JP2008261868A - Method of generating a lot of heat and helium by nuclear fusion using superhigh-density deuterated nanoparticle and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of generating a lot of heat and helium by a nuclear fusion reaction using superhigh-density deuterated nanoparticles, and to provide its device. <P>SOLUTION: Deuterium is made to solid dissolve in metal ultrafine nanoparticles, and super high density deuterated nanoparticles of 200% or more atomic ratio (deuterium/metal) are obtained by forming a deuterium condensate. A lot of heat and helium are subsequently generated by adding energy to the particles and/or the deuterium condensate and initiating the nuclear fusion reaction. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a new energy that human beings demand is safe and guarantees the permanence of resources, a method for mass-producing helium gas that is useful but extremely low in existence rate, and a new energy obtained by the method. It relates to the provision of helium. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to the development of new science and technology in a wide range of fields such as energy science and engineering, material cooking engineering, refrigerant engineering, and aeronautical engineering, as well as all activities for the survival of humankind, and thus the preservation of the global environment. It contributes immensely.

Conventional energy development has been carried out using fossil fuels, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power, hydrogen, solar energy and the like. However, all of these have serious problems related to resources, environment, efficiency, etc., and their future potential is concerned. On the other hand, ultra-high temperature nuclear fusion has been tried as a new energy, but at present, the road to practical use is still far away. In recent years, research on energy development by electrolysis using palladium (Pd) has been carried out, but most of them have been questioned, and among them, the present inventors have succeeded in producing ultrafine Pd. Even in the DS-cathode using black (WO 95/35574) and the cathode using metal nanoparticles (Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Vol. 78, Ser. B, No. 3, pp. 57-62, 2002). The efficiency was poor and industrialization was impossible. Furthermore, the inventors tried to implant heavy water (D ₂ O) into bulk (metal mass) and foil (metal foil) by ultrasonic energy and induce the fusion reaction there, but the heat generation efficiency was extremely high. It was low and practical application was impossible (Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Vol. 78, Ser. B, No. 3, pp. 63-68, 2002).

  In the present invention, a surface layer corresponding to metal nano-ultrafine particles and two-dimensional metal nanoparticles (hereinafter, both are collectively referred to as “atom clusters”) can be used in a conventional bulk (metal mass) or foil (metal foil). ) Is based on the surprising and clever application of the knowledge that it exhibits a heterogeneous function or behavior to a fusion reaction and its outstanding inventiveness. In other words, the present invention has been completed by searching, selecting, and setting combinations of new and innovative conditions using the above-described atom clusters, instead of modifying the conditions under conventional use of bulk and foil.

  Furthermore, as a result of many years of hard work and diligent research, the inventors have determined that the solid solubility of deuterium is at most atomic ratio (heavy) even for palladium (Pd), which is known to absorb hydrogen most. Hydrogen atom / metal atom) 70-80%, and the conventional theory that it is impossible to exceed 100% was reversed. Moreover, surprisingly, a pressurizing effect equivalent to several hundred million atmospheres on hydrogen gas is realized under practical pressures of about 0.3 to about 100 atmospheres, and this is used for fusion reactions. did. This invention was completed based on such feats and insights.

According to the present invention, the following (1) to (11) are provided:
(1) Solid deuterium is dissolved in a surface layer corresponding to metal nano-ultrafine particles or a group thereof or a two-dimensional metal nanoultrafine particle, and a local condensate of ultrahigh-density deuterium is formed in each metal lattice, By applying energy to the ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles obtained from this and / or the deuterium condensate in which the particles or the surface layer occlude, induce or induce a fusion reaction, A method of obtaining heat and a method of producing and mass producing helium.
(2) At least one kind of metal selected from a metal group such as palladium, titanium, zirconium, silver, or two or more kinds of metal nano ultrafine particles, a group thereof, and a surface layer corresponding to the two-dimensional metal nano ultrafine particles The method for obtaining a large amount of heat as described in (1) above, which is composed of a combination of metals, and a method for producing and mass producing helium.
(3) In the case where the metal nano ultrafine particles (spherical shape), the group thereof, and the surface layer (circular shape) corresponding to the two-dimensional metal nano ultra fine particles are embedded, the average diameter is composed of at least 13 metal atoms. A method for obtaining a large amount of heat as described in (1) or (2) above and a method for producing and producing helium in a range from a lattice size to a maximum of 5 nm.
(4) When the metal nano-ultrafine particles (spherical shape), the group, and the surface layer (circular shape) corresponding to the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles are isolated, the average diameter is composed of at least 13 metal atoms. A method for obtaining a large amount of heat as described in (1) or (2) above and a method for producing and producing helium in a range from a lattice size to a maximum of 15 nm.
(5) Before adjusting the surface layer corresponding to the ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles, the population thereof, and the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles to be configured with an atomic ratio (deuterium / metal) of at least 200 percent ( A method for obtaining a large amount of heat as described in 1) to (4) and a method for producing and mass producing helium.
(6) The energy is at least one kind of impact energy selected from ultrasonic, strong magnetic field, high pressure, laser, laser implosion, high density electron beam, high density current, discharge, chemical reaction energy source group and / or stationary. A method for obtaining a large amount of heat as described in (1) to (5) above and a method for producing and mass producing helium, wherein the energy is the intensity or amount causing the fusion reaction.
(7) Means for dissolving deuterium in a surface layer corresponding to metal nano-ultrafine particles or a group thereof or a two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particle and forming a local condensate of ultrahigh-density deuterium in each metal lattice , Ultrahigh density deuterated nanoparticles obtained therefrom, and / or means for inducing or inducing a nuclear fusion reaction by applying energy to the deuterium condensate occluded by the particles or the surface layer, and nucleus An apparatus or system for obtaining a large amount of heat, comprising at least a fusion reaction vessel, an apparatus or system for producing and producing helium, and an apparatus or system for mass-producing both heat and helium.
(8) Energy is applied to the ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles and / or the deuterium condensate having a surface layer corresponding to the particles or the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles described in (1) or (5) above. A device or system for obtaining a large amount of heat, characterized in that it has at least a means for inducing or inducing a fusion reaction, and a fusion reaction vessel, a device or system for producing and mass producing helium, and both heat and helium A device or system for mass production at the same time.
(9) One method selected from the methods described in (1) to (6) above, or helium produced by the apparatus of (7) or (8).
(10) A surface layer corresponding to the metal nano-ultrafine particles described in (1), (2), (3) or (4) and a group thereof and the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles.
(11) An ultra-high-density deuterated surface layer corresponding to the ultra-high-density deuterated nanoparticles described above (1) or (5), a group thereof, and two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles.

  The method according to the present invention is safe without the danger of radioactivity, and the permanence of resources is guaranteed, and the operation and maintenance are easy. At the same time as energy creation, precious helium gas is mass-produced and widely provided at a low cost. Furthermore, the reaction gas containing He ejected from the fusion reactor according to the present invention does not need to be converted into steam, and can be directly used as a jet gas for driving a generator or a machine. is there. In particular, as a new and clean energy, it brings immense benefits and the supreme gospel for the survival of mankind and the preservation of the global environment.

  Metal nano-ultrafine particles: The term “metal nano-ultrafine particles” described in this specification also means “metal nano-ultrafine particles and a group thereof” and “surface layer corresponding to two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles”. In addition, the atom may be referred to as “atom cluster”. The average diameter of the surface layer (circular shape) corresponding to the metal nano-ultrafine particles (spherical shape) and the two-dimensional metal nanoultrafine particles is from a lattice size composed of at least 13 metal atoms to a maximum of 5 nm in the case of the embedded type. In the case of an isolated type, the range is up to 15 nm. The particles are composed of at least one metal selected from a metal group such as palladium, titanium, zirconium, and silver. Two or more kinds of metals can be used in a form in which these metal nano-ultrafine particles are mixed or coexistent, or in an alloy form in which these metal atoms are mixed.

  By the way, when a substance is subdivided, its physical properties change rapidly when it becomes below a certain critical size. An atom cluster is a term for an atomic group whose physical properties have changed suddenly in this way (Materials Transaction, JIM, Vol. 35, No. 9, pp. 563-575, 1994). Note that sudden changes in physical properties are, for example, a physical phenomenon that occurs when a wooden inelastic lattice changes to that made of a spring, assuming a lattice of 4 atoms, that is, a phenomenon in which the bonds between atoms are elastic. It is recognized that there is. In the present invention, metal particles or metal crystal lattices whose physical properties are abruptly changed due to ultrafine components, and metal surface layers are used as materials that are effective for the production of ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles described later, that is, as described above. It is used as a surface layer corresponding to metal nano ultrafine particles or two-dimensional metal nano ultra fine particles.

The metal nano-ultrafine particles can be produced in the form of ZrO ₂ · Pd having an average diameter of about 5 nm by an oxidation method of an amorphous alloy, for example, oxidation of a Zr ₆₅ · Pd ₃₅ amorphous alloy. Details thereof are described in JP-A-2002-105609. It can also be prepared by vapor deposition. For details, see Materials Transaction, JIM, Vol. 35 (described above).

  According to this invention, the metal nano-ultrafine particles are “embedded” embedded in the support in an independent state for each particle without being in contact with each other, or liquid in an independent state for each particle without being in contact with each other. Used by “isolated” dispersed in gas, substrate, etc. The average diameter of the particles in the embedded type is in a range from a lattice size composed of at least 13 metal atoms to a maximum of 5 nm, and the average diameter of the particles in the isolated type is at least 13 metal atoms. A range from the configured lattice size up to 15 nm is required. Incidentally, the surface layer corresponding to the metal nano-ultrafine particles (atom clusters) and the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles according to the present invention can be provided or marketed alone as a material for fusion reaction.

Ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles: The term “ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles” described herein refers to “ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles and populations thereof” and “two-dimensional ultra high density deuterium”. It also means “ultra-high density deuterated surface layer corresponding to hydrogenated nanoparticles”. By using a surface layer corresponding to the above-mentioned metal nano-ultrafine particles (atom clusters) and two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles as a host, deuterium atoms having an atomic ratio (number of deuterium atoms / number of metal atoms) of 200% or more can be obtained. It can be dissolved. In the present invention, for example, deuterium is occluded in an embedded atom cluster having an average diameter of 5 nm or less under pressure. By such pressurization, deuterium having an atomic ratio of 250% or more at 10 atm or less and about 300% at 100 atm is solid-solved, and the ultra-high density deuterium condensate is easily locally in the metal crystal lattice. Thus, ultrahigh density deuterated nanoparticles can be obtained. The deuterium condensate is formed in order to reduce the nuclear spacing of the two deuterium atoms to 0.25 mm or less, which is capable of nuclear fusion, and the deuterium condensate forms deuterium gas loaded with several hundred million atmospheres. It is estimated that a corresponding pressurizing effect (exactly when the atomic ratio is 400%) is received. A commercially available deuterium can be used. Also, the ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles according to the present invention, the group thereof, and the ultra-high density deuterated surface layer corresponding to the two-dimensional metal nano-ultrafine particles are provided or commercially available as a fusion reaction material. be able to.

Energy: As used herein, “energy” means both impact energy and steady energy. Ultrasound, strong magnetic field, high pressure, laser as means or energy source of load energy to ultra-dense deuterated nanoparticles and their groups, and ultra-dense deuterated surface layer corresponding to 2D metal nano-ultrafine particles Laser implosion, high-density electron beam, high-density current, discharge, chemical reaction, etc. can be used. These energies can be used alone or in combination of two or more. In the case of using ultrasonic waves, a conduction medium for conducting the energy to the fusion reactant is required, and for example, D ₂ O (commercially available) or H ₂ O is used. Can do. Further, as the degree of energy to be applied, for example, an intensity of ultrasonic waves or an amount sufficient to induce or induce a fusion reaction is required, such as an intensity of 19 kHz at 300 watts.

Apparatus and system for fusion reaction: Basically, a fusion reaction container for accommodating a fusion reactant, a means for controlling the fusion reaction, and adding the impact energy and / or steady energy to the above reactant to carry out the fusion reaction. An apparatus or system with means for inducing or triggering, means for using heat generation and / or means for collecting helium is recommended. In addition, the above basic means included in such an apparatus or system can be added and / or omitted as appropriate. For example, the ultrasonic excitation fusion reaction apparatus shown in FIG. 1 can be used. Incidentally, each of the names of the code portion of Figure 1, the reaction vessel 1, a nuclear fusion reaction body 2, the ultrasonic transducer 3, the ultrasonic conducting medium 4, the vacuum exhaust port 5, the gas (D _2, H _2, etc.) Inlet 6, a medium (D ₂ O, H ₂ O, etc.) inlet 7 and a gas outlet 8 for driving the turbine generator. In this case, the exhaust gas can be used for both the power source for driving the turbine generator and the helium source.

  In addition, the fusion reaction apparatus and system according to the present invention can be reduced in size and portability that could not be put into practical use as a means for power generation, battery, heating, cooling, etc. .

  Exothermic: The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the fusion reaction vessel can be used as a driving power source for a turbine generator or machine without being converted into steam or potential energy by jetting. Furthermore, it can be put to practical use in all fields as alternative energy such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, coal, oil, nuclear power, etc., and as clean energy that enables regeneration and maintenance of the global environment.

Extraction of helium: Helium produced in the fusion reactor is liquefied or solidified at around 50K, so the coexisting impure gas is removed by cooling or liquefying or solidifying at a cryogenic temperature, and as a gas Can be mass-produced. It is also possible to collect the impurities by adsorbing them on a purification column and removing them. The helium produced by the present invention can be used for well-known applications such as welding protective gas, balloon filling gas, discharge tube sealing gas, diving artificial air, and the like. It also encourages the development of new applications because of its large volume and low cost.
Elements used for fusion reactions: Elements having atomic numbers of 4 or less and their isotopes can be used. Of these, considering the ease of handling, it is preferable to use deuterium (D) alone and deuterium and hydrogen or tritium (T). More preferably, considering safety, the following DD fusion reaction:
² D + ² D = ⁴ He + lattice energy (23.8 MeV)
Is desirable because it is superior to the DD reaction described later, because it does not produce neutrons and the fusion reaction itself is relaxed. Therefore, deuterium (D) under various conditions of the DD reaction using the above-mentioned ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles or ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles made possible for the first time from the viewpoint of environmental conservation. Is recommended to be used alone. However, the publicly known DD fusion reaction that releases ³ H and neutrons by excessive collision of D atoms is very dangerous and is not desirable from the viewpoint of industrial use and environmental protection.

  Hereinafter, the configuration, operation, and effect of the invention of this application will be specifically described with reference to examples. However, the invention of this application is not limited to only the examples shown below.

<Example 1>
Fusion reaction: First, zirconia (ZrO ₂ ) is used as a support, and metal (Pd) nano-ultrafine particles with an average diameter of 5 nm are embedded in this support to produce so-called embedded metal nano-ultrafine particles (atom clusters). did. This atom cluster was applied to the fusion reactor shown in FIG. 1 to generate a large amount of heat and helium. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, after deuterium (D ₂ ) is injected into the atom cluster inserted into the inner bottom 2 of the reaction vessel 1, this is first occluded by pressurization, so that first a nuclear fusion reactant. (Ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles) 2 was prepared. Next, a nuclear fusion reaction was performed by applying impact energy generated by the operation of the ultrasonic transducer 3 to the nuclear fusion reactant 2 through an ultrasonic conduction medium (D ₂ O). Hereinafter, the procedure of the above operation will be described in detail.

Operation I: After inserting the above Pd atom clusters of 3.5g into the reactor vessel and subjected to bakeout at 0.99 ° C. while evacuating from the vacuum exhaust port 5 to a high vacuum ^(10- 7 Torr).

Operation II: By introducing deuterium (D ₂ ) gas from the inlet 6 at a constant rate (20 cc / min), the internal pressure of the vessel is brought to about 10 atm, and this gas is contained in the Pd atom cluster of the fusion reactant. Were dissolved in the state of D atoms, and a condensate was formed to obtain ultrahigh density deuterated nano Pd particles having an atomic ratio (D / Pd) of 250% or more. The amount of solid solution atoms was calculated from both the injection gas flow rate and the time to increase the gas pressure in the reaction vessel.

Operation III: Heavy water (D ₂ O) was injected into the reaction vessel from the injection port 7 so that the vibrator 3 was sufficiently immersed as shown in FIG.

  Operation IV: Ultrasonic energy was applied to the fusion reaction body 2 through the conductive medium 4 from the end face of the vibrator 3.

  The gas in the reaction vessel generated under the above conditions was analyzed with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). Further, a sample after completion of the reaction in the operation IV was taken out, heated to about 1,300 ° C. in the QMS sample container, and the generated gas was subjected to mass spectrometry in the same manner as described above.

The results are shown in FIGS. Note that Mass numbers M2 (= D) and M3 (= DH) in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). An extremely large amount of M4 in FIG. 3 (a) shows He, whereas FIG. ) M4 represents D ₂ . Incidentally, FIG. 3 (c) is a spectral representation of the M4, shows that D ₂ disappears with time, only He remains. It should be noted that M4 (= He) in FIG. 3 (a) is extremely large, indicating that the ultra-high density deuterium occluded in the atom clusters is changed and released. On the other hand, FIG. 3B shows that He and D are hardly present in the atom cluster after the reaction is completed.

When deuterium (D ₂ ) gas was injected in Operation III, about 40 kJ / mol was released as chemical reaction energy, and a slight temperature increase was detected on the outer wall of the reaction vessel (curve A in FIG. 2). Further, as shown by the curve B in FIG. 2, the temperature of the outer wall surface of the reaction vessel rapidly increased with the ultrasonic treatment in the operation IV, and a specific temperature characteristic was observed. This means that the fusion reaction continued for about 10 minutes. At that time, the medium D ₂ O is almost vaporized, decomposes into D ₂ or D, the inside of the reaction vessel becomes a high temperature / high pressure state, and shows the seriousness of the fusion reaction. Based on the above findings, the resulting fusion reaction was determined to be ² D + ² D = ⁴ He + lattice energy (23.8 MeV).

In the above-mentioned operation II, when the atomic ratio (D / Pd) is less than 200%, that is, when deuterated nano-Pd particles that do not absorb a large amount of deuterium are prepared and used for operations III and IV. It was confirmed that the medium D ₂ O almost remained without being evaporated and evaporated.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the principle of an ultrasonic excitation fusion apparatus. It is a figure which shows the change of the heat_generation | fever with time by the ultrasonic load of a super high density deuterated Pd atom cluster. Curve A shows the heat of chemical reaction at the time of deuterium gas injection before ultrasonic treatment, and B shows the time course of heat generation at the time of ultrasonic load. (A) And (c) is a figure which shows the result of having mass-analyzed using QMS about the reaction gas inside the reaction container produced by the nuclear fusion reaction. (B) is a figure which shows the result of having taken out a sample from the reaction container after completion | finish of the said reaction, heating to about 1,300 degreeC within the sample container of QMS, and mass-analyzing the generated gas similarly to the above.

Explanation of symbols

1 fusion reaction vessel 2 fusion reactant 3 ultrasonic vibrator 4 ultrasonic transmission medium 5 evacuation port 6 gas _{(D 2} gas) inlet 7 conductive medium _(D 2 O) inlet 8 turbine generator drive for Gas outlet

Claims (2)

A method of generating heat and helium,
Forming a super-dense deuterated nanoparticle having an atomic ratio (D / Pd) of 250% or more in a reaction vessel by dissolving deuterium atoms in metal nano ultrafine particles;
Injecting heavy water (D ₂ 0) into the reaction vessel as a conductive medium so that the vibrator is immersed;
Generating heat and helium by applying ultrasonic energy to the ultra-high density deuterated nanoparticles from the end face of the transducer via the conduction medium,
The metal nano-ultrafine particles are formed as “embedded” metal nano-ultrafine particles (atom clusters) by using ZrO ₂ as a support and embedding metal (Pd) nano-ultrafine particles having an average diameter of 5 nm in the support. A method that has been produced. A device for generating heat and helium,
A reaction vessel in which ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles having an atomic ratio (D / Pd) of 250% or more formed by dissolving deuterium atoms in metal nano ultrafine particles are disposed;
A vibrator arranged in the reaction vessel, the vibrator arranged to be immersed in heavy water (D ₂₀ ) as a conduction medium,
The apparatus is configured to generate heat and helium by applying ultrasonic energy from the end face of the transducer to the ultra high density deuterated nanoparticles via the conduction medium;
The metal nano-ultrafine particles are formed as “embedded” metal nano-ultrafine particles (atom clusters) by using ZrO ₂ as a support and embedding metal (Pd) nano-ultrafine particles having an average diameter of 5 nm in the support. A device that is manufactured.

Images