JP2008088976A - 金属補強部を有する複合ターボ機械ブレード - Google Patents
金属補強部を有する複合ターボ機械ブレード Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008088976A JP2008088976A JP2007244800A JP2007244800A JP2008088976A JP 2008088976 A JP2008088976 A JP 2008088976A JP 2007244800 A JP2007244800 A JP 2007244800A JP 2007244800 A JP2007244800 A JP 2007244800A JP 2008088976 A JP2008088976 A JP 2008088976A
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- Prior art keywords
- blade
- leading edge
- recess
- aerodynamic surface
- reinforcement
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
- F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
- F04D29/324—Blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
- F04D29/38—Blades
- F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/484—Moisture curing adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12461—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being rounded, i.e. U-shaped or C-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/20—Rotors
- F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05D2240/303—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the leading edge of a rotor blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
- F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
- F05D2300/133—Titanium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/501—Elasticity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
- F05D2300/506—Hardness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/70—Treatment or modification of materials
- F05D2300/702—Reinforcement
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
【解決手段】本発明は、複合材料からなり、前縁(16)と後縁(18)との間で第1方向(14)に、およびブレード根元部と先端との間で第2方向に延伸する空気力学的表面を備えるターボ機械ブレードに関する。ブレードは、その空気力学的表面の前縁(16)に接着結合される中実の金属補強部(32)を含み、この補強部は、第1方向(14)に沿って空気力学的表面の前縁を越えて延伸し、根元部と先端との間で第2方向に沿って延伸し、ブレードの前縁に対する異物の衝撃により生じるエネルギーの少なくとも一部を吸収するための少なくとも1つの凹部(34a)を含む。
【選択図】図1
Description
12 空気力学的表面
14 第1方向
16 前縁
18 後縁
20 第2方向
22 根元部
24 先端
26 第3方向
28 前面
30 後面
32 補強部
34a、34b、34c 中空キャビティ
Claims (10)
- 前縁(16)と後縁(18)との間で第1方向(14)に沿って、およびブレード根元部(22)と先端(24)との間で第1方向に対して実質的に垂直である第2方向(20)に沿って延伸する空気力学的表面(12)を備えるターボ機械ブレード(10)において、前記空気力学的表面は複合材料からなり、空気力学的表面の前縁(16)に接着結合される中実の金属補強部(32)を含み、補強部が第1方向(14)に沿ってブレードの空気力学的表面の前縁を越えて延伸し、ブレード根元部と先端との間で第2方向(20)へ延伸し、ブレードの前縁に対する異物の衝撃によって生じるエネルギーの少なくとも一部を吸収するための少なくとも1つの凹部(34a、34b、34c)を含むことを特徴とする、ブレード。
- 凹部(34a)が実質的に第1方向(14)に沿って延伸する、請求項1に記載のブレード。
- 凹部(34a)が、ブレードの空気力学的表面(12)の前縁(16)および/または中実の金属補強部(32)の前縁(16’)に開口する、請求項2に記載のブレード。
- 凹部(34b)が実質的に第2方向(20)に沿って延伸する、請求項1に記載のブレード。
- 凹部(34b)が、ブレード根元部(22)の付近および/またはブレードの先端(24)の付近に開口する、請求項4に記載のブレード。
- 凹部(34c)が、第1方向(14)および第2方向(20)に対して実質的に垂直である第3方向(26)に沿って延伸する、請求項1に記載のブレード。
- 凹部(34c)が、ブレードの前面(28)および/またはブレードの後面(30)に開口する、請求項6に記載のブレード。
- 中実の金属補強部(32)がチタンをベースに製造される、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のブレード。
- ターボ機械のファンのブレードを構成する、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載のブレード。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1つのブレード(10)を含む、ターボ機械。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0653937A FR2906320B1 (fr) | 2006-09-26 | 2006-09-26 | Aube composite de turbomachine a renfort metallique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JP2008088976A true JP2008088976A (ja) | 2008-04-17 |
Family
ID=37889653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2007244800A Pending JP2008088976A (ja) | 2006-09-26 | 2007-09-21 | 金属補強部を有する複合ターボ機械ブレード |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8137073B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1908919B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2008088976A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101153612B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2603003C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE602007003170D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2335706T3 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2906320B1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2445465C2 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
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JP2012013017A (ja) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-19 | Ihi Corp | ファン動翼及びファン |
WO2012008452A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-15 | 2012-01-19 | 株式会社Ihi | ファン動翼、及び、ファン |
JP2013527359A (ja) * | 2009-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | スネクマ | タービンエンジンブレード用の金属補強材の製造方法 |
WO2013115210A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-30 | 2013-08-08 | 株式会社Ihi | 航空機用ジェットエンジンのファン動翼 |
JP2015524030A (ja) * | 2012-04-30 | 2015-08-20 | スネクマ | 複合タービンエンジンブレード用金属構造補強材 |
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US20110194941A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Co-cured sheath for composite blade |
FR2956602B1 (fr) * | 2010-02-25 | 2012-05-25 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d'un renfort metallique d'aube de turbomachine |
FR2961866B1 (fr) | 2010-06-24 | 2014-09-26 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d’un renfort metallique d’aube de turbomachine |
GB201011228D0 (en) * | 2010-07-05 | 2010-08-18 | Rolls Royce Plc | A composite turbomachine blade |
FR2962483B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-07-13 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d?un renfort metallique creux d?aube de turbomachine |
FR2962482B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-07-13 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d?une piece massive |
CN103153505A (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2013-06-12 | 斯奈克玛 | 制作固体部件的方法 |
FR2965496B1 (fr) | 2010-09-30 | 2013-07-12 | Snecma | Outillage de forme « multi-effets » apte au formage a haute temperature. |
FR2965497B1 (fr) | 2010-10-05 | 2013-07-12 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d'une piece metallique |
FR2965498B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-05 | 2012-09-28 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d?un renfort metallique d?aube de turbomachine. |
FR2965824B1 (fr) | 2010-10-11 | 2013-11-15 | Snecma | Procede de fabrication d'une structure fibreuse metallique par tissage |
GB2484726B (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2012-11-07 | Rolls Royce Plc | Blade |
FR2970943B1 (fr) | 2011-01-31 | 2014-02-28 | Eurocopter France | Pale et procede de fabrication de ladite pale |
FR2970891B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-01 | 2013-02-15 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d'une piece metallique renforcee, telle qu'un renfort d'aube de turbomachine |
FR2972124B1 (fr) * | 2011-03-01 | 2014-05-16 | Snecma | Procede de realisation d'une piece metallique telle qu'un renfort d'aube de turbomachine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN101153612A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
EP1908919A1 (fr) | 2008-04-09 |
EP1908919B1 (fr) | 2009-11-11 |
FR2906320A1 (fr) | 2008-03-28 |
RU2007135622A (ru) | 2009-03-27 |
CA2603003A1 (fr) | 2008-03-26 |
US8137073B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
US20080075601A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
RU2445465C2 (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
CN101153612B (zh) | 2012-03-28 |
ES2335706T3 (es) | 2010-03-31 |
FR2906320B1 (fr) | 2008-12-26 |
CA2603003C (fr) | 2014-10-28 |
DE602007003170D1 (de) | 2009-12-24 |
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