JP2008061509A - Apparatus for forming seaweed bed and method for forming sea weed bed using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for forming seaweed bed, which can improve the success rate and its permanence on the formation of seaweed beds, using seaweeds and/or algae for transplantation, and to provide a method for forming the seaweed bed that uses the same. <P>SOLUTION: This apparatus 1 for forming seaweed bed is constituted of floats 4, ropes 5, anchors 6, and implantation beds 3 comprising three-dimensional network structures in which vegetative propagation seaweeds and/or algae, such as Zostera marina or Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura are implanted. The seaweed bed forming apparatus 1 is moored in a depth of water, capable of giving a quantity of light sufficient for the photosynthesis of seaweeds and/or algae 2 on the implantation beds 3. Since after the peripheral water has been purified with the growth of seaweeds and/or algae 2, the positions of the implantation beds 3 are lowered farther, the seaweed bed forming apparatus 1 can reduce the implanted seaweeds and/or algae 2 withering, before functioning as sources for supplying seeds and/or spores essential to the formation of seaweed beds, when the seaweed bed forming apparatus 1 is applied to a sea region having poor coastal water body environment. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention provides a technique for constructing an algae basin comprising seaweeds or seaweeds (in the present invention, these are collectively referred to as “seagrass / algae”) that bring about the reproduction of seafood and play an important role in improving the marine environment. It is about.

  The sea lions that grow in the coastal sand and mud area are one of the few seaweeds, and the area of the sea turtles is a place for spawning and growing fish and shellfish, as well as the rocky seaweeds made of seaweeds such as arame, kajime and hondawala. Is functioning as Furthermore, this kind of sea eel grows by developing a rhizome on the sandy bottom of the mud, preventing the movement of the sand on the bottom of the sea to protect the beach, and also improving the eutrophication of the sea from seawater and seabed sludge. It contributes to the purification of water bodies by absorbing the causative nitrogen and phosphorus and promoting the sedimentation of suspended suspensions. However, it is not limited to such eelgrass fields, but these algae fields disappear due to various causes, and the so-called “burning” phenomenon, in which the seafood that uses the algae fields as a place of life, drastically diminishes in various places. Immediate measures are required. When regenerating seaweed beds in such a salmon-burned sea area, or creating a seaweed bed at a new location, it is possible to introduce seagrass and algae that serve as the core (maternal algae) from outside into the target area. It is said to be effective.

  Conventionally, when constructing seaweed beds for seaweeds, artificial structures such as concrete blocks (foundation bases) and stones that have been devised in various ways that can function as seaweed settlement floors, The method of waiting for the seaweed to naturally settle on their surface was common. However, since this method relies on natural settlement through zoospores, the state of seaweed formation in the early stage of development is not only greatly influenced by uncertain natural factors, but it also takes time to develop a seaweed bed. There was a fundamental problem in terms of creation efficiency and certainty. Therefore, in recent years, a thin twisted thread used in wakame culture etc. is wound around a concrete block with a seaweed juvenile grown on it, or a plate with a seaweed juvenile grown on it is attached to the concrete block with bolts, etc. Various construction methods have been proposed in which transplanted seaweeds and algae, which can become mother algae in the future, are combined with a creation base (Patent Documents 1 to 3). These methods increase the population on the surface of the concrete block by expanding seaweeds transplanted on the surface of the concrete block, releasing the zoospores, and expanding the range of settlement to the surrounding rocks and discarded stones. However, it is intended to realize the overgrown state of seaweed.

On the other hand, it is important to stabilize the underground stem part in the sandy mud of the seabed when constructing a seaweed bed targeting sandy mud. For this reason, in the prior art, it is basically transplanted in the state where the eel and soil are put together. Specifically, what is thrown into the sea in a form filled with the inside of a net-like bag body mixed with a growth base material containing a seed of sea eel (fertilized soil with aggregate structure) and stone (Patent Document 4), Or the method (patent documents 5 and 6) etc. which are dropped in the sea in the state which wrapped the rhizome part of the ammo in the clay are proposed. Therefore, when this kind of eel is applied, the target area is limited to the sea area where the sand surface fluctuation is small for the above reason.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-260818 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-155366 JP-B-2-20211 JP 2001-169611 A Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-2063 JP-A-8-242717

  In the above prior art, the seaweeds and algae introduced into the target area are placed at the seabed or near the seabed from the beginning of transplantation. However, most of the sea areas that are subject to construction are places where the seaweed beds have disappeared or have shrunk. Such a sea area has extremely severe environmental conditions for seaweeds and algae growing by photosynthesis because there are more suspended solids than others and the illuminance in the sea is considerably reduced. For this reason, the transplanted seaweeds and algae do not have enough light to grow at the site, and the sedimentation and deposition of suspended matter on the leaves causes the core of the seaweed development. In many cases, it will die without fulfilling its role as a mother grass and algae. From such a situation, there is still room for improvement in the above-mentioned prior art in terms of the success rate of the seaweed bed construction and the durability of the seaweed bed, no matter which seaweed or algae is selected.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of these prior arts. An algae field creation device capable of improving both the success rate in algae field creation and the subsequent persistence, and an algae field creation method using the same. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the seaweed bed construction device according to claim 1 of the present invention, an afloat composed of a three-dimensional network structure in which vegetatively breeding seaweeds and algae are deposited, The technical means is provided that includes a float that provides a sway, a rope that anchors the settlement floor at a predetermined position below the sea surface, and an anchor in cooperation with the float. In addition, it is preferable that the accretion floor is a woven three-dimensional network structure formed in a string shape (Claim 2), and the size of the opening of the three-dimensional network structure is as follows. A range of 5 to 20 mm is preferable (Claim 3). Further, as the seaweed / algae, at least one kind of application selected from sea cucumbers, hondawala, amidigusa, primroses, scallops, and pickaxe is advantageous (claim 4).

Furthermore, in the algae bed construction method according to claim 5 of the present invention, an agglomerated floor composed of a three-dimensional network structure in which vegetatively breeding seaweeds and algae are agglomerated, a float for imparting buoyancy to the agglomerated floor, After installing a seaweed bed creation device having a rope and an anchor mooring the settlement floor at a predetermined position under the sea surface in cooperation with a float in the target water area, the settlement floor according to the state of improvement in transparency in the water area The technology was adopted to grow seaweeds and algae while lowering the water depth of the plant, and to allow seaweeds and algae to flourish around this. In addition, although the said accretion bed may remain in the middle position in the sea, of course, it is also possible to finally lower to the seabed (Claim 6).

According to the present invention having the above configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) At the initial stage of construction, it is possible to moor the settlement floor, which serves as the growth base for transplanting seaweeds and algae, with a float, a rope, and an anchor to select the water depth at which a sufficient amount of light can be secured. , The probability that the introduced seaweeds and algae will die quickly without ripening is greatly reduced. And if the transparency of the water area is improved by growing seaweeds and algae in that place, the water depth of the settlement floor will be further lowered, and finally it will become a stable growth environment that is hardly affected by tide level and waves. Can place seaweeds and algae. As a result, the establishment rate of the transplanted seaweeds and algae increases, and it becomes a mother grass / maternal algae, spreads spores and seeds, and allows seagrass / algae to flourish around.
(2) Seagrass and algae applied to the settlement bed are of the nature that grows through stems and roots, such as sea breams, hondawalas, and cranes, and the settlement bed is a three-dimensional network structure. Therefore, the stems and roots of seaweed and algae extend well inside the settlement bed. For this reason, even if the leaves of seagrass and algae are lost due to high water temperature in summer and other causes, the stems and roots remain extensively on the settlement bed, so that new leaves regenerate on the settlement bed. To do. In this way, the probability of remaining in the target area for a long time as a mother grass / maternal algae increases, so it serves as a source of spores and seeds and plays a major role in the persistence of the algae beds.

  In the seagrass bed construction method according to the present invention, the seagrass / algae settlement floor is lowered in depth according to the state of improvement in transparency by seagrass / algae introduced into the installation sea area, but remains floating near the seabed. Or you can step down in depth and finally down to the seabed. Which one should be selected may be determined as appropriate according to the purpose of installing the seaweed formation device, such as improving the environment of the target sea area, spawning reefs of seafood, and seaweed reef mainly supplying food. In the case of staying in the middle position, the lower part of the landing floor can be used as a fish hideout, and it functions as a reef. Furthermore, there is an advantage that the Amamo field construction in the sand mud area is not easily affected by sand surface fluctuation. That is, even under conditions where the state of the sea floor is not suitable, the sea eel can be grown on the landing floor, so that the community can be maintained for a long time. In addition, even when lowered to the seabed, there is an advantage that it is difficult to be affected by sand surface fluctuations because the grass bodies are present on a stable settlement floor. Therefore, it is possible to create a new Amamo field. As a result, it also leads to the expansion of fishing grounds.

  Seaweeds that can be applied to the present invention include eelgrass, and specifically, sugamo, shrimp eel, eelgrass, sedge eel, tachiamamo, core eel, eelgrass, veneer moth, ryuca eelgrass, pine swordfish, sea squirrel, crab eel, Himehi Hirumo, Umi Hirumo and the like. Also, among seaweeds, those that are vegetatively breeding are selected from the common camellia pickaxe, Honda Walla, Amygusa, Proboscis and Iwata. Specific examples of Honda Wallarum include hinoki, isomoku, tamanashimoku, miyabemoku, kobamoku, hiranemomoku, ezonojyokumoku, azuma nemokumoku, and echigonemokumoku.

In the present invention, the three-dimensional network structure used as the material for the settlement floor is literally a porous structure in which the network is three-dimensionally formed. For example, a plastic monofilament bent like a sheep intestine and assembled into a three-dimensional network structure while adhering to each other's contacts is suitable (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-248054). . The size of the opening in the three-dimensional network structure is preferably within a range of 5 to 20 mm from the relationship with the size of the seaweed / algae stem / root, but in addition to the above, a sponge-like one having a large pore diameter, There are no particular restrictions on the material such as non-woven fabric. In addition, there is no problem with the matte floor made of a three-dimensional network structure, but there is no problem even if it is a mat, but when a three-dimensional network structure formed in a string is woven in a lattice shape Is less favorable for the growth of transplanted seaweeds and algae that grow on the seaweed, except for sandy sea cucumbers. It is. In addition, when the size of the opening of the three-dimensional network structure is small, suspended matter captured by the seagrass / algae leaves / stalks easily accumulates on the settlement bed. The suspended matter deposited here rarely diffuses into the sea again, leading to improved water quality in combination with the water purification function of seaweeds and algae themselves. Furthermore, when suspended matter accumulates in the three-dimensional network structure, the seaweeds and algae stems and roots that extend inside the three-dimensional network structure become more stable. In addition, when the settled floor with suspended solids is lowered to the seabed, the trapped suspended matter is not diffused to the seabed, but is decomposed by microorganisms in sand mud and used as nutrients for seaweeds. . Of course, various changes and modifications within the technical idea of the present invention are possible with respect to the shape and material of these landing floors, and the same applies to the arrangement of floats and anchors.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a seaweed bed creation device according to the present invention. The illustrated algae bed construction device 1 is composed of an agglomerated floor 3, a float 4, a rope 5, and an anchor 6 on which vegetative and aquatic seaweeds and algae 2 are deposited. By the cooperative action of the float 4 and the anchor 6, Installation floor 3 is installed so as to be held at a predetermined water depth position below the sea surface. In the embodiment, four standing floors 3 having a rectangular shape in a plan view are connected and integrated with a rope 5 so as to form a rectangular shape as a whole, and the corners on the outer sides of the respective landing floors 3 are integrated. One float 4 and one anchor 6 are connected to each part. Note that the number of floats 4 and their attachment positions can be changed as appropriate depending on the area, material, and the like of the landing floor 3. Of course, the number of the landing floors 3 can be increased or decreased.

As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 2A, the setting floor 3 used in the present invention is formed in a mat shape, and its internal structure is a three-dimensional mesh shape. Specifically, for example, polypropylene monofilaments that are entangled three-dimensionally while being bent (trade name: Hetimaron, manufactured by Shinko Nylon Co., Ltd.) are preferably used. This settlement floor 3 is light in weight and has excellent strength and shape retention by being fused at each contact portion in a state in which large monofilaments with moderate hardness are intertwined with each other. ing. Moreover, based on the unique three-dimensional network structure, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), the stems and roots of the seaweed and algae 2 placed on the settlement floor 3 can be reasonably placed in a relatively short period of time. There is an advantage that the seaweed and algae 2 are less likely to fall off from the settlement bed 3 because they extend inside and entangle with the monofilament. Furthermore, because there are many large pores in a continuous state with coarse meshes, there is little sedimentation and accumulation of suspended matter on the settlement bed 3, and good conditions are maintained for the growth of seaweeds and algae 2 can do. The size of the opening in the three-dimensional network structure is preferably in the range of 5 to 20 mm. If it is too small, it will be difficult for the stems and roots of seaweed and algae 2 to enter the settlement bed 3. Furthermore, since suspended matter is likely to accumulate, it may not be preferable for a kind such as seaweed that tends to be a hindrance to growth. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20 mm, the stems and roots of the seaweed / algae 2 are not easily entangled with the three-dimensional network structure, and the state of establishment of the seaweed / algae 2 becomes unstable and easily drops off.

  Next, the creation method using the said seaweed bed creation apparatus 1 is demonstrated, referring FIG. First, the environmental conditions of the target water area are investigated, and the type of seaweed / algae 2 suitable for the area is selected. And the installation water depth D1 of the settlement floor 3 is determined from measurement data, such as transparency, turbidity, and a photon, and the seaweed formation apparatus 1 is installed so that the settlement floor 3 may be moored in the position [FIG. A)]. And the water quality around the settlement floor 3 is improved by the water purification function accompanying the growth of the seaweed and algae 2 on the settlement floor 3, and when the light transmission increases, the water depth reaches the depth D 2 corresponding to the amount of light. The position of the raw bed 3 is lowered [FIG. 3 (B)]. When time further elapses and the water quality around the landing floor 3 is improved, the position of the landing floor 3 is lowered to a water depth D3 corresponding to the amount of light [FIG. 3 (C)].

As described above, since the position of the settlement bed 3 is lowered step by step in accordance with the improvement of water quality, the transplanted seaweed / algae 2 always grows under good environmental conditions. As a result, the survival rate will increase and the success rate of seaweed bed construction will increase. Furthermore, since seaweeds and algae 2 transplanted on the settlement floor 3 are vegetatively proliferating, even if the upright leaves on the settlement floor 3 are lost, the stems and roots are inside the settlement floor 3. It is then possible to regenerate new leaves and continue to supply seeds and spores for a long time. Therefore, even if the seagrass / algae 2 settled on the seabed near the settlement bed 3 disappears due to diffused seeds or spores, the seeds from the seaweed / algae 2 on the settlement bed 3 continue to be seeds. Since it is supplied with spore, it plays a big role in reviving the seaweed bed. In this embodiment, the settlement floor 3 is not moved down to the seabed, but is kept in the middle. Of course, it may be lowered to the seabed, and it is not a step depending on the water depth and the conditions of the sea area. It is also possible to lower to the position.

  FIG. 4 is a second embodiment of the seaweed bed creation device according to the present invention. In the illustrated seaweed bed creation device 10, the form of the settlement floor 11 is different from that of the above embodiment, and the string-like bodies 12 having a three-dimensional network structure are woven in a lattice shape, and have a rectangular shape in plan view as a whole. . And the float 13 is each attached to each intersection part of the four string-like bodies 12 located in the outermost periphery of the settled floor 11, and the string-like body 12 inside and orthogonal to this. Anchors 14 are provided at the four corners of the landing floor 11. As shown in an enlarged view in FIG. 5, the setting floor 11 used here is a string-like shape obtained by cutting the same material as the mat-shaped setting floor 3 in the first embodiment into an appropriate width. A body 12 is prepared and woven in a lattice shape. In this case, the seagrass / algae 15 may be deposited on the settlement floor 11 in a single state before weaving the string-like body 12 or in a grid-like state after weaving. When such a form of the floor 11 is applied, there is an advantage that deposits and accumulation of suspended matter are less likely to occur due to the presence of a gap between the string-like bodies 12.

  FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the setting bed used in the seaweed bed creation device of the third embodiment. Other components such as floats and anchors are basically the same as those in the second embodiment. The illustrated floor 21 is woven in a lattice shape in the same manner as in the second embodiment. However, the three-dimensional network structure string-like body 22 is not continuous and is installed in places of the rope 24. Is different. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 (A), a cord having a suitable length is prepared in advance with seaweed and algae 23 formed on a string-like body 22, and this is roped by a binding band (not shown) or the like. After being attached at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction 24 [FIG. 7 (B)], it is woven into a grid as shown in FIG. The same effect can be obtained even with the seaweed bed generating device having such a configuration.

It is explanatory drawing which shows 1st Example of the seaweed bed creation apparatus by this invention. It is the perspective view which expanded the accretion floor used in the 1st example. It is explanatory drawing of the algae field creation method by the algae field creation apparatus of 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows 2nd Example of a seaweed bed creation apparatus. It is the perspective view which expanded the accretion floor used in the 2nd example. It is a perspective view of the accretion floor used in the 3rd example of a seaweed bed creation device. It is the perspective view which expanded the settlement floor of 3rd Example.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,10 ... Algae field creation device, 2,15,23 ... Seaweed / algae, 3,11,21 ... Settling floor, 4,13 ... Float, 5,12,24 ... Rope, 6,14 ... Anchor

Claims (6)

  An agglomeration floor composed of a three-dimensional network structure with vegetatively breeding seaweeds and algae, a float that provides buoyancy to the agglomerated floor, and the aforesaid agglomeration floor in a predetermined position under the sea surface A seaweed bed construction device comprising a rope and an anchor moored to the seaweed.   The seaweed bed creation device according to claim 1, wherein the settlement floor is a lattice-shaped three-dimensional network structure formed in a string shape.   The size of the opening part of the said three-dimensional network structure is 5-20 mm, The seaweed bed creation apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.   The algae according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seaweed / algae is at least one selected from sea cucumbers, hondaidae, amygusas, primroses, scallops, and vines. Field creation device.   An agglomeration floor composed of a three-dimensional network structure with vegetatively breeding seaweeds and algae, a float that provides buoyancy to the agglomerated floor, and the aforesaid agglomeration floor in a predetermined position under the sea surface After installing a seaweed formation device equipped with ropes and anchors moored to the target water area, seaweeds and algae are grown while lowering the depth of installation of the settlement floor according to the state of transparency improvement in the water area. A method for constructing a seaweed basin characterized by allowing seaweed and algae to thrive around. An agglomeration floor composed of a three-dimensional network structure with vegetatively breeding seaweeds and algae, a float that provides buoyancy to the agglomerated floor, and the aforesaid agglomeration floor in a predetermined position under the sea surface After installing a seaweed bed creation device equipped with ropes and anchors moored in the target water area, grow seaweeds and algae while lowering the water depth of the settlement floor according to the improvement of transparency in the water area, and lower it to the sea floor A method for constructing a seaweed basin characterized by causing seagrass and algae to flourish around the seagrass and algae on a fixed floor.

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