JP2008502822A - Architectural elements and construction methods - Google Patents

Abstract

  The precast cementitious building element (10a) comprises at least one provided on the main body (12), at least one coupling member (14) protruding from the end edge (16) of the main body, and on the opposite end edge (20) of the main body. Comprising a connecting member (18). At least one coupling member protruding from the edge is such that when coupled with an adjacent precast building element (10b), there is a space between the precast building element (10) and the adjacent precast building element (10b). It is configured to couple with a coupling member at the opposite edge of the adjacent precast building element (10b).

Description

  The present invention relates to a building element and a building method. In particular, the invention relates to a precast cementitious building element and a building method using this element.

  Conventional construction techniques often use precast structural elements for the construction of walls, floors and the like. One of the problems associated with the use of precast elements is the precise positioning of the elements to produce an accurate and horizontal wall or floor.

  Another problem using conventional precast structural elements is the time required to build a wall or floor. This is in particular due to the exact positioning problem of the elements and another alignment problem caused by variations in the precast elements. Wall or floor building delays prevent higher floors or walls from being built and / or prevent other features of the building from being equipped. This delays the plan and imposes a high fine on that responsibility. This is exacerbated in large-scale plans such as high-rise buildings with many floors.

  Another problem is the danger associated with transporting the element, for example to a building site. Building elements are generally moved with the help of a clutch that grips the element. Accidents occur when the clutch disintegrates or the precast material integrity is compromised. Accordingly, health and safety regulations have been established that chains must be used when transporting elements, and the time taken to form structures with conventional precast elements is increased.

  As used herein, the terms “include”, “include” or similar terms are intended to mean non-exclusive inclusions, so that a system or apparatus that includes an element list includes only those elements. It does not include other elements that are not described.

It is an object of the present invention to address or at least ameliorate one or more of the problems associated with the prior art, or to provide a convenient commercial alternative.
It is a preferred object of the present invention to provide a building element that is easier to use than prior art building elements and a building method that reduces building time compared to prior art building methods.

While not necessarily in the only or most extensive form, in one form, the present invention is a precast cementitious building element,
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
Including at least one coupling member provided at an opposite edge of the main body,
At least one coupling member projecting from the edge of the adjacent precast building element so that there is a space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element when combined with the adjacent precast building element. Configured to couple with the coupling member.

Suitably, the coupling member is a metal plate extending from the edge and the opposite edge of the body, the metal plate being partially embedded in the body.
Suitably, the building element further comprises a reinforcing member welded to the metal plate.

Preferably, the reinforcing member is completely embedded in the body and is U-shaped.
At least one coupling member protruding from the edge of the main body is a rod-shaped body, and the rod-shaped body is at least partially embedded in the main body.

The building element further includes a support plate provided around the bar at the edge of the body.
Suitably, the at least one coupling member provided at the opposite edge of the body includes a socket extending to the body.

Suitably, the socket includes a hollow tube embedded in the body.
The at least one coupling member provided at the opposite end of the main body further includes a hollow receiving tube that is at least partially embedded in the main body.

Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the hollow tube is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the socket.
The building element further includes a conduit extending through each socket between the opposing surfaces of the body.

Suitably, the building element further comprises a support plate provided around the socket hole at the opposite edge of the body.
Optionally, the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge of the body further comprises a hollow tube at least partially embedded in the body.

Preferably, the longitudinal axis of the hollow tube is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the rod.
The building element further includes a conduit extending between opposing surfaces of the body at the base of each rod.
The building element further includes a support plate provided at the free end of the hollow receiving tube, the support plate having a through hole.

The building element further includes at least one conduit extending between the base of the socket and the edge of the body.
Suitably the coupling member is an I-beam.

  Suitably, the at least one coupling member projecting from the edge of the body and the at least one coupling member provided at the opposite edge of the body are I beams embedded in the body, the I beam being an end of the body. It extends between the edge and the opposite edge of the body.

The building element further includes a support plate provided at the end of each I-beam.
Optionally, the building element further includes a groove extending between the edges of the body and the opposing edges of the body.
Suitably, the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge of the body includes at least one reinforcing member, the reinforcing member being embedded in the body and preferably substantially to the opposite edge of the body. Extend towards.

The building element further includes at least one generally U-shaped bar protruding from the edge of the body.
The building element further includes at least one generally U-shaped bar projecting from the opposing edge of the body.
Suitably, when a precast building element is combined with an adjacent precast building element, the at least one generally U-shaped bar protruding from the opposite edge of the body of the precast building element protrudes from the edge of the adjacent precast building element body. Aligned with at least one generally U-shaped bar.

The generally U-shaped bar is aligned with the central axis of the body edge and / or the opposing edge. Alternatively, the substantially U-shaped bar is substantially orthogonal to the central axis of the edge of the body and / or the opposing edge.
Optionally, the building element further comprises at least one adjustment bolt for adjusting the position of the building element.

Again, not necessarily the most extensive form, but in another form, the present invention is a construction method using precast cementitious building elements, each building element comprising:
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
At least one coupling member provided at the opposing edge of the body, the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge configured to couple with a coupling member at the opposing edge of an adjacent precast building element Is done.

  The method includes combining a precast building element with an adjacent precast building element such that a space exists between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element.

The method preferably further includes the step of building at least a portion of the floor structure in the space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element.
The method further includes supporting adjacent precast building elements with at least one post.

Preferably, the joining step includes a step of welding together at least one joining member protruding from the main body edge and at least one joining member provided on the main body facing edge.
The method includes welding at least one coupling member projecting from the body edge and the at least one coupling member provided at the opposite edge of the body together to leave a free standing adjacent precast building element; The method further includes removing at least one strut supporting the adjacent precast building element.

Optionally, the coupling step includes inserting at least one coupling member of the building element into at least one coupling member of an adjacent building element.
Optionally, the joining step includes inserting at least one bar of the building element into a socket extending to the body of an adjacent building element.

  Suitably, at least one bar is inserted until a support plate provided around the bar on the building element abuts a hollow receiving tube aligned with a socket of an adjacent building element.

Suitably, at least one bar is inserted until a hollow tube aligned with the bar on the building element abuts a support plate provided around the socket of the adjacent building element.
Optionally, the combining step includes bringing one end of at least one I-beam of the building element into contact with a support plate provided at one end of the I-beam of an adjacent building element.

  The joining step includes aligning at least one U-shaped bar protruding from the body edge of the building element substantially parallel with at least one U-shaped bar protruding from the opposite edge of the adjacent building element.

The joining step includes the step of aligning a pair of U-shaped bars protruding from the main body edge of the building element substantially parallel to and between the pair of U-shaped bars protruding from the opposing edge of the adjacent building element.
The method further includes passing the reinforcing member through the generally aligned U-shaped bar.

The method further includes filling the socket with a hardener.
The method further includes the step of guiding adjacent building elements into place with the help of at least one positioning shoe.

Suitably, the method further comprises the steps of attaching the collar to a coupling member protruding from the body edge and abutting the positioning shoe against the collar.
Suitably, the method further comprises temporarily supporting adjacent building elements with struts coupled to the substrate, the substrate abutting the positioning shoe.

The method further includes coupling the workbench to the building element via a conduit formed in the building element.
The joining step includes a step of welding together at least one joining member projecting from the body edge and at least one joining member projecting from the foundation.

The method further includes filling the volume around the at least one coupling member projecting from the body edge and the at least one coupling member projecting from the foundation with a hardener.
Suitably, the filling step includes injecting a hardener through the groove of the building element.

Again, not necessarily the most extensive form, but in a further form, the present invention is a multi-storey building construction system comprising:
Multiple precast cementitious building elements;
A plurality of floor structures, each floor structure extending through a space between the precast building element and an adjacent precast building element. Each building element
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
It includes at least one coupling member provided at the opposite edge of the main body. At least one coupling member projecting from the edge of the adjacent precast building element so that there is a space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element when combined with the adjacent precast building element. Configured to couple with the coupling member.

Again, not necessarily the most extensive form, but in yet another form, the present invention is a substrate for the precast cementitious building element,
A board supported by a foundation,
Including at least one coupling member projecting from the plate. At least one coupling member is configured to engage with at least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the building element.

In another aspect, the present invention is a method for connecting the precast cementitious building elements,
Welding together the building elements and the reinforcing members of the adjacent building elements; and
Filling a space between building elements with a hardener.

In yet another form, the invention resides in a building comprising the precast cementitious building element.

Further features and aspects of the present invention will be understood from the following detailed description.
By way of example only, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1-7, in an embodiment of the present invention, a precast cementitious element 10 is provided, the element 10 being at least one projecting from a body 12 and an edge 16 of the body.
A plurality of coupling members 14. At least one coupling member 18 is provided at the opposing edge 20 of the body, and when the coupling member 18 is coupled to the coupling member 14 of the adjacent precast building element 10b, the precast building element 10 and the adjacent precast building. It is comprised so that it may couple | bond together in the state where space exists between the elements 10b.

  In this embodiment, the coupling member 18 is in the form of a socket 18 configured to receive the coupling member 14, and the coupling member 14 is in the form of a steel rod 14 in this embodiment. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, two coupling members 14 are provided, and these coupling members 14 are partially embedded in the main body 12 by a depth larger than the length of the rod-shaped body protruding from the main body. The number of rods 14, the specific embedding depth, the protruding length from the body 12 and the diameter of the rods 14 vary depending on the application of the precast building element 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, three rod-like bodies 14 extend from the end edge 16, and three sockets 18 are provided on the opposite end edge 20 so as to extend to the main body 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the body 12 is reinforced with a reinforcing member 22 as is known in the art, but in the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing member 22 is excluded from the edges 16, 20 of the body 12. Does not protrude.

  Referring to FIG. 3, the fixing means 24 is attached to the main body 12. The fixing means 24 is in the form of a metal support plate 24 having holes 26, and the rod 14 passes through the holes 26. The support plate 24 is welded to the plate 24 and is fixed to the first edge 16 of the main body 12 with the aid of a bar or bar 28 b embedded in the main body 12.

  With further reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, at the opposite edge 20 of the body 12, the socket 18 is in the form of a hollow tube 30 that is embedded in the body 12. The tube 30 is sized to receive the bar 14 of the adjacent element 10b, and in one embodiment, the tube 30 is in the form of a hollow corrugated steel tube. Prior to molding the element 10, the transverse line 32 is connected to the tube by placing an insert (not shown) transversely into the hole in the tube and filling the bottom 30 of the tube 30 with an unshrinkable grout 34. 30. The conduit 32 is also shown in FIGS.

  The hollow receiving tube 36 is placed at one end of the corrugated tube 30 as shown in FIGS. In one embodiment, the receiving tube 36 includes a support plate 38 and a bottom plate 40 that are connected by three rods 42. The plates 38, 40 have holes through which the receiving tube 36 can be placed at the end of the hollow tube 30 and welded in place. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the receiving pipe 36 is partially embedded in the main body 12 and partially protrudes from the opposing edge 20. The purpose of the support plate 38 will be understood from the following description of the method of joining the two elements 10.

  With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, an alternative embodiment of the receiving tube 36 includes a receiving tube 36 that extends the entire length of the corrugated tube 30, and a bottom plate 40 is welded to the bottom of the corrugated tube 30 and a nut or washer. 44 etc. are welded to the base plate 40 and bolts are passed through the washer 44 during element molding and assist in positioning the element as will be described in more detail below.

The two precast building elements 10 are joined together by inserting the bar 14 of one element into the socket 18 of the adjacent element. Before inserting the rod-shaped body 14, the socket 18 is filled with a grout such as a 50-60 MPa liquid non-shrink grout, and the grout is replaced with the rod-shaped body 14 when the rod-shaped body 14 is inserted. The full length of the rod-like body 14 is inserted, and the support plate 38 abuts on the plate 24 as shown in FIG. 3, for example. Plates 38 and 24 are stitch welded together to hold element 10 in place while the grout is cured, which typically takes about 1-2 hours. After this time, the element 10 remains fixed in place. This arrangement leaves a space 46 for the floor structure to be built between adjacent building elements 10, which are also constructed from the precast building elements 10 of the present invention.

  FIG. 7A shows an alternative embodiment of the building element 10. In the illustrated embodiment, two coupling members 14 extend from the edge 16 of the body 12, and two coupling members 18 extend from the opposing edge 20 of the body 12. In this embodiment, the coupling members 14, 18 are in the form of a metal plate, preferably a desired grade of steel commonly used in the art. Each of the metal plates 14 and 18 is welded to a reinforcing member 15 having a steel rod shape. In this embodiment, the steel rod-like body is formed in a U shape. The U-shaped bar 15 is completely embedded in the cementitious main body 12 and the metal plate is at least partially embedded in the main body 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7A, the building element 10 also includes a U-shaped bar 240 that is partially embedded in the body 12 and protrudes from the edge 16 and / or the opposing edge 20. When the building elements 10a, 10b are in place and the coupling members 14, 18 are welded together, the U-shaped bar overlaps in the space 46 between the elements. The reinforcing member 300 passes through the U-shaped bar 240 to provide a complete “growth bar” that penetrates the structure. Although not shown in FIG. 7A, the building element 10a and the adjacent building element 10b also include a reinforcing member 22 embedded in the main body 12, as shown in the embodiment of FIGS.

  The construction method will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. Although the method has been described in connection with an embodiment of a building element 10 that includes a coupling member primarily in the form of a rod 14 and socket 18, the method is generally an alternative to the building element 10 described herein. The embodiment can be used in the same manner.

  Referring to FIG. 8, when the rod 14 of the upper adjacent element 10b is fully inserted into the hollow receiving tube 30 of the lower element 10b so that the plate 24 contacts the support plate 38, the adjacent element is retained. A temporary post 48 is attached to the adjacent element 10b to ensure that the upper adjacent element does not wobble when support by a crane (not shown) is removed. The bottom of the adjacent element 10b is then accurately positioned with the aid of the positioning shoe 50. The positioning shoe 50 is attached to the collar 51 or to the receiving tube 36, which will be described in more detail below. The plate 24 and the support plate 38 are welded together when the upper adjacent element 10b is erected vertically at a predetermined position, for example, by a laser vertical well known in the art. When the weld is cooled, the struts 48 that support the adjacent precast building element 10b are removed, leaving a free standing adjacent precast building element 10b. Alternatively, the post 48 is left in place until it needs to be removed, for example, to provide the desired access.

In an alternative embodiment of the building element 10 shown in FIG. 7A, the collar 51 of the positioning shoe 50 fits around a metal plate protruding from the edges 16, 20 of the body 12.
An alternative construction method is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, which utilizes a hinged element positioning frame 52. FIG. The positioning frame 52 is mounted and fixed at a predetermined position, and the adjacent element is lowered in the frame 52 and brought into contact with the lower building element 10 as described above. Depending on the size and shape of the element 10, a temporary push-pull post 54 is advantageously placed and adjusted as necessary to bring the element 10 vertical. Any of the building methods described above can be used to build both walls and columns, in which case a reinforced concrete floor is injected.

With reference to FIG. 11, the construction of the construction method according to the inventive method using the element 10 of the present invention will be described next. The steel plate 56 is formed on a concrete foundation 58 and is fixed by adjusting bolts 59 so that the height is adjusted as necessary. A pair of large receiving tubes 60 similar to the receiving tube 30 are welded to the plate 56 and are ready to receive the bar 14 of the first element 10. The large receiving tube 60 allows a greater degree of movement of the first element than the normal size receiving tube 30 when there is movement during the initial injection. Once the first precast element 10 is accurately positioned and the reinforced concrete slab is injected, the underside of the formwork is then turned up. The next precast building element is subsequently lifted and inserted into place as described above, accurately secured and vertical, but to secure the necessary reinforcements to the floor suspended below, A space 46 is left open for the steel fixture. The vertical precast element is self-supporting without first pouring the concrete floor down. Therefore, while the preparation for the next floor starts, the floor is injected into the previous floor. This construction method according to the present invention is expected to reduce the construction time by about 2 to 3 days per building floor.

  Of course, the large receiving tube 60 may be omitted when an embodiment of the building element 10 comprising a metal plate is used. Instead, referring to FIG. 11, a metal plate extending substantially vertically from the plate 56 is welded to the appropriate location where the metal plate of the body 12 is welded.

  The positioning shoe 50 and the collar 51 will be described below with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13 show a collar 51 that is attached to the receiving tube 36 of the lower element 10, which is already fixed in place. The collar 51 is fixed by a fixing device in the form of a bolt and two nuts (not shown). A collar 51 is attached to each receiving tube 36 at each end of the precast element 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the collar slot 60 in the form of a dovetail is adapted to receive the dovetail protrusion 62 of the positioning shoe 50. When the upper element 10b is lowered to a predetermined position as described above, the screw plate 66 is moved to contact the body 12 until the exact position of the element is obtained precisely, and the upper element 10b is moved as necessary. The winding bolt 64 is adjusted to accurately position the. FIG. 14 shows an extension base 68 that abuts the positioning shoe 50 and supports the push-pull strut 54, which pivots about a pin 70 to adjust the angle. Once the plates 24, 38 are welded and / or the grout 34 is cured, the temporary struts 48, 54, the shoe 50 and the collar 51 are removed.

  An alternative embodiment of the positioning shoe 50 is shown in FIG. The positioning shoe 50 has an inclined surface 72, which guides the upper adjacent element 10b to a predetermined position when it is lowered by, for example, a crane. In the present embodiment, the nut 74 is formed on the shoe 50, and the winding bolt 64 passes through the nut. The screw plate plate 66 is attached to the winding bolt 64 and contacts the receiving pipe 36 of the lower element 10a. In an alternative embodiment, the screw plate 66 contacts a metal plate protruding from the element 10. Accordingly, the shoe position is adjusted so that the inclined surface 72 naturally guides the element accurately to the predetermined position.

  Referring to FIG. 15A, in one embodiment, the support 302 is attached to an adjacent building element 10b by a bolt 304, such as an excalibur bolt. The support body 302 is attached to a predetermined position of the adjacent building element 10b so as to support the adjacent element 10b at an accurate height on the building element 10a in order to form a space 46 having a desired height. The support 302 supports the adjacent building element 10b until the coupling members 14, 18 are welded together. The support 302 may take any suitable form to support the mass of the adjacent element 10b, for example, ranging from 1 ton to 15 ton. The support 302 may be formed from a steel plate having an appropriate thickness that is welded at right angles to the bracing member, for example.

With reference to FIGS. 16-17, the precast building element 10 can be easily moved around the building site and lowered into place using a conventional crane. This is accomplished by a lifting plate 76 that is bolted to the element with the washer threaded through the conduit 32 of the body 12. The D clips are bolted to each pair of lifting plates 78 so that they rotate freely when the D clips 78 are lifted through the crane sling 80. Thus, when the element 10 is lifted through two D-clips, the element will naturally fall vertically to facilitate positioning of the element 10. This lifting method overcomes the conventional problems associated with lifting precast elements using a clutch. By passing the bolt through the full thickness of the building element 10 via the conduit 32, the need for clutches and associated hazards is avoided. However, the clutch may still be used if necessary.

  18 and 19 show a plurality of building elements 10a, 10b, 10c that are coupled together according to the method described above, and a plurality of injection beds 82 that occupy space between the coupling elements. For each floor, the workbench 84 is bolted and each building via the existing line 32 of the element 10 using a Z bar or high tension (HT) bolt 86 or other suitable known fastening means. Be perpendicular to the element. A tubular spacer 88 is placed between the element 10 and the wall or vertical mast 90 of the platform 84. The vertical mast 90 includes a lifting lug 91 that allows the crane to lift the mast 90 into place. Of course, element 10 includes a conduit 92 towards the bottom of body 12 as well as a conduit 32 towards the top of the body. The vertical jacket 94 is installed in the correct position before the next precast element is lifted into place and the adjustable edge mold 96 is left in place until the concrete floor 82 is poured. A safety mesh 98 is provided outside each platform 84 for protection during operation. Once the pedestal 84 is in place on one floor, the building element 10 for the next upper floor is safely lowered into place. Once positioned, the bolt 86 attaches the newly positioned element to the vertical mast 90. In addition to providing a secure work platform for shear walls of any height, the platform 84 provides easy access to the plates 14, 24, 38 and an adjustable edge mold 96 for welding. Providing a simple means to do this and an accurate vertical method for joining the elements 10 together.

  20 and 21 each show a lift core according to one embodiment and a stair core according to one embodiment constructed from the precast building element 10 of the present invention. Some elements are shaped with the end wall 100 returned to a minimum value of, for example, 300 millimeters, but preferably back to the edge of the doorway for easy joining on the door head. As shown in FIG. 23, the element 10 is formed with a pre-welded reinforced steel rod or steel plate 102. The plate 104 protrudes from both ends of the element 10, for example, 40 millimeters. The element is brought upright as described above by coupling the coupling member 14 at the edge of one element with the coupling member 18 at the opposite edge of the adjacent element.

  Referring to FIG. 22, the protruding plates 104 overlap each other and are stitch-welded together. When welded, the aluminum beam 106 is bolted to either side of the gap 108 between the elements and a non-shrinkable liquid grout is injected from the top to fill the gap 108 between the elements.

  Alternatively, referring to FIG. 24, the start bar 110 protrudes from the precast element 10, and the instruction bar 110 is connected together between the adjacent elements 10. The conventional formwork 112 is then utilized and concrete is poured into the formwork to fill the gap 108 and form the element 10d as is conventional.

  The elements used in the stair core and elevating core shown in FIGS. 20-24 utilize a construction method similar to that shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, but as shown in FIGS. Except that is built inside instead of outside. 25 and 26 show two wall and staircase construction methods according to an embodiment of the present invention. 25 and 26 each show two poured concrete floors 82 on either side of the staircase wall formed from the element 10 of the present invention. A vertical mast 90 is provided inside and is bolted to the element 10 until the grout 34 is cured. An adjustable slab edge formwork 114 is attached to the mast 90. The platform 84 provides a secure platform where adjacent elements are connected. Access to the lower secondary platform 116 is also provided to allow the operator to accomplish the lower element, for example by sealing the conduit 32 of the element 10. A safety scaffold 118 is also provided.

  FIG. 26 shows the alternative method using a conventional mold 112 to form the element 10d in-situ into the precast element of the present invention. The mold 112 is provided on the turntable 120 for easy upright and peeling.

  FIG. 25A shows a plan view of a method of joining adjacent building elements 10 at corners. The edge 16 and the opposite edge 20 of the element 10 include a U-shaped bar 240 that protrudes from the body 12. The U-shaped bar 240 overlaps as shown in FIG. 25A and the reinforcing member 300 is passed through the U-shaped bar 240. A metal mold 310 is provided at each corner attached to the element 10 by a fixing device 312 such as an excalibur bolt. A curable material, such as concrete, is then injected into the gap 316 to seal the building element 10 together.

  With reference to FIG.27 and FIG.28, the connection method of the horizontal precast floor element which concerns on two embodiment of this invention is demonstrated below. The precast floor element 10e is poured into a conventional precast horizontal mold and in one embodiment has a finished thickness of about 80 millimeters. Element 10e includes a tongue and groove 182 at the edge to expose the reinforcing member 22 and an inclined edge 182. In order to prevent cracking of the element during lifting, the clutch is molded on the element surface with emphasis on the center clutch.

  In the field, the precast element 10e is supported on a cradle 184 of a conventional bottom formwork 186 so that the inclined edges 182 of adjacent elements abut. A dry mixed non-shrink grout 188 fills the gap 189 between the inclined edges 182 for fire resistance evaluation. The flat steel plate 190 is welded to the adjacent reinforcing member 22 of the adjacent element via the stitch weld 191 to form a continuous joint between the reinforcing members 22 of the adjacent elements.

  FIG. 28 shows an alternative embodiment of FIG. In this embodiment, for example, the steel plate 194 is welded to the reinforcing member 22 of each element 10e before the element is carried to the site. Flat steel plate 190 is welded to adjacent element steel plate 194 via stitch welds 191 and then reinforcing steel and slab finish 192 are applied as described above.

  A connection method of supporting vertical precast wall elements according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 28A and 28B. In one embodiment, the precast wall element 10f has a reinforcing member 22 that extends substantially parallel to the surface of the body 12 in the position shown, and some of the reinforcing members 22 are exposed by the tongues 180. It is done. Element 10f also includes a ramped edge 182 and, in one embodiment, has a finished thickness of about 160 millimeters. The steel plate 196 including the bolt 198 is welded to the reinforcing member 22 of the adjacent element 10f via the stitch weld 191 and the gap 189 is filled with the grout 188. Since adjacent wall elements 10f do not abut, a temporary seal (not shown) is provided during grout filling. The end plate 200 may be, for example, aluminum or ply, and straddles adjacent elements and is fixed by bolts 198 and nuts 201. The gap 202 is then filled with a hardener such as concrete, and the plate 200 is removed when the hardener in the gap 202 is hardened. Or the usual formwork member fixed with the volt | bolt between the adjacent elements is used.

A precast building element according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. A precast building element 10 is provided that includes a body 12, at least one coupling member 14 projecting from an edge 16 of the body, and at least one coupling member 14 provided at an opposing edge 20 of the body 12. In the present embodiment, the coupling member 14 is in the form of at least one end of the I beam 140 embedded in the main body 12. In the present embodiment, at least one I beam passes through the entire length of the main body 12. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 29, the two I-beams 140 extend the entire length of the body and extend between the edge 16 and the opposite edge 20. A metal support plate 142 is welded to the end of each I-beam 140 at one end of the element 10. In one embodiment, a reinforcement (not shown) known in the art is included in the body 12 to ensure a desired fire resistance rating around the I-beam. The element is molded in a steel mold and the concrete forming the body is injected vertically, for example with a 10 millimeter aggregate mixture, to ensure easy inflow.

  The two building elements 10a and 10b abut the I-beam 140 protruding from the bottom end of the upper element 10b downward with a plate 142 welded to the upper end of the I-beam 140 protruding from the upper end of the lower element 10a. Are connected together. The elements 10a and 10b are lifted to a predetermined position using the D shackle 78 on the lower side of the plate 142 as shown in FIG. 31 or by attaching a lift lug to the conduit 32 of the main body 12 as described above. . FIG. 30 shows that the collar 51 is attached to the upper end of the protruding I-beam 140 and the positioning shoe 50 is attached to the collar 51 as described above when the first lower building element 10a is put in place. FIG. 9 shows a construction method similar to the method shown in FIG. The upper adjacent element 10b is lowered to a predetermined position so that the lower end of the I beam 140 contacts the plate 142 of the lower element 10a. The positioning shoe 50 is then adjusted to accurately position the upper element 10b. In order to form a complete composite fixation, the temporary strut 48 brings the upper precast element 10b vertical before the bottom of the I-beam 140 is welded to the plate 142. Thus, a continuous composite steel bond (also known as a continuous “growth bar”) is formed from the top to the bottom of the building. In this embodiment, the space 46 is formed between the lower and upper adjacent building elements 10a, 10b so that the concrete floor can be poured into the space 46 without delaying the construction of higher floors.

  Referring to FIG. 32, the precast building element 10 of the present invention can be obtained so that a variously shaped building appearance can be obtained, for example, in a situation where it is impossible to use the receiving pipe 30 having a desired depth according to the present invention. An alternative embodiment is used. As shown in FIG. 32, at least one coupling member 14 of the element 10 takes the form of a reinforcing member 144 that protrudes from the first edge 16 of the element 10. In the present embodiment, the reinforcing member 144 is embedded in the main body 12 and is in the form of a reinforcing steel having a length that extends substantially toward the opposing end edge 20 over substantially the entire length of the main body. Further, it is the coupling member 14 having the shape of the leg 146 that is embedded in the main body 12 and protrudes from the end edge 16 (or the lower end) of the element 10. The leg 146 is in the form of a length of steel with a plate 148 welded to its end forming the base. Alternatively, the leg 146 is formed from an I beam having a predetermined length.

  In FIG. 32, the opposing edge 20 of the element 10 is in the form of a socket 18 as described with respect to the first embodiment of the building element 10 and includes a hollow corrugated tube 30, a receiving tube 36 and a conduit 32. The precast building element 10 also includes a generally central conduit 150 extending between the edge 16 and the opposite edge 20 of the body 12. The pipe 50 has, for example, a box shape or a circular cross section, and its purpose will be described below.

  As shown in FIG. 32, the element 10 is positioned by fixing the leg 146 to the reinforced concrete slab 152 via the plate 148. This is achieved, for example, using dynabolts. The upper end of the element is exactly vertical using a temporary support 48. A start bar 154 protruding from the reinforced concrete slab 152 is connected to the protruding reinforcing element 144 of the element 10. A conventional mold 156 then surrounds the base portion of the element, including the reinforcing elements 144, the legs 146 and the starter bar 154. A hardener such as 10 millimeter aggregate superfluid concrete is injected below the conduit 150 to cover the substrate volume of the element 10. Once cured, the formwork 156 and struts 48 are removed, leaving the element 10 in place to begin building with the elements of the present invention as described above.

  FIGS. 33-35 show an alternative method of positioning the precast building element 10 above the already injected floor 82. In this embodiment, the receiving tube 36 of the element 10 is used to place the locating pin 158 to hold the tongue and groove plate 160 in place. The tongue and groove plate 160 leaves a recess on the floor 82 that is filled with non-shrink grout when the plate 160 is removed. The precast element according to the invention is then lowered from above into place so that the rod 14 is inserted into the receiving tube 36 as described above.

  FIG. 36 illustrates an alternative precast building element according to another embodiment of the present invention, where element 10 is larger than a standard column or wall element 10. The illustrated element 10 includes eight coupling members in the form of sockets 18 and eight coupled coupling members in the form of receiving tubes 36 reinforced with welded plates 162. Accordingly, a structure formed from these interdigitated large elements has the necessary structural connectivity due to more interdigitated coupling members and sockets.

  37-39, according to one embodiment, an adjustment bolt 164 is provided on the precast element 10 and the adjustment bolt 164 is coupled to a member 166 molded into the element. Bolts 164 and members 166 are adjusted to the lateral and transverse positions of the elements, if necessary, by adjusting the appropriate bolts. This allows for precise adjustment of the position of the elements to ensure accuracy.

  40 to 43, the precast building element 10 of the present invention is molded in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. FIG. 41 shows an alternative method of forming the conduit 32 by inserting bolts into nuts or washers or the like secured to the end of the hollow tube 30 of the precast building element. FIG. 42 shows a mold 168 for vertically molding a precast building element, the mold part 170 being bolted together at each end to prevent spillage of the stiffener during pouring. The Z-bar 86 is bolted through the part to hold tube 30 in place and to help prevent movement during injection of part 170. In this embodiment, the 5 millimeter plate 173 includes a hole 175 that is precisely cut to the desired location using a laser cutting technique to accommodate and accurately position the rod 14. The plywood sheet 177 also helps support the rod 14 and helps prevent outflow from the mold 168. FIG. 43 shows a coupling member 14 in the form of a rod, a socket 18 in the form of a tube 30 and a conduit 32 through which a Z-bar passes to hold the tube 30 in place during the molding and injection process. 1 illustrates an isometric projection of a typical vertical shaped building element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The molded part 170 is attached via hinge means 171 at the corners to facilitate release of the molded part, and the steel spacer 172 helps maintain the correct position during injection.

  Another alternative embodiment of the precast building element 10 according to one aspect of the present invention is shown in FIGS. In this embodiment of the element 10, a coupling member in the form of two sockets 18 is provided on the edge 16 of the body 12, and the coupling member 14 projects from the opposing edge 20 of the body. A socket 18 in the form of a hollow hole 30 is provided, and the coupling member 14 is in the form of a steel rod 14 and is embedded in the main body 12 by a depth greater than the total length of the rod 14 protruding from the main body. The

  The fixing means 24 is in the form of a metal support plate 24 having a hole 26 through which the rod-like body 14 passes, and is provided on the edge 16 of the main body 12. The plate 24 is fixed to the edge 16 of the body with the help of a bar or bar 28 that is welded to the plate and embedded in the body 12. Thus, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the metal support plate 24 is positioned on the socket 18 so that the holes 26 are aligned with the socket 18.

  At the opposing edge 20 of the main body, the receiving pipe 36 is partially embedded in the main body 12 and partially protrudes from the opposing edge 20. However, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the tube 36 is welded to the rod 14. Further details of this configuration are shown in FIG.

  In the present embodiment, the transverse duct 32 is provided toward the end of the rod-like body 14 for the same purpose as described above. However, this embodiment also includes a conduit 230 that extends from the edge of the body 12 to the socket 18 to allow injection of grout into the socket 18 once the adjacent element 10 is in place. .

  The coupling of the elements 10 according to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 44 and 45 will be described below. The lower element is fixed at a predetermined position in a state where the coupling member 14 of the opposed edge 20 extends upward. This is accomplished as described above with reference to FIG. 11, but instead of using a large receiving tube 60, it is inserted into the socket 18 of the first lower element. 14 is used.

  The lower element coupling member until the metal plate 24 on the edge 16 of the upper adjacent element abuts the support plate 38 of the lower element receiving tube 36 so that there is a space between the two precast building elements. The upper adjacent element is lowered so that 14 is inserted and received in the socket 18 of the upper element. In the correct position, as described above, a space 46 is formed between the upper and lower elements for the injection of the floor structure. The upper and lower elements are fixed and accurately positioned using the positioning shoe 50, the collar 51 and the temporary support 48 as described above. When the correct position is achieved, the metal support plate 24 and the support plate 38 are stitch welded. Non-shrink grout 34 is injected into socket 18 via line 230. As the grout hardens, the positioning shoe 50, collar 51 and temporary post 48 are removed, leaving a self-supporting upper adjacent precast building element.

  A further alternative embodiment of the precast building element 10 according to one aspect of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, a connecting member in the form of a socket 18 is provided on the end edge 16 of the main body 12, and the connecting member 14 in the form of a rod-like body protrudes from the opposite end edge 20 of the main body in FIG. Similar to what is shown. However, in this embodiment, the hollow receiving tube 36 is coupled to the socket so as to be partially embedded in the main body 12. In this sense, the configuration of the socket and the receiving tube is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. The metal plate 24 provided with the hole 26 through which the rod-like body 14 passes is provided on the opposite side 20 as described with reference to FIG.

  The construction method using the embodiment shown in FIG. 46 is as follows. When the first lower element is in place as described with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 44 and 45, the rod 14 of the lower element is inserted into the receiving tube 36 and socket 18 of the upper adjacent element. , The adjacent upper element is lowered. The upper element is lowered until the upper element support plate 38 abuts the lower element plate 24. As described above, using the positioning shoe 50, the collar 51, and the temporary support column 48, the element 10 is accurately positioned, and the support plate 38 is stitch-welded to the contact plate 24 of the lower adjacent element. As described above, the receiving tube 36 is positioned in the body 12 of the element 10 such that a space 46 is formed between the upper and lower elements for injection of the floor structure. The non-shrink grout 34 is injected into the socket 18 via a conduit 230 extending between the edge of the body 18 and the base of the socket 18. When the grout is cured, the positioning shoe 50, the collar 51, and the temporary support column 48 are removed.

Yet another alternative embodiment of a precast cementitious building element 10 according to another aspect of the present invention is shown in FIGS. Element 10 is the element shown in FIG. 1 except that at least one generally U-shaped bar 240 is partially embedded in body 12 and protrudes from edge 16 and / or opposing edge 20 of body 12. Is the same. In the illustrated embodiment, a first pair of U-shaped bars 240a protrude from the edge 16 of the body 12, and a second pair of U-shaped bars 240b protrude from the opposite edge 20 of the body. The first and second pairs of U-shaped bars 240a, 240b are coupled to the element reinforcement member 22 by any suitable means well known in the art.

  Referring to the composite cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 48, this figure shows the top and bottom views of the body of FIG. 47, where the first pair of U-shaped bars 240a is more of the element 10 than the second pair of U-shaped bars 240b. The bar 240a is disposed inward of the bar 240b so as to be located near the center axis 241 of the edge. In the present embodiment, the U-shaped bar is positioned substantially parallel to the central axis 241.

  When the two elements 10 are joined together as described above, the first pair of U-shaped bars 240a are between and substantially parallel to the second pair of U-shaped bars 240b of adjacent elements. Therefore, the U-shaped bar 240 extends into the space 46 formed between the elements 10. As a result, the U-shaped bar 240 provides a complete “growth bar” between the reinforcing members 22 of adjacent building elements. The U-shaped bar 240 also provides additional reinforcement to the floor 82 that is injected into the space 46 between the coupling elements 10. The reinforcement used for the floor also joins together adjacent U-shaped bars 240a, 240b. Thus, improved structural connectivity between the building element 10 and the floor 82 is obtained.

  49 and 50 show another embodiment of the precast building element 10 similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. In the present embodiment, the plurality of U-shaped bars 240 are embedded in the main body 10 such that the plurality of first U-shaped bars 240 protrude from the end edge 16 and the plurality of second U-shaped bars 240 protrude from the opposite end edge 20. Is done. As shown in FIG. 50, the positions of the first and second U-shaped bars are offset from each other such that one set of U-shaped bars passes between the other sets.

  Of course, the concept achieved by the U-shaped bar 240 is the combination of a single U-shaped bar protruding from the edge 16 and a single U-shaped bar protruding from the opposite edge 20, adjacent elements 10 combined. This is accomplished by a bar that is positioned relative to the central axis 241 so that the bar does not collide when done. Of course, in an alternative embodiment, the U-shaped bar 240 b protruding from the second edge 20 is located closer to the central axis 241 than the U-shaped bar 240 a protruding from the edge 16. Other variations on the shape and arrangement of the U-shape 240 are also contemplated. For example, or alternatively, the U-shaped bar 240 is rotated 90 degrees so as to be positioned substantially perpendicular to the central axis 241. This orientation of the U-shaped bar 240 makes it easier for the stiffener to pass through the U-shaped bar and structure.

  FIG. 51 shows an alternative embodiment of the lifting device shown in FIG. The features of the body 12 and the lift device are shown in FIG. 16 and described above, except that during the precast process, a lift clutch 242 to which a safety chain 244 is attached during lifting is embedded in the body 12 of the element 10. Is the same. As mentioned above, the safety chain 244 is not essential for lifting, but provides backup support in the unlikely event that the lifting plate 76, D-clip 78 and / or crane sling 80 is damaged. However, unlike the prior art, since the safety chain 244 is a secondary lifting means, it is not necessary to go around the element 10, and it takes time to go around the element 10 and damage the cementitious body 12. It might be. Rather, the safety chain 244 is simply attached to the lifting clutch 242. Safety chains are also required in some countries / states / regions to meet the requirements for occupational health safety.

  FIG. 52 shows another embodiment of the receiving tube 36, in which a square steel washer 44 is welded to the bottom plate 40 that is used to help position the element as the bolt passes through during the forming of the element. The FIG. 53 shows another view of the receiving tube 36, the corrugated tube 30, the transverse conduit 32, and the uncontracted grout 34.

  Thus, the precast cementitious building element, the building method and the building system of the present invention are based on the prior art by the precisely positioned coupling elements 14, 18 of the building element 10 which allows the element to be positioned easily and accurately. Provides a solution to the above problems. Precise positioning is also facilitated by the positioning shoe 50 and the collar 51. The welding of adjacent element coupling elements ensures that adjacent elements are fixed in place. The space 46 formed between adjacent elements allows the floor structure 82 to be injected if necessary without delaying the construction of higher structures and spare formwork. The space 46 also provides a complete “growth bar” that penetrates the structure with the reinforcement members. The longitudinal copper tube 32 of the element facilitates the building process because the workbench 84 is attached both internally and externally and the element 10 is safely lifted through the copper tube 32. The struts 48, 54 are only required to temporarily support the building element 10 until the coupling members are welded together. Once welded, the post is removed, leaving a self-supporting precast cementitious building element on which the next floor is built. The strength and structural connectivity of the elements and structures comprising such elements allows lesser volume of material to be used, reducing material costs and increasing available internal space. Additional advantages and benefits of the building elements of the present invention will be readily appreciated from the foregoing detailed description.

  Throughout the specification, the aim has been to describe the invention without limiting the invention to one embodiment or a specific collection of configurations. Those skilled in the art can still appreciate variations from the specific embodiments that are within the scope of the present invention.

The schematic front view which shows the precast building element which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view showing a precast building element according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing two joined precast building elements. The enlarged schematic side view which shows the socket of the building element shown by FIG. The schematic plan view which shows the support plate of the socket of FIG. 1 and the building element of FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of the receiving tube for the building element shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating another alternative embodiment of a receiving tube. A is a schematic front and side view showing a combined precast building element according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. The schematic front and side view which show the precast building element shown by the building method which concerns on FIG. 1 and this invention embodiment. FIG. 9 is a schematic front view showing an alternative construction method of the method shown in FIG. 8 using a positioning frame. The schematic plan view which shows the positioning frame of FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The schematic front view which shows the base | substrate and construction of the construction method which concern on embodiment of this invention. The schematic side view which shows the positioning shoe and collar used with the construction method shown by FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic plan view showing the positioning shoe and the collar of FIG. 12. The schematic side view which shows the extension base | substrate and push pull support | pillar used with the construction method shown by FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing an alternative embodiment of a positioning shoe. A is a schematic front and side view showing the support of two precast building elements and upper adjacent building elements. The schematic front view which shows the precast building element of FIG. 1, and its lifting apparatus. The schematic side view which shows the precast building element and lift apparatus of FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a plurality of work benches attached to the outside of a vertical wall constructed from the elements of FIG. 1 using the building method according to the embodiment of the present invention. The schematic front view of FIG. The schematic top view which shows embodiment of the lift core which concerns on one Embodiment built from embodiment of the precast building element of this invention. The schematic top view which shows embodiment of the stair core which concerns on one Embodiment built from embodiment of the precast building element of this invention. FIG. 22 is a schematic plan view showing stitch welding between adjacent elements of the core shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. FIG. 22 is a schematic plan view showing some of the precast building elements of FIG. 21. The schematic top view which shows the precast building element which concerns on embodiment of this invention joined using the conventional formwork. A is a schematic plan view which shows the joining method of the adjacent precast building element which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The schematic side view which shows the construction method of the wall and stairs which concern on embodiment of this invention. The schematic side view which shows the alternative construction method of the wall and stairs which concern on embodiment of this invention. The schematic front view which shows the horizontal precast floor element joining method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Schematic which shows the alternative method of the construction method shown by FIG. A is a schematic plan view which shows the vertical precast wall element joining method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. B is a schematic plan view showing further details of the method shown in FIG. 28A. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view showing an alternative precast building element according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 is a schematic front view showing two precast building elements of the type shown in FIG. 29 and a related building method according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 30 is a schematic side view illustrating the positioning of a precast building element of the type shown in FIG. 29. The schematic front and side view which show the related construction method which uses the conventional formwork for the base of the precast building element and precast element which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. 2 is a schematic front view showing an alternative positioning method for the precast building element of FIG. 1 after the floor has been injected. FIG. FIG. 34 is a schematic plan view showing a ridge board of the building element shown in FIG. 33. FIG. 34 is an enlarged schematic view showing the tongue and plate of FIG. 33 and a receiving pipe. The schematic top view which shows the precast building element containing the some acceptance pipe which concerns on another embodiment of this invention. The schematic top view which shows embodiment of the precast element containing an adjustment bolt. The schematic front view of FIG. FIG. 38 is a schematic front view showing the elements of FIG. 37 coupled together. The schematic plan view which shows the type | mold for horizontal shaping | molding of the precast building element of FIG. 2 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The schematic side view which shows the alternative pipe line formation method of a precast building element. The schematic front view which shows the type | mold for vertical shaping | molding of the precast building element of FIG. 2 which concerns on embodiment of this invention. FIG. 3 is an isometric view showing a vertically formed building element according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing a precast building element according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. The schematic plan view which shows the support plate, pipe | tube, and coupling member of FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing a precast building element according to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing a precast building element according to yet another alternative embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 48 is a schematic plan view of the element of FIG. 47 showing the position of the U-shaped bar protruding from the first and second sides of the element. FIG. 6 is a schematic front view showing a precast building element according to another alternative embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 50 is a schematic plan view of the element of FIG. 49 showing the location of U-shaped bars protruding from the first and second sides of the element. FIG. 17 is a schematic front view showing an alternative embodiment of the precast building element and the lifting device shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 6 is a schematic partial front view showing an alternative embodiment of a receiving tube. Another schematic diagram showing a corrugated tube and a receiving tube.

Claims (57)

A precast cementitious building element,
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
And at least one coupling member provided on the opposite edge of the body,
The at least one coupling member projecting from the edge of the adjacent precast building element is such that, when combined with the adjacent precast building element, there is a space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element. A building element configured to be coupled with a coupling member at an opposite edge. The building element according to claim 1, wherein the coupling member is a metal plate extending from an end edge and an opposite end edge of the main body. The building element according to claim 2, wherein the metal plate is partially embedded in the main body. The building element according to claim 2, further comprising a reinforcing member welded to the metal plate. The building element according to claim 4, wherein the reinforcing member is completely embedded in the main body. The building element according to claim 4, wherein the reinforcing member is U-shaped. The building element according to claim 1, wherein at least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the main body is a rod-shaped body. The building element according to claim 7, wherein the rod-shaped body is at least partially embedded in the main body. The building element according to claim 7, further comprising a support plate provided around the rod-shaped body at an edge of the main body. The building element according to claim 1, wherein the at least one coupling member provided at the opposing edge of the main body includes a socket extending to the main body. The building element according to claim 10, wherein the socket includes a hollow tube embedded in the main body. The building element according to claim 10, wherein the at least one coupling member provided at the opposing edge of the main body further includes a hollow receiving pipe at least partially embedded in the main body. The building element of claim 12, wherein a longitudinal axis of the hollow receiving tube is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the socket. The building element according to claim 12, further comprising a support plate provided at a free end of the hollow receiving pipe, the support plate having a through hole. The building element according to claim 10, further comprising a pipe line penetrating each of the sockets between opposing surfaces of the main body. The building element according to claim 10, further comprising a support plate provided around the hole of the socket at the opposite end edge of the main body. 8. The building element of claim 7, wherein the at least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body further includes a hollow receiving tube that is at least partially embedded in the body. 18. A building element according to claim 17, wherein the longitudinal axis of the hollow receiving tube is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the rod-like body. The building element according to claim 7, further comprising a pipe line extending between opposing surfaces of the main body at a base of each of the rod-shaped bodies. 8. The building element of claim 7, further comprising at least one conduit extending between a base of the socket and an edge of the body. The building element according to claim 1, wherein the coupling member is an I-beam. At least one coupling member projecting from an edge of the main body and at least one coupling member provided at the opposite end of the main body are I beams embedded in the main body, and the I beams are The building element according to claim 21, wherein the building element extends between an edge and an opposing edge of the body. The building element according to claim 21, further comprising a support plate provided at an end of each of the I beams. The building element according to claim 1, comprising a groove extending between an edge of the body and an opposing edge of the body. The building element according to claim 1, wherein at least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the main body includes at least one reinforcing member. 26. A building element according to claim 25, wherein the at least one reinforcing member is embedded in the main body and extends substantially toward the opposing edge of the main body. The building element of claim 1, further comprising at least one generally U-shaped bar protruding from an edge of the body. The building element of claim 1, further comprising at least one generally U-shaped bar projecting from an opposing edge of the body. When the precast building element is combined with the adjacent precast building element, the at least one generally U-shaped bar protruding from the opposite edge of the body of the precast building element is an edge of the adjacent precast building element body. 29. The building element of claim 28, wherein the building element is substantially aligned with at least one generally U-shaped bar projecting therefrom. 30. A building element according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the generally U-shaped bar is aligned with a central axis of an edge of the body and / or an opposing edge. 30. A building element according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the generally U-shaped bar is substantially orthogonal to the central axis of the edge of the body and / or the opposing edge. The building element according to claim 1, further comprising at least one adjusting bolt for adjusting a position of the building element. A building method using precast cementitious building elements, each building element comprising:
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
At least one coupling member provided at an opposing edge of the body, wherein the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge is coupled to a coupling member at the opposing edge of an adjacent precast building element. Is composed of
The method includes combining the precast building element with the adjacent precast building element such that there is a space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising configuring at least a portion of a floor structure in a space between the precast building element and the adjacent precast building element. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising supporting the adjacent precast building element with at least one strut. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising welding together at least one coupling member projecting from an edge of the body and at least one coupling member provided at an opposing edge of the body. . When the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge of the body and the at least one coupling member provided at the opposite edge of the body are welded together to leave a self-supporting adjacent precast building element, 37. The method of claim 36, further comprising removing at least one strut that supports the adjacent precast building element. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the step of coupling includes the step of inserting at least one coupling member of the building element into at least one coupling member of the adjacent building element. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the joining step includes inserting at least one bar of the building element into a socket extending to the adjacent building element body. The at least one bar-shaped body is inserted until a support plate provided around the bar-shaped body on the building element comes into contact with a hollow receiving pipe aligned with the socket of an adjacent building element. 40. The method of claim 39. The at least one bar is inserted until a hollow receiving tube aligned with the bar on the building element comes into contact with a support plate provided around a socket of the adjacent building element. 40. The method of claim 39. 34. The coupling step includes a step of bringing one end of at least one I-beam of the building element into contact with a support plate provided at one end of the I-beam of the adjacent building element. Method. The coupling step includes aligning at least one U-shaped bar projecting from a main body edge of the building element substantially parallel to at least one U-shaped bar projecting from an opposing edge of the adjacent building element. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising. The joining step includes a step of aligning a pair of U-shaped bars projecting from a main body edge of the building element substantially in parallel with and between a pair of U-shaped bars projecting from opposing edges of the adjacent building element. 34. The method of claim 33. 44. The method of claim 43, including the step of passing a reinforcing member through the generally aligned U-shaped bar. 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising filling the socket with a hardener. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising the step of guiding said adjacent building element into position with the help of at least one positioning shoe. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising attaching a collar to the coupling member protruding from the body edge and abutting the positioning shoe against the collar. 48. The method of claim 47, further comprising temporarily supporting the adjacent building element with a post coupled to a base, the base abutting the positioning shoe. 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising the step of coupling a workbench with the building element via a conduit formed in the building element. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the coupling step includes welding together at least one coupling member projecting from the body edge and the at least one coupling member projecting from a foundation. 52. The method of claim 51, further comprising filling a volume around the at least one coupling member projecting from the body edge and the at least one coupling member projecting from the foundation with a hardener. Method. 53. The method of claim 52, wherein the filling step includes injecting a hardener through the groove of the building element, the groove extending from an edge of the building element to an opposite edge. A multi-storey building construction system,
A plurality of precast cementitious building elements, and each of the building elements comprises:
The body,
At least one coupling member protruding from an edge of the body;
At least one coupling member provided at an opposite edge of the body, wherein the at least one coupling member protruding from the edge is coupled to the adjacent precast building element and the precast building element and the Configured to couple with coupling members at opposite edges of adjacent precast building elements such that there is a space between adjacent precast building elements;
A plurality of floor structures, each of the floor structures extending through a space between the precast building element and an adjacent precast building element. A precast cementitious building element substrate according to claim 1,
A board supported by a foundation,
At least one coupling member projecting from the plate, wherein the at least one coupling member is configured to engage at least one coupling member projecting from an edge of the building element. Characteristic substrate. A method for connecting precast cementitious building elements according to claim 1,
Welding together the building elements and the reinforcing members of the adjacent building elements; and
Filling the space between the building elements with a hardener. A building comprising the precast cementitious building element of claim 1.

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