JP2009242342A - Adipose tissue inflammation suppressor, fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, and prophylactic agent for lifestyle-related diseases and functional food containing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an adipose tissue inflammation suppressor and a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor which are excellent in adipose tissue inflammatory action and fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action, and a prophylactic agent for lifestyle-related diseases and a functional food containing the same. <P>SOLUTION: The adipose tissue inflammation suppressor comprises caffeine as an active ingredient. The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor comprises caffeine as an active ingredient. Caffeine is compounded in the form of at least one chosen from coffee beans, tea, cacao mass and extracts thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor and fatty acid synthesis inhibitor containing caffeine as an active ingredient, and a lifestyle-related disease preventive agent and functional food containing them. More specifically, for example, the present invention relates to an adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor and a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor that are suitably used for type 2 diabetes (insulin-resistant diabetes or non-insulin-dependent diabetes).

  Conventionally, type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), which accounts for the majority of diabetes, is known. Type 2 diabetes refers to a state in which the action efficiency of insulin is reduced in the target tissues (fat, liver, skeletal muscle) of insulin. The causes of type 2 diabetes are thought to be related to genetic factors, high-fat diet, visceral fat-type obesity, cytokine network abnormalities, inflammation, etc., but the detailed mechanism has been elucidated. Not. Therefore, an effective treatment method for type 2 diabetes has not been established, and the development of preventive drugs and therapeutic drugs based on the elucidation has become urgent.

Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 1, polyphenols (for example, chlorogenic acid) contained in a hot water extract of coffee beans or a hot water extract of coffee beans It is known to have an effect of lowering blood glucose level. Therefore, it is considered that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be suppressed by regularly taking coffee.
JP 2002-308766 A JP 2003-34636 A Nutrition Journal Vol.62 No.6 323-327 (2004)

  By the way, in addition to polyphenols including chlorogenic acid, the coffee extract contains a large number of components such as alkaloids such as caffeine, sugars, lipids, and amino acids. It is considered that components other than chlorogenic acid are involved in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes due to coffee consumption.

  The present inventors focused on caffeine as a component in the coffee extract and sought to elucidate a more specific mechanism for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. As a result, it was found that caffeine has an adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory action and a fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action. The object of the present invention is to provide an adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor and fatty acid synthesis inhibitor excellent in adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory activity and fatty acid synthesis inhibitory activity, and a lifestyle-related disease preventive agent and functional food containing them. There is.

In order to achieve the above object, the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the invention described in claim 1 is characterized by containing caffeine as an active ingredient.
The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor according to claim 1 is used as an insulin resistance improving agent.

  Invention of Claim 3 is a fat tissue inflammation inhibitor of Claim 1 or Claim 2, The said caffeine is mix | blended as at least 1 type chosen from coffee beans, tea, cacao mass, and those extracts. It is characterized by that.

The preventive agent for lifestyle-related diseases of the invention described in claim 4 contains the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor described in claim 3.
The functional food of the invention described in claim 5 contains the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 6 contains caffeine as an active ingredient.
The invention according to claim 7 is characterized in that the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 6 is used as an insulin resistance improving agent.

  The invention according to claim 8 is the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the caffeine is blended as at least one selected from coffee beans, tea, cacao mass and extracts thereof. It is characterized by that.

The preventive agent for lifestyle-related diseases of the invention according to claim 9 is characterized by containing the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 8.
A functional food according to a tenth aspect of the invention contains the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to any one of the sixth to eighth aspects.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor and fatty acid synthesis inhibitor excellent in the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory action and fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action, and the lifestyle-related disease preventive agent and functional food containing them can be provided. .

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment in which the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the present invention is embodied will be described in detail.
The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the first embodiment contains caffeine as an active ingredient. This active ingredient, caffeine, exerts an action of suppressing inflammation of adipose tissue (adipocytes). Inflammation in adipose tissue is considered as one of causes for causing inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Adipose tissue not only has a role of accumulating energy due to accumulation of fat, but also plays a role as a tissue that secretes physiologically active substances (adipocytokines) such as cytokines. It has been reported that in adipose tissue accompanying obesity, particularly visceral fat type obesity, the adipose tissue itself undergoes chronic inflammatory changes, thereby increasing macrophage infiltration. For example, in vascular inflammation such as arteriosclerosis, macrophage infiltration / activation (foaming) is increased and vascular wall reconstruction is performed, but obese adipose tissue has similar morphological changes. It is believed that.

  When macrophages infiltrate into adipose tissue, inflammatory cytokines are generated from adipocytes and infiltrated macrophages, and a vicious cycle of increasing inflammatory changes occurs (paracrine regulation system by adipocytes and macrophages). As inflammatory cytokines, for example, TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) and MCP-1 are known. TNF-α is an inflammatory adipocytokine produced by adipocytes during inflammation, and raises not only local (TNF-α concentration of adipose tissue) but also TNF-α concentration in blood to cause insulin resistance. MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) is secreted mainly from macrophages at the site of inflammation and causes inflammation. MCP-1 is further considered to be involved in tissue infiltration of monocytes and T cells in various inflammatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis, delayed allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, or lung disease. As described above, suppressing inflammation of adipose tissue is expected to improve the onset or symptoms of type 2 diabetes and various inflammatory diseases.

  Caffeine, which is an active ingredient, exerts an inhibitory action on inflammation in adipose tissue when ingested. More specifically, it inhibits macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and production of inflammatory cytokines. Caffeine is expected to improve the onset or symptoms of type 2 diabetes and various inflammatory diseases.

  Caffeine, which is an active ingredient of the first embodiment, is also called methyl theobromine. Caffeine may be either a monohydrate or an anhydride. As a blending form of caffeine, biosynthetic products, chemically synthesized products, and purified products from natural materials can be applied. As a purification method, it can implement using a well-known chromatography. Moreover, you may mix | blend the natural raw material containing caffeine, or its extract as an active ingredient. Examples of natural materials containing caffeine include arabica species, canephora species Robusta, conilon or reberica species, and hybrids thereof. The coffee beans contain caffeine even in the state of green beans, but are preferably roasted from the viewpoint of palatability. For example, Arabica species, Canephora species Robusta, Conneron or Reberica species, and hybrids thereof can be mentioned. The coffee beans are preferably roasted. The roasting conditions for coffee beans are not particularly limited, although the roasting degree L * value is preferably within the range used for beverages and foods. The tea is not particularly limited as long as it contains caffeine. Examples include green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and brown rice tea. An extract from a natural material containing caffeine is obtained by extraction according to a known method such as steam extraction or water (hot water) extraction. For example, an extract obtained by water extraction of tea and coffee usually contains about 0.001 to 1% of caffeine depending on the amount of water.

  As described above, the obtained extract can be used as it is as an active ingredient (caffeine) -containing material of the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of this embodiment. Moreover, it is also possible to use it in a state of being concentrated, dried or diluted with water as necessary.

  The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the present embodiment is mainly a pharmaceutical, quasi-drug, functional food (for example, food for specified health use), health food, health drink, nutritional supplement that has an effect / efficacy on adipose tissue inflammation inhibition. It can be applied to foods, veterinary drugs, feeds and the like.

  When the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the present embodiment is used as a pharmaceutical, any administration method such as intravascular administration or transdermal administration can be adopted in addition to administration by taking (oral intake). Although it does not specifically limit as a dosage form, For example, a powder, a powder agent, a granule, a tablet, a capsule, a pill, a suppository, a liquid agent, an injection, etc. are mentioned. Moreover, you may mix | blend an excipient | filler, a base, an emulsifier, a solvent, a stabilizer etc. as an additive.

When the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of this embodiment is used as a food or drink, it can be added to various food materials or beverage materials, for example, powder, tablets, granules, liquids (drinks, etc.), capsules, etc. And processed into shapes such as syrups, syrups and candies and used as functional foods, health food preparations, dietary supplements and the like. Examples of the foods and beverages include coffee beverages composed of coffee bean extract components, tea beverages composed of tea extract components, sports drinks containing caffeine, dairy products such as milk and yogurt, and gelling agents such as pectin and carrageenan Contained foods, beverages and foods containing glucose, sucrose, fructose, sugars such as lactose and dextrin, flavorings, stevia, aspartame, sugar alcohols and other sweeteners, vegetable oils and fats such as animal fats Can be mentioned. Moreover, you may add a base material, an excipient | filler, an additive, a subsidiary material, a bulking agent, etc. suitably.
When ingesting this adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor, the amount of the active ingredient (caffeine) is preferably 0.75 to 200 mg / kg (body weight), more preferably 1 to 100 mg / kg (body weight) per day for an adult. ), Most preferably 3 to 20 mg / kg (body weight). When the daily intake is less than 0.75 mg / kg (body weight), the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor by the active ingredient may not be effectively increased. On the other hand, when the intake amount of the active ingredient exceeds 200 mg / kg (body weight), it is uneconomical and no further improvement effect of the adipose tissue inflammation suppressing action is obtained. Furthermore, since a symptom such as insomnia may appear as a side effect of caffeine, it is preferably 200 mg / kg (body weight) / day or less. In addition, since the daily intake calorie per mouse body weight is approximately 60 kcal / 100 g / day, the amount of intake per day required for adults is compared with 2200 kcal for the optimal adult. The caffeine intake was calculated as about 1/15.

According to the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the first embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of this embodiment contains caffeine as an active ingredient. Therefore, a fat tissue inflammation inhibitory effect can be effectively exhibited by ingestion.

  (2) The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of this embodiment exhibits an excellent adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory action by caffeine as an active ingredient. Therefore, it is expected that it can be preferably applied as an insulin resistance improving agent to the treatment or prevention of insulin resistant diabetes, which is caused by inflammation of adipose tissue.

  (3) In the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of this embodiment, the caffeine which is an active ingredient exhibits an excellent adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory action. Therefore, it is expected to be preferably applicable to the treatment or prevention of inflammatory diseases such as arteriosclerosis, in which inflammation of adipose tissue is one of the causes of onset.

  (4) Arteriosclerosis is a symptom caused by cardiovascular diseases such as renal failure and obstructive arteriosclerosis in addition to lifestyle-related diseases such as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and cerebral infarction. It is expected that the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the present embodiment can be applied as an ameliorating or preventing agent for those cardiovascular diseases.

(5) In this embodiment, when caffeine derived from natural materials such as tea and coffee is used, it can be safely applied to a living body.
In addition, the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the said embodiment can also be changed and embodied as follows.

  The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the above embodiment suppresses macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and production of inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, the present invention may be applied as an inhibitor of macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and an inhibitor of inflammatory cytokine production containing caffeine as an active ingredient.

  The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the above embodiment is preferably applied to the treatment of various diseases associated with inflammation of adipose tissue. However, not only for therapeutic use, but also for healthy persons, it may be taken as a prophylactic agent for preventing the deterioration of inflammation of adipose tissue.

The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of the above embodiment may be taken as a preventive agent for lifestyle-related diseases and a preventive agent for metabolic syndrome, which are highly related to the adipose tissue as described above.
-The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor in the above embodiment may be applied not only to foods and drinks and pharmaceuticals applied to humans, but also to foods and drinks such as supplements and dietary supplements for domestic animals such as livestock, and pharmaceuticals. .

(Second Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a second embodiment in which the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the present invention is embodied will be described in detail.
The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the second embodiment contains caffeine as an active ingredient. This active ingredient, caffeine, suppresses the expression of proteins related to fatty acid synthesis and exerts an action of inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. As a result, the amount of triglyceride in the liver is decreased, and the blood triglyceride concentration is decreased. As described above, it is considered that fat accumulation such as a high fat diet and visceral fat type obesity is related as one of the causes for causing type 2 diabetes. More specifically, hypertriglyceride (triglyceride) emia, hyperfatty acid, and accumulation of neutral fat and fatty acid in the liver are considered to be causes of insulin resistance. Since caffeine, which is an active ingredient of the present embodiment, inhibits fatty acid synthesis, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperfattyemia, and accumulation of triglycerides and fatty acids in the liver are suppressed. Thereby, it is expected that insulin resistance can be improved.

  More specifically, the fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action by caffeine is, for example, the nuclear transcription factor SREBP-1 which regulates the expression of enzymes and receptors related to fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver and fatty acid synthase ( FAS) gene group suppression.

As caffeine, caffeine, which is the active ingredient of the first embodiment, can be used. That is, a biosynthetic product, a chemically synthesized product, a purified product from a natural material, and a natural material itself containing caffeine or an extract thereof can be applied as active ingredients.
The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor containing caffeine of this embodiment as an active ingredient is a drug, quasi-drug, functional food (for example, mainly having a fatty acid synthesis inhibitory effect / efficacy as in the first embodiment) (Special health foods), health foods, health drinks, nutritional supplements, veterinary drugs, feeds, and the like. Moreover, the compounding amount of caffeine is preferably 0.75 to 200 mg / kg (body weight), more preferably 1 to 100 mg as the compounding amount of the above active ingredient (caffeine) per day for adults, as in the first embodiment. / Kg (body weight), most preferably 3 to 20 mg / kg (body weight). When the daily intake is less than 0.75 mg / kg (body weight), the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor by the active ingredient may not be effectively increased. On the other hand, when the intake amount of the active ingredient exceeds 200 mg / kg (body weight), it is uneconomical and no further effect of improving the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitory effect is obtained. Furthermore, since a symptom such as insomnia may appear as a side effect of caffeine, it is preferably 200 mg / kg (body weight) / day or less.

According to the fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action of the second embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of this embodiment contains caffeine as an active ingredient. Therefore, the fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action can be effectively exhibited by ingestion.

  (2) The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of this embodiment exhibits an excellent fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action by caffeine as an active ingredient. Therefore, it is expected that it can be preferably applied to the treatment or prevention of insulin resistant diabetes, which is one of the causes of the onset of fatty acid accumulation as an insulin resistance improving agent.

  (3) The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of this embodiment exhibits an excellent fatty acid synthesis inhibitory action by caffeine, which is an active ingredient. Therefore, it is expected that the synthesis of fatty acids can be applied to the prevention or treatment of lifestyle-related diseases (adult diseases) associated with an increase in body fat.

In addition, the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the said embodiment can also be changed and embodied as follows.
-The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the said embodiment suppresses the expression of the gene group of the nuclear transcription factor SREBP-1 and a fatty acid synthetase (FAS). Therefore, you may apply as an expression inhibitor of the nuclear transcription factor SREBP-1 which uses caffeine as an active ingredient, and the expression inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS).

-The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the said embodiment may be ingested as a prophylactic agent for a healthy person to prevent the disease relevant to fatty acid accumulation similarly to 1st Embodiment.
-The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the said embodiment may be ingested as a preventive agent of a lifestyle-related disease and a metabolic syndrome which are highly relevant to fatty acid synthesis.

  -The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor of the said embodiment may be administered to animals other than a human like 1st Embodiment.

Hereinafter, the embodiment will be described more specifically with reference to test examples.
(Preparation and consumption of caffeinated beverages)
As a caffeinated beverage of Example 1, sugar-free black coffee was prepared as follows. Arabica beans were roasted with a far-infrared roaster (L * value = 24). Using 3.0 kg of roasted beans, extract to 7.5 times the ratio of coffee beans with hot water (22.5 kg of coffee extract) (extraction rate 25%), roasted beans amount 50 g / L The extract was weighed so that 0.6 g / L of sodium bicarbonate was mixed.

  The prepared solution of sugar-free black coffee was filled in a can and sterilized with a retort sterilizer (F0 = 5). The caffeine content of this sterilized solution was 630 ppm. This was diluted 2-fold with distilled water to give a caffeine content of 315 mg, and a caffeine-containing coffee drink was obtained.

As Example 2, anhydrous caffeine (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan) was dissolved in distilled water to 150 ppm to prepare an aqueous caffeine solution.
As Example 3, anhydrous caffeine (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan) was dissolved in distilled water to a concentration of 250 ppm to prepare a caffeine aqueous solution.

In addition, distilled water was used as a control for each example.
Using a 4-week-old (male) KKAy mouse, a commercially available solid feed (manufactured by CLEA Japan, CE-2) can be freely ingested as a feed, and as a drinking water, the caffeinated coffee drink of Example 1 or Example 2 above. And the caffeine aqueous solution of Example 3 was ingested freely. Body weight and blood glucose level were measured every week. Example 1 was sacrificed after 4 weeks and Examples 2 and 3 were sacrificed after 5 weeks. Serum, liver, and epididymal adipose tissue were subjected to analysis. Graphs showing changes in body weight are shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, it was clarified that taking caffeine of this example had almost no effect on body weight.

(Blood glucose level, serum experimental materials and methods)
Blood collected from the mouse was centrifuged at 5000 rpm and 4 ° C. for 10 minutes (NRX-1000, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) to obtain serum. Serum was used for blood glucose level measurement. The blood glucose level was determined by measuring the glucose concentration in serum using a commercially available kit (Glucose CII Test Wako, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) based on the mutarotase / glucose oxidase method. All values are expressed as mean ± standard error. Graphs showing changes in blood glucose levels are shown in FIGS.

(Experimental materials and evaluation methods for liver and epididymal adipose tissue)
(Total RNA extraction)
To a tube containing 1.0 mL of TRIzol Reagent (manufactured by Invitrogen), 100 mg of the liver obtained above or 200 mg of epididymal adipose tissue was added and homogenized. Thereafter, 200 μL of chloroform was added, mixed with stirring for 15 seconds, and centrifuged at 11110 rpm at 4 ° C. for 15 minutes. The obtained upper layer was transferred to another tube, 500 μL of isopropyl alcohol was added and mixed by inversion, left at room temperature for 15 minutes, and centrifuged at 11110 rpm at 4 ° C. for 10 minutes. To the precipitate from which the supernatant has been removed, 1.0 mL of 75% ethanol is added, stirred with a vortex mixer, and then centrifuged at 8780 rpm at 4 ° C. for 5 minutes. The supernatant was removed, dried for about 10 minutes, and DEPC water (liver: 130 μL, epididymal fat: 30 μL) was added as the total RNA solution.

(DNase treatment)
A commercially available kit (TURBO DNase Treatment and Removal Reagents, manufactured by Ambion) was used for DNase treatment of the total RNA solution obtained from each tissue. Add RNA adjusted to DEPC water so that 5 μg of nucleic acid is contained in 25 μL of RNA solution, add 2.5 μL of 10 × TURBO DNase Buffer and 0.5 μL of TURBO DNase, stir by tapping, and in a 37 ° C. water bath. The reaction was allowed for 30 minutes. Then, add 2.5 μL of DNase Inactivation Reagent, react for 2 minutes while stirring with a vortex mixer, centrifuge at 10140 rpm, 4 ° C. for 2 minutes, transfer the resulting supernatant to a new tube, and transfer it to DNA-free RNA. It was set as the solution.

(CDNA synthesis)
A commercially available kit (High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit, manufactured by Biosystems) was used for cDNA synthesis of the DNase-treated RNA solution (DNA-free RNA solution). 10 μL of the reagent shown in Table 1 below was added to the PCR tube, the concentration was adjusted to the sample having the lowest DNase-treated solution, and 10 μL of the solution adjusted with Nuclease-free H ₂ O was added. After mixing by tapping, reverse transcription reaction (GeneAmp PCR System 9700, manufactured by Biosystems) was performed at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes, 37 ° C. for 120 minutes, and 85 ° C. for 5 seconds to obtain a cDNA solution.

（Real-time PCR反応）
１試料当たりの量が表２に示されるように各試薬をチューブに加え、タッピングにて混合し、ＰＣＲ用９６穴プレートに２４μＬずつ分注した。そこに、上記cDNA溶液を１μＬずつ入れ、タッピングにて混合し、５０℃２分、９５℃１０分、９５℃９秒×５０サイクル、及び６０℃１分の条件でＰＣＲ反応（7300 Real-time PCR System、Biosystems社製）を行った。標準曲線は、発現が最も高いことが予想されるサンプルのcDNAを段階希釈（１、４、１６、６４、２５６倍希釈）した時の値を用いて作成した。なお、ＰＣＲ反応においては、マウス用のTaqmanプローブの中のDNA用のプライマーとして、CPT-1、PPAR-α、SREBP-1、FAS、MCP-1、F4/80、TNF-α、を用いた。

(Real-time PCR reaction)
Each reagent was added to the tube so that the amount per sample was shown in Table 2, mixed by tapping, and dispensed into a 96-well plate for PCR by 24 μL. 1 μL of the above cDNA solution was added and mixed by tapping, and PCR reaction (7300 Real-time under conditions of 50 ° C. for 2 minutes, 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, 95 ° C. for 9 seconds × 50 cycles, and 60 ° C. for 1 minute) PCR System, manufactured by Biosystems). A standard curve was prepared using values obtained by serial dilution (1, 4, 16, 64, 256-fold dilution) of the cDNA of the sample expected to have the highest expression. In the PCR reaction, CPT-1, PPAR-α, SREBP-1, FAS, MCP-1, F4 / 80, and TNF-α were used as primers for DNA in the Taqman probe for mice. .

  The functions of the respective substances shown above are as follows. CPT-1 is a protein associated with β-oxidation of fatty acids. The nuclear transcription factor PPAR-α is known to regulate the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes. The nuclear transcription factor SREBP-1 is known to regulate the expression of enzymes and receptors related to fatty acid biosynthesis in the liver. FAS is a protein involved in fatty acid synthesis. MCP-1 is also called a monocyte chemotactic factor and is a chemokine that has an action of inducing inflammation and is mainly produced from macrophages. F4 / 80 is a macrophage marker that is expressed only on macrophages. TNF-α is one of inflammatory adipocytokines.

  The value of each gene expression level was divided by the value of 18S rRNA used as the endogenous control gene, and further expressed as a relative ratio when the average value of the control was 1, and all were expressed as mean ± standard error. A larger value indicates that the gene expression level increases, and the gene expression level is proportional to the content of the substance. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4. In addition, the group which ingested the coffee drink containing caffeine was described as the coffee group.

表３に示されるように、脂肪酸の酸化に関連するタンパク質の遺伝子CPT-1及びPPAR-αは実施例１〜３において何れも変化がなかった。一方、脂肪酸の合成に関連するタンパク質の遺伝子SREBP-1及びFASのmRNAレベルは、実施例１〜３において低下傾向が見られた。以上により、カフェインにより脂肪酸の合成が阻害されることが確認された。カフェインは、脂肪酸の合成を阻害することにより生体における脂肪の蓄積を防止することができるものと思料される。

As shown in Table 3, the genes CPT-1 and PPAR-α of proteins related to fatty acid oxidation were unchanged in Examples 1 to 3. On the other hand, the mRNA levels of the protein genes SREBP-1 and FAS related to fatty acid synthesis tended to decrease in Examples 1 to 3. From the above, it was confirmed that caffeine inhibits fatty acid synthesis. It is believed that caffeine can prevent fat accumulation in the living body by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis.

  As shown in Table 4, it was confirmed that MCP-1, F4 / 80, and TNF-α related to inflammation of adipose tissue decreased. From the above, it was confirmed that caffeine suppresses inflammation of adipose tissue.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, it was confirmed that the blood glucose levels of Examples 1 to 3 were significantly decreased as compared with the control. From the above, it is thought that the risk of developing type 2 diabetes can be suppressed by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and suppressing inflammation of adipose tissue only with caffeine.

The graph which measured the change of the body weight at the time of ingesting the caffeine containing coffee drink of Example 1. FIG. The graph which measured the change of the blood glucose level at the time of ingesting the caffeine containing coffee drink of Example 1. FIG. The graph which measured the change of the body weight at the time of ingesting the caffeine aqueous solution of Examples 2 and 3. FIG. The graph which measured the change of the blood glucose level at the time of ingesting the caffeine aqueous solution of Examples 2 and 3. FIG.

Claims (10)

  A fat tissue inflammation inhibitor comprising caffeine as an active ingredient.   The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor according to claim 1, which is used as an insulin resistance improving agent.   The said caffeine is mix | blended as at least 1 type chosen from coffee beans, tea, cacao mass, and those extracts, The adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor of Claim 1 or Claim 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.   A preventive agent for lifestyle-related diseases, comprising the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor according to claim 3.   A functional food comprising the adipose tissue inflammation inhibitor according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   A fatty acid synthesis inhibitor comprising caffeine as an active ingredient.   The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 6, which is used as an insulin resistance improving agent.   The fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the caffeine is blended as at least one selected from coffee beans, tea, cacao mass and extracts thereof.   A preventive agent for lifestyle-related diseases comprising the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to claim 8.   A functional food comprising the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor according to any one of claims 6 to 8.

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