JP2009075621A - Anti-glare film - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an anti-glare film, achieving compatibility between contrast and anti-glare property. <P>SOLUTION: This anti-glare film includes a base material and at least one anti-glare layer provided on the base material, wherein the anti-glare layer is formed to have a film thickness ranging from the mean particle diameter of fine particles to three times as large as the mean particle diameter of fine particles by applying a coating composition containing resin, a solvent and fine particles on the base material, drying the coating composition coated on the base material, forming a Benard cell structure on the surface of the coating layer due to convection caused during volatilization of the solvent, and curing the resin contained in the formed coating composition of the Benard cell structure. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an antiglare film. Specifically, the present invention relates to an antiglare film used for a display surface of a display device such as a liquid crystal display device.

  In a display device such as a liquid crystal display device, an anti-glare film is provided on the display surface side, and the light is diffused by this film to provide anti-glare properties or reduce reflection due to surface reflection. Technology is adopted. Conventional anti-glare films impart anti-glare properties due to the fine unevenness provided on the surface.

  In FIG. 8, the structure of the conventional anti-glare film 101 is shown. The antiglare film 101 includes a base material 111 and an antiglare layer 112 provided on the base material 111. The antiglare layer 112 is made of a resin including fine particles 113 made of amorphous silica or resin beads, and the fine irregularities are formed on the surface by projecting the fine particles 113 from the surface of the antiglare layer 112. . The antiglare film 101 is formed by applying a paint containing fine particles 112, a resin, a solvent, and the like onto the substrate 111 and drying the paint.

  As described above, the method of applying the coating material to which the fine particles 113 are added to the base material is a widely used manufacturing method because it is inexpensive and has high productivity. However, although this anti-glare film 1 has anti-glare properties, the projections of the fine particles 113 form irregularities on the surface, so that the protrusions of the fine particles 113 increase the haze value (haze value). As a result, the image becomes whitish, the contrast is lowered, and the image definition is also lowered.

  Further, since the antiglare film is located on the outermost surface on the display surface side of the liquid crystal display device, it is necessary to have hardness as a hard coat. Therefore, a thickness of about several μm to several tens of μm is necessary so as not to be affected by the base material 111. In order to form the protrusions of the fine particles 113 on the surface of the antiglare layer 112 having this thickness, fine particles having a particle size similar to the film thickness must be added. As a result, the surface of the anti-glare layer 112 has a problem of causing glare (scintillation) to increase, and the visibility of the display surface is lowered.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, the contrast can be increased by reducing the filling rate of the fine particles 113 in the antiglare layer 112 and increasing the period of irregularities on the surface of the antiglare layer 112. However, if an uneven period on the surface of the antiglare layer 112 is lengthened to make a gentle uneven shape in this way, a flat portion is formed between the protrusions of the fine particles 113, so that the antiglare property is reduced. End up.

  Thus, antiglare property and contrast are contradictory properties, and it is difficult to satisfy both properties at the same time. For this reason, in order to achieve both antiglare properties and contrast and improve scintillation, a method for controlling the uneven shape of the surface of the antiglare layer by means of shape transfer has been proposed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 below describes a method of creating a shaped film having a desired concavo-convex shape using an excimer laser processing apparatus. Patent Document 2 below describes a method for producing a shaped film in which a resin is coated on matted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the surface has a desired uneven shape. The antiglare film is formed using the shaped film thus prepared, and the desired unevenness is shaped and transferred to the ultraviolet curable resin applied on the base material, and after the shaped film is peeled off, the ultraviolet curable film is cured. It is produced by doing.

JP 2003-107205 A

JP 2006-154838 A

  However, in the method of creating a shaped film by laser processing as described in Patent Document 1, it is particularly expensive to process a large area such as a television, and it is difficult to maintain processing accuracy over the entire area. is there. Furthermore, since the antiglare film is itself produced by a mold transfer process, an ultraviolet curable resin is put into a mold and cured and then peeled off, so that it is difficult to increase the line speed and is inferior in mass productivity.

  On the other hand, the method of applying the coating material added with fine particles to the substrate is a method that is inexpensive and has good productivity as described above, but it is possible to obtain an antiglare film that satisfies both the antiglare property and the contrast. Have difficulty. In order to solve the problem of contrast and glare, it is only necessary to cover the projections of the fine particles with a resin and flatten the surface of the antiglare layer, but this time, the reflection cannot be prevented and the antiglare property is lowered. That is, it has been difficult to achieve both antiglare property and contrast by controlling the fine uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare layer.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an antiglare film capable of achieving both antiglare property and contrast.

  As a result of earnestly studying a method for producing an antiglare film having both antiglare properties and contrast by applying a paint to which a fine particle is added to a substrate, the present inventors have found that the antiglare layer surface has Instead of light scattering by protruding individual fine particles, Marangoni convection due to uneven distribution of surface tension (uneven surface tension) generated when the solvent contained in the paint volatilizes, and Benard cell structure is created by convection generated in the paint. It was found that an antiglare film having both antiglare properties and contrast can be obtained by forming a gentle undulation on the surface of the antiglare layer by the liquid resin meniscus formed in the Benard cell. It was.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
A substrate;
Provided with at least one antiglare layer provided on the substrate,
The antiglare layer is a coating layer that is applied by convection that occurs when the solvent is volatilized by coating a coating material containing at least a resin, a solvent, and fine particles on the substrate, drying the coating material coated on the substrate. Anti-glare formed on the surface by forming a Benard cell structure and curing the resin contained in the paint having the Benard cell structure to a film thickness not less than the average particle diameter of the fine particles and not more than three times the average particle diameter of the fine particles It is a sex film.

  In this invention, by forming a Benard cell with fine particles gathered in a planar shape, the surface of the antiglare layer is made into a fine undulation shape with gentle undulations, thereby making it possible to suppress the cloudiness while diffusing light.

  When the difference between the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface tension is small, the fine particles are severely agglomerated during drying to form a three-dimensionally agglomerated surface, resulting in a high-glare, low-contrast film with glare. As the difference becomes larger, Benard cells with fine particles arranged in a plane form after drying. A gentle undulation can be formed to produce a low-glare, high-contrast film. When the difference is further increased, Benard cells are hardly formed on the dried surface, resulting in a film having a flat portion and a low antiglare property. In order to develop anti-glare properties in this relation, it is necessary to apply thinner than the particle diameter and to add a large amount of fine particles in order to eliminate the flat part, so that the film becomes cloudy and low in contrast. In this way, by combining the kind of fine particles and the kind of solvent so that the difference between the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface tension is within a certain range, the fine particles can be appropriately aggregated in a planar shape to form a gentle swell.

  According to this invention, an antiglare film having excellent anti-glare properties while having antiglare properties can be produced by forming Benard cells on the surface of the antiglare layer. In addition, according to the present invention, an anti-glare film having both anti-glare properties and contrast can be produced by a method of applying a paint to a base material. A dazzling film can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In all the drawings of the following embodiments, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

(1) First Embodiment (1-1) Configuration of Liquid Crystal Display Device FIG. 1 shows an example of the configuration of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal panel 2 and a light source 3 provided immediately below the liquid crystal panel 2. The liquid crystal panel 2 includes an antiglare film 1 on the display surface side. .

  The light source 3 is for supplying light to the liquid crystal panel 4 and includes, for example, a fluorescent lamp (FL), an EL (Electro Luminescence), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or the like. The liquid crystal panel 2 is for displaying information by temporally and spatially modulating the light supplied from the light source 3. Polarizers 2 a and 2 b are provided on both surfaces of the liquid crystal panel 2. The polarizing plate 2a and the polarizing plate 2b allow only one of the orthogonally polarized components of incident light to pass therethrough and shield the other by absorption. The polarizing plate 2a and the polarizing plate 2b are provided, for example, so that the transmission axes are orthogonal to each other.

(1-2) Configuration of Antiglare Film FIG. 2 shows an example of the configuration of the antiglare film 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the antiglare film 1 includes a base material 11 and an antiglare layer 12 provided on the base material 11. The antiglare layer 12 includes fine particles 13, on the surface of which a Benard cell is formed by convection generated in the paint during the drying process of the paint, and a fine uneven shape formed by moderate aggregation of the fine particles 13 is provided.

  In this antiglare film 1, the white turbidity obtained by pasting black glass on the back surface of the antiglare film 1, irradiating the surface of the antiglare layer 12 with diffused light, and quantifying the diffuse reflection component is 2.0 or less. It is. This is because a decrease in contrast can be suppressed when the turbidity is 2.0 or less.

  When non-polar styrene fine particles mainly composed of styrene are used as the fine particles 13, it is preferable to use a solvent having a surface tension of 23 mN / m or less. This is because it is possible to obtain a surface property with low white turbidity while maintaining antiglare properties. When acrylic / styrene fine particles mainly composed of an acrylic / styrene copolymer obtained by adding an acrylic component to styrene are used, the surface tension is generally higher than the surface tension (23 mN / m). Even if an aromatic, ketone or ester solvent is used, the desired surface properties can be obtained.

  In this antiglare film 1, the white turbidity obtained by laminating a black acrylic plate on the back surface of the antiglare film 1, irradiating the surface of the antiglare layer 12 with diffused light, and quantifying the diffuse reflection component is 1.7. It is as follows. This is because a decrease in contrast can be suppressed when the turbidity is 1.7 or less.

  The cloudiness is felt by detecting reflected light diffused on the surface of the antiglare layer. Here, for example, a commercially available spectrocolorimeter such as an integrating sphere spectrocolorimeter SP64 (manufactured by X-Rite) was used, and the above phenomenon was simulated and the quantified value was defined as turbidity.

(Base material)
As a material of the base material 11, for example, a plastic film having transparency can be used. As the transparent plastic film, for example, a known polymer film can be used. Specific examples of the known polymer film include triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyester (TPEE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyamide (PA), aramid, polyethylene (PE), poly Examples include acrylate (PAR), polyether sulfone, polysulfone, diacetyl cellulose, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride, acrylic resin (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), epoxy resin, urea resin, urethane resin, and melamine resin. These known polymer films can be appropriately selected and used. The thickness of the substrate 11 is preferably 38 μm to 100 μm from the viewpoint of productivity, but is not particularly limited to this range.

(Anti-glare layer)
The average film thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably not less than the average particle size of the fine particles 13 and not more than 3 times the average particle size of the fine particles 13. Specifically, the average film thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably not less than the average particle size of the fine particles 13 and not more than 30 μm, and more preferably not less than the average particle size of the fine particles 13 and not more than 15 μm. When the average film thickness is less than the average particle diameter of the fine particles 13, the turbidity increases, and when the average film thickness exceeds 3 times the average particle diameter of the fine particles 13, the resin may curl in the process of curing the resin during production. Because there is.

  A fine uneven shape is formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12. Unlike the unevenness formed by the fine particles 13 protruding from the anti-glare layer 12 as in the prior art, this fine uneven shape is a process in which a coating containing the fine particles 13 is applied onto the substrate 11 and dried. It is provided by forming a Benard cell on the surface of the coating film by convection generated in the paint. The uneven shape is preferably a gentle uneven shape with a long cycle. For example, the plurality of fine particles 13 collide moderately in the in-plane direction due to convection generated in the paint, and as drying progresses, the particles mainly aggregate in the in-plane direction. It is preferable to form convex portions on the surface of the antiglare layer. Moreover, it is preferable that the fine particles 13 protrude from the antiglare layer 12 and the surface of the fine particles 13 is not exposed. This is because when the surface of the fine particles 13 is exposed, a fine concavo-convex shape including a steep angle component is formed by the steep gradient portion of the fine particles 13, and light is diffused over a wide angle, so that the display screen becomes clouded.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the root mean square slope. The root mean square roughness RΔq of the roughness curve, which is a parameter indicating the surface roughness, is a parameter obtained by averaging slopes in a minute range, and is represented by the following formula (1).
RΔq (or Rdq): root mean square of local slope dz / dx at root mean square slope reference length of roughness curve

  The root mean square roughness RΔq, which is a parameter indicating the surface roughness, of the antiglare layer 12 is preferably 0.003 to 0.05 μm. This is because when RΔq is smaller than 0.003 μm, the antiglare property cannot be obtained, and when RΔq is larger than 0.05 μm, the cloudiness is increased and the contrast is lowered. The measurement condition of the root mean square roughness RΔq is determined according to JIS B0601: 2001. Thus, since the root mean square slope RΔq and the optical properties (contrast (white turbidity) and anti-glare property) are correlated, the contrast and anti-glare property are satisfied when the root mean square slope RΔq satisfies the above range. And both.

  The fine particles 13 are, for example, spherical or flat fine particles such as inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles. The average particle diameter of the fine particles 13 is preferably about 5 nm to about 15 μm. When the thickness is smaller than 5 nm, the surface of the antiglare layer 12 becomes too fine and inferior in the antiglare property. When the thickness is larger than 15 μm, the film thickness of the antiglare layer 12 is increased, so that the resin is cured during production. This is because there is a case of curling. The average particle diameter of the fine particles 13 can be obtained by, for example, measuring the particle diameter with a Coulter Multisizer and averaging the obtained data.

  As the organic fine particles, for example, fine particles mainly containing styrene (PS), an acrylic-styrene copolymer or the like can be used. The organic fine particles are not particularly limited to cross-linking or non-cross-linking, and any organic fine particles can be used as long as they are made of plastic. When a slightly polar fine particle 13 such as an acrylic resin is used as the fine particle 13, the convection in the coating material and the aggregation of the fine particle 13 are slightly reduced. In order to improve it, a solvent having a high surface tension must be used, but such a solvent has a high boiling point and the coating film is difficult to dry. Therefore, it is more preferable to use nonpolar fine particles 13 such as styrene. Further, the fine particles 13 made of an acrylic / styrene copolymer are particularly preferable because the surface energy can be changed by changing the composition ratio of acrylic and styrene at the time of synthesis, and the range of choices of solvents that can be used is widened.

  The acrylic / styrene copolymer is preferably composed of 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less of a styrene component and 10% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of an acrylic component. When the acrylic component is less than 10% by mass, the fine particles 13 are three-dimensionally aggregated in the drying process described later, and the white turbidity of the antiglare film 1 is increased. There is a tendency to be unable to balance with sex. When the acrylic component exceeds 40% by mass, Benard cells are not formed in the drying step described later, the antiglare property is lowered, and there is a tendency that contrast and antiglare properties cannot be achieved at the same time as conventional antiglare films. .

  As the inorganic fine particles, for example, regular silica, alumina or the like can be used. It is preferable to change the surface polarity of these inorganic fine particles to the nonpolar side by treating with an organic substance. This is because by adjusting the degree of nonpolarity, convection and agglomeration of the fine particles 13 are appropriately generated, and a desired Benard cell is formed.

  The filling rate of the fine particles 13 is preferably 4% or more and 10% or less. When the filling rate is less than 4%, there is a tendency that flat portions increase on the surface of the antiglare layer and the antiglare property does not appear. When the filling rate exceeds 10%, the dependency on the antiglare degree due to the coating thickness decreases. However, it tends to be difficult to control the antiglare property by adjusting the coating thickness. The filling rate is the ratio (B / A × 100) of the fine particle content B to the resin content A included in the antiglare property.

  The anti-glare film 1 according to the first embodiment has a fine uneven shape of continuous and gentle undulations on the surface of the anti-glare layer 12 due to the Benard cell structure, so that the light is spread over a wide angle while maintaining the anti-glare property. It is possible to suppress the display screen from becoming clouded by suppressing diffusion.

(1-2) Manufacturing method of anti-glare film Next, an example of the manufacturing method of the anti-glare film 1 which has the above-mentioned composition is explained. In the method for producing the antiglare film 1, a coating material containing fine particles 13, a resin, and a solvent is applied on a substrate 11, and convection is generated in the process of drying the solvent, thereby forming a coating film surface. After the Benard cell is formed, it is cured.

(Paint preparation)
First, for example, resin, fine particles 13 and a solvent are mixed with a stirrer such as a disperser or a disperser such as a bead mill to obtain a paint in which the fine particles 13 are dispersed. At this time, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant and the like may be further added as necessary. Further, silica fine particles or the like may be further added as a viscosity modifier.

  As the solvent, for example, an organic solvent that dissolves the resin raw material to be used, has good wettability with the fine particles 13, and does not whiten the substrate can be used. As described above, in order to form a Benard cell by the fine particles 13 arranged in a plane, a solvent having a surface tension that matches the surface energy of the fine particles 13 to be used is selected. The difference between the surface energy of the organic fine particles and the surface tension of the solvent is preferably 8 mN / m or more and 13 mN / m or less. If the difference in surface tension is less than 8 mN / m, the fine particles 13 tend to agglomerate three-dimensionally and tend to become a large surface with a turbid white turbidity. If the difference in surface tension exceeds 13 mN / m, the fine particles 13 This is because 13 does not aggregate and tends to be a surface having a small antiglare property. For example, when styrene fine particles are used as the organic fine particles, it is preferable to use those having a surface tension of 23 mN / m or less at the coating temperature. This is because Benard cells can be formed reasonably when the paint is dried, and a smooth swell can be obtained on the surface of the antiglare layer 12. When the surface tension exceeds the above range, the fine particles 13 are agglomerated and the unevenness formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 becomes large. Therefore, although the antiglare property is excellent, the surface becomes cloudy and has a glaring surface. Examples of such an organic solvent include tertiary butanol having a surface tension of 20.0 mN / m at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. and 22.1 mN / m of isopropyl acetate at an environmental condition of 22 ° C. If fine particles made of an acrylic / styrene copolymer having a large surface energy are used, ester solvents such as butyl acetate (surface tension 24.8 mN / m) having a higher surface tension, methyl isobutyl ketone (surface tension 25.4 mN) Many organic solvents such as ketone solvents such as / m) and aromatic solvents such as toluene (surface tension 27.9 mN / m) can be used. Note that the material is not particularly limited as long as the above requirements are satisfied.

  The surface tension of the solvent can be calculated, for example, by the wilhelmy method by contacting the wilhelmy plate with the liquid sample to give a strain and measuring the force to pull the wilhelmy plate into the liquid. For example, Leosurf, which is a dynamic surface tension measuring device manufactured by UBM Co., Ltd., can be used as the measuring device.

  From the viewpoint of ease of production, the resin is preferably, for example, an ionizing radiation curable resin that is cured by ultraviolet rays or electron beams, or a thermosetting resin that is cured by heat, and is most preferably a photosensitive resin that can be cured by ultraviolet rays. As such a photosensitive resin, for example, acrylate resins such as urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, polyester acrylate, polyol acrylate, polyether acrylate, and melamine acrylate can be used. As the characteristics after curing, those having excellent translucency from the viewpoint of image transparency and those having high hardness from the viewpoint of scratch resistance are particularly preferred and can be appropriately selected. The ionizing radiation curable resin is not particularly limited to the ultraviolet curable resin and can be used as long as it has translucency. However, the hue of transmitted light and the amount of transmitted light are notable due to coloring and haze. Those that do not change are preferred. The ionizing radiation curable resin and the thermosetting resin may be used alone or in combination.

  Such a photosensitive resin is obtained by blending a photopolymerization initiator with an organic material such as a monomer, oligomer, or polymer that can form a resin. For example, a urethane acrylate resin is obtained by reacting a polyester polyol with an isocyanate monomer or a prepolymer, and reacting the resulting product with an acrylate or methacrylate monomer having a hydroxyl group.

  In 1st Embodiment of this invention, it is preferable to use at least 1 sort (s) of the monomer, oligomer, and polymer which are liquid even if it dries, as the monomer, oligomer, and polymer which can form resin. Monomers, oligomers, and polymers that are liquid even after drying are relatively viscous, which maintain a Benard cell structure on the surface of the paint after drying and can form a meniscus from the resin liquid in the Benard cell. Those having high properties are preferred. This is because even after the coating film is dried, a smooth uneven shape can be maintained on the surface.

  As the photopolymerization initiator contained in the photosensitive resin, for example, a benzophenone derivative, an acetophenone derivative, an anthraquinone derivative, or the like can be used alone or in combination. In this photosensitive resin, a component for improving film formation, for example, an acrylic resin may be further appropriately selected and blended.

(Coating)
Next, the coating material obtained as described above is filtered through a filter having pores having an average particle size of about 2 times and coated on the substrate 11. The paint is applied such that the average film thickness after drying is preferably 3 to 30 μm, more preferably 4 to 15 μm. When the film thickness is thinner than this numerical range, it is difficult to obtain a desired hardness, and when it is thicker than this numerical range, it may curl greatly when the resin is cured. The coating method is not particularly limited, and a known coating method can be used. Examples of known coating methods include gravure coaters, bar coaters, die coaters, knife coaters, comma coaters, spray coaters, curtain coaters, and the like. In addition, the coating method is not limited to these, What is necessary is just the method which can apply | coat the predetermined amount of thickness uniformly.

(Drying / Benard cell formation)
After coating the paint, the solvent is volatilized by drying. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the Marangoni convection due to the non-uniform distribution of the surface tension generated when the solvent is volatilized is used, and the collision and aggregation of the fine particles 13 are caused appropriately by the convection in the paint, and the surface of the coating layer To form a Benard cell structure. Then, gentle undulations and fine irregularities are formed on the surface of the coating film by the liquid resin meniscus formed in the Benard cell.

  When the paint is dried, the fine particles 13 are mainly aggregated in the in-plane direction of the antiglare layer 12 to form a two-dimensional aggregate, and the aggregate is allowed to exist on the surface of the antiglare layer without being gathered. preferable. By doing in this way, the continuous uneven | corrugated fine uneven | corrugated shape can be formed in the glare-proof layer surface, and it can make anti-glare property and contrast compatible. Here, “the fine particles 13 mainly aggregate in the in-plane direction of the anti-glare layer 12” means that (1) all the fine particles 13 aggregate only in the in-plane direction without overlapping the thickness direction of the anti-glare layer 12. Or (2) agglomerate most of the fine particles 13 in the in-plane direction and cause the remaining fine particles 13 to increase in white turbidity (a black acrylic plate is bonded to the back surface of the anti-glare film 1) In the range where the measured turbidity does not exceed 1.7). Ideally, all of the fine particles 13 form a two-dimensional aggregate, but some fine particles 13 do not become aggregates and are isolated so long as the white turbidity is not increased. May exist.

  Further, on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, it is preferable to cover the aggregate composed of the fine particles 13 with a paint. By covering the aggregates in this way, the fine particles 13 protrude from the anti-glare layer 12, and a high-angle component composed of the curvature of the fine particles themselves is formed on the surface, and the increase in white turbidity can be suppressed. Here, “covering the aggregate with the paint” means (1) completely covering the aggregate with the paint, or (2) causing an increase in white turbidity (the back surface of the antiglare film 1 on the black acrylic plate). In other words, only a part of the fine particles 13 forming the aggregate is exposed without being covered with the paint within a range in which the white turbidity measured by being bonded to the surface does not exceed 1.7).

  It is considered that the relationship between the surface energy of the fine particles 13 and the surface tension of the solvent affects the formation of the Benard cell structure. Therefore, in order to control the Benard cell structure, it is preferable to adjust the surface tension of the solvent according to the surface energy of the fine particles 13. For example, when an appropriate amount of styrene fine particles 13 having a non-polar surface is added, the surface tension of the solvent is preferably adjusted to 23 mN / m or less. This is because if the surface tension is greater than 23 mN / m, the fine particles 13 are agglomerated and large irregularities are formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, resulting in a cloudy and glaring surface. However, when the styrene fine particles 13 are used, usable solvents are limited, and aromatic solvents such as ketone solvents and toluene cannot be used. Therefore, a solvent such as toluene can be used by using acrylic / styrene copolymer fine particles synthesized by adding an acrylic component to styrene to increase the surface energy. Specifically, acrylic / styrene copolymer fine particles mainly composed of an acrylic / styrene copolymer from 60% by mass to 90% by mass of a styrene component and from 10% by mass to 40% by mass of an acrylic component. When used, it is preferable to adjust the surface tension of the solvent to 27.9 mN / m or less. Examples of the solvent having such a surface tension include tertiary butanol, isopropyl acetate, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), butyl acetate, dimethyl acetate and the like. Can do. These solvents may be used alone or in combination.

  Further, in order to maintain the Benard cell structure and the meniscus formed in the Benard cell even after drying, it is preferable to use a resin that is liquid until it is cured even after the drying step. This is because the smooth undulation of the surface can be maintained even when dried. When a dry cured resin that becomes solid after drying is included, since the base material 11 is flat, the surface of the antiglare layer 12 formed on the base material 11 becomes flat by initial drying, and the drying step It is considered that the substrate 11 is flattened after the substrate 11 and completely dried to the inside.

  Drying conditions are not particularly limited, and natural drying or artificial drying may be performed by adjusting the drying temperature and drying time. However, for example, when wind is applied at the time of drying, it is necessary to be careful not to generate a wind pattern on the surface of the coating layer. This is because a desired gentle undulation shape cannot be obtained on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, and it is impossible to achieve both antiglare property and contrast. The drying temperature and drying time can be appropriately determined depending on the boiling point of the solvent contained in the paint. In that case, it is preferable to select the drying temperature and drying time in a range in which the base material 11 is not deformed by heat shrinkage in consideration of the heat resistance of the base material 11.

(Curing)
After drying, the antiglare layer 12 is formed by curing the ionizing radiation curable resin. Examples of the curing energy source include an electron beam, ultraviolet rays, visible rays, and gamma rays, and ultraviolet rays are preferable from the viewpoint of production facilities. Furthermore, the ultraviolet ray source is not particularly limited, and a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like is appropriately used. The integrated irradiation amount can be appropriately selected as the integrated irradiation amount that does not cause curing of the resin to be used and yellowing of the resin and the substrate 11. The irradiation atmosphere can be appropriately selected according to the degree of resin curing, and can be performed in air or in an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon. Further, when a thermosetting resin is used as the resin, the antiglare layer 12 is formed by heating the thermosetting resin.

By this curing step, the resin becomes solid in a state where the Benard cell is formed, and the antiglare layer 12 having a gentle uneven shape is formed on the surface.
Thus, the intended antiglare film 1 is obtained.

  According to the first embodiment, when the solvent contained in the coating is volatilized, the surface of the antiglare layer 12 has a gentle undulation shape by forming a Benard cell by convection and aggregation of the fine particles 13. . Therefore, the anti-glare film 1 having high contrast and excellent anti-glare property can be realized. By using this anti-glare film 1 for a liquid crystal display device, the visibility of an image displayed on the liquid crystal display device can be improved.

(2) Second Embodiment (2-1) Configuration of Antiglare Film FIG. 4 shows an example of the configuration of the antiglare film 10 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The antiglare film 10 is provided with an antiglare layer 12 having fine particles 13 provided on a substrate 11, and further provided with a transparent resin layer 14 containing a transparent resin that is further dried and cured on the antiglare layer 12. It is. The base material 11, the antiglare layer 12, and the fine particles 13 are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the surface of the antiglare layer 12 is provided with a fine uneven shape formed by convection and aggregation of the fine particles 13. ing.

  A fine uneven shape is formed on the surface of the transparent resin layer 14. With the transparent resin layer 14 containing the resin that is dried and hardened, the uneven shape on the surface of the lower antiglare layer 12 remains the same, and only the inclination in the vicinity of the fine particles in the antiglare layer 12 becomes gentle, and the antiglare of the first embodiment. The white turbidity is suppressed to the same or higher level than the conductive film 1, and an excellent contrast can be realized.

(2-2) Manufacturing method of anti-glare film Next, an example of the manufacturing method of the anti-glare film 10 by 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated. The antiglare film 10 is manufactured by applying a paint containing a resin and a solvent on the antiglare layer 12 of the antiglare film 1 of the first embodiment, and drying and curing the transparent resin. The layer 14 is formed. Hereinafter, the formation method of the transparent resin layer 14 is demonstrated concretely.

(Paint preparation)
First, for example, a paint in which a resin and a solvent are mixed is obtained. At this time, a light stabilizer, an ultraviolet absorber, an antistatic agent, a flame retardant, an antioxidant and the like may be further added as necessary.

  The solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the resin raw material to be used and does not dissolve the base antiglare layer 12. As such a solvent, for example, an organic solvent such as tertiary butanol, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) can be used.

  As the resin, for example, it is preferable to use at least a resin that becomes solid upon drying. The resin that becomes solid by drying is a resin that cures by drying (hereinafter, a resin that becomes solid by drying is appropriately referred to as a dry-cured resin), for example, at least one of monomers, oligomers, and polymers having a molecular weight of 30,000 or more. Those containing seeds are preferred. By including a dry-curing resin in the paint, when the paint is applied to the surface of the antiglare layer and dried, the paint does not easily flow into the recesses on the surface of the antiglare layer, preventing the recesses from being filled with the paint, and the surface This is because planarization can be suppressed. Examples of such dry-cured resins include urethane resins, acrylic resins, styrene resins, melamine resins, and cellulosic resins. In addition, monomers, oligomers, and polymers that form ionizing radiation curable resins or thermosetting resins can be used, but are not limited thereto. As the ionizing radiation curable resin, it is preferable to use a resin having a sensitive group such as an acrylic double bond. Moreover, it is preferable to use what has thermosetting groups, such as a hydroxyl group, as a thermosetting resin. This is because the reactivity increases when the ionizing radiation curing process or the thermal curing process is performed.

  In the above resin material, at least one of the ionizing radiation curable or thermosetting monomers, oligomers and polymers used in the first embodiment is added to the above-mentioned dry curable resin and mixed for use. it can. Preferably, a material that undergoes a curing reaction with a material used as a dry-curing resin is used.

(Coating)
Next, the paint obtained as described above is applied onto the antiglare layer 12. The paint is applied such that the average film thickness after drying is preferably 1/2 to 2 times the particle size of the fine particles 13 in the antiglare layer, and the paint covers the convex portions on the surface of the antiglare layer 12. Is preferred. The coating method is not particularly limited, and a known coating method similar to that of the first embodiment is used. By uniformly applying a predetermined amount of thickness on the antiglare layer 12, it is possible to form fine undulations on the surface of the coating layer that are at least as smooth as the fine undulations on the surface of the antiglare layer 12.

(Drying / curing)
After coating the paint, the transparent resin layer 14 having a smooth fine uneven shape on the surface is obtained by drying and curing. In order to form gently wavy fine irregularities on the surface of the transparent resin layer 14, as described above, it is preferable that the paint contains at least a dry cured resin. When a coating material composed only of a resin material such as a monomer, oligomer, polymer or the like that does not contain any dry-curing resin material, that is, in a liquid state after drying, is applied on the anti-glare layer 12, it is between drying and curing after application. These resin materials are leveled to fill and flatten the recesses on the surface of the antiglare layer 12, thereby reducing the antiglare property. Moreover, since the convex part of the surface of the anti-glare layer 12 remains as a protruding protrusion, it becomes a rough surface. Therefore, it is considered that the dry surface formed by the initial drying covers the gentle undulation on the surface of the antiglare layer 12 by including a dry curable resin in the paint, thereby suppressing the leveling and further forming a gentle swell component. .

When an ionizing radiation curable resin is included as the resin, the resin is cured by irradiation with ionizing radiation to form a transparent resin layer. Further, when a thermosetting resin is included, the resin is cured by heating to form the transparent resin layer 14.
Thus, the intended antiglare film can be obtained.

  According to the second embodiment, it is possible to form on the surface of the transparent resin layer 14 a fine undulation shape having a gentle undulation that is equal to or greater than the smooth undulation fine undulation formed on the surface of the antiglare layer 12. Accordingly, the anti-glare film 10 is used for various display devices such as a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, etc. Contrast superior to the shape can be realized, and the visibility can be further improved.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1
100 g of a long antiglare film was produced by continuously applying with a gravure coater as follows.
First, 200 g of styrene fine particles having a particle diameter of 5 to 7 μm and an average particle diameter of 6 μm, 4000 g of an ultraviolet-curable liquid tetrafunctional urethane acrylic oligomer as a resin material, and Irgacure 184 (manufactured by Ciba Geigy) as a photoinitiator. The mixture was added to 6000 g of tertiary butanol having a surface tension of 20.0 mN / m as a solvent and stirred to prepare a paint, which was then filtered through a 10 μm mesh filter.

Next, the filtered paint was applied on a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film having a thickness of 80 μm with a gravure coater at an application speed of 20 m / min. The coated film was dried in a 30 m long drying oven set at a drying temperature of 80 ° C. At this time, Marangoni convection due to non-uniform distribution of surface tension generated when the solvent was volatilized was used, and fine particles collided and agglomerated by convection in the paint to form a Benard cell structure on the surface of the coating layer. . Then, gentle irregularities of gentle undulation were formed on the surface of the coating film by a meniscus of liquid resin formed in the Benard cell. Thereafter, the film continuously enters an ultraviolet curing furnace and is irradiated with ultraviolet rays under conditions of 160 W and an integrated light quantity of 300 mJ / cm ² to form an antiglare layer having an average film thickness of 6 μm after drying. Got.

(Example 2)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 8 μm.

(Example 3)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 12 μm.

Example 4
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 15 μm.

(Example 5)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 18 μm.

(Example 6)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that isopropyl acetate having a surface tension of 22.1 mN / m was used as the solvent.

(Example 7)
After adjusting the coating material which melt | dissolved 1000 g of acrylic polymers with a molecular weight of 50,000 as a resin material in 5000 g of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) whose surface tension is 25.4 mN / m as a solvent, the anti-glare film of Example 1 was prepared. On the antiglare layer, it was applied with a gravure coater and cured by drying in a drying oven at 80 ° C. to form a transparent resin layer having an average film thickness of 6 μm after drying. Thus, an antiglare film was obtained.

(Example 8)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 10% by mass, styrene 90% by mass) was used as the fine particles and toluene was used as the solvent.

Example 9
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) as fine particles and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) as solvent were changed.

(Example 10)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) was used as the fine particles and butyl acetate was used as the solvent.

(Example 11)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) as fine particles and MIBK as a solvent were changed.

Example 12
An antiglare film is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) is used as the fine particles, and toluene is used that has a surface tension of 27.9 mN / m as the solvent. It was.

(Example 13)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) was used as the fine particles and dimethyl carbonate was used as the solvent.

(Example 14)
Anti-glare in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by weight, styrene 70% by weight) as fine particles and solvent as solvent mixture of 40 parts by weight of toluene and 60 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate. A characteristic film was obtained.

(Example 15)
Anti-glare in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) as fine particles and solvent as a mixed solvent of 60 parts by weight of toluene and 40 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate. A characteristic film was obtained.

(Example 16)
An antiglare film in the same manner as in Example 1, except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) was used as the fine particles, and the solvent was changed to a mixed solvent of 80 parts by weight of toluene and 20 parts by weight of MEK. Got.

(Example 17)
As in Example 1, except that an acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) as fine particles and a mixed solvent of 60 parts by weight of butyl acetate and 40 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate were used as solvents. A dazzling film was obtained.

(Example 18)
Anti-glare properties in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 30% by mass, styrene 70% by mass) as fine particles and solvent mixed with 60 parts by weight of MIBK and 40 parts by weight of dimethyl carbonate were used. A film was obtained.

Example 19
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 40% by mass, styrene 60% by mass) was used as the fine particles and MIBK was used as the solvent.

(Example 20)
An anti-glare film is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 40% by mass, styrene 60% by mass) is used as the fine particles and the solvent is toluene having a surface tension of 27.9 mN / m. It was.

(Example 21)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of styrene fine particles was changed to 160 g.

(Example 22)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of styrene fine particles was changed to 400 g.

(Example 23)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of styrene fine particles was changed to 600 g.

(Example 24)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that styrene fine particles having an average particle diameter of 4 μm were used and the coating was applied so that the average film thickness after drying was 4 μm.

(Example 25)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that styrene fine particles having an average particle diameter of 8 μm were used and the average film thickness after drying was 8 μm.

(Example 26)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that styrene fine particles having an average particle size of 10 μm were used and the average film thickness after drying was 10 μm.

(Comparative Example 1)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 4 μm.

(Comparative Example 2)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the addition amount of styrene fine particles was changed to 120 g.

(Comparative Example 3)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the film thickness after drying was 5 μm.

(Comparative Example 4)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that MIBK was used as a solvent.

(Comparative Example 5)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that toluene was used as a solvent.

(Comparative Example 6)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that acrylic fine particles having an average particle diameter of 6 μm were used as the fine particles.

(Comparative Example 7)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fine particles were changed to acrylic and the solvent was changed to toluene.

(Comparative Example 8)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the particles were changed to an acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 75% by mass, styrene 25% by mass).

(Comparative Example 9)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the fine particles were changed to an acrylic / styrene copolymer (acrylic 55% by mass, styrene 45% by mass).

(Comparative Example 10)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that the film thickness was changed to 4 μm.

(Comparative Example 11)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 5 except that the amount of fine particles added was changed to 800 g and the film thickness was changed to 4 μm.

(Comparative Example 12)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an acrylic polymer having a molecular weight of 50,000 which was dried and cured was used as the resin material and was dried at 80 ° C.

(Comparative Example 13)
After adjusting the coating material which melt | dissolved 1000 g of liquid tetrafunctional urethane acrylic oligomer in 5000 g which is a solvent as a resin material as a solvent, it apply | coated with the gravure coater on the anti-glare layer of the anti-glare film of Example 1, After the solvent was volatilized in a drying furnace at 80 ° C., ultraviolet rays were irradiated in an ultraviolet curing furnace at 160 W and an integrated light quantity of 300 mJ / cm ² to form a transparent resin layer having an average film thickness of 6 μm after drying. Thus, an antiglare film was obtained.

(Roughness evaluation)
About the anti-glare films of Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 13 obtained as described above, the surface roughness was measured, the roughness curve was obtained from the two-dimensional cross section curve, and the roughness parameter was rough. The root mean square roughness RΔq of the height curve was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1. Measurement conditions were in accordance with JIS B0601: 2001. The measurement apparatus and measurement conditions are shown below.
Measuring device: Fully automatic fine shape measuring machine Surfcoder ET4000A (Kosaka Laboratory Ltd.) λc = 0.8mm, evaluation length 4mm, cutoff x5 times

(Anti-glare)
The antiglare properties of Examples 1 to 26 and Comparative Examples 1 to 13 were evaluated for antiglare properties. Specifically, a bare fluorescent lamp was copied onto the antiglare film, and the reflected image was blurred according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 1.
A: The outline of the fluorescent lamp is unknown (two fluorescent lamps appear to be one)
○: The fluorescent lamp can be recognized to some extent, but the outline is blurred. ×: The fluorescent lamp is reflected as it is.

(White turbidity)
Moreover, about the anti-glare film of Examples 1-26 and Comparative Examples 1-13, the white turbidity was measured. A specific method for measuring white turbidity is shown below. First, in order to suppress the influence of back surface reflection and evaluate the diffuse reflection of the antiglare film itself, the back surface of the obtained antiglare film was bonded to black glass via an adhesive. Next, using the integrating sphere type spectrocolorimeter SP64 manufactured by X-Rite, the reflected light is measured with a detector that irradiates the surface of the sample with diffused light and is tilted 8 ° from the sample normal direction. Measurement was performed with a d / 8 ° optical system. The measurement value was SPEX mode in which only the diffuse reflection component was detected except for the regular reflection component, and the measurement was performed at a detection viewing angle of 2 °. In addition, it has been confirmed through experiments that the white turbidity in this measurement has a correlation with the visually felt white turbidity. The results are shown in Table 1.

Moreover, the white turbidity at the time of bonding a black acrylic board (Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. acrylite L502) through the adhesive to the back surface of each anti-glare film of Examples 1-26 and Comparative Examples 1-13. Was calculated by the following equation (2). The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the value of the cloudiness which measured the black acrylic board in the state which does not stick an anti-glare film was 0.2.
y = 1.1,039x-0.4735 (2)
As described above, the white turbidity of this measurement has a correlation with the visually felt white turbidity, and when the value (Y value) calculated as described above exceeds 1.7%, it feels cloudy. It has been confirmed that as the value becomes smaller at 1.7% or less, the cloudiness becomes weaker, and at 0.8% or less, the cloudiness is hardly felt. A method for deriving the above formula (2) will be described later.

(Aggregation in in-plane direction)
The state of aggregation of the organic fine particles was observed by observation with an optical microscope. The case where the particles were aggregated in the in-plane direction was indicated as “◯”, and the case where they were not aggregated or three-dimensionally aggregated was indicated as “X”. Moreover, it represents to FIG. 5, FIG. 6 on behalf of the surface photograph of the anti-glare film of Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 among Examples 1-26 and Comparative Examples 1-13.

(Formation of meniscus)
The surface shape was observed by applying differential interference with an optical microscope to observe whether the cells were flat or inclined. Alternatively, a confocal image was captured with a laser microscope (manufactured by Lasertec Co., Ltd.) and the surface was observed to observe whether the cells were flat or inclined.

In Table 1, white turbidity A and B indicate the white turbidity measured as follows.
White turbidity A: White turbidity measured by bonding black glass to the back surface of the antiglare film B: White turbidity measured by bonding a black acrylic plate to the back surface of the antiglare film In FIG. 1, “×” in the dry curing of the resin indicates that the coating film was not cured after the drying step but was in a liquid state, “◯” represents that the coating film was cured after the drying step, and “−” "" Indicates a material having no transparent resin layer.
In Table 1, the filling rate is the ratio of the fine particle content B to the resin content A included in the antiglare property (B / A × 100).

In addition, each numerical value applied to Examples 1-26 and Comparative Examples 1-13 was calculated | required as follows.
(Average film thickness of antiglare layer)
The average film thickness of the antiglare layer was measured using a contact-type thickness meter (manufactured by TESA Corporation).
(Average particle size of fine particles)
The average particle size of the fine particles was obtained by measuring the particle size with a Coulter Multisizer and averaging the obtained data.
(Surface tension of solvent)
The surface tension of the solvent was calculated by, for example, using the wilhelmy method, contacting the wilhelmy plate with the liquid sample to give a strain, and measuring the force to pull the wilhelmy plate into the liquid. The measuring device used was Leosurf, which is a dynamic surface tension measuring device manufactured by UBM Co., Ltd. The measurement was performed after the solvent temperature and room temperature of the solvent were made constant. Specifically, the solvent was allowed to stand in an environment at room temperature of 25 ° C., and the temperature of the solvent was measured when the temperature of the solvent reached 25 ° C.
(Surface energy of fine particles)
The fine particles were consolidated by a press machine to form a plate, and various liquids were dropped on the surface to calculate the critical surface tension. The calculated value was used as the surface energy of the fine particles. In addition, the measurement was performed in a 25 degreeC environment similarly to the measurement of the surface tension of the said solvent.

Table 1 shows the following.
Examples 1 to 7, 21 to 26 using styrene as fine particles of the antiglare layer and using a solvent having a surface tension of 23 mN / m or less, acrylic (10% by mass), styrene (90% by mass) and acrylic In the antiglare films of Examples 8 to 20 using (30% by mass) · styrene (70% by mass) or acrylic (40% by mass) · styrene (60% by mass) copolymer, the root mean square slope RΔq is It is the range of 0.003-0.05, and both anti-glare property and white turbidity are favorable. When the dry film thickness is smaller than the average particle diameter of the fine particles as in Comparative Examples 1 and 3, or when the fine particle surface energy is relatively smaller than the solvent surface tension as in Comparative Examples 4 and 5. Although the value of RΔq was large and the antiglare property was excellent, the white turbidity was large and the contrast was lowered. On the other hand, when the surface energy of the fine particles was relatively larger than the solvent surface tension as in Comparative Examples 6 to 10, the value of RΔq was small and the white turbidity was small, but the antiglare property was inferior. Further, when the amount of added fine particles is increased as in Comparative Example 11 and the dry film thickness is set to be less than the average particle size of the fine particles, the antiglare property is exhibited, but the conventional antiglare film having large cloudiness is obtained. Further, in Comparative Example 12 using a resin that was dry-cured, the value of RΔq was small and the white turbidity was small, but the antiglare property was inferior. Further, from Comparative Example 2, when the amount of fine particles added is 3% by mass, the flat portion increases and white turbidity is small, but the antiglare property is not exhibited. Therefore, as shown in Examples 21 to 23, the amount of fine particles added is 4 It is preferable that it is mass% or more.

When styrene fine particles having a surface energy of 33 mN / m and acrylic fine particles having a surface energy of 40 mN / m are used, the difference between the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface tension is small. As shown in Comparative Example 4, the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface When the difference from the tension is less than 8 mN / m, the fine particles are violently agglomerated at the time of drying and three-dimensionally aggregate to form a surface with large irregularities, resulting in a high-glare, low-contrast film with glare.
As shown in Examples 1 and 6, when the difference between the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface tension is in the range of 8 to 13 mN / m, the Benard cell is formed by fine particles arranged in a plane after drying. Begin to do. A gentle undulation can be formed to produce a low-glare, high-contrast film.
Further, as shown in Comparative Examples 6 and 10, when the difference between the fine particle surface energy and the solvent surface tension exceeds 13 mN / m, Benard cells are hardly formed on the surface after drying, and there are many flat portions. It becomes a film with low antiglare property. In order to develop anti-glare properties in this relation, it is necessary to apply thinner than the particle diameter and to add a large amount of fine particles in order to eliminate the flat part.

  From the above results, while appropriately selecting the relationship between the surface energy of the fine particles and the surface tension of the solvent, by using a resin that does not harden after drying, the formation of Benard cells on the surface of the antiglare layer can be controlled to achieve a desired roughness. It is possible to obtain an antiglare film with reduced white turbidity while maintaining antiglare properties.

  Moreover, from Example 7, it turned out that white turbidity can further be reduced by providing the transparent resin layer containing dry cured resin. In Comparative Example 13 using a resin that was not dried and cured for the transparent resin layer, RΔq was decreased, and the antiglare property was decreased. From this, it is possible to obtain an antiglare film having better contrast than an antiglare film having no transparent resin layer while maintaining the antiglare property by providing a transparent resin layer using a dry-curing resin. it can.

(Examples 27 to 31)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 except that the amount of styrene fine particles added was changed to 400 g.

(Examples 32-35)
An antiglare film was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 5 except that the amount of styrene fine particles added was changed to 480 g.

(Anti-glare)
About the anti-glare film of Examples 1-5 and Examples 27-35 obtained as mentioned above, anti-glare property was evaluated as follows.
Two fluorescent lamps were projected on the surface of the antiglare layer, and the visibility of the fluorescent lamp was evaluated according to the following five levels.
Level 5: The fluorescent lamp cannot be seen in two parts, and the shape cannot be determined.
Level 4: Although it can be visually recognized that there are two fluorescent lamps, the shape cannot be determined.
Level 3: Fluorescent lamps appear to be separated into two, the outline looks dull, and the shape of the fluorescent lamp can be identified.
Level 2: The fluorescent light is clearly separated into two, and the outline is visible.
Level 1: Fluorescent lamps are clearly separated into two, and the outline is clearly visible in a straight line.

  From Table 2, it can be seen that when the filling rate exceeds 10%, the antiglare degree dependency due to the coating thickness decreases, and it becomes difficult to control the antiglare property by adjusting the coating thickness.

  Next, with reference to Table 3 and FIG. 7, the correlation between the white turbidity when measured by bonding black glass and the white turbidity when measured by bonding a black acrylic plate will be described.

  In Table 3, the black glass and the black acrylic plate were respectively used for the antiglare films of Test Examples 1 to 14 obtained by controlling the white turbidity by appropriately adjusting the film thickness and particle size in Example 1. The measurement result of the cloudiness measured by pasting is shown. Further, Table 3 shows values obtained by calculating the white turbidity on the acrylic plate using the regression line obtained by these correlations. From Table 3, it can be seen that a value close to the measured value is obtained by calculation.

As shown in FIG. 7, the regression line obtained by the correlation between the black glass and the black acrylic plate shows the white turbidity when the black glass plate is bonded to the horizontal axis and the white turbidity when the black acrylic plate is bonded to the vertical axis. Obtained by plotting degrees. From FIG. 7, when the white turbidity when the glass plate is bonded is x and the white turbidity when the acrylic plate is bonded is y,
y = 1.1,039x-0.4735 (2)
The regression line is obtained, and the determination coefficient R ² is 0.9909. From the above, it can be seen that there is a high correlation between the turbidity measured using a black glass plate and the turbidity measured using a black acrylic plate.

  Although the embodiments and examples of the present invention have been specifically described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications based on the technical idea of the present invention are possible. It is.

  For example, the numerical values given in the above-described embodiments and examples are merely examples, and different numerical values may be used as necessary.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned 1st Embodiment demonstrated the case where an anti-glare film was applied to a liquid crystal display device, the application example of an anti-glare film is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be applied to display devices such as a plasma display, an electroluminescence display, and a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the liquid crystal display device by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the anti-glare film by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the schematic for demonstrating a root mean square inclination. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the anti-glare film by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 2 is a surface photograph of an antiglare film of Example 1. 6 is a surface photograph of an antiglare film of Comparative Example 5. It is a graph for demonstrating the correlation of the white turbidity when measured using black glass, and the white turbidity when measured using a black acrylic board. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the conventional anti-glare film. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of a structure of the conventional anti-glare film.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,10 Anti-glare film 11 Base material 12 Anti-glare layer 13 Fine particle 14 Transparent resin layer

Claims (13)

A substrate;
Provided with at least one antiglare layer provided on the base material,
The antiglare layer is formed by applying a paint containing at least a resin, a solvent, and fine particles on a base material, drying the paint applied on the base material, and convection generated when the solvent is volatilized. By forming a Benard cell structure on the surface of the coating layer and curing the resin contained in the paint having the Benard cell structure formed, a film having an average particle size of not less than 3 times the average particle size of the particles Anti-glare film that is formed thick.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein an average film thickness of the antiglare layer upon drying is not less than the average particle diameter of the fine particles and not more than 3 times the average particle diameter of the fine particles. The fine particles are organic fine particles,
2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the surface energy of the organic fine particles and the surface tension of the solvent is 8 mN / m or more and 13 mN / N or less. The fine particles are mainly composed of styrene,
2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the solvent has a surface tension of 23 mN / m or less.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles contain an acrylic / styrene copolymer as a main component.   6. The antiglare film according to claim 5, wherein the acrylic / styrene copolymer comprises a styrene component of 60% by mass to 90% by mass and an acrylic component of 10% by mass to 40% by mass. .   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein a filling rate of the fine particles is 4% or more and 10% or less.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are aggregated mainly in an in-plane direction by convection generated when the solvent is volatilized.   9. The antiglare film according to claim 8, wherein the aggregated fine particles are covered with the resin on the surface of the antiglare layer.   The resin is an ionizing radiation curable resin, a thermosetting resin, or a mixed resin thereof, and includes at least one of a monomer, an oligomer, and a polymer that are liquid even after the paint is dried. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the resin is cured in a state where a Benard cell structure is formed on the surface by irradiation with ionizing radiation or heating.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the root mean square slope RΔq on the surface of the antiglare layer is 0.003 to 0.05 μm.   2. The antiglare film according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are covered with a resin, and the fine particles do not protrude from the surface of the antiglare layer.