JP2008020260A - Temperature-sensitive snow depth meter and its measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple, inexpensive and easily placeable/recoverable temperature-sensitive snow depth meter having high measurement accuracy both in a snow deposition period and in a snow melting period, and to provide its measuring method. <P>SOLUTION: In a period (snow deposition period) until reaching the deepest snow quantity, the mean value between a measured value measured by a one-strut type measuring part 100 comprising one strut 102 on which a plurality of thermometers 101 are arranged vertically at equal intervals and a measured value measured by a many-strut type measuring part 200 formed by arraying each one thermometer 201 at the same height as each height of the thermometers 101 respectively, on each upper end of a plurality of struts 202 having each different height is used as a measured value of the snow depth, and in a period (snow melting period) after reaching the deepest snow quantity, a measured value only by the many-strut type measuring part 200 is used as the measured value of the snow depth. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a snow depth meter, and more particularly, to a temperature-sensitive snow depth meter that measures a snow depth over time using a measurement unit that includes a support or the like equipped with a small thermometer, and a measurement method therefor.

  Conventionally, various snow depth gauges have been used for estimating water resources of snow and predicting snow damage. Patent Document 1 below transmits ultrasonic waves for a short time from an ultrasonic transmitter / receiver installed at a predetermined position, and receives the echo waves with the same ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, thereby transmitting ultrasonic waves, Measure the time it takes to reflect on the snow surface and return to the ultrasonic transmitter / receiver, convert the time to the distance to measure the distance to the snow surface, and measure the ultrasonic wave due to differences in outside temperature, humidity, etc. It shows a technique that measures the snow depth by correcting the measurement error caused by the difference in transmission speed with AGC (Automatic Gain Control).

  Patent Document 2 below discloses a laser module that measures a phase difference between laser light irradiated toward the snow surface and laser light received by irregular reflection on the snow surface and outputs a distance signal to the snow surface. A snow depth meter is shown that includes a CPU that calculates the snow depth from the distance signal output from the laser module, and an I / F circuit that exchanges signals between the laser module and the CPU by communication means.

  Patent Document 3 shown below discloses a temperature-sensitive snow depth meter using a temperature-sensitive element. FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of the structure of the temperature-sensitive snow depth meter shown in Patent Document 3 below, (A) is a side view, (B) is a longitudinal sectional view of a sensor pole, and (C) is (A) ) Of FIG. 14 is an AA cross-sectional view, and FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a control circuit according to Patent Document 3.

  Hereinafter, based on the description of Patent Document 3, a temperature-sensitive snow depth meter will be briefly described. Snow cover has a low heat transfer coefficient and is not easily affected by changes in outside air temperature.

  That is, snow has a small temperature change, does not rise above 0 ° C, and has characteristics that the difference between the minimum and maximum temperature peaks and the temperature increase / decrease rate with respect to the outside air temperature. Change lags outside temperature. Therefore, by comparing the outside air temperature with a predetermined ground height, it is possible to know whether the temperature measurement position is in snow or is exposed to the outside air and to know the snow depth.

  The temperature-sensitive snow depth meter according to this conventional example will be further described with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14. A base 1 having a control circuit built in the lower part and a cylindrical temperature-sensitive element on the upper side of the base 1 The sensor pole 2 is provided with 23 built in at regular intervals on the top and bottom and on the circumference. The control circuit is composed of a control unit 11, a sensor driver 12, and a sensor amplifier 13. The sensor pole 2 has a vertically arranged metal ring 21 provided at regular intervals in the top and bottom, and a plastic that holds the metal ring 21 at regular intervals. It is composed of a cylinder 22 and temperature sensing elements 23 that are dispersed and attached to a plurality of locations on the inner surface of the metal ring 21, and fixes the metal ring 21, the plastic cylinder 22, the temperature sensing element 23, and the lead wires 24 of the temperature sensing element. In order to form a single sensor pole 2, it is formed with an epoxy resin 25 filled inside.

The metal rings (for example, 21a and 21b) completely buried in the snow cover are stable near the freezing point, but the metal rings 21 exposed to the atmosphere are affected by the outside temperature and wind. Since it fluctuates and generally fluctuates to below freezing point, the CPU 11A in the control circuit of the base 1 determines how many metal rings 21 are within the snow cover, and records it in the memory 11D and outputs the output interface 11E. To measure the snow depth.
JP 2000-88971 A JP 2000-131460 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-304473

  However, the ultrasonic snow depth meter shown in the above cited reference 1 is complicated and expensive, but depending on the snow condition, the ultrasonic wave does not reflect from the snow surface and is several cm from the snow surface. There is a problem that a measurement error occurs due to reflection from a portion that has been submerged to some extent. The laser-type snow depth meter described in the above cited reference 2 has a problem that it is more expensive than the ultrasonic type although the accuracy is high.

  In addition, the temperature-sensitive snow depth meter described in the cited document 3 has an advantage of being simple, but has a problem in measurement accuracy. That is, during the period until reaching the deepest snow cover (hereinafter referred to as “deposition period”), the snow cover depth increases and reaches the deepest snow cover depth while repeating normal snowfall, consolidation sedimentation, and snow melting in a short period of time. When the snowfall intensity is strong, the temperature recorder will be covered with snow, but it may be misidentified that there is snow up to a position higher than the actual snow surface, and an error may occur in the measured value of the snow depth.

  Also, during the period after reaching the deepest snow cover (hereinafter referred to as the “snow melting period”) or in the snow melting state due to a temporary rise in temperature during the sedimentary period, there is a significant increase in the area around the strut due to heat dissipation from the strut and the flow of rainwater. As a result, a deep pit is formed, and a part deeper than the snow surface is exposed to the outside air temperature, resulting in an error in the actual measured amount of snow and the snow depth.

  The present invention has been made as a result of intensive studies and examinations in view of such problems, and is a simple and inexpensive temperature sensing device that has high measurement accuracy and is easy to install and collect regardless of the accumulation period or snow melting period. It aims at providing a type snow depth meter and its measuring method.

  In order to achieve the above object, the first invention is a one-post type measurement with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement in which N thermometers are mounted at equal intervals with the total dimension from the upper end of the support to the ground surface divided into predetermined dimensions. And a thermometer with a staircase arrangement consisting of N-1 struts each mounted with one thermometer at the same height as the position of each thermometer of the one-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement A temperature-sensitive snow depth meter that measures the snow depth using the difference between the temperature inside the snow cover and the temperature outside the snow cover. The average value of the measured values from the single-column measuring unit with thermometer and the multi-column measuring unit with thermometer is used as the snow depth measurement value. As a measurement value of snow depth, the measured value only by the multi-pillar type measuring unit with thermometer A thermostatic snow depth meter, characterized by use.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, a thermometer attached to the vertically arranged one-post measurement unit with a thermometer and / or a multi-post type measurement unit with a thermometer in a stepwise arrangement is a data aging unit. It is a temperature-sensitive snow depth meter characterized by the fact that it performs a periodic recording.

  According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, the deepest snow cover that defines the end of the accumulation period is a value measured by the one-column measuring unit with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement and a temperature in the stepped arrangement. The deepest snow amount obtained as an average value of the measured values by the multi-column type measuring unit with a meter, or the deepest snow amount measured only by the multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in the stepped arrangement This is a snow depth gauge.

  The fourth aspect of the invention is a vertical arrangement in which N thermometers are arranged vertically at equal intervals by dividing the total dimension from the upper end to the ground surface into predetermined dimensions by utilizing the difference between the temperature inside the snow cover and the temperature outside the snow cover. N-1 pieces of snow depth measuring units each composed of a thermometer and a snow depth meter composed of the above-mentioned vertically arranged thermometers at the same height as the position of each thermometer and spaced apart in plan view. A snow depth measurement method for measuring a snow depth by combining a snow depth measurement unit composed of a thermometer with a staircase arrangement, and measuring the snow depth comprising a thermometer with a vertical arrangement in the deposition period The average value of the snow depth measurement unit consisting of the measurement value by the section and the thermometer in the stepped arrangement is used as the measurement value of the snow depth, and in the snow melting period, the thermometer in the step arrangement is used. Use the measurement value only by the snow depth measurement unit as the measurement value of the snow depth. A snow depth measuring method characterized.

  According to the present invention, a vertical arrangement in which N thermometers are arranged vertically at equal intervals using the difference between the temperature inside the snow cover and the temperature outside the snow cover and dividing the total dimension from the upper end to the ground surface into predetermined dimensions. A snow depth measuring unit composed of a thermometer and a snow depth meter composed of a vertically arranged thermometer, each having the same height as the position of each thermometer and spaced apart in plan view. A temperature-sensitive snow depth meter or a measuring method for measuring snow depth by combining a snow depth measuring unit comprising a single stepped thermometer, and in the deposition period, the temperature of the vertical arrangement The average value of the measured value by the snow depth measuring unit consisting of a meter and the measured value of the snow depth measuring unit consisting of the thermometer with the staircase arrangement is used as the measured value of the snow depth. Measured values of snow depth only from multi-column type measuring units with thermometers arranged in the shape of snow As a temperature-sensitive snow depth meter or its measurement method used as a snowfall, it is misidentified that there is snow up to a position higher than the actual snow surface even if the thermometer is covered with snow when the snowfall intensity during the accumulation period is strong As a result, there is no error in the measurement value of the snow depth, and in the snow-melting period or the temporary snow-melting state during the accumulation period, a large and deep depression is created around the pillar due to the heat dissipation of the pillar and the flow of rainwater. Even when a part deeper than the surface is exposed to the outside air temperature, the measurement accuracy is not lowered, and there is an effect that it is possible to measure the snow depth with high accuracy in both the accumulation period and the snow melting period.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1A and 1B are explanatory views of a snow depth meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a one-post measurement unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement, and FIG. 1B is a multi-post measurement with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement. It is explanatory drawing of a part.

  2A and 2B are installation views of a snow depth meter according to the embodiment of the present invention, where FIG. 2A is a one-post measurement unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement, and FIG. 2B is a multi-post measurement with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement. The installation situation of the front view of the part is shown.

  In FIG. 1 (A), 100 is a one-post type measuring unit with a vertically arranged thermometer, 101 is a recording type thermometer, 102 is a wooden or resin-made column, and 103 is for fixing 102 to the ground surface. The anchor 102 is fixed or screwed to the anchor 103 driven into the soil with a wire or the like (see FIG. 2A).

  In FIG. 1 (B), 200 is a multi-fulcrum type measuring unit with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement, 201 is a recording thermometer, 202 is a wooden or resin column, 203 is a wire column 202 and the like is grounded. The support column 202 is fixed or screwed to the anchor 203 driven into the soil with a wire or the like (see FIG. 2B). The same thermometer 101 may be used as the thermometer 201 used for the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with the thermometer in the stepwise arrangement and the one-column type measuring unit 100 with the thermometer in the vertical arrangement.

  When the snow depth is measured by using only the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement alone, as described above, the temperature recorder is covered with snow and the snow is actually covered in the state where the snowfall intensity during the accumulation period is strong. There is a case where it is misunderstood that there is snow to a position higher than the snow surface of the snow, and a large and deep depression around the pillar due to heat dissipation and rainwater flow of the pillar in the snow melting period or temporary snow melting state during the accumulation period Can be exposed to the outside air temperature considerably deeper than the snow cover surface, and an error occurs between the actual snow cover depth and the measured value. A feature of the present invention is that this error is eliminated by using a multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a stepped arrangement.

  The height H of the column 102 of the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement is the same as the deepest snow depth to be measured. To be precise, the sensor unit of the thermometer is the same as the deepest snow depth. In this way, small thermometers are sequentially attached from the surface side at regular regular intervals, and the last thermometer 101 is attached to the upper end of the column. The number of thermometers is increased when the snow depth is measured densely, that is, when the measurement accuracy is increased, and is decreased when coarse measurement is required.

  For example, when measuring up to a snow depth of 100 cm, the height of the column 102 is set to 100 cm, more precisely, the sensor part of the thermometer is set to 100 cm, and when it is desired to measure the snow depth every 10 cm, Ten thermometers 101 are attached at intervals of 10 cm. When it is only necessary to measure the snow depth every 20 cm, five thermometers 101 are attached at intervals of 20 cm. Conversely, when the snow depth is measured at intervals of 5 cm, 20 thermometers are attached at intervals of 5 cm. Just do it.

  And the number of the support | pillars 202 of the multi-column type measuring part 200 with a thermometer of the staircase arrangement is increased when measuring the snow depth densely, that is, when measuring accuracy is increased, Reduce.

  For example, when measuring the snow depth of 100 cm, the height of the highest column 202 is set to 100 cm, more precisely, the sensor part of the thermometer is set to 100 cm, and the snow depth is measured every 10 cm. If you want to do this, use 10 struts with different heights, each 10 cm lower. When the snow depth should be measured every 20 cm, five struts, each 20 cm lower, are used. Conversely, when the snow depth is measured at intervals of 5 cm, the height is lower by 5 cm. Twenty struts each having a different height may be used.

  In addition, since the highest support | pillar should just share the data of the thermometer of the upper end of the 1 support | pillar type measurement part 100 with a thermometer of vertical arrangement | positioning, the number of support | pillars can be reduced by one.

  The thermometers 101 and 201 are highly waterproof so that they can be measured even when exposed to wind and rain, have strength and rigidity that will not break even if wind pressure, snow pressure, etc. are applied. Is easy. Further, the columns 102 and 202 are made of wood, resin, or the like having a thermal conductivity equal to or less than that of snow, and are strong and rigid so as not to be damaged by snow freeps or glide, and are provided with screw holes and band positioning thermometers. It is preferable that it is easy to attach and detach. Even if wood or resin is not used for the support, it may be heat-treated so that the space between the upper and lower adjacent thermometers is equal to or less than the thermal conductivity of the snow. The anchors 103 and 203 can be driven into the soil with a hammer or the like, and must have sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand snow creep and glide.

  In this embodiment, the sensor unit and the control / recording unit are integrated, but the sensor unit is attached to the support column separately, and the control / recording unit is installed on the ground surface. May be. In addition, it is possible to install a control / recording unit or recording unit in the measurement room by laying a line from the sensor unit to a measurement room at a certain distance so that the recorded data can be read and analyzed on time. .

  FIG. 3 is an installation view of the snow depth meter according to the embodiment of the present invention, and shows an arrangement state in a plan view.

  Of the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer arranged in a staircase, the column with the highest height is arranged in the center, and other columns 202 of the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer arranged in a staircase are arranged around it. The columns 202 having a low height are sequentially arranged from the center to the outside so as to have a predetermined equal interval L so as to form a diamond shape as a whole, and the columns of the one column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer arranged vertically on the outside thereof. 102 is arranged. Reference numeral 204 denotes a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the ground surface, which is arranged inside the rhombus.

  If the interval L between the struts is too small, it will be affected by the adjacent struts during the accumulation and snowmelt periods, and in particular, the deep depression G (around the struts due to the heat dissipation and rainwater flow of the adjacent struts during the snowmelt period. Therefore, it is preferable that the distance be about 1 m.

  However, the value of the space | interval L is not limited to 1 m, What is necessary is just to arrange | position to the distance by which the homogeneity of the snow surface where a duplication of overlap does not arise is maintained.

  Further, the shape of the arrangement is not limited to a rhombus, and may be a triangle, a rectangle, or other shapes. It is not limited to arrange | positioning a support | pillar with the order of the height of a support | pillar in the center, and may be random.

  In the snow depth meter composed of a one-column type measuring unit with a vertically arranged thermometer of the present embodiment, a small thermometer is directly attached to the upper end of the column or in the middle of the column, but it is not limited to this. An arm having a predetermined length may be attached to the front end of the arm by extending the arm in a right angle outwardly and equally in the circumferential direction. This is particularly effective when mounting only the sensor unit of a thermometer that is light and does not bulk.

  Further, a wire made of resin or the like can be routed from the tip of the support column protruding outward from the top end to the surface directly below, and the sensor unit of the thermometer can be attached in the middle of the wire.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.

The specifications of the components of the snow depth meter according to the present embodiment are as follows.
(1) Thermometer (for column support) 101, 201
Dimensions / weight:
Diameter x thickness x weight = 17mm x 6mm x 3.3g
(2) Thermometer (for ground surface installation) 204
Dimensions / Weight Height x Width x Thickness x Weight = 62mm x 47mm x 19mm x 53g
Other specifications of the thermometer are shown in Table 1.

(３)支柱
材質：木材（スギ）
本数：１０本
寸法：
＊垂直配置の温度計付き１支柱式計測部用 １０２
縦×横×高×本数＝４.５ｃｍ×４.５ｃｍ×１００ｃｍ×１本
＊階段状配置の温度計付き多支柱式計測部用 ２０２
縦×横×高×本数＝６.０ｃｍ×６.０ｃｍ×（９０〜１０）ｃｍ×９本
(４)支柱（積雪深計）の配置
図３に準じ、階段状配置の温度計付き多支柱式計測部２００内、高さ９０ｃｍの支柱を中央に配置し、その周囲に相互の積雪深計の間隔Ｌが約１ｍの等間隔となるように、中央から外方へ高さ８０ｃｍ〜１０ｃｍの１０ｃｍずつ高さの異なる支柱８本を全体で菱形となるように配置し、菱形の外側に高さ１００ｃｍの垂直配置の温度計付き１支柱式計測部１００の支柱１０２を配置した。

(3) Prop
Material: wood (cedar)
Number: 10 Dimensions:
* For one-post type measuring unit with thermometer in vertical arrangement 102
Length x width x height x number = 4.5 cm x 4.5 cm x 100 cm x 1 * For multi-column type measuring unit with thermometer in staircase arrangement 202
Length x width x height x number = 6.0 cm x 6.0 cm x (90-10) cm x 9
(4) Arrangement of struts (snow depth gauge) In accordance with FIG. 3, a strut-shaped thermometer-equipped measuring unit 200 with a thermometer, a 90 cm high strut is placed in the center, and a mutual snow depth meter around it. Eight struts with a height of 80 cm to 10 cm each having a height of 10 cm are arranged so as to form a rhombus as a whole so that the distance L between the two is equal to about 1 m. A column 102 of a one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer with a vertical arrangement of 100 cm was arranged.

A thermometer 204 for measuring the ground surface temperature was installed inside the rhombus.
(5) Anchor 103, 203
Material: Steel Dimensions:
Length x width x length x number = 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm x 100 cm x 8 length x width x length x number = 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm x 70 cm x 6 length x width x length x number = 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm x 50 cm x 4 vertical x horizontal x length x number = 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm x 30 cm x 2 Long anchors are used for high columns. Two anchors were used for one strut in order to select it for use and to prevent the strut from falling over.

  FIG. 5 is a record data (January 15, 2006-January 16, 2006) of a one-post measurement unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention. The measured value of each thermometer attached to is shown.

  FIG. 6 shows recorded data (December 21, 2005 to March 20, 2006) of a snow depth meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and compares measured values of snow depth and measured values for each elapsed time. As shown.

  In the graph, a thin solid line indicates an actual measurement value, a dotted line indicates a measurement value by the one-column type measurement unit 100 with a thermometer arranged in a vertical direction, and a broken line indicates a measurement value by the multi-column type measurement unit 200 with a thermometer in a step-like arrangement. The thick solid dotted line shows the average value of the measurement value by the one-column type measurement unit with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement and the measurement value by the multi-column type measurement unit with a thermometer in a step-like arrangement.

  According to FIG. 6, the measured value of the snow depth from the January 15th 2006 to the January 16th 2006 by the one-post type measurement unit is 35 cm. On the other hand, according to FIG. 5, a thermometer with a height of 0 to 30 cm indicates 0 to -2.5 ° C, while a thermometer with a height of 40 cm indicates 6 to -10 ° C. From this, it is understood that a thermometer with a height of 0 to 30 cm is in the snow, and a thermometer with a height of 40 cm is outside the snow, and the temperature measured by the one-column type measuring unit in FIG. It can be seen that the snow depth data by the one-post type measuring unit in FIG. 6 is collated.

  Next, the relationship between the measured value and the measured value of each snow depth gauge is compared by dividing into the accumulation period before reaching the deepest snow depth (before February 10, 2006 in FIG. 6) and the subsequent snow melting period. To do.

  FIG. 7 shows the correlation between the measured value and the measured value of the snow depth in the deposition period by the one-post type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer arranged vertically according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 shows the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the measured value and the measured value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the multi-pillar type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement according to FIG. 9, and FIG. 9 with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement according to the embodiment of the present invention. The relationship between the average value and the actual measurement value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the one-pillar type measuring unit 100 and the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement is shown.

  FIG. 7 shows the correlation between the measured value and actual measured value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement shown in FIG. The correlation between the measured value and the actual measured value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the prop-type measuring unit 200 is shown in FIG. It can be seen that the correlation of the latter is higher when compared with the correlation between the average value of the snow depth during the accumulation period and the actual measurement value by the column type measuring unit 200.

  As described above, during the accumulation period, snowfall, sedimentation (condensation of snow cover), and snow melting are repeated in a short period of time, and the snow depth increases and reaches the deepest snow depth. When measuring with a multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement, it is mistakenly recognized that the temperature recorder is covered with snow and is buried in the snow up to a position higher than the actual snow surface. This is because an error occurs in the measured value. In addition, in a short-term snow melting condition due to a temporary rise in temperature, when measuring with a one-column type measuring unit with a vertically arranged thermometer, a dent G is formed around the column to a position lower than the actual snow surface. This is because it will be exposed to the outside air, and an error will occur in the actual measured amount of snow and snow depth.

  In this way, in the accumulation period when the snow depth changes in a short period of time, the measured value by the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement or the single measurement by the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a step-like arrangement. The average value of the measurement values obtained by both measurement units 100 and 200 is closer to the actual measurement value than the value, and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

  FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the measured value and the measured value of the snow depth during the snow melting period by the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a thermometer arranged vertically according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 11 shows the present invention. The relationship between the measured value and measured value of the snow depth in the snow melting period by the multi-pillar type measuring unit 200 with the thermometer of the staircase arrangement according to the embodiment is shown.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the correlation between the measured value and the actual measurement value by the one-column type measuring unit 100 with the thermometer in the vertical arrangement is not high, but the multi-column type measurement with the thermometer in the step-like arrangement shown in FIG. 11. The correlation between the measured value by the unit 200 and the actually measured value is high.

  This means that, during the snow melting period, the measurement accuracy of the snow depth becomes higher if measurement is performed using the multi-pillar type measuring unit 200 with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement. Because of the heat dissipation of the support and the flow of rainwater, a large and deep dimple G is formed around the support, and a considerably deeper area than the snow cover is exposed to the outside air. If the measured value is measured, the measurement error of the snow depth will increase, and if a multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement is used, a temperature recorder will appear as the snow surface descends, and the effect of the deep recess G will Because it disappears.

  FIG. 12 shows recorded data (December 21, 2005 to March 20, 2006) of a snow depth meter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Using the average value of the measurement value by the one-column type measuring unit 100 with a step and the measurement value by the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with a stepped thermometer, the multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer having a stepped arrangement during the snowmelt period It is displayed using the actual measurement value. It can be seen that the measured values shown in FIG. 12 are in good agreement with the actually measured values shown in FIG.

  The accumulation period and the snowmelt period are divided by the date and time when the average value of the measured values of the one-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement and the multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement is the maximum. However, the date and time when the measured value by the multi-column type measuring unit 200 with the thermometer in the staircase arrangement becomes maximum may be used.

It is explanatory drawing of the snow depth meter which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (A) is 1 column type | mold measuring part with a thermometer of a vertical arrangement | positioning, (B) is description of the multi-pillar type | mold measuring part with thermometers of a step-like arrangement | positioning FIG. It is an installation drawing of a snow depth meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, (A) is a one-post type measuring unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement, (B) is a front view of a multi-post type measuring unit with a thermometer in a stepwise arrangement. It shows the installation status of visual inspection. It is an installation figure of the snow depth meter concerning the embodiment of the present invention, and has shown the arrangement situation of plane view. It is explanatory drawing of the hollow G which arises in the base of the support | pillar of a snow depth meter in the snow melting period which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is recording data of the 1 support | pillar type measurement part with a thermometer of the vertical arrangement | positioning which concerns on the Example of this invention, and has shown the measured value of each thermometer for every elapsed time. It is the recording data of the snow depth meter which concerns on the Example of this invention, and shows the comparison with the measured value and measured value of the snow depth for every elapsed time. The relationship of the measured value and measured value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the 1 support | pillar type measurement part with a thermometer of the vertical arrangement | positioning which concerns on the Example of this invention is shown. The relationship between the measured value and measured value of the snow depth in the accumulation period by the multi-pillar type measuring part with a thermometer of the staircase arrangement which concerns on the Example of this invention is shown. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the average value and actual measurement value of the snow depth in the deposition period by the one-column type measuring unit with a thermometer of vertical arrangement and the multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer of stepped arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention. Yes. The relationship of the measured value and measured value of the snow depth in the snow melting period by the 1 support | pillar type measurement part with a thermometer of the vertical arrangement | positioning which concerns on the Example of this invention is shown. It shows the relationship between the measured value and the measured value of the snow depth in the snow melting period by the multi-pillar type measuring unit with thermometer of stepped arrangement according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a record data of a snow depth meter according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the snow depth for each elapsed day is measured by a one-post measurement unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement during a deposition period and a multimeter with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement; The average value of the measurement values obtained with the column type measurement unit is used, and the snow melting period is displayed using the actual measurement value obtained by the multi-column type measurement unit with a thermometer in a staircase arrangement. It is structure explanatory drawing of the temperature-sensitive type snow depth meter which concerns on a prior art example, (A) is a side view, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a sensor pole, (C) is AA sectional drawing of (A). . It is explanatory drawing of the control circuit of the snow depth meter which concerns on a prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

100. . . One-column type measuring unit with a thermometer arranged vertically 101. . . Compact thermometer (temperature data logger)
102. . . Strut 103 ... Anchor 200 ... Multi-pillar type measuring unit with thermometer in a staircase arrangement 201. . . Compact thermometer (temperature data logger)
202. . . Prop 203 ... Anchor 204 ... Small thermometer (for ground surface installation)
G: Recess L: Space between struts H: Height of struts or snow depth

Claims (4)

A one-post type measuring unit with a thermometer in a vertical arrangement equipped with N thermometers at equal intervals, the total dimension from the upper end of the support to the ground surface being divided into predetermined dimensions;
Multi-columns with thermometers in a staircase arrangement consisting of N-1 columns with one thermometer mounted on the upper end that is the same height as the position of each thermometer of the one-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement A temperature-sensing snow depth meter that measures the snow depth using the difference between the temperature inside the snow cover and the temperature outside the snow cover,
In the period until reaching the deepest snow cover, the average value of the measured value by the one-column type measuring unit with the thermometer in the vertical arrangement and the measuring value by the multi-column type measuring unit with the thermometer in the stepwise arrangement is calculated as the snow depth. It is used as a measured value, and during the period after reaching the deepest snow cover, the measured value only by the multi-pillar type measuring unit with thermometer in stepped arrangement is used as the measured snow depth. Thermal snow depth gauge.   The thermometer mounted on the one-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in the vertical arrangement and / or the multi-column type measuring unit with a thermometer in a stepwise arrangement records data over time. The temperature-sensitive snow depth meter according to claim 1.   The deepest snow cover that defines the end of the period until reaching the deepest snow cover is measured with a one-column measuring unit with a vertical thermometer equipped with N thermometers and with a thermometer with the staircase arrangement. The deepest snow amount obtained as an average value of measurement values obtained by a multi-pillar type measurement unit, or the deepest snow amount measured only by the multi-column type measurement unit with a thermometer in the stepped arrangement, or 2. Temperature-sensitive snow depth meter according to 2. Using the difference between the temperature inside the snow cover and the temperature outside the snow cover, the snow cover is composed of vertically arranged thermometers with N thermometers arranged vertically at equal intervals, dividing the total dimension from the upper end to the ground surface into predetermined dimensions. A depth measurement unit;
Snow depth measurement comprising N-1 stepwise arranged thermometers having the same height as the position of each thermometer of the snow depth meter comprising the vertically arranged thermometer and spaced apart in plan view. A snow depth measurement method for measuring the snow depth by combining the
During the period up to the deepest snow cover, the average value of the measured value by the snow depth measuring unit consisting of the thermometer arranged vertically and the measured value of the snow depth measuring unit consisting of the thermometer arranged stepwise Use as a measurement value of the depth, and in the period after reaching the deepest snow cover, use the measurement value by the snow depth measurement unit consisting of the thermometer with the stepped arrangement as the measurement value of the snow depth. A snow depth measurement method characterized by

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