JP2009000403A - Drinking detector - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drinking detector of high precision not restricted by the putting-on and pulling-off of a glove or a handle holding position. <P>SOLUTION: The drinking detector for judging the drinking of a driver with high precision is constituted so that an alcohol detection part 11 is mounted on the human body so as to be brought into contact with a part of the foot of the human body and the concentration of the alcohol in the sweat perspired from the skin of the foot. Accordingly, drinking is judged at the start time of a vehicle or during driving without being restricted by the putting-on and pulling-off of a glove or a handle holding position. Further, since the mounting of the alcohol detection part 11 is judged by a mounting detection electrode 19 and a temperature sensor 21, the injustice due to the non-mounting of the alcohol detection part 11 is detected. Since the power transmitted from the transmitter 51 on the side of the vehicle only when the alcohol detection part 11 is provided in the vicinity of a driver's seat is received by the receiving means 38 of the alcohol detection part 11, it is judged that the alcohol detection part 11 is mounted on the driver if the power is received. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention mainly relates to a drunk detection device for a vehicle that detects a drunk state of a driver.

  In recent years, in order to reduce accidents caused by drunk driving, a drunk detection device that detects a drunk state of a driver has been developed. Various systems for controlling the start-up and operation of an automobile (hereinafter referred to as a vehicle) based on the output of the drinking detection device have been studied.

  As such a drinking detection device, a device that detects an alcohol concentration in expired air with an alcohol sensor is generally used. This is based on the fact that the blood alcohol concentration increased by drinking is proportional to the alcohol concentration in exhaled breath, and is also used to detect the drinking level when the drunk driving control is controlled. However, if the driver's drinking is detected by this method, there is a possibility that it is not possible to eliminate the injustice that a non-drinking exhalation or a non-drinking exhalation packed in a balloon is blown into the drinking detection device. Furthermore, when the drinking detection device is installed in the vehicle, the driver's drinking may be erroneously detected by the passenger's breath alcohol, alcohol in the fragrance, or the like.

  On the other hand, a drinking detection device that detects a sweat alcohol concentration that is proportional to a blood alcohol concentration, similar to the breath alcohol concentration, has been proposed in Patent Document 1 below. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of such a drinking detection apparatus.

  In FIG. 9, a sensor element 105 that detects alcohol is provided in each of the handle 101 and the transmission gear 103 that are arranged in the driver's seat of the vehicle, at a portion where the palm contacts. The sensor element 105 is composed of a pair of electrodes and an alcohol sensitive film covering them, and the resistance value is changed by adhesion of an alcohol component to the sensitive film. Accordingly, the sweat alcohol generated from the palm reaches the sensor element 105, whereby the alcohol concentration in sweat can be detected. The output signals obtained from these sensor elements 105 are transmitted to the alcohol concentration measurement unit 107, and the alcohol concentration is obtained. The alcohol concentration output obtained by the alcohol concentration measurement unit 107 is transmitted to the drunk driving determination unit 109, where the drinking state of the driver is determined. The determination result is transmitted to the post-processing unit 111. If the driver is in a drunk state, post-processing such as drunk driving suppression, warning, prevention, and control is performed. Specifically, the vehicle is locked so that it cannot be started, or control is performed to suppress the speed when the vehicle is running.

As described above, since the sensor element 105 is provided on the steering wheel or transmission gear operated by the driver, the alcohol concentration in the driver's sweat can be detected. Therefore, the possibility of fraud and false detection is reduced compared to alcohol detection by expiration.
JP 2005-224319 A

  Such a drinking detection apparatus can surely detect a driver's drinking in comparison with the detection of alcohol concentration in exhaled breath, but still has the following problems especially for fraud.

1) When the driver starts and operates with a non-breathable glove 2) When the driver operates with the sensor element 105 closed with a non-breathable cloth 3) The driver places the sensor element 105 When driving by touching an unperformed portion As described above, since the alcohol concentration in sweat is not detected in either case, the driver is determined not to drink alcohol. On the other hand, in the conventional configuration, when the vehicle is started, the driver must put his palm on the sensor element 105 without wearing gloves and measure the alcohol concentration in sweat. Further, when alcohol concentration is detected even during driving, the output from the sensor element 105 does not change in any of the above-described 1) to 3), so the drinking detection device has a certain set time. If there is no change in output during this period, it is determined that it is drunk driving. For these reasons, the driver must always start and drive the vehicle with his palm placed on one of the sensor elements 105.

  When there is such a restriction, especially when a professional driver wears gloves, he / she removes the gloves every time the vehicle is started, puts his palm on the sensor element 105, and after the vehicle is started after being determined to be non-drinking There was a problem that it was bothersome to wear gloves again. Furthermore, when drinking alcohol is detected even during driving, it is necessary to place a palm on the sensor element 105, and thus there is a problem that it may be difficult to drive due to the restraint of the handle holding position that has a large individual difference.

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a highly accurate drinking detection apparatus that is free from restrictions such as wearing / removing gloves and a handle holding position.

  In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the alcohol detection device according to the present invention is disposed so as to contact a part of a human foot, and is disposed at a sweat vapor inlet for taking in sweat vapor from the foot, and at the sweat vapor inlet. A moisture permeable membrane, a pump having an intake side connected to the sweat vapor inlet, an alcohol sensor provided on the exhaust side of the pump, a mounting detection switch arranged to contact a part of the sole, a vehicle, A transmission / reception circuit that communicates with each other, a control circuit to which the pump, alcohol sensor, mounting detection switch, and transmission / reception circuit are connected, a power storage unit that is connected to the control circuit and the transmission / reception circuit, and supplies power to each of the control circuit, A charging circuit connected to the power storage unit and the control circuit, and a power receiving means connected to the charging circuit are built-in. The alcohol detection unit attached to the foot, and the power receiving means are near the driver's seat. A power transmission device comprising: a power transmission means for transmitting power only when the power is present; a power transmission circuit connected to the power transmission means; and a vehicle battery connected to supply power to the power transmission circuit; Is determined that the alcohol detection unit is mounted on the foot when the mounting detection switch is on, and in this state, the power receiving means receives power transmitted from the power transmission device, and If the output of the alcohol sensor with respect to the sweat vapor sucked by the pump is equal to or higher than a drinking restriction value, it is determined that the driver is drinking.

  According to the present invention, since the alcohol detection unit is attached to the human foot and the alcohol concentration in the sweat emitted from the skin of the foot is detected, there are no restrictions such as when wearing gloves or the position of holding the handle. In addition, drinking can be determined regardless of whether the vehicle is starting or driving. Furthermore, since it is determined whether or not the alcohol detection unit is mounted by the mounting detection switch, fraud due to non-mounting can be detected, and the power transmitted from the vehicle-side power transmission device can be detected only when the alcohol detection unit is in the vicinity of the driver's seat. Since the power receiving means of the detection unit is receiving power, it can be determined that the driver is wearing the alcohol detection unit if receiving power. From these, it is possible to realize a drinking detection device capable of determining a driver's drinking with high accuracy.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(Embodiment 1)
1A and 1B are cross-sectional views of an alcohol detection unit of a drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where FIG. 1A is an overall cross-sectional view, and FIG. Cross-sectional views are shown respectively. FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of power supply when the drinking detection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is used. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the alcohol detection unit when the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is not used. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the alcohol detection unit at the time of starting the vehicle of the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the alcohol detection unit when the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is used in a vehicle.

  In FIG. 1A, the alcohol detector 11 is built in the shoe. Thereby, the alcohol detection part 11 can be mounted | worn on a leg, without burdening a driver | operator. In the first embodiment, the alcohol detection unit 11 is built in the right foot shoe. This is because the right foot always operates the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal when driving the vehicle, and the position of the right foot is limited around the driver's seat. Thereby, as will be described later, it is possible for the alcohol detection unit 11 to receive the power from the power transmission means more reliably, and it can be determined that the driver is surely wearing a shoe incorporating the alcohol detection unit 11. On the other hand, in the case of shoes with left foot, especially in a vehicle equipped with an automatic transmission, where the left foot is placed is likely to vary depending on the driver. Therefore, the above-described power reception and the driver's wearing judgment of shoes become uncertain. Therefore, it is desirable that the alcohol detector 11 is built in the right foot shoe.

  The alcohol detection unit 11 has a function of unlocking the vehicle by communication with the vehicle when the driver approaches the vehicle and locking the vehicle when the driver moves away from the vehicle. Therefore, it is not necessary to have a key when using the vehicle, and the convenience for the driver is improved. In addition, the alcohol detector 11 must be attached when the vehicle is driven. As a result, the certainty of alcohol detection is improved. Furthermore, since it is essential to install the alcohol detection unit 11, the driver does not wear footwear such as sandals and heels that are inappropriate for driving the vehicle, so that an effect of improving safety can be obtained.

  Next, details of the alcohol detection unit 11 will be described. First, the alcohol detector 11 is provided with a sweat vapor inlet 15 that contacts a part of the foot in order to take in sweat vapor emitted from the foot of the human body. In the first embodiment, since the alcohol detection unit 11 is built in the shoe, the sweat vapor inlet 15 is provided in a portion of the foot that contacts the sole that emits a lot of sweat vapor.

  In general, when wearing shoes, socks are worn. As described above, since the sweat vapor inlet 15 is provided in the sole portion, sweat generated from the sole passes through the socks and the sweat vapor inlet 15 Can be reached. At this time, since the sole portion is in a state close to sealing with the shoes, dilution of sweat vapor by the external air is reduced, and drinking can be detected with higher accuracy. However, when the foot is completely sealed, the material is steamed, so a material having a certain degree of air permeability is used as a material for the side or upper part of the shoe.

  Here, in order to make it easy to understand the configuration of the shoe sole 16 in which the sweat vapor inlet 15 is disposed, an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion indicated by a thick dotted line in FIG. 1A is shown in FIG. A moisture permeable membrane 17 is disposed at the sweat vapor inlet 15. The moisture permeable film 17 is disposed in a region indicated by a dot in FIG. This has the role of passing only sweat vapor from the skin of the soles and not liquid sweat. Thereby, the malfunction which becomes impossible to detect alcohol concentration when the alcohol sensor mentioned later gets wet is reduced. As such a moisture permeable membrane 17, for example, a stretched porous fluororesin can be used.

  A wearing detection switch 19 is provided in the vicinity of the sweat vapor inlet 15. The attachment detection switch 19 is for detecting whether or not the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the foot, and for example, a mechanical switch can be used. That is, when the alcohol detector 11 is worn on the foot (when the shoe shown in FIG. 1A is worn), the wear detection switch 19 is pushed by the sole and turned on to determine the wear.

  Further, a temperature / humidity sensor 21 is provided in the vicinity of the sweat vapor inlet 15 in FIG. The temperature / humidity sensor 21 detects the temperature and humidity of the sole of the foot. For example, a one-chip temperature / humidity sensor including peripheral circuits manufactured by micromachine technology can be used. It measures the temperature and relative humidity and outputs a digital signal. It is ultra-compact and can be built into shoes, and since the output signal is digitally converted, it has good noise resistance and high accuracy. It becomes possible.

  With this configuration, the alcohol detection unit 11 is worn on the human foot when the wearing detection switch 19 is on and the output of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 is within the predetermined temperature and humidity ranges. Therefore, the accuracy of mounting determination can be improved. In other words, when it is determined that the wear detection switch 19 alone is attached to the foot, by attaching a tape or the like to the attachment detection switch 19 and turning it on, the wear detection switch 19 can appear to be worn even though it is not worn. However, in this case, since the temperature and humidity in the shoe are greatly different from those at the time of wearing on the foot, such fraud can be determined. In the first embodiment, both the temperature and the humidity are detected in order to increase the accuracy of the determination of wearing on the foot, but either one may be used.

  The sweat vapor introduction port 15 is provided with a sweat vapor introduction pipe 23 that guides the sweat vapor introduced through the moisture permeable film 17 to an alcohol sensor described later. The sweat vapor introducing tube 23 is first connected to the suction side of a pump 27 built in the shoe heel 25 along the shoe sole 16 as shown in FIG. Thereby, sweat near the sweat vapor inlet 15 can be sucked by the pump 27. A pressure sensor 29 is provided between the sweat vapor inlet 15 and the pump 27. As the pressure sensor 29, a sensor manufactured by micromachine technology including a peripheral circuit was used. By providing the pressure sensor 29, even if the moisture permeable membrane 17 is illegally blocked with a tape or the like in an attempt to avoid detection of drinking, the pressure output of the pressure sensor 29 during the operation of the pump 27 is below a predetermined pressure. Therefore, the fraud can be determined.

  A gas chamber 30 is connected to the exhaust side of the pump 27 via a sweat vapor introduction pipe 23. Since the alcohol sensor 31 is provided in the gas chamber 30, the exhaust of the pump 27 reaches the alcohol sensor 31. Thereby, alcohol concentration is detected from the sweat vapor | steam of a sole.

  The alcohol sensor 31 has a configuration in which a thin-film semiconductor element is provided on a microheater manufactured by processing silicon by micromachine technology, for example. The semiconductor element is made of a thin film of tin oxide or the like generally used for detecting alcohol, and is heated to a temperature suitable for alcohol detection (depending on the material of the semiconductor element, but about several hundred degrees Celsius) by a microheater. The alcohol concentration is detected in the state. However, a large amount of power is consumed to maintain the semiconductor element in such a high temperature state, so that the power stored in the power storage unit (described later) built in the shoe is quickly lost. Therefore, a semiconductor element is provided on the microheater. Thereby, since the heat capacity of the alcohol sensor 31 becomes extremely small, the temperature can be raised to the set temperature in a short time (for example, 0.1 second or less) with a low current (for example, several mA).

  The alcohol concentration need not always be detected. For example, the alcohol concentration may be detected at predetermined time intervals. Therefore, the alcohol concentration is detected by supplying a pulse current to the microheater. That is, for example, the temperature rise can be completed and the alcohol concentration can be detected only by flowing a current of 7 mA for 0.2 seconds, so that the power consumption of the alcohol sensor 31 can be reduced. Thereby, it is avoided that the electric power of the said electrical storage part is lose | eliminated immediately.

  Note that the pulse current is made to flow before the alcohol concentration is detected by utilizing the low power consumption characteristic of the alcohol sensor 31. Thereby, impurities such as moisture adhering to the surface of the semiconductor element can be removed by heating, and the alcohol concentration can be detected while the surface of the semiconductor element is clean, so that high accuracy can be achieved.

  Control of the pulse current for these alcohol sensors 31 is all performed by a control circuit (described later) that controls the alcohol detector 11.

  The alcohol sensor 31 may include a plurality of the semiconductor elements. This is because the microheater is made extremely small by the micromachine technology, and by utilizing this, a plurality of microheaters can be collectively produced in one alcohol sensor 31, and a thin film semiconductor element is formed in each. When there are a plurality of semiconductor elements in this way, when one semiconductor element has a failure such as deterioration or disconnection, the life of the alcohol sensor 31 can be extended by switching to another normal semiconductor element. . Furthermore, a plurality of semiconductor elements may be sequentially switched every time the alcohol concentration is detected by the control circuit. In this case, the deterioration degree of a plurality of semiconductor elements is averaged, and the use frequency per one is reduced, so that the life is extended. Therefore, it is possible to extend the life of the alcohol sensor 31 while suppressing output variations among individual semiconductor elements.

  Here, returning to FIG. 1A, as described above, sweat gas is introduced into the gas chamber 30 by the pump 27. Here, in order to ventilate the air in the gas chamber 30 to sweat vapor discharged from the pump 27, a vent hole 35 is provided in a part of the wall surface of the gas chamber 30. Although one vent hole 35 is shown in FIG. 1A, a plurality of vent holes 35 may be provided. In order to prevent impurities such as moisture from entering the gas chamber 30, the same film as the moisture permeable film 17 is also fixed to the vent hole 35. Thereby, only the gas component can pass through the vent hole 35, and the intrusion of impurities can be reduced while the gas chamber 30 is ventilated.

  Further, the collar unit 25 incorporates a circuit unit 37 including the above-described power storage unit, control circuit, and the like. In the first embodiment, since a function for unlocking and locking the vehicle is also incorporated, this function is also included in the circuit unit 37.

  As described above, the flange portion 25 contains components having insufficient vibration resistance, such as the minute pressure sensor 29 and the alcohol sensor 31, and the circuit portion 37. Therefore, the heel part 25 is configured to have an elastic body so that vibration during walking is not transmitted to the circuit part 37 and the like as much as possible. Specifically, the circuit portion 37 and the like are covered with an elastic body and are built in the flange portion 25. Thereby, since vibration at the time of walking is absorbed by the elastic body, the circuit unit 37 and the like can be protected from vibration.

  A power receiving means 38 for charging the power storage unit is built in the vicinity of the shoe sole 16. The power receiving means 38 is formed of a planar coil, and power is supplied by electromagnetic induction from a power transmitting means described later. With this configuration, for example, when the alcohol detection unit 11 is not worn, such as when sleeping, a shoe with the alcohol detection unit 11 built in a charging stand (not shown) with the power transmission unit built therein is provided. The power storage unit can be charged from a household power source or the like simply by placing it. As a result, the alcohol sensor 31 can be operated even when the alcohol detector 11 is mounted and the vehicle is not in use. A specific operation will be described later.

  Further, when the vehicle is in use, power received from the power transmission means built in the accelerator pedal or brake pedal of the vehicle is received by the power reception means 38 to charge the power storage unit. At this time, since power is sent only when the power receiving means 38 is in the vicinity of the driver's seat, if the alcohol detection unit 11 detects power reception, it can be determined that the driver is wearing the alcohol detection unit 11. Therefore, it is possible to detect an injustice that a non-drinking passenger wears the alcohol detection unit 11. Details of these configurations and operations will be described later.

  Next, the circuit configuration of the entire drinking detection apparatus will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, thick lines indicate power system wiring, and thin lines indicate control system wiring. In addition, the circuit unit 37 in FIG. 2 shows only the part related to the alcohol detection unit 11, and the part related to the unlocking and locking functions is omitted.

  First, the alcohol detection unit 11 includes a control circuit 39 to which the mounting detection switch 19, the temperature / humidity sensor 21, the pump 27, the pressure sensor 29, and the alcohol sensor 31 are connected. The control circuit 39 is composed of a microcomputer and peripheral circuits, and governs overall control of the alcohol detection unit 11. Note that the on / off state of the mounting detection switch 19 is based on an on / off signal SW, the temperature output and humidity output of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 are based on digitally converted temperature / humidity signals T and H, and the pressure output of the pressure sensor 29 is based on a pressure signal P. The output of the alcohol sensor 31 is input to the control circuit 39 by the alcohol concentration signal Ce.

  The operation of the pump 27 is controlled by a pump control signal Pc generated from the control circuit 39. At this time, the driving power of the pump 27 is also supplied via the control circuit 39.

  The control circuit 39 is connected to a transmission / reception circuit 41 that communicates with the vehicle. This plays a role of communicating various information such as a drinking detection result, an unlocking state, and a locked state to a vehicle control circuit (not shown). The exchanged data is input / output to / from the control circuit 39 by the data signal data. The communication is performed via a built-in antenna 43 (connected to the transmission / reception circuit 41) of the alcohol detection unit 11 and a vehicle-side antenna (not shown).

  Driving power for the control circuit 39 and the transmission / reception circuit 41 is supplied by the power storage unit 45. The power storage unit 45 used a secondary battery. As a result, the power storage unit 45 can be charged mainly when the vehicle is not in use, so that the possibility that alcohol consumption cannot be detected due to battery exhaustion is reduced.

  The power storage unit 45 is connected with a charging circuit 47 for controlling charging. Since the charging circuit 47 is also connected to the control circuit 39, the control circuit 39 reads the charging state signal cnd of the power storage unit 45 from the charging circuit 47 and outputs a charging control signal cont for performing charging control accordingly. 47. Thereby, the full charge of the electrical storage part 45 is controlled.

  The charging circuit 47 is also connected to a power receiving means 38. The power receiving means 38 is composed of a planar coil as described above. Since the power receiving means 38 is built in the shoe sole 16, a planar coil is placed on a flexible resin substrate that can be bent freely so as to cope with deformation of the shoe sole 16 during walking or the like. The structure is formed.

  The power receiving unit 38 receives power transmitted from a power transmitting unit (described later) by electromagnetic induction when the vehicle is in use, and thus the power storage unit 45 can be charged even during use of the vehicle. The possibility of running out of battery can be reduced. Note that the planar coil forming the power receiving means 38 can be increased in power reception energy as the coil length is longer, and is thus patterned to be as long as possible on the flexible substrate.

  Next, the power transmission device 51 for supplying power to the power receiving means 38 will be described. The power transmission device 51 includes a power transmission means 53, a power transmission circuit 55, and a vehicle battery 57. The vehicle battery 57 is not a dedicated product for the power transmission device 51 but is a general one that supplies power to other electrical components, but here, wiring to other electrical components is omitted. Yes.

  Since the power transmission means 53 supplies power to the power reception means 38 by electromagnetic induction, the power transmission means 53 is also composed of a coil. The power transmission means 53 only needs to be built in at least one of the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal that are operated with the shoes of the right foot during driving. In the first embodiment, the power transmission means 53 is built in both in order to charge as much as possible. Yes.

  A power transmission circuit 55 for generating AC power for generating electromagnetic induction is connected to the power transmission means 53. Since this AC power is obtained based on the power of the vehicle battery 57, the power transmission circuit 55 is connected to the vehicle battery 57. In addition, although the magnetic force line from the power transmission means 53 to the power reception means 38 by electromagnetic induction is shown by the dotted line arrow of FIG. 2, the detail is demonstrated using FIG.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which power is supplied from the power transmission means 53 to the power reception means 38 by electromagnetic induction when the vehicle is used. The alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to a part of the right foot of the human body 61. When the driver is accelerating or driving the vehicle at a constant speed, the corner of the heel portion 25 is brought into contact with the vehicle floor 62 so that the corner serves as a fulcrum, and the accelerator pedal 63 is used with a shoe incorporating the alcohol detection unit 11. Therefore, the positional relationship between the alcohol detector 11 and the accelerator pedal 63 is as shown in FIG.

  Here, the accelerator pedal 63 incorporates a coil as the power transmission means 53 and the shoe sole 16 incorporates a planar coil as the power reception means 38 as indicated by a thick dotted line in FIG. Since the power transmission device 51 is operating while the vehicle is in use, the magnetic force lines indicated by the dotted arrows in FIG. A part of the magnetic force lines reach the power receiving means 38, and an induced electromotive force is generated in the power receiving means 38. As a result, power is supplied from the power transmission means 53 to the power reception means 38.

  Although omitted in FIG. 3, since the power transmission means 53 is also incorporated in the brake pedal, power is supplied to the power receiving means 38 while the driver is stepping on the brake pedal during deceleration.

  The electric power obtained in this manner is charged in the power storage unit 45 built in the alcohol detection unit 11 as described above, but at the same time, the alcohol detection unit 11 is connected to the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal due to the fact that power can be received. Can be detected. This is because, as shown in FIG. 3, when the driver properly operates the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal, the line of magnetic force generated from the power transmission means 53 reaches the power reception means 38. Accordingly, if a non-drinking passenger makes an injustice to wear shoes with a built-in alcohol detection unit 11, power is supplied unless the passenger operates the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal during driving. There will be no. However, since it is impossible to drive in this way, if the alcohol detection unit 11 is supplied with power, it can be determined that the driver is wearing the alcohol detection unit 11.

  In addition, since the planar coil is built in the shoe sole 16 and the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal, the power transmission unit 53 and the power reception unit 38 face each other. As a result, power can be supplied by electromagnetic induction very efficiently, and it can be determined whether the driver is wearing the alcohol detection unit 11 or not. That is, when the power transmission means 53 and the power reception means 38 are separated from each other, the efficiency of power supply is drastically deteriorated. This property is used so that power can be supplied only to the driver seat, particularly in the vicinity of the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal. Therefore, it is possible to determine the wearing of the driver.

  As described above, the power transmission means 53 can send power only when the power receiving means 38 is in the vicinity of the driver's seat (near the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal). Mounting accuracy is improved.

  Note that the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal are not always operated during driving, and neither pedal may be operated during coasting or cruise control. In this case, since the distance between the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal and the alcohol detection unit 11 is increased, the magnetic field lines do not reach and there is a possibility that the driver erroneously determines that the alcohol detection unit 11 is not worn. Therefore, the power transmission means 53 may be incorporated in the vehicle floor 62 of the driver seat where the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal are located. Further, even if the power reception is interrupted, if the power can be received again within a predetermined time, the possibility of erroneous determination can be further reduced by not determining that the power supply is not attached. Note that these detailed operations will be described later.

  Moreover, since the alcohol detection part 11 is detecting drinking even during driving | running | working, the result is transmitted to the vehicle side antenna (not shown).

  Next, operation | movement of a drinking detection apparatus is demonstrated using the flowchart of FIGS. Each of these flowcharts is a subroutine that is executed as needed from a main routine (not shown).

  First, the operation of the alcohol detector 11 when the vehicle is not used will be described with reference to FIG. The control circuit 39 of the alcohol detection unit 11 can know the non-use state of the vehicle by trying to communicate with a vehicle control circuit (not shown). That is, if communication is not possible, the alcohol detection unit 11 is far away from the vehicle, so the control circuit 39 can determine that the vehicle is not in use. Further, if communication is possible, the vehicle-side control circuit returns that the vehicle is currently not in use, so that in this case as well, the control circuit 39 can determine that the vehicle is not in use. In these cases, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is executed from the main routine. Note that the subroutine of FIG. 4 is periodically executed at predetermined time intervals (for example, every 10 minutes) while the vehicle is not in use.

  When the subroutine of FIG. 4 is executed, the drinking flag is first turned on (step number S1). This drinking flag is a memory for storing a drinking judgment result and is built in the control circuit 39. If the drinking flag is on, it indicates that the wearer of the alcohol detection unit 11 is drinking above the regulation value. Here, since the drinking decision has not been made, the drinking flag is turned on as an initial value.

  Next, the control circuit 39 determines the on / off state of the mounting detection switch 19 from the output (on / off signal SW) of the mounting detection switch 19 (S3). If it is off (No in S3), it is considered that the alcohol detector 11 is not attached to the human body 61. Therefore, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated as it is, and the process returns to the main routine. At this time, since the drinking flag remains on, the main routine is not limited to drinking, and it can be determined that a problem that the alcohol detection unit 11 is not worn has occurred. As a result, even if an attempt is made to start the vehicle in this state, since a problem is already known, a warning or the like can be given to the driver by the main routine. The warning is performed, for example, by sounding an alarm by a sound generation unit (not shown) built in the circuit unit 37. However, since the vehicle is not in use here, even if there is some trouble, it is merely warned and no control is performed on the vehicle. In the subroutine of FIG. 4, for example, if the main routine detects non-wearing more than a predetermined number of times by controlling to turn on a flag indicating non-wearing, a shoe incorporating the alcohol detection unit 11 is used. Control may be performed so that an alarm is not sounded by determining that the camera is left unattended. In addition, even when a shoe incorporating the alcohol detection unit 11 is placed on the charging stand for charging, the alarm may not be sounded because the vehicle is obviously not in use.

  On the other hand, if the attachment detection switch 19 is on (Yes in S3), it is considered that the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the human body 61. However, it is illegal to always turn on the attachment detection switch 19 with an adhesive tape or the like. May have been done. In this case, it is determined that the user wears the wearer even though it is not worn. Therefore, the control circuit 39 reads the temperature / humidity signals T and H of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 (S5), and determines whether or not the temperature output T is within the predetermined temperature range, that is, within the body temperature range. (S7). Since the body temperature range changes depending on the position of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 and the like, the actual body temperature range is determined in advance and stored in the memory. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature / humidity sensor 21 is disposed near the base of the toes, so the body temperature range of that portion is set to 30 to 40 ° C.

  If the temperature output T is not within the body temperature range (No in S7), it is considered that the wearing detection switch 19 is turned on illegally and the alcohol detection unit 11 is not worn on the human body 61. The subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine. Since the drinking flag is on at this time as well, the main routine issues an alarm warning as in the case of No in S3.

  On the other hand, if the temperature output T is within the body temperature range (Yes in S7), it is then determined whether or not the humidity output H is within the predetermined humidity range (S9). Since the predetermined humidity range changes depending on the position of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 and the like, the actual humidity range is determined in advance and stored in the memory. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the temperature / humidity sensor 21 is disposed near the base of the toes, so that the predetermined humidity range of the portion is set to 80 to 100% RH (RH is relative humidity). . The reason why the relative humidity is so high is that the ventilation inside the shoe is usually not enough and the sole of the human body 61 is the part with the most sweat glands like the palm.

  If the humidity output H is not within the predetermined humidity range (No in S9), as in the case of No in S7, the mounting detection switch 19 is turned on illegally, and the alcohol detection unit 11 is mounted on the human body 61. Therefore, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine. Since the drinking flag is on at this time as well, the main routine issues an alarm warning as in the case of No in S3. As described above, the determination accuracy can be improved by determining whether the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the human body 61 using both the temperature output T and the humidity output H. However, either the temperature output T or the humidity output H can be improved. The attachment determination may be performed only on one side.

  On the other hand, if the humidity output H is within the predetermined humidity range (Yes in S9), it is determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the human body 61. As described above, the alcohol detection unit 11 is not in the human body 61 for the first time when the wearing detection switch 19 is on, the temperature output T is within the predetermined temperature range (= within the body temperature range), and the humidity output H is within the predetermined humidity range. Since it is determined that it is attached to the device, the accuracy of the attachment determination is greatly improved.

  Next, the control circuit 39 drives the pump 27 (S11) and sucks air in the vicinity of the sweat vapor inlet 15. The driving power for the pump 27 is supplied via the control circuit 39. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a predetermined suction time has elapsed (S13). Here, the predetermined suction time is a drive time of the pump 27 necessary for replacing all the air in the gas chamber 30. If the predetermined suction time has not elapsed (No in S13), the process returns to S13 and waits until the predetermined suction time has elapsed. If the predetermined suction time has elapsed (Yes in S13), then the output (pressure signal P) of the pressure sensor 29 is read (S15). Thereafter, the pump 27 is stopped (S17), and it is determined whether or not the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure (S19). Here, the predetermined pressure was an absolute pressure of 0.5 atm. As a result, if the sweat vapor inlet 15 is illegally closed to avoid alcohol detection, the pressure output of the pressure sensor 29 disposed between the sweat vapor inlet 15 and the pump 27 becomes smaller than the predetermined pressure. Therefore, the fraud can be determined by monitoring the pressure signal P.

  If the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than the predetermined pressure (Yes in S19), there is a possibility that fraud such as closing the sweat vapor inlet 15 is performed, so that a pressure abnormality is warned with an alarm (S21). Then, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated. Since this time is also when the vehicle is not used, only a warning is given.

  On the other hand, if the pressure signal P is larger than the predetermined pressure (No in S19), since the sweat vapor near the sole can be normally introduced into the gas chamber 30, the control circuit 39 next causes the alcohol sensor 31 provided in the gas chamber 30. The alcohol concentration output Ce is read (S23), and it is determined whether the alcohol concentration output Ce in sweat vapor is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (S25). In addition, the drinking regulation value is the alcohol concentration in the sweat vapor corresponding to the alcohol concentration in the breath for determination of drunkness at the time of drunk driving control (0.15 mg per liter of breath as of 2007). Since this value changes depending on the position of the sweat vapor inlet 15 relative to the sole or a future change in the alcohol concentration determination level, etc., the drinking regulation value corresponding to the current alcohol vapor determination concentration at the position of the sweat vapor inlet 15 is previously set. It is determined and stored in the memory of the control circuit 39.

  If the alcohol concentration output Ce is less than the drinking regulation value (No in S25), it can be determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 has been attached to the human body 61 without any unauthorizedness, and the drinking flag is turned off. In this manner (S27), the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

  On the other hand, if the alcohol concentration output Ce is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (Yes in S25), it can be determined that the alcohol is being drunk while the alcohol detector 11 is attached to the human body 61. In this case, it is next determined whether or not the alcohol detection unit 11 is within the transmission / reception range of the data signal data by trying to communicate with the vehicle-side antenna (S28). If it is outside the transmission / reception range (No in S28), it is determined that the drunk driving cannot be performed at this time because the person is far away from the vehicle even if he / she is drinking. Therefore, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated as it is, and the process returns to the main routine. However, since the drinking flag is turned on in S1, it can be determined that there is a possibility of drinking in the main routine.

  On the other hand, if the alcohol detection unit 11 is within the transmission / reception range of the data signal data (Yes in S28), the control circuit 39 determines that there is a high possibility of driving in the drunk state, and alarms that it is drunk. (S29). Thereafter, the subroutine of FIG. 4 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine. Thereby, the effect that possibility of preventing drunk driving increases in advance is obtained. Since the drinking flag is on at this time as well, the main routine performs the same operation as in the case of No in S3.

  By repeating the above operations periodically, drinking judgment and warning when drinking are performed even when the vehicle is not in use.

  In the main routine, the control circuit 39 sets the output of the alcohol sensor 31 when the alcohol detector 11 is removed from the human body 61 (foot) as the alcohol non-detection value (0 point). As a result, the zero point of the alcohol sensor 31 can be corrected at the time of non-wearing, thereby improving the alcohol concentration detection accuracy. Here, the removal of the alcohol detection unit 11 from the human body 61 can be determined, for example, when the wearing detection switch 19 is off and the power storage unit 45 is charged with the shoes on the charging stand. The charging of the power storage unit 45 can be known by the control circuit 39 monitoring the charging state signal cnd emitted from the charging circuit 47.

  Next, the operation at the time of starting the vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. The subroutine of FIG. 5 is executed when the unlocking operation is performed with the alcohol detection unit 11 approaching the vehicle. First, the control circuit 39 clears the number of warnings stored in the built-in memory (S31). The number of warnings indicates the number of times that a warning is issued due to some trouble in an operation during operation described later. Although the detailed operation will be described with reference to FIG. 6, the number of warnings is cleared to 0 since the operation has not yet been performed and the operation is now in progress.

  Next, the state of the drinking flag is determined (S33). The drinking flag is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 4. If the drinking flag is already on at the time of starting the vehicle (FIG. 5) (Yes in S33), the alcohol detection unit 11 is not installed or fraud is performed. Or the wearer of the alcohol detector 11 is in a drinking state. In any state, in order to prevent drunk driving, the vehicle is controlled not to start. Specifically, the control circuit 39 of the alcohol detection unit 11 transmits an ignition lock signal to the vehicle control circuit via the vehicle-side antenna (S35). In response, the vehicle control circuit controls the engine so that it does not start even when the driver turns on the ignition switch. Further, at this time, the alarm of the alcohol detection unit 11 is notified that the vehicle cannot be started.

  Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the vehicle has been locked by the alcohol detector 11 (S37). If not locked (No in S37), the process returns to S37 and waits until locked. On the other hand, if locked (Yes in S37), the subroutine of FIG. 5 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine. Such an operation prevents fraud and drunk driving. Further, even if the unauthorized state is corrected while waiting until locked in S37 or the alcohol concentration in the sweat vapor is lowered, the apparatus cannot be restarted unless locked once. Thereby, since the drinking determination subroutine of FIG. 4 is executed again, the certainty of fraud prevention and drunk driving prevention is increased.

  For example, even if the wearer of the alcohol detection unit 11 is in a drunk state, it is assumed that the vehicle is unlocked simply because the baggage is taken out from the vehicle that is not in use. In this case as well, a routine for waiting until locking is executed in S37. However, since the wearer of the alcohol detection unit 11 locks when the vehicle is finished, the subroutine of FIG. 5 can be ended.

  Returning to S33, if the drinking flag is not on (No in S33), the drinking determination subroutine of FIG. 4 is executed again (S39). This is because the subroutine of FIG. 4 is executed only at predetermined time intervals (here, every 10 minutes) when the vehicle is not used. Therefore, by executing the subroutine of FIG. 4 again when the vehicle is started, it is possible to make a drinking decision just before driving.

  Thereafter, if the drinking flag is on (Yes in S41), the alcohol detection unit 11 is not worn, or is in an unauthorized state or a drinking state, so the process jumps to S35 described above. Thereby, since vehicle starting is locked, drunk driving can be prevented beforehand.

  On the other hand, if the drinking flag is not on (No in S41), the driver correctly wears the alcohol detection unit 11 and is not in a drinking state, so it is then determined whether or not the ignition switch is turned on (S43). . The on / off state of the ignition switch is input to the control circuit 39 via the transmission / reception circuit 41 by communication between the vehicle-side antenna and the built-in antenna 43. If it is not turned on (No in S43), it is determined whether or not the vehicle has been locked by the alcohol detector 11 (S45). If the locking operation is not performed (No in S45), the process returns to S43 and the operations after the ignition switch state determination are repeated. This corresponds to an operation of waiting until the driver turns on because the ignition switch is not turned on while the driver unlocks the vehicle, gets into the vehicle and wears the seat belt.

  On the other hand, when the locking operation is performed (Yes in S45), it is assumed that the driver has just unlocked the vehicle and removed the luggage, and then it is assumed that the vehicle has been locked. There is no. Therefore, the subroutine of FIG. 5 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine. In addition, the vehicle of this Embodiment 1 is equipped with the vehicle speed sensitive automatic locking apparatus, for example, and assumes the case where a driver | operator's locking operation is unnecessary at the time of vehicle driving. Therefore, if the vehicle speed sensitive automatic locking device is not mounted, it is conceivable that the driver performs the locking operation before turning on the ignition switch. In this case, after Yes in S45, for example, a driver's seat belt wearing signal is received from a vehicle control circuit (not shown), and if it is worn, an operation of returning to S43 may be added.

  Here, returning to S43, if the ignition switch is turned on (Yes in S43), the control circuit 39 transmits an ignition on permission signal to the vehicle control circuit via the transmission / reception circuit 41 and the built-in antenna 43 (S47). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit can start the vehicle (engine start, etc.). In this way, the alcohol detection unit 11 performs start control of the vehicle. Thereafter, the subroutine of FIG. 5 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

  Next, the operation when using the vehicle will be described with reference to FIG. The subroutine of FIG. 6 is executed every predetermined time (for example, 3 minutes) when the vehicle is used, that is, when the engine is running. This makes it possible to determine in a timely manner that the driver has drunk while driving. The shorter the predetermined time is, the faster alcohol can be detected, but if it is too short, the power received by the power receiving means 38 may be charged, but the power of the power storage unit 45 may be lost early. What is necessary is just to determine suitably considering a balance.

  When the subroutine of FIG. 6 is executed, first, the control circuit 39 turns on the drinking flag (S51). The drinking flag here is turned on not only when there is drinking but also when non-wearing or fraud is detected, so that any trouble can be known in the main routine.

  Next, the control circuit 39 determines the on / off state of the mounting detection switch 19 from the output (on / off signal SW) of the mounting detection switch 19 (S53). If it is off (No in S53), it is considered that the driver took off the shoes incorporating the alcohol detection unit 11 after starting the vehicle. In this case, in order to warn the driver, the process jumps to S71 described later.

  On the other hand, if the mounting detection switch 19 is ON (Yes in S53), the temperature / humidity signals T and H of the temperature / humidity sensor 21 are read in order to more reliably detect the driver's mounting of the alcohol detection unit 11 (S55). Of these, it is determined whether or not the temperature output T is within the predetermined temperature range, that is, within the body temperature range (S57). Here, the body temperature range is as described in S7 of FIG. If the temperature output T is not within the body temperature range (No in S57), the attachment detection switch 19 is illegally turned on with an adhesive tape or the like, and the alcohol detection unit 11 is not attached to the human body 61. Since it is considered, in order to warn the driver, the process jumps to S71 described later.

  On the other hand, if the temperature output T is within the body temperature range (Yes in S57), it is next determined whether or not the humidity output H is within the predetermined humidity range (S59). The predetermined humidity range is as described in S9 of FIG. If the humidity output H is not within the predetermined humidity range (No in S59), as in the case of No in S57, the mounting detection switch 19 is turned on illegally, and the alcohol detection unit 11 is mounted on the human body 61. Since it is considered that the vehicle is not in the state, the process jumps to S71 to be described later in order to warn the driver.

  On the other hand, if the humidity output H is within the predetermined humidity range (Yes in S59), it is determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the human body 61. Such triple determination improves the accuracy of determining whether the alcohol detector 11 is attached to the human body 61 as described with reference to FIG.

  Next, the control circuit 39 receives a vehicle speed signal from the vehicle control circuit via the transmission / reception circuit 41 and the built-in antenna 43 (S61). If the vehicle speed is 0 (Yes in S63), the vehicle is stopped due to a signal or the like. At this time, the driver may take his foot off the brake pedal as well as the accelerator pedal 63. . Therefore, there is a possibility that the operation when the vehicle speed is not 0, that is, the driver's determination of wearing the alcohol detection unit 11 based on the presence or absence of power output from the power receiving means 38 cannot be performed correctly. Therefore, when the vehicle speed is 0, the process jumps to S77, which will be described later, without determining whether the alcohol detector 11 is attached by the power receiving means 38. In this case, a non-drinking passenger cannot determine whether the alcohol detection unit 11 is worn illegally. However, when the vehicle starts to travel, the power reception unit 38 determines whether the alcohol detection unit 11 is mounted. The fraud can be determined. Details thereof will be described below.

  If the vehicle speed is not 0 in S63 (No in S63), the control circuit 39 determines whether there is a power output from the power receiving means 38 (S65). The presence / absence of power output from the power receiving means 38 is detected by a charge state signal cnd emitted from the charging circuit 47. If there is power output from the power receiving means 38 (Yes in S65), it is assumed that the driver is operating the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal as shown in FIG. It can be determined that the alcohol detector 11 is attached. Therefore, the process jumps to the operation after alcohol concentration detection (S77) described later.

  On the other hand, if there is no power output from the power receiving means 38 (No in S65), the passenger is wearing the alcohol detection unit 11, or the driver removes his / her feet from both the accelerator pedal 63 and the brake pedal during driving. It is assumed that In particular, in the latter case, it is conceivable that both pedals are switched or the foot is placed on the vehicle floor 62 by inertial running. Here, in consideration of the latter case, even if there is no power output from the power receiving means 38, it waits for a predetermined time (here, 10 seconds) (S67), and then the determination of S65 is a predetermined number of times (here, 6 times). If not (No in S69), the process returns to S65. As a result, the determination of S65 is performed every 10 seconds for 1 minute. Here, if the driver finishes stepping on both pedals or coasting within one minute and returns his foot to the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal, the result of S65 is Yes, so that the passenger detects the alcohol detection unit 11 It can be determined that there is no fraud in which the device is worn. Thereafter, the process jumps to S77. In addition, in the case of a vehicle equipped with a cruise control function, the vehicle floor 62 may continue to be traveled, so the power transmission means 53 may be arranged on the vehicle floor 62 as well. As a result, even if the foot is placed on the vehicle floor 62, the power output can be obtained from the power receiving means 38. Therefore, the result of S65 is Yes, and the process jumps to S77.

  On the other hand, if S65 is determined a predetermined number of times (Yes in S69), it can be determined that the vehicle is coasting with one foot on the vehicle floor 62 for one minute, or that the passenger is wearing the alcohol detection unit 11. . Therefore, the control circuit 39 transmits a warning signal to the vehicle control circuit so that the alcohol detector 11 is correctly attached to the driver and the position of the foot near the accelerator pedal 63 or the brake pedal is arranged (S71). . In response, the vehicle control circuit displays the warning in a vehicle meter or the like. This warning is also issued in the case of No in S53, S57, and S59.

  Thereafter, the number of warnings is incremented by one (S73), and it is determined whether or not the number of warnings exceeds a predetermined value (S75). Here, the default value is 3 times. If it exceeds the predetermined value (Yes in S75), the vehicle will continue to run regardless of repeated warnings, and will be described later in order to perform forced vehicle control. Jump to S99. On the other hand, if the number of warnings is less than the predetermined value (No in S75), only the warning is stopped, the subroutine of FIG. 6 is terminated, and the process returns to the main routine.

  Here, when the vehicle speed is 0 in S63 (Yes in S63) or when there is an output from the power receiving means 38 (Yes in S65), the control circuit 39 next drives the pump 27 (S77), Air in the vicinity of the sweat vapor inlet 15 is sucked. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a predetermined suction time has elapsed (S79). The predetermined suction time is as described in S13 of FIG. If the predetermined suction time has not elapsed (No in S79), the process returns to S79 and waits until the predetermined suction time has elapsed.

  If the predetermined suction time has elapsed (Yes in S79), then the output (pressure signal P) of the pressure sensor 29 is read (S81). Thereafter, the pump 27 is stopped (S83), and it is determined whether or not the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure (S85). The predetermined pressure is as described in S19 of FIG. If the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than the predetermined pressure (Yes in S85), there is a possibility that fraud such as closing the sweat vapor inlet 15 is performed, so that a pressure abnormality is warned with an alarm (S87). Then, a pressure abnormality warning signal to the driver is transmitted to the vehicle control circuit (S89). In response, the vehicle control circuit displays the warning in a vehicle meter or the like. Thereafter, the process jumps to S73 described above.

  On the other hand, if the pressure signal P is larger than the predetermined pressure (No in S85), since the sweat vapor near the sole can be normally introduced into the gas chamber 30, the control circuit 39 then uses the alcohol sensor 31 provided in the gas chamber 30. The alcohol concentration output Ce is read (S91), and it is determined whether the alcohol concentration output Ce is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (S93). The drinking restriction value is the same as S25 in FIG.

  If the alcohol concentration output Ce is less than the drinking regulation value (No in S93), it can be determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 has been worn by the driver without fraud, and the drinking flag is turned off. (S94), the number of warnings is cleared (S95), the subroutine of FIG. 6 is terminated, and the process returns to the main routine.

  On the other hand, if the alcohol concentration output Ce is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (Yes in S93), it can be determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 is drunk with the human body 61 attached. In this case, an alarm is given to alert that the person is drinking (S96), and the control circuit 39 transmits a drinking warning signal to the driver to the vehicle control circuit (S97). In response, the vehicle control circuit displays the warning to the driver in a vehicle meter or the like.

  Thereafter, since it is dangerous to continue driving in the drinking state, the control circuit 39 transmits a vehicle control signal to the vehicle control circuit (S99). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit, for example, controls the vehicle to forcibly decelerate or prevent a speed exceeding a certain level, and prompts the driver to safely stop the vehicle. Thereafter, the subroutine of FIG. 6 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

  To summarize this operation, the power receiving means 38 receives the power transmitted from the power transmission device 51 while driving (when the vehicle speed is not 0) in a state where the alcohol detection unit 11 is determined to be attached to the human body 61. If the output of the alcohol sensor 31 with respect to the sweat vapor sucked by the pump 27 is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value, it is determined that the driver is drinking.

  With the above configuration and operation, it is possible to detect the non-wearing of the alcohol detection unit 11, the passenger's wearing, unauthorized modification, etc., and the alcohol detection unit 11 is attached to the human body 61 and emitted from the skin of the wearing part (sole). Since the alcohol concentration in the perspired sweat is detected, it is possible to realize a drinking detection device capable of determining the driver's drinking with high accuracy.

  In the first embodiment, the alcohol sensor 31 is composed of a thin-film semiconductor element provided on a microheater. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a contact combustion type alcohol sensor may be used. This is a principle in which a catalyst is provided on a microheater, and a temperature change due to combustion of alcohol by heating the catalyst to a temperature suitable for alcohol detection is detected. This also provides a small and low power consumption alcohol sensor.

  In the first embodiment, power is supplied from the power transmission unit 53 to the power reception unit 38 of the alcohol detection unit 11 by electromagnetic induction, but this may be performed by radiated electromagnetic waves (for example, millimeter waves or microwaves). Good. Here, the power transmission means 53 is built in the vehicle floor 62. As a result, the power transmission means 53 sequentially scans the vehicle floor 62 to determine the position of the power reception means 38, so that power can be supplied more pinpointly than electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the power supply efficiency is increased and the position detection accuracy of the alcohol detection unit 11 is also improved. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether the driver has installed the alcohol detector 11 with high accuracy.

  In the first embodiment, the alcohol detector 11 is built in the shoe. However, the alcohol detector 11 may be built in the insole of the shoe. In this case, the pump 27 having a certain size is made thin by micromachine technology, and the power storage unit 45 may be a flexible thin secondary battery, for example. Thereby, alcohol detection part 11 can be attached also to shoes of various sizes and designs.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 7 is a block circuit diagram of a drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the alcohol detection unit when the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is in use. In the configuration of the drinking detection apparatus according to the second embodiment, the same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  That is, in FIG. 7, the characteristic feature of the second embodiment is that the pulse wave detecting means 71 is provided at the contact portion between the foot and the alcohol detecting unit 11 in the human body 61. In the second embodiment, the pulse wave detecting means 71 is made of a piezoelectric film, and is provided at a position corresponding to the tip of the toe in the shoe. Thereby, the pulse wave detection means 71 will contact | abut to a toe | tip part by putting on shoes. As a result, the pulse wave at the tip of the toe is detected by the pulse wave detecting means 71. Although not shown, the pulse wave output Pb of the pulse wave detector 71 is input to the control circuit 39 of the alcohol detector 11. In addition, since it is possible to wear socks when wearing shoes, the pulse wave detecting means 71 based on the optical principle cannot be applied. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the pulse wave detecting means 71 made of a piezoelectric body is used.

  Although not shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, communication with the built-in antenna 43 of the alcohol detection unit 11 is performed with the vehicle-side antenna 73 as shown in FIG. Note that the vehicle-side antenna 73 is disposed in the vicinity of the driver's seat, for example, inside the vehicle floor 62. The vehicle-side antenna 73 is connected to the vehicle control circuit 77 via the vehicle-side transmission / reception circuit 75. The vehicle control circuit 77 includes a microcomputer and peripheral circuits, and controls the entire vehicle. Driving power for the vehicle-side transmission / reception circuit 75 and the vehicle control circuit 77 is supplied from the vehicle battery 57. In addition, the vehicle control circuit 77 outputs a power transmission control signal Pcont for controlling the power transmission circuit 55 of the power transmission device 51. The configuration other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  Next, the operation of the second embodiment will be described. First, the operations when the vehicle is not used and when the vehicle is started are the same as those described with reference to FIGS. Next, the operation when the vehicle is used will be described with reference to FIG. 8 with a focus on the characteristic features of the second embodiment.

  The control circuit 39 executes the subroutine of FIG. 8 every predetermined time from the main routine (not shown) when the vehicle is used. The default time is 3 minutes as in the first embodiment.

  In the subroutine of FIG. 8, the operations from S101 to S125 are exactly the same as the operations from S51 to S75 in FIG. Here, the operation after the vehicle speed is 0 in S113 (Yes in S113) or the power output from the power receiving means 38 in S115 (Yes in S115) will be described.

When Yes in S113 or S115, the control circuit 39 reads the pulse wave output Pb of the pulse wave detecting means 71 and detects the pulse wave characteristic (S127). Next, the Lyapunov exponent λ is calculated for the obtained pulse wave characteristic f (x _i ) and stored in the memory of the control circuit 39 (S129). Here, the Lyapunov exponent λ represents the error exponential rate of increase of the function f (x _i), it shows a chaotic behavior becomes λ positive for pulse wave characteristics f (x _i). A specific expression of the Lyapunov exponent λ is expressed by, for example, (Equation 1).

When this is fitted to the pulse wave characteristics f (x _i), obtaining an extreme value when the averaged logarithmic calculating the magnitude of the pulse wave characteristics f the amount of change (x _i) (differential value) become. If λ tends to be higher than the previous value, it is considered that the degree of fatigue has increased. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the fatigue level is obtained by calculating the Lyapunov exponent λ.

  Therefore, if the current Lyapunov exponent λ calculated in S129 is higher than the previously calculated λ by a predetermined ratio or more (Yes in S131), the driver is tired, so the fatigue flag is turned on. (S133). If it has not risen above the predetermined ratio (No in S131), it is determined that the driver is not fatigued, and the fatigue flag is turned off (S135). From this, the control circuit 39 calculates the fatigue degree by the Lyapunov exponent λ, and when the fatigue degree is equal to or higher than a predetermined value, that is, when λ is higher than the predetermined value from the previous value, the driver is in a fatigue state. It is judged that it is in.

  The predetermined ratio is obtained in advance in the memory of the control circuit 39 by previously obtaining the change ratio of the Lyapunov exponent λ when the driver actually complains of fatigue. In the second embodiment, as a result of the examination, the predetermined ratio is set to about 15%. That is, if λ is 15% or more higher than the previous value, it is determined that the driver is tired.

  After S133 and S135, the control circuit 39 drives the pump 27 (S137) and sucks air in the vicinity of the sweat vapor inlet 15. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not a predetermined suction time has elapsed (S139). The predetermined suction time is as described in S13 of FIG. If the predetermined suction time has not elapsed (No in S139), the process returns to S139 and waits until the predetermined suction time has elapsed.

  If the predetermined suction time has elapsed (Yes in S139), then the output (pressure signal P) of the pressure sensor 29 is read (S141). Thereafter, the pump 27 is stopped (S143), and it is determined whether or not the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure (S145). The predetermined pressure is as described in S19 of FIG. If the pressure signal P is equal to or lower than the predetermined pressure (Yes in S145), there is a possibility that fraud such as blocking the sweat vapor inlet 15 has been performed, so a pressure abnormality is warned with an alarm (S147). Then, a pressure abnormality warning signal to the driver is transmitted to the vehicle control circuit 77 (S149). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit 77 displays the warning in a vehicle meter or the like. Thereafter, the process jumps to S123.

  On the other hand, if the pressure signal P is larger than the predetermined pressure (No in S145), since the sweat vapor near the sole can be normally introduced into the gas chamber 30, the control circuit 39 next causes the alcohol sensor 31 provided in the gas chamber 30. The alcohol concentration output Ce is read (S151), and it is determined whether the alcohol concentration output Ce is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (S153). The drinking restriction value is the same as S25 in FIG.

  If the alcohol concentration output Ce is less than the drinking regulation value (No in S153), it can be determined that the alcohol detection unit 11 has been installed by the driver without fraud, and that the alcohol has not been drunk. Is determined (S155). If the fatigue flag is on (Yes in S155), the driver is not drinking but is in a tired state, so the control circuit 39 transmits a fatigue warning signal to the driver to the vehicle control circuit 77. (S157). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit 77 displays the warning in the vehicle meter or the like to the driver. Thereafter, the process jumps to S123 to perform the operation after adding the number of warnings. As described above, in the second embodiment, even if the person is not drinking, a warning is given if the person is in a fatigued state, and if the warning is received for a predetermined number of times or more, the vehicle is controlled to promote a safe stop. The details of this operation are the same as in the first embodiment. At this time, if the pulse wave is pathologically abnormal, it is considered that the driver has caused a seizure or the like, and therefore control may be performed to automatically report from the vehicle to the emergency facility.

  On the other hand, if the fatigue flag is not on (No in S155), the driver is in a normal state where he is not drinking and is not fatigued. Therefore, the drinking flag is turned off (S159), the number of warnings is cleared (S161), the subroutine of FIG. 8 is terminated, and the process returns to the main routine.

  Here, returning to S153, if the alcohol concentration output Ce is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value (Yes in S153), it can be determined that alcohol is being drunk while the alcohol detector 11 is attached to the human body 61. In this case, an alarm is given to alert that the person is drinking (S163). Next, the state of the fatigue flag is determined (S165). If the fatigue flag is not on (No in S165), it is considered that the person who is drinking has a low degree of fatigue. In general, it is considered that as the amount of drinking increases, the burden on the human body 61 increases and the degree of fatigue increases. Therefore, in the case of No in S165, although the amount of drinking is small, the amount of drinking is not so much. It can be estimated that there is not much. Therefore, the control circuit 39 transmits a drunk warning signal to the driver to the vehicle control circuit 77 as in S97 of FIG. 6 (S167). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit 77 displays the warning in the vehicle meter or the like to the driver. Thereafter, the process jumps to S171.

  On the other hand, if the fatigue flag is on (Yes in S165), it is considered that the driver is drinking and is also fatigued. From this, since it is estimated that the driver is in a strong drinking state, the control circuit 39 transmits a signal warning the driver of strong drinking to the vehicle control circuit 77 (S169). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit 77 displays the warning in a vehicle meter or the like to the driver, and warns the driver that the person is in a strong drinking state with light or sound. By detecting the degree of fatigue in this way, the intensity of drinking can be estimated to some extent, and a warning corresponding to it can be issued. Although the degree of drinking can be estimated from the output of the alcohol sensor 31, in the second embodiment, the accuracy of estimation is further improved by taking the degree of fatigue into consideration. However, as is clear from the above operation, the determination of drinking is made based on the output of the alcohol sensor 31 and the degree of fatigue is positioned as a means for estimating the degree of drinking.

  After that, even in the state of S167 (light drinking state) or in the state of S169 (strong drinking state), it is dangerous to continue driving in the drinking state, so the control circuit 39 sends a vehicle control signal. The data is transmitted to the vehicle control circuit 77 (S171). In response to this, the vehicle control circuit 77 controls the vehicle to forcibly decelerate or prevent a speed exceeding a certain level, for example, and prompts the driver to safely stop the vehicle. Thereafter, the subroutine of FIG. 8 is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

  To summarize this operation, in addition to the operation of the first embodiment, the fatigue level is calculated from the pulse wave characteristics, and if the fatigue level is equal to or higher than the predetermined value and the output of the alcohol sensor 31 is equal to or higher than the drinking restriction value, This means that the driver determines that he is in a strong drinking state. In addition, a fatigue warning is given if the degree of fatigue exceeds a predetermined value even in a non-drinking state.

  Due to the above configuration and operation, the pulse detector 71 is provided in the alcohol detection unit 11 and the configuration for obtaining the fatigue level is added to the alcohol detection unit 11, so that it is possible to determine drinking with high accuracy in consideration of the driver's fatigue level. A drinking detection device can be realized.

  In the second embodiment, the Lyapunov exponent λ is used as an indicator of the degree of fatigue. For example, information corresponding to the heart rate and blood pressure is obtained from the pulse wave obtained by the pulse wave detecting means 71, and the blood pressure − A maximum cross-correlation coefficient ρmax between heart rates may be obtained. As a result, the maximum cross-correlation coefficient ρmax between blood pressure and heart rate decreases due to the increase in blood pressure and heart rate due to drinking, the effects of motion sickness, etc., and thus information according to the degree of drinking and the degree of fatigue can be obtained. In order to obtain the heart rate from the pulse wave, the pulse wave rising time interval FFI is obtained and 60 is divided by FFI. In order to obtain information corresponding to blood pressure, for example, a normalized intra-pulse integral value NPW obtained by integrating the pulse wave characteristics in one heartbeat and dividing by the FFI may be obtained. Since the normalized intra-pulse integral value NPW has a negative proportional relationship with blood pressure, information corresponding to blood pressure can be obtained from the NPW. The blood pressure equivalent information can also be obtained from the pulse wave propagation time and the time difference between the pulse wave peaks.

  In the second embodiment, the pulse wave detecting means 71 is used for detecting the degree of fatigue, but instead of this, the line-of-sight detecting means 79 shown in FIG. 7 may be used. The line-of-sight detection means 79 is, for example, installed on the dashboard of the driver's seat and can be applied to a vehicle interior camera that detects the line of sight of the driver. The line-of-sight detection means 79 is connected to the vehicle control circuit 77 and outputs the driver's line-of-sight signal Veey.

In this configuration, the vehicle control circuit 77 detects the driver's line-of-sight movement characteristic instead of the pulse wave characteristic. This is based on the change in the line-of-sight movement characteristic according to the driver's fatigue level. The degree of fatigue is calculated, for example, by determining the Lyapunov exponent λ from (Equation 1), where the obtained line-of-sight movement characteristic is f (x _i ). However, in this case, since the fatigue level cannot be obtained by the control circuit 39 of the alcohol detection unit 11, the result of the fatigue level obtained by the vehicle control circuit 77 is used as the vehicle side transmission / reception circuit 75, the vehicle side antenna 73, and the built-in antenna. 43 and the transmission / reception circuit 41 to transmit to the control circuit 39 of the alcohol detector 11.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is not necessary to incorporate the pulse wave detection means 71 in the alcohol detector 11, and the structure of the alcohol detector 11 can be simplified.

  Furthermore, instead of the line-of-sight detection means 79, a weight sensor 83 may be provided in the driver's seat 81. As the weight sensor 83, for example, a load sensor that detects the weight as strain can be applied. In FIG. 7, weight sensors 83 are provided at the four corners of the driver's seat 81, and the respective weight change characteristics at the four corners of the driver's seat 81 due to the driving operation of the driver are detected. Since the four weight sensors 83 are all connected to the vehicle control circuit 77, the output of each weight sensor 83 is input to the vehicle control circuit 77 as a weight signal Wi (i = 1 to 4).

In this configuration, the vehicle control circuit 77 detects the weight change characteristic of the driver seat 81. This is based on the fact that the motion of the center of gravity applied to the driver's seat 81 changes due to the change in the response of the driving operation or the like according to the driver's fatigue level, and as a result, the weight characteristic changes. The degree of fatigue is calculated, for example, by determining the Lyapunov exponent λ by (Equation 1) using the obtained weight change characteristic as f (x _i ). However, in this case as well, as in the case of the line-of-sight movement characteristic detection, since the fatigue level cannot be obtained by the control circuit 39 of the alcohol detection unit 11, the result of the fatigue level obtained by the vehicle control circuit 77 is the alcohol detection unit. 11 to the control circuit 39.

  Even with such a configuration, it is not necessary to incorporate the pulse wave detection means 71 in the alcohol detection unit 11, and the structure of the alcohol detection unit 11 can be simplified. Furthermore, if the output of the weight sensor of the driver's seat 81 used for the smart airbag or the like is used, it is not necessary to newly provide the weight sensor 83. Although the number of weight sensors 83 is four, this may be a structure that can detect a change in the movement of the center of gravity applied to the driver's seat 81 with a small number.

  The degree of fatigue can be detected by using at least one of the pulse wave detection means 71, the line-of-sight detection means 79, and the weight sensor 83 described above, but a plurality of these may be used in combination. In this case, the detection accuracy of the fatigue level can be improved.

  Moreover, as another fatigue level detection means, it is good also as a structure using a voice characteristic etc., for example.

  Moreover, although the drinking detection apparatus described in Embodiments 1 and 2 has been described mainly for automobiles, this has a profound effect on drinking, such as railway vehicles, aircraft, ships, construction machinery, and plant operation units. It may be applied to the field of effect.

  Since the drinking detection device according to the present invention can determine with high accuracy that the driver is drinking, the drinking detection management device for private cars that are not particularly strictly controlled for drinking detection and have a large number of drivers, etc. Useful as.

It is sectional drawing of the alcohol detection part of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention, (a) is whole sectional drawing, (b) is an expanded sectional view in the shoe sole of the part which the tip of a sole contacts. Block diagram of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of the present invention Schematic diagram of power supply when using the vehicle of the drinking detection apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the alcohol detection part at the time of the vehicle non-use of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the alcohol detection part at the time of vehicle starting of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the alcohol detection part at the time of vehicle use of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. Block circuit diagram of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 2 of the present invention The flowchart which shows operation | movement of the alcohol detection part at the time of vehicle use of the drinking detection apparatus in Embodiment 2 of this invention. Schematic configuration diagram of a conventional drinking detection device

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Alcohol detection part 15 Sweat vapor inlet 17 Moisture permeable film 19 Wearing detection switch 21 Temperature / humidity sensor 27 Pump 29 Pressure sensor 31 Alcohol sensor 38 Power receiving means 39 Control circuit 41 Transmission / reception circuit 45 Power storage part 47 Charging circuit 51 Power transmission apparatus 53 Power transmission means 55 Power transmission circuit 57 Vehicle battery 61 Human body 62 Vehicle floor 63 Accelerator pedal 71 Pulse wave detection means 77 Vehicle control circuit 79 Line of sight detection means 81 Driver's seat 83 Weight sensor

Claims (22)

A sweat vapor inlet that is disposed so as to contact a part of the foot of the human body and takes in the sweat vapor of the foot;
A moisture permeable membrane disposed at the sweat vapor inlet;
A pump having an intake side connected to the sweat vapor inlet;
An alcohol sensor provided on the exhaust side of the pump;
A wearing detection switch arranged to contact a part of the sole;
A transmission / reception circuit for communicating with the vehicle;
A control circuit to which the pump, an alcohol sensor, a mounting detection switch, and a transmission / reception circuit are connected;
A power storage unit connected to the control circuit and the transmission / reception circuit and supplying power to each of the control circuit and the transmission / reception circuit;
A charging circuit connected to the power storage unit and the control circuit;
A power receiving means connected to the charging circuit;
An alcohol detection unit that is attached to the foot,
And power transmission means for transmitting power only when the power reception means is in the vicinity of the driver's seat;
A power transmission circuit connected to the power transmission means;
A power transmission device comprising a vehicle battery connected to supply power to the power transmission circuit;
Composed of
The control circuit determines that the alcohol detection unit is attached to the foot when the attachment detection switch is on,
In this state, the power receiving means receives power transmitted from the power transmission device,
And if the output of the said alcohol sensor with respect to the said sweat vapor suck | inhaled with the said pump is more than a drinking restriction value, it will be judged that the driver | operator is drinking. A temperature sensor connected to the control circuit is arranged so as to contact a part of the sole,
In the control circuit, the wearing detection switch is on,
The drinking detection device according to claim 1, wherein when the temperature output of the temperature sensor is within a predetermined temperature range, the alcohol detection unit is determined to be attached to the foot. A humidity sensor connected to the control circuit is arranged so as to abut on a part of the sole,
In the control circuit, the wearing detection switch is on,
The drinking detection device according to claim 1, wherein when the humidity output of the humidity sensor is within a predetermined humidity range, the alcohol detection unit is determined to be attached to the foot. A pressure sensor connected to the control circuit is provided between the sweat vapor inlet and the pump,
The drinking control device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit determines that the moisture permeable membrane is blocked when a pressure output of the pressure sensor during operation of the pump is equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure. The drinking control device according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit sets an output of the alcohol sensor when the alcohol detection unit is removed from the foot as an alcohol non-detection value. The alcohol detection device according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol detection unit has functions of unlocking and locking a vehicle. The alcohol detection device according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol detection unit is built in a shoe. The alcohol detection device according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol detection unit is built in a shoe insole. The drinking detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power reception unit and the power transmission unit are formed of coils and are configured to supply power by electromagnetic induction. The drinking detection device according to claim 9, wherein the power transmission means is built in at least one of an accelerator pedal and a brake pedal. The drinking detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein power supply from the power transmission unit to the power reception unit is performed by radiated electromagnetic waves. The drinking detection apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the power transmission unit is built in a vehicle floor of the driver seat. The alcohol detection device according to claim 1, wherein the alcohol sensor is a thin film semiconductor element provided on a microheater. The drinking control apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the control circuit detects an alcohol concentration by passing a pulse current through the micro heater. The drinking control apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the control circuit allows the pulse current to flow before detecting the alcohol concentration. The alcohol detection device according to claim 13, wherein the alcohol sensor includes a plurality of the semiconductor elements. The drinking control apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the control circuit sequentially switches the plurality of semiconductor elements each time the alcohol concentration is detected. A pulse wave detection means is provided at a contact portion of the alcohol detection unit with the foot, and the control circuit detects a pulse wave characteristic from the pulse wave detection means when determining drinking, and calculates a fatigue level from the pulse wave characteristic. The driver according to claim 1, wherein if the fatigue level is equal to or greater than a predetermined value and the output of the alcohol sensor is equal to or greater than the drinking limit value, the driver determines that the driver is in a severe drinking state. Alcohol detection device. The alcohol detection device according to claim 18, wherein the pulse wave detection means is made of a piezoelectric body disposed on a toe portion. In place of the pulse wave detection means, the driver's gaze detection means is provided on the dashboard of the driver's seat, and the gaze detection means is connected to a vehicle control circuit,
19. The drinking according to claim 18, wherein the vehicle control circuit detects a line-of-sight movement characteristic from the line-of-sight detection means, calculates the fatigue level from the line-of-sight movement characteristic, and transmits the result to the alcohol detection unit. Detection device. A weight sensor is provided in the driver's seat instead of the line-of-sight detection means, and the vehicle control circuit detects a weight change characteristic from the weight sensor and calculates the fatigue degree from the weight change characteristic. 20. A drinking detection apparatus according to 20. The drinking detection apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the fatigue level is obtained by calculating a Lyapunov exponent.

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