JP2009523192A - アルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜を使用したバイオディーゼルの製造方法 - Google Patents
アルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜を使用したバイオディーゼルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009523192A JP2009523192A JP2008550449A JP2008550449A JP2009523192A JP 2009523192 A JP2009523192 A JP 2009523192A JP 2008550449 A JP2008550449 A JP 2008550449A JP 2008550449 A JP2008550449 A JP 2008550449A JP 2009523192 A JP2009523192 A JP 2009523192A
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- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- alkali
- biodiesel
- catholyte
- anolyte
- Prior art date
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 88
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
- C25B3/20—Processes
- C25B3/25—Reduction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/447—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/481—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing silicon, e.g. zircon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
同様に、陽極液室および陰極液室からの溶液の除去は、連続的であっても断続的であってもよい。
Claims (29)
- (a)電気化学的活性な第1のアノードを有する第1陽極液室と電気化学的活性な第1のカソードを有する第1陰極液室と、アルカリイオンを選択的に移送できるように構成され、上記第1陽極液室と第1陰極液室とを分離するように構成された第1のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜とから成る第1の電解セルを提供する工程と;(b)第1の陽極液室に水酸化アルカリ溶液を供給する工程と;(c)第1の陰極液室にアルコールとトリグリセリドとを供給する工程と;(d)i)第1の陽極液室中の水酸化物アニオンを酸化して酸素ガス及び水を形成し、ii)第1の陽極液室から第1の陰極液室にアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜を介してアルカリイオンを透過させ、iii)第1の陰極液室内でアルカリイオンの存在下でアルコールを還元してアルカリアルコキシドと水素ガスを形成し、(iv)アルカリアルコキシドとトリグリセリドとを反応させてバイオディーゼル及びC3H5(OM)3(ただしMはアルカリ金属)を形成することによって、第1の電解質セルに電流を負荷する工程と;(e)電気化学的活性な第2のアノードを有する第2陽極液室と電気化学的活性な第2のカソードを有する第2陰極液室と、アルカリイオンを選択的に移送できるように構成され、上記第2陽極液室と第2陰極液室とを分離するように構成された第2のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜とから成る第2の電解セルを提供する工程と;(f)バイオディーゼルとC3H5(OM)3の混合物を第1の陰極液室から取出し、第2の陽極液室に供給する工程と;(g)第2の陽極液室に水素ガスを供給する工程と;(h)第2の陰極液室に水を供給する工程と;(i)i)第2の陽極液室内で水素ガスを酸化して水素イオンを形成し、それによりC3H5OH(OM)3+3H+→C3H5(OH)3+3M+の反応を生じさせ、ii)第2の陽極液室から第2の陰極液室にアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜を介してアルカリイオン(M+)を透過させ、iii)第2の陰極液室内でアルカリイオンの存在下で、M++H2O+e−→MOH+1/2H2の式に従って水を分解することによって、第2の電解質セルに電流を負荷する工程と;(j)第2の陽極液室からバイオディーゼル及びグリセリン(C3H5(OH)3)を回収する工程とから成るバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 更に、グリセリンとバイオディーゼルとを分離する工程を有する請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 上記アルコールは1つより多い水酸基を有してもよい直鎖でC1〜C6の低級アルコールである請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 上記アルコールがメタノールから成る請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- アルコールが、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ヘキサノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコール及びプロピレングリコールから選択される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- トリグリセリドが植物油から成る請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- トリグリセリドが動物性脂肪から成る請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第1の陰極液室で発生する水素ガスが第2の陽極液室に供給される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第2の陰極液室で発生する水素ガスが第2の陽極液室に供給される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第2の陽極液室が、水素ガスの酸化により水素イオンを形成するのを容易にする触媒を有する請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第2の陰極液室で発生する水酸化アルカリは除去されて第1の陽極液室に供給される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第1の陽極液室で発生する水は除去されて第2の陰極液室に供給される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- トリグリセリドが一般式[C3H5O3][OCR]3、ただしRはC14〜C24の炭化水素基で示される請求項1に記載のバイオディーゼルの製造方法。
- 第1の電解質セルと第2の電解質セルとから成るバイオディーゼル製造装置であって、第1の電解質セルは、(1)水性水酸化アルカリ源を有し、水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素ガスと水にする電気化学的活性な第1のアノードを有する第1の陽極液室と、(2)電気化学的活性な第1のカソードを有し、アルコール源とトリグリセリド源とを有し、アルカリイオンの存在下でアルコールを還元してアルカリメトキシドと水素ガスを発生し、アルカリアルコキシドとトリグリセリドを反応させてバイオディーゼルとC3H5(OH)3(ただし、Mはアルカリ金属)を形成する第1の陰極液室であって、アルカリイオン(M+)を第1の陰極液室に選択的に透過するように設計された第1のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜で分離された第1の陰極液室とから成り、第2の電解質セルは、(1)水素ガス源とグリセリンC3H5(OH)3とを有し、水素ガスを酸化して水素イオンを形成し、C3H5(OM)3+3H+→C3H5(OH)3+3M+の反応を容易にする電気化学的に活性な第2のアノードを有する陽極液室と、(2)水源を有しアルカリイオンの存在下で水を分解して水酸化アルカリと水素ガスを形成する電気化学的に活性な第2のカソードを有する第2の陰極液室であって、アルカリイオン(M+)を第2の陰極液室に選択的に透過するように設計された第2のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜で分離された第2の陰極液室と、(3)バイオディーゼルとから成り、C3H5(OH)3の一部を第1の陰極液室から第2の陽極液室に移送するための通路と、(4)バイオディーゼルとグリセリン(C3H5(OH)3)とを第2の陽極液室から除去するための通路とから成ることを特徴とするバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 更に、グリセリンとバイオディーゼルとを分離するための沈殿槽を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 上記アルコールは1つより多い水酸基を有してもよい直鎖でC1〜C6の低級アルコールである請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 上記アルコールがメタノールから成る請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- アルコールが、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ヘキサノール、ブタノール、エチレングリコール及びプロピレングリコールから選択される請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- トリグリセリドが植物油から成る請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- トリグリセリドが動物性脂肪から成る請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 更に、第1の陰極液室で生成した水素ガスを第2の陽極液室に輸送するための流路を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 更に、第2の陰極液室で生成した水素ガスを第2の陽極液室に輸送するための流路を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 第2の陽極液室が、水素ガスの酸化により水素イオンを形成するのを容易にする触媒を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 更に、第2の陽極液室で生成した水酸化アルカリを第1の陽極液室に輸送するための流路を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 更に、第1の陽極液室で生成した水を第2の陰極液室に輸送するための流路を有する請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- トリグリセリドが一般式[C3H5O3][OCR]3、ただしRはC14〜C24の炭化水素基で示される請求項14に記載のバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- 第1の電解質セルと第2の電解質セルとから成るバイオディーゼル製造装置であって、第1の電解質セルは、(1)水性水酸化アルカリ源を有し、水酸化物イオンを酸化して酸素ガスと水にする電気化学的活性な第1のアノードを有する第1の陽極液室と、(2)電気化学的活性な第1のカソードを有し、メタノール源とトリグリセリド源とを有し、アルカリイオンの存在下でメタノールを還元してアルカリメトキシドと水素ガスを発生し、アルカリアルコキシドとトリグリセリドを反応させてバイオディーゼルとC3H5(OH)3(ただし、Mはアルカリ金属)を形成する第1の陰極液室であって、アルカリイオン(M+)を第1の陰極液室に選択的に透過するように設計された第1のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜で分離された第1の陰極液室とから成り、トリグリセリドが植物油であり、第2の電解質セルは、(1)水素ガス源とグリセリンC3H5(OH)3とを有し、水素ガスを酸化して水素イオンを形成し、C3H5(OM)3+3H+→C3H5(OH)3+3M+の反応を容易にする電気化学的に活性な第2のアノードと水素ガスの酸化により水素イオンを形成するのを容易にする触媒を有する陽極液室と、(2)水源を有しアルカリイオンの存在下で水を分解して水酸化アルカリと水素ガスを形成する電気化学的に活性な第2のカソードを有する第2の陰極液室であって、アルカリイオン(M+)を第2の陰極液室に選択的に透過するように設計された第2のアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜で分離された第2の陰極液室と、(3)バイオディーゼルとから成り、C3H5(OH)3の一部を第1の陰極液室から第2の陽極液室に移送するための通路と、(4)バイオディーゼルとグリセリン(C3H5(OH)3)とを第2の陽極液室から除去するための通路と、(5)グリセリンとバイオディーゼルとを分離するための沈殿槽と、(6)第1の陰極液室または第2の陰極液室で生成した水素ガスを第2の陽極液室に輸送するための流路と、(7)第2の陽極液室で生成した水酸化アルカリを第1の陽極液室に輸送するための流路と、(8)第1の陽極液室で生成した水を第2の陰極液室に輸送するための流路とから成ることを特徴とするバイオディーゼル製造装置。
- グリセリンのアルカリ塩をグリセリンに変換する方法であって、当該方法は、(a)アノードを有する陽極液室と、カソードを有する陰極液室と、陽極液室と陰極液室とを分離し、アルカリイオンを選択的に透過できるように設計されたアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜とから成る電解セルを得る工程と、(b)陽極液室にC3H5(OM)3を導入する工程と、(c)陽極液室に水素ガスを導入する工程と、(d)陰極液室に水を導入する工程と、(e)電解セルに電流を印荷する工程であって、当該電流印荷工程によって(i)陽極液室内の水素ガスを酸化して水素イオンを発生させることによりC3H5(OM)3+3H+→C3H5(OH)3+3M+の反応を容易に行い、(ii)発生したアルカリイオン(M+)を陽極液室から陰極液室にアルカリイオン伝導セラミックス膜を介して移送し、(iii)陰極液室内でアルカリイオンの存在下、M++H2O+e−→MOH+1/2H2の式に従って水を分解する電流印荷工程と、(f)陽極液室からグリセリン(C3H5(OH)3)を除去する工程とから成るグリセリンのアルカリ塩をグリセリンに変換する方法。
- アノードが水素ガスを水素イオンに酸化するのを容易にする触媒から成る請求項28に記載の方法。
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EP1976815A4 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
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