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JP2008119525A - 内視鏡用縫合器 - Google Patents

内視鏡用縫合器 Download PDF

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JP2008119525A
JP2008119525A JP2008033593A JP2008033593A JP2008119525A JP 2008119525 A JP2008119525 A JP 2008119525A JP 2008033593 A JP2008033593 A JP 2008033593A JP 2008033593 A JP2008033593 A JP 2008033593A JP 2008119525 A JP2008119525 A JP 2008119525A
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endoscope
curved needle
suture
suturing device
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Shoshi Sho
尚志 鍾
Hitoshi Mizuno
均 水野
Tetsuya Yamamoto
哲也 山本
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Olympus Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B2017/0496Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials for tensioning sutures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06004Means for attaching suture to needle
    • A61B2017/06009Means for attaching suture to needle having additional means for releasably clamping the suture to the needle, e.g. actuating rod slideable within the needle
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06004Means for attaching suture to needle
    • A61B2017/06042Means for attaching suture to needle located close to needle tip

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Abstract

【課題】軟性内視鏡を介して使用でき、穿刺力を曲針に効率よく伝達でき、その穿刺位置を自由に修正することができ、更に、全体の外径を小さく、内視鏡操作および縫合操作が容易な内視鏡用縫合器を提供すること。
【解決手段】体組織を縫合するための曲針2を有する縫合器1と、この曲針2を作動する回転ディスク3および駆動ワイヤ4とを具備し、これらの曲針と駆動手段とが縫合器1の遠位端部に配置され、更に、縫合器に結合される軟性内視鏡27を具備する内視鏡用縫合器。
【選択図】図2

Description

本発明は、体腔内で組織を縫合し、または止血するために内視鏡と共に使用する内視鏡用縫合器に関する。
近年、内視鏡を用いた治療が著しく進歩しており、腹部を切開する等の大手術を行うことなく治療することが可能となってきた。特に、体腔内における穿孔後の組織縫合、あるいは、止血等は内視鏡下で治療する際の極めて重要な手技であり、内視鏡を用いた様々な治療技術が開発されている。
例えば、米国特許第5,037,433号明細書に記載の方法は、可撓性チューブ部材に複数の軟性ルーメンを設け、軟性内視鏡がこれらのルーメンの一つに配置されるものである。内チューブが他のルーメンに配置され、鉗子を軟性部材内に配置した鉗子装置が、残りのルーメンの一つに配設される。曲針は、曲げ戻され、真直ぐに延ばした状態で、内チューブ内に挿入される。更に、曲針の手元側に縫合糸が取付けられる。縫合する際、内チューブの先端側に配置されたプッシュロッドを押すことにより、曲針が内チューブから押し出され、このときの元に戻ろうとする力を利用して、体腔内の傷口を縫合する。
米国特許第3,168,097号明細書は、外科手術の縫合時に使用する持針器を開示する。この米国特許では、曲針の手元側に縫合糸を取付け、これを持針器の先端部に位置する針ホルダにセットする。この針ホルダに固定されたプーリの外周部には柔軟ケーブルが一回巻きつけてあり、この柔軟ケーブルの一端がロッドを介してスリーブに連結されている。他端は、ロッドを介して戻しばねに固定され、スリーブに固定されたレバーを作動することにより、曲針が回転しつつ体腔内の傷口を縫合する。
米国特許第3,168,097号明細書
米国特許第5,037,433号明細書に記載の装置は、細い内チューブの中にばね性のある曲針を真直ぐに延ばした状態で挿入して使用するため、この曲針を組織中に深く刺入することができない。これは、曲針が内チューブから受ける抵抗で穿刺力が減じられるためであり、この抵抗は、曲針がロッド部材により内チューブから押し出される際に曲針が元の形状に戻ろうとする力で生じるものである。更に、ロッド部材が内チューブから曲針を押し出すために必要な剛性を有するため、可撓性外チューブ部材を十分に湾曲させることができない。曲針は、一度組織に穿刺されると、内チューブ内に戻すことができないため、曲針が目標位置からずれた場合に調節することができない。更に、内視鏡、縫合部材および鉗子装置を包含するマルチルーメン構造により、可撓性外チューブ部材の径が比較的大きくなり、患者に負担を与える可能性がある。
また、米国特許公報第3,168,097号に記載の持針器は、外科手術用として開発されたものであり、軟性内視鏡に適用することはできない。更に、プーリを作動する柔軟ケーブルが、プーリに強固に固定されていない。したがって、曲針が組織に刺入されるときに、プーリと柔軟ケーブルとが滑り、この結果、駆動力が曲針に伝わらない。曲針を体組織に穿刺した後、レバーを開放すると、ばねの復元力で曲針が元の位置に戻る。この元に戻そうとする力は、ばねの弾性力によるものであるため、体組織から針を抜取るためには不充分である。更に、曲針は、穿刺方向とは反対の方向にばねの力を受けており、これにより、組織を穿刺する際の力が減少する。これにより、体組織を効率的に穿刺できなくなることがある。
本発明は、上述の事情に基づいてなされたもので、軟性内視鏡を介して使用でき、この内視鏡がどのような湾曲状態にあっても穿刺力を曲針に効率よく伝達でき、その穿刺位置を自由に修正することができ、更に、全体の外径を小さく、内視鏡操作および縫合操作が容易で、内視鏡の湾曲操作を通じて容易に目標位置に縫合器をアプローチさせることのできる内視鏡用縫合器を提供することを目的とする。
上記目的を達成する本発明の内視鏡用縫合器は、体組織を縫合するための曲針を有する縫合器と、この曲針を作動する駆動手段とを具備し、これらの曲針と駆動手段とが縫合器の遠位端部に配置され、更に、前記縫合器に組合わされる軟性内視鏡を具備する。
本発明の内視鏡用縫合器を使用する際、曲針の先端部の付近に設けられた縫合糸挿通用の小孔に縫合糸を通す。内視鏡の鉗子チャンネルを介して把持鉗子を挿入し、鉗子チャンネルを通して内視鏡の手元側に縫合糸を持ってくる。このとき、縫合器の手元側も、鉗子チャンネルの先端側から軟性内視鏡に挿入する。更に、保護部材を軟性内視鏡の先端部に設け、縫合器を体腔内に挿入するときに、この縫合器の曲針が人体を傷つけるのを防止する。このように内視鏡内に装着した内視鏡用縫合器を、体腔内の縫合部位まで導入する。曲針を回動する操作部を操作して曲針を回転させ、この曲針を縫合部位に穿刺する。内視鏡の他のチャンネルもしくは外チャンネルを介して、縫合糸把持部材を用い、組織から出てきた縫合糸の一端を把持し、手元側まで持ってくる。内視鏡の手元側に縫合糸の一端を把持した状態で曲針を戻し、先に穿刺した位置から僅かにずれた部位にこの曲針を穿刺し、縫合糸の他端側を把持部材で把持し、手元側まで持ってする。これらの2本の引出した縫合糸で結び目を形成し、ノットプッシャーを用いて縫合部位まで、内視鏡の前記チャンネルもしくは外チャンネルを通して押し進め、これを数回繰返して縫合する。
本発明の内視鏡用縫合器によると、軟性内視鏡を通じて使用でき、この内視鏡がどのような湾曲状態にあっても穿刺力を曲針に効率よく伝達でき、その穿刺位置を自由に修正することができ、更に、全体の外径を小さく、内視鏡操作および縫合操作が容易で、内視鏡の湾曲操作を通じて容易に目標位置に縫合器をアプローチさせることができる。
本発明の実施形態による内視鏡用縫合器は、組織を縫合するための曲針を備えた縫合器を有する。更に、この内視鏡用縫合器は、曲針を操作するための駆動手段を有する。曲針と駆動手段とは、内視鏡用縫合器の遠位端部すなわち先端部に配置され、軟性内視鏡がこの縫合器に接続される。
図1は、好ましい実施形態による内視鏡用縫合器1の全体構造を示す。図2は、図1の内視鏡用縫合器1と組み合わせた軟性内視鏡27を示し、図3は、この軟性内視鏡27を先端部から見た状態を示す。また、図4および図5は、本発明の実施形態の縫合手順を示す。図6は、回転ディスクと駆動ワイヤとの他の実施形態を示し、図7は、縫合器1の先端部を上から見た状態を示す。
図2および図3に示すように、軟性内視鏡27は、先端部あるいは遠位端部にCCDカメラ22、ライトガイド23および鉗子チャンネル24を備え、手元側あるいは近位端部に軟性内視鏡27の湾曲部を操作する上下操作ハンドル12、左右操作ハンドル13、吸引ボタン17、送気・送水ボタン16、画像取り込みボタン18、シャッターボタン20および画像拡大ボタン19を備え、送気・送水チューブ、ライトガイドおよび吸引チューブが延設されている。更に、光源装置及び画像処理装置に接続するための撮影関係のコード類を内蔵したユニバーサルコード14がこれから延び、鉗子口15が開口している。本実施形態では、CCDを備えた電子内視鏡を使用しているが、これに代え、接眼レンズの付いたファイバー内視鏡を使用することもできる。軟性内視鏡27の先端部には、縫合器1を体腔内に挿入するときに組織に傷をつけるのを防止するための保護部材5が、エラストマー系の樹脂でできたエラストマー部材30によって圧入され、着脱可能に固定されている。
図1および図7を参照すると、縫合器1は、可撓性コイル11の遠位端部に固定された支持部9を有し、この可撓性コイルは内孔を有するルーメンすなわち細長部材として配置されている。また、スリーブ部材36が、コイル11の近位端に固定されており、したがってコイル11は支持部9とスリーブ部材36とをつなぐ結合部材として作用する。これらのスリーブ部材36とコイル11とに、駆動ワイヤ4が挿通される。
図7を参照すると、この支持部材9の遠位端にスリット部39が配置されている。曲針2を回転する回転ディスク3が、このスリット部39内で、回転軸あるいは軸部材である軸6上に配置される。この軸6の両端は、支持部材9に固定されている。この回転ディスク3に、曲針2が腕25を介して取付けられる。このディスク3を回転するための駆動ワイヤ4は、蝋付け、半田付けもしくは摩擦力によって、回転ディスク3の一部と連結される。更に、ワイヤ4の近位端は、曲針操作部31,32に固定されている。これらの操作部31,32を押し引きすることにより、曲針2を作動することができる。したがって、操作部31,32を好適に操作することで、曲針2を所要の方向すなわち正転および逆転させることができる。
なお、回転ディスク3に1本の駆動ワイヤ4を巻きつけることに代え、図6に示すように、回転ディスク3′に2本の駆動ワイヤ37,38を固定することも可能である。図6に示す実施形態は上述の実施形態とほぼ同様であるため、同様な部材には「ダッシュ(’)」記号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。もちろん、曲針2に十分な穿刺力を確実に伝達できるものであれば、どのような駆動ワイヤを用いてもよく、回転ディスク3に1本あるいは2本の駆動ワイヤを1回以上巻きつけてもよい。
図1を参照すると、曲針2は、この鋭利端部の付近に比較的小さい貫通孔26を有する。図2および図3を参照すると、縫合糸7が孔26に挿通され、この縫合糸の近位端側の端部が鉗子チャンネル24を介して鉗子口15から体腔外へ出ている。
縫合糸把持・回収手段8が、内視鏡用縫合器1の内部に着脱可能に配置されており、したがって、曲針2を組織に穿刺した後に、縫合糸7の一部を把持し、体腔外に引出すことができる。本実施形態では把持鉗子を用いているが、他の好適なツールを用いて、把持および回収処置を行うこともできる。更に、縫合糸の把持・回収手段8は、縫合糸7の一端を把持するのに好適な位置に配置される。また、縫合糸7は、縫合糸の把持・回収手段8と共に鉗子チャンネル24内に挿通される。また、スライダ33が、縫合糸把持用操作部10に取付けられている。把持部材34は、スライダ33を押し引きすることにより、開閉して縫合糸7を把持することができる。
次に、図1から図3を参照して、縫合器1を軟性内視鏡27に組込む方法を説明する。保護部材5を、内視鏡27の遠位端に配置する。縫合糸把持操作部10を、鉗子口29に挿入する。この縫合糸把持操作部10で曲針操作部31,32を保持し、これらの曲針操作部31,32を鉗子口29から引き出す。縫合糸7は、予め孔26に挿通しておく。縫合糸把持操作部10を鉗子口15から挿入し、縫合糸7の端部を把持し、縫合糸7を鉗子口15まで出し、図2に示すように出しておく。
図4および図5は、この縫合手順を示す。先ず、内視鏡27に縫合器1を装着し、縫合のための目標部位に挿入する。曲針操作部31を引いて、ディスク3を一方向に回転し、曲針2を図4の(A)に示す位置に配置する。曲針操作部32を引くことで、ディスク3を反対方向に回転し、曲針2を図4の(B)に示すように、縫合対象部位の組織Tを穿刺する。縫合糸7の端部が組織Tから出た後、鉗子チャンネル24から挿入した縫合糸把持・回収手段で把持する。図4の(C)に示すように、縫合糸7の端部を体腔外に持ってくる。曲針2を図4の(D)に示すように反対方向に回転し、組織Tから抜き出す。
次に、図5の(A)に示すように、内視鏡のアングル操作により、曲針2を、先に縫合した位置の近くに配置する。図5の(B)から(D)に示すように、縫合した部分を引き抜かないように、縫合糸7の他端を体腔の外へ持ってくる。そして、図5の(E)に示すように、曲針2を組織Tから抜き出す。
更に、図5の(F)に示すように、体腔外に引き出された縫合糸7の2本の端部を結び、この結び目を、ノットプッシャー35により鉗子チャンネル24を通して縫合部位まで押し込む。結び目が緩まないようにこの手順を数回繰り返した後、縫合手順が完了する。
上述の実施形態によると、軟性内視鏡がどのような湾曲状態にあっても、穿刺力を効率よく伝達することができる。したがって、穿刺力が効率よく伝達されるために、組織Tに深く穿刺できる。また、縫合器1は、内視鏡27の鉗子チャンネルを利用できるため、スペースの限られた狭い体腔内でも縫合操作することができる。また、汎用内視鏡を用いて処置することで、コストを減少させることができる。この縫合器は独立しているため、従来の内視鏡用処置具と同様に洗浄し、消毒し、滅菌することができる。
上述のように、内視鏡が如何なる湾曲位置にあっても、穿刺力を、曲針に効率よく伝えることができる。内視鏡の鉗子チャンネルを通して縫合器を使用することができるため、狭い体腔内でも縫合することができる。縫合器は、内視鏡の操作を通じて、目標部位にアプローチすることができる。縫合器の操作部が内視鏡の操作部の近くに配置されるため、縫合器と内視鏡との操作性を改善することができる。縫合器が、保護部材を取付けた内視鏡と組合せて使用されるため、体腔を傷つけることなく、曲針を目標部位に挿入することができる。穿刺位置の調節も可能である。曲針を用いるため、この曲針の曲率半径を変更することで、穿刺深さを調節することができる。内視鏡の視野に対して接線方向と正面方向との縫合ができる。
上述の実施形態においては、縫合糸7が組織を通過した後、結び目を以下の方法で結合することもできる。
例えば、縫合糸7の遠位端を、把持鉗子等で把持し、内視鏡の内部あるいは周部に沿って配置したチャンネルを介して、近位端に向けて引出す。この後、縫合糸を結び、この結び目を、プッシャーチューブ等により内視鏡の遠位端に向け、チャンネルを通して移動し、縫合糸7で組織を結合する。このような結び目の形成を複数回にわたって繰り返す。
このような結び目を形成することに代え、近位側に引出した縫合糸7をラバー製の管に通し、このラバーの管を内視鏡の遠位端に向けて移動し、組織を結合することもできる。このラバーの管は、クリップと交換することも可能である。
更に、把持鉗子を、内視鏡のチャンネルに挿入してその遠位端の方向に移動し、そこで結び目を形成することにより、組織を結合することも可能である。
上述のいずれの方法においても、組織を結合した後、縫合糸切断鉗子を内視鏡のチャンネル内に遠位端に向けて挿入し、内視鏡で観察しながら、縫合糸7の残部を切断する。
以上、様様の実施形態について図示および説明してきたが、本発明の意図する範囲から逸脱することなく、上述の開示および特許請求の範囲に記載の発明の範囲内において種々の変形あるいは変更が可能なことは明らかである。また、次の各項のものがある。
1.体組織を縫合するための曲針を有する縫合器と、この曲針を作動する駆動手段と、を具備し、これらの曲針と駆動手段とが縫合器の遠位端部に配置され、更に、前記縫合器に組合わされる軟性内視鏡を具備する内視鏡用縫合器である。
2.前記駆動手段は曲針を回転運動させる前1項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
3.前記回転運動は、順方向と逆方向とに制御される前2項の内視鏡用縫合器。
4.前記曲針は、縫合糸が挿通可能な少なくとも一つの貫通孔を有する前1項から前3項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
5.前記貫通孔は、曲針の鋭利端部の近くに配置される前4項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
6.前記曲針の回転軸に沿う軸部材と、この軸部材と曲針とを結ぶ腕部材とを更に有する前1項から前5項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
7.前記駆動手段は、少なくとも1つのワイヤを有する前1項から前6項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
8.少なくとも1つのワイヤを巻きつける少なくとも1つの円筒状部材が配置される前7項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
9.前記ワイヤは2本である前7項又は前8項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
10.前記曲針の回転軸は、内視鏡の長手方向軸にほぼ直交する前1項から前9項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
11.前記縫合器の遠位端部と近位端部とをつなぐ結合部材が、軟性内視鏡の鉗子チャンネルに挿通可能な柔軟な細長部材を有する前1項から前10項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
12.前記柔軟な細長部材は、コイルから形成される前11項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
13.前記軟性内視鏡は、前記曲針の少なくとも一部を覆う保護部材を遠位端部に有する前1項から前12項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
14.前記保護部材は、ほぼ円形である前13項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
15.前記保護部材は、略円形であり、その径が軟性内視鏡の外径とほぼ等しい前14項に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
16.縫合糸を把持する把持部材を、内視鏡用縫合器の遠位端部に更に有する前1項から15項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
17.軟性内視鏡の表面に配置されかつ少なくとも1つのチャンネルを有し、柔軟な細長部材を挿通する外付チャンネルを更に有する前1項から16項のいずれか1に記載の内視鏡用縫合器である。
本発明の好ましい実施形態による内視鏡用縫合器の全体構造を示す概略図。 図1の縫合器を軟性内視鏡に組み込んだ状態の説明図。 図2の軟性内視鏡の遠位端部を前方から見た説明図。 本発明の実施形態による縫合器を用いた縫合手順の一部を示す説明図。 図4と共に本発明の実施形態による縫合器を用いた縫合手順を説明する説明図。 本発明の他の実施形態による回転ディスクと駆動ワイヤとを示す説明図。 図7は、図1の縫合器の先端部分を上から見た状態の部分断面図。
符号の説明
1…縫合器、2…曲針、3…回転ディスク、4…駆動ワイヤ、27…軟性内視鏡。

Claims (1)

  1. 体組織を縫合するための曲針を有する縫合器と、この曲針を作動する駆動手段と、を具備し、これらの曲針と駆動手段とが縫合器の遠位端部に配置され、更に、前記縫合器に組合わされる軟性内視鏡を具備する内視鏡用縫合器。
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