JP2009266718A - 負極および二次電池 - Google Patents
負極および二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2009266718A JP2009266718A JP2008116924A JP2008116924A JP2009266718A JP 2009266718 A JP2009266718 A JP 2009266718A JP 2008116924 A JP2008116924 A JP 2008116924A JP 2008116924 A JP2008116924 A JP 2008116924A JP 2009266718 A JP2009266718 A JP 2009266718A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- secondary battery
- material layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
【解決手段】正極21および負極22と共に電解液を備え、正極21と負極22との間に設けられたセパレータ23に電解液が含浸されている。負極22は、負極集電体22Aに設けられた負極活物質層22B上に突起22Cを有している。この突起22Cの先端は、セパレータ23に食い込んだような状態となっている。充放電を繰り返しても、負極集電体22Aの変形や負極活物質層22Bの剥離が抑制され、負極22において構造上の安定性が向上する。
【選択図】図8
Description
図7および図8は第1の二次電池の断面構成を表しており、図8では図7に示した巻回電極体20の一部を拡大して示している。ここで説明する二次電池は、例えば、負極22の容量がリチウムの吸蔵および放出に基づいて表されるリチウムイオン二次電池である。
図9は第2の二次電池の分解斜視構成を表しており、図10は図9に示した巻回電極体30のX−X線に沿った断面を拡大して示している。この二次電池は、例えば、上記した第1の二次電池と同様にリチウムイオン二次電池であり、主に、フィルム状の外装部材40の内部に、正極リード31および負極リード32が取り付けられた巻回電極体30が収納されたものである。この外装部材40を含む電池構造は、ラミネートフィルム型と呼ばれている。
以下の手順により、図9〜図11に示したラミネートフィルム型の二次電池を作製した。この際、負極34の容量がリチウムの吸蔵および放出に基づいて表されるリチウムイオン二次電池となるようにした。
突起34Cを形成しなかったことを除き、実施例1−1と同様の手順を経た。
突起34Cを表2に示すように、その面密度、幅および高さを変更して形成したことを除き、実施例1−1と同様の手順を経た。
突起34Cを表3に示すように、幅および高さを変更して形成したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。
電子ビーム蒸着法により負極活物質層34Bを形成する際に酸素ガスの導入量を変更し、負極活物質粒子中における酸素含有量を後出の表4に示すようにしたことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。
突起34Cを形成しなかったことを除き、実施例4−1〜4−6と同様の手順を経た。
負極活物質層34Bを形成する際に、電子ビーム蒸着法に換えてRFマグネトロンスパッタ法により形成したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。スパッタ法により負極活物質層34Bを形成する際には、酸素ガスの導入量を負極活物質粒子中における酸素含有量が9.4at%となるようにし、堆積速度を0.5nm/秒とした。また、負極集電体34Aの片面に形成する負極活物質層34Bの厚さは7.5μmとなるようにした。
負極活物質層34Bを形成する際に、電子ビーム蒸着法に換えてCVD法により形成したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。CVD法により負極活物質層34Bを形成する際には、酸素ガスの導入量を負極活物質粒子中における酸素含有量が9.4at%となるようにし、原材料および励起ガスとしてそれぞれシラン(SiH4 )およびアルゴン(Ar)を用い、堆積速度および基板温度をそれぞれ1.5nm/秒および200℃とした。また、負極集電体34Aの片面に形成する負極活物質層34Bの厚さは7.5μmとなるようにした。
突起34Cを形成しなかったことを除き、実施例5−1あるいは5−2と同様の手順を経た。
負極活物質層34Bを形成する際に、電子ビーム蒸着法に代えて塗布法により形成したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。塗布法により負極活物質層34Bを形成する際には、まず、負極活物質として平均粒径5μmのケイ素粉末と、ポリアミック酸溶液(N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド(DMAC)+N−メチル−2−ピロリドン)とを、ケイ素粉末とDMACとの重量比(ケイ素粉末:DMAC)で80:20となるように混合し、さらにN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを加え、負極合剤スラリーとした。こののち、銅箔(18μm厚)からなる負極集電体34Aに負極合剤スラリーをコーティング装置を用いて均一にパターン塗布して乾燥させてから加圧し、真空雰囲気下において400℃で12時間加熱した。また、負極集電体34Aの片面に形成する負極活物質層34Bの厚さは7.5μmとなるようにした。このように形成した負極活物質層34Bについて、酸素含有量を同様に分析したところ、7.0原子数%であった。
突起34Cを形成しなかったことを除き、実施例6と同様の手順を経た。
高分子化合物として、PVdFに代えて、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE;実施例7−1)、ポリイミド(PI;実施例7−2)、ポリアミド(PA;実施例7−3)、ポリアミドイミド(PAI;実施例7−4)、ポリエーテルサルフォン(PES;実施例7−5)、ポリアラミド(PAr;実施例7−6)あるいはカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMS;実施例7−7)をセパレータ35の両面に塗布したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。
突起34Cを形成しなかったことを除き、実施例7−1〜7−7と同様の手順を経た。
溶媒としてスルホ安息香酸無水物(SBAH)と電解質塩として四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4 )とを加え、電解液の組成を変更したことを除き、実施例1−3と同様の手順を経た。この際、電解液中におけるSBAHの含有量を1重量%とし、LiPF6 およびLiBF4 の含有量をそれぞれ1mol/dm3 および0.05mol/dm3 とした。
溶媒として炭酸プロピレン(PC)を加え、電解液の組成を変更したことを除き、実施例8−1と同様の手順を経た。この際、PCとFECとDECとの組成を重量比(PC:FEC:DEC)で、20:30:50とした。また、電解液中におけるSABHの含有量を1重量%とし、LiPF6 およびLiBF4 の含有量をそれぞれ1mol/dm3 および0.05mol/dm3 とした。
電解液に溶媒として4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オン(DFEC)を加え、電解液の組成を変更したことを除き、実施例8−2と同様の手順を経た。この際、PCとFECとDFECとDECとの組成を重量比(PC:FEC:DFEC:DEC)で30:10:10:50とした。また、電解液中におけるSABHの含有量を1重量%とし、LiPF6 およびLiBF4 の含有量をそれぞれ1mol/dm3 および0.05mol/dm3 とした。
電解液に溶媒として、FECに代えてDFECを加え、電解液の組成を変更したことを除き実施例8−2と同様の手順を経た。この際、PCとDFECとDECとの組成を重量比(PC:DFEC:DEC)で、40:10:50とした。電解液中におけるSABHの含有量を1重量%とし、LiPF6 およびLiBF4 の含有量をそれぞれ1mol/dm3 および0.05mol/dm3 とした。
Claims (34)
- 負極集電体と、
複数の負極活物質粒子を有すると共に前記負極集電体に設けられた負極活物質層と、
前記負極活物質層の表面に設けられると共に前記負極活物質粒子の粒子径よりも幅が小さな複数の突起と
を有する負極。 - 前記突起の形状は、円錐形である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起の面密度は、0.02個/μm2 以上2.3個/μm2 以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起の面密度は、0.02個/μm2 以上0.5個/μm2以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起の幅は、0.06μm以上4μm以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起の高さは、0.04μm以上8.5μm以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起の高さは、0.08μm以上3.2μm以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記負極活物質粒子の面密度(N2;個/μm2 )に対する前記突起の面密度(N1;個/μm2 )の比(N1/N2)は、0.05以上11.5以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記負極活物質粒子は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、合金および化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記突起は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、合金および化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む
請求項9に記載の負極。 - 前記負極活物質層は、気相法により形成された
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 前記負極活物質粒子は、ケイ素と共に酸素を含み、
前記負極活物質粒子中における酸素の含有量は、3原子数%以上46.2原子数%以下である
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 二次電池に用いられる
請求項1に記載の負極。 - 負極集電体と、
前記負極集電体に、塗布法により形成された負極活物質層と、
前記負極活物質層の表面に設けられた複数の突起と
を有する負極。 - 前記突起の形状は、円錐形である
請求項14に記載の負極。 - セパレータを介して対向配置された正極および負極と、溶媒および電解質塩を含む電解液とを備え、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、複数の負極活物質粒子を有すると共に前記負極集電体に設けられた負極活物質層と、前記負極活物質層の表面に設けられる共に前記負極活物質粒子の粒子径よりも幅が小さな複数の突起とを有する
二次電池。 - 前記突起の形状は、円錐形である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の面密度は、0.02個/μm2 以上2.3個/μm2 以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の面密度は、0.02個/μm2 以上0.5個/μm2 以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の幅は、0.06μm以上4μm以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の高さは、0.04μm以上8.5μm以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の高さは、0.08μm以上3.2μm以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質粒子の面密度(N2;個/μm2 )に対する前記突起の面密度(N1;個/μm2 )の比(N1/N2)は、0.05以上11.5以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質粒子は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、合金および化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起は、負極活物質として、ケイ素の単体、合金および化合物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む
請求項24に記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質層は、気相法により形成された
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質粒子は、ケイ素と共に酸素を有し、
前記負極活物質粒子中における酸素の含有量は、3原子数%以上46.2原子数%以下である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記突起の先端が前記セパレータに食い込んでいる
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記セパレータと前記正極および前記負極との間に、前記電解液と共に高分子化合物を有する電解質を有し、
前記高分子化合物は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルサルフォン、ポリアラミドおよびカルボキシメチルセルロースのうちの少なくとも1種である
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記溶媒は、4−フルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンおよび4,5−ジフルオロ−1,3−ジオキソラン−2−オンのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記溶媒は、酸無水物を含有する
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - 前記電解質塩は、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6 )および四フッ化ホウ酸リチウム(LiBF4 )のうちの少なくとも1種を含有する
請求項16に記載の二次電池。 - セパレータを介して対向配置された正極および負極と、溶媒および電解質塩を含む電解液とを備え、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、前記負極集電体に塗布法により形成された負極活物質層と、前記負極活物質層の表面に設けられた複数の突起とを有する
二次電池。 - 前記突起の形状は、円錐形である
請求項33に記載の二次電池。
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