable for the liquid fuel. As described above, the fuel synthesizing system according to the present embodiment has the flexibility to produce a desired type of liquid fuel.

  The moisture supply means 31 is not limited to the case of supplying moisture into the carbonizer 1, and may be, for example, in the gas purification container 11, or may supply moisture to the introduction pipe 5 or the fuel gas supply pipe 6. Also good. In short, the water supply means 31 may be configured to add water to the fuel gas (pyrolysis gas) before the fuel gas is supplied to the liquid fuel synthesizing device 30.

  Further, the furnace 2 and the carbonizer 1 are configured such that the waste heat generated in the furnace 2 becomes a heat source for the carbonizer 1 that heats the biomass via a heat exchanger (not shown) or the like. . This further improves the energy efficiency of the entire fuel synthesis system.

<Other embodiments>
In the first and second embodiments, the biomass-derived pyrolysis gas is the target of gas purification. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be widely applied to all flammable gases including combustible components. Examples of such combustible gases include coal gasification gas generated by gasification of coal in a gas furnace, digestion gas generated by decomposition of sludge by microorganisms, boil-off gas generated by vaporization of LNG and LPG, petroleum Off-gas etc. which are refined and are by-produced.

  It can be used effectively in the industrial field in which equipment that generates electricity by burning a combustible gas such as biomass or equipment that is used as a raw material for liquid fuel is used, manufactured, and sold.

1, 1A Carbonizer 2 Furnace 2a Gasification / combustion section 2b Container placement section 4 Molten carbonate (carbonate)
5 Introduction pipe 6 Fuel gas supply pipe 7 Carbide introduction pipe 10 Fuel gas purification device 11 Gas purification container 12 Porous body 13 Carbonate supply means 14 Carbonate container 15 Pump 16 Nozzle 17 Molten carbonate 18 Discharge pipe 19 Mist trap 20 Power generation Means 30 Liquid fuel synthesizer 31 Moisture supply means 40 Ash

Claims (10)

A gas purification container into which a flammable gas is introduced;
A porous body provided in the gas purification container so that the combustible gas flows;
Carbonate supply means for supplying carbonate to the porous body and holding the carbonate in the porous body,
The gas purification container is configured to discharge a fuel gas, which is a combustible gas flowing through the porous body and purified by a reaction with the molten carbonate, to the outside. Gas purification device. The fuel gas purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
The fuel gas purification apparatus, wherein the gas purification vessel is provided with a mist trap for removing a low melting point molten salt contained in the fuel gas. In the fuel gas purification device according to claim 1 or 2,
The gas purification container is configured so that the combustible gas is introduced into a molten carbonate stored therein. In the fuel gas purification apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-3,
The combustible gas is a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing biomass,
Comprising a furnace for burning carbide generated during pyrolysis of the biomass;
The gas refining apparatus, wherein the molten carbonate stored in the gas refining vessel is melted by heat of the carbide burned in the furnace. In the fuel gas purification apparatus according to claim 4,
The fuel gas purification apparatus, wherein the gas purification vessel is disposed in the furnace. A fuel gas purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A power generation system comprising: power generation means for generating power using fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device. The power generation system according to claim 6,
The power generation system includes a high-temperature fuel cell including a fuel electrode to which fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device is sent. The power generation system according to claim 6,
The power generation system includes a gas engine that is operated by fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device, and a generator that is activated by the operation of the gas engine. The power generation system according to claim 6,
The power generation means includes a turbine combustor that combusts the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device, and a gas turbine that drives the generator by obtaining power by expansion of the combustion gas from the turbine combustor. Power generation system characterized by A fuel gas purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A liquid fuel synthesizing device for synthesizing liquid fuel from the fuel gas from the fuel gas purification device;
A fuel synthesizing system comprising water supply means for supplying water into the carbonizer or the gas refining vessel so as to adjust a moisture ratio of fuel gas supplied to the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus. .

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