JP2007530586A - 神経性止血法 - Google Patents
神経性止血法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007530586A JP2007530586A JP2007505209A JP2007505209A JP2007530586A JP 2007530586 A JP2007530586 A JP 2007530586A JP 2007505209 A JP2007505209 A JP 2007505209A JP 2007505209 A JP2007505209 A JP 2007505209A JP 2007530586 A JP2007530586 A JP 2007530586A
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- Prior art keywords
- agonist
- subject
- alkyl
- vagus nerve
- cholinergic
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、2004年3月25日に出願された米国特許仮出願番号第60/556,096号の利益を主張する。
本発明は、その全体または一部が、Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center−San DiegoおよびDefense Advanced Research Programs Agencyからの助成金N66001−03−1−8907 P00003によって支援されている。政府は、本発明に一定の権利を有する。
損傷、手術、遺伝性出血性障害、または特定の疾病時(ビタミンK欠損症、重症肝傷害など)または治療時(抗凝固薬の使用または抗生物質の長期使用など)に発症する出血性障害の結果として出血多量が起こり得る。
本発明は、被験体のコリン作動性抗炎症経路(CAP)の活性化によって被験体の出血時間を減少させることができるという発見に基づく。本明細書中で使用される、「被験体」は、好ましくは哺乳動物、より好ましくはヒト患者であるが、ペット(companion animal)(例えば、イヌまたはネコ)、家畜(例えば、ウマ、ウシ、またはヒツジ)、または実験動物(例えば、ラット、マウス、またはモルモット)でもあり得る。
X2は、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−、またはH−であり、X1、X’1およびX’2は、独立して、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、Zは、−NH(CO)NH−、−(C6H4)−、−(C5NH3)−、または−A−(CH2)n−A−であり、nは、2〜10であり(その非置換、1C−メチル置換、2C−メチル置換、または1価または2価不飽和誘導体である)、そして、Aは、独立して、−NH(CO)−、−NH(CO)NH−、−NH−、または−O−である。好ましい実施形態は、Aが1官能性である化合物も含む。X1およびX2はHであり、X’1およびX’2は、独立して、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、Zは、−A−(CH2)n−A−であり、nは3〜8であり、Aは、−NH(CO)−または−NH(CO)NH−である場合の構造式Iを有する化合物およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩も含まれる。X1およびX2はHであり、X’1およびX’2は、独立して、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、Zは、−O−(CH2)2−O−である場合の構造式Iの化合物およびその薬学的に受容可能な塩も含まれる。
ここで、X1、X2、およびX3は、独立して、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、X’1、X’2、およびX’3は、独立して、H−、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−、またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、m1、m2、およびm3が0である場合、Zは、(C6H3)であり、独立して、m1、m2、およびm3が2〜6である場合、Zは、Nであり、Aは、−NH(CO)−、−NH(CO)NH−、−NH−、または−O−である。構造式IIの化合物のさらなる例には、X’1、X’2、およびX’3がH以外である場合、X1、X2、およびX3からなる基の対応する置換基がそれぞれX’1、X’2、およびX’3に対してメタ位またはパラ位である属、m1、m2、およびm3は0であり、Aは−NH(CO)−である属、ならびにm1、m2、およびm3は2〜6であり、Aは−NH(CO)NH−である属、ならびにその薬学的に受容可能な塩が含まれる。CNI−1493化合物およびこのような化合物の作製方法の例は、米国特許第5,854,289号(その内容が、本明細書中で参考として援用される)に記載されている。
ここで、Rは水素またはメチルであり、nは0または1である。好ましい実施形態では、α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、(−)−スピロ[1−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−3,5’−オキサゾリジン−2’−オン]である。構造式IIIの化合物の調製方法は、米国特許第5,902,814号(その内容全体が、本明細書中で参考として援用される)に記載されている。
ここで、
XはOまたはSであり、Rは、H、OR1、NHC(O)R1、またはハロゲンであり、
R1は、C1〜C4アルキルである。特に好ましい実施形態では、α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストは、N−[(3R)−l−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト−3−イル]−4−(4−ヒドロキシフェノキシ)ベンズアミド、N−[(3R)−1−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト−3−イル]−4−(4−アセトアミドフェノキシ)ベンズアミド、N−[(3R)−l−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト−3−イル]−4−(フェニルスルファニル)ベンズアミド、またはN−[(3R)−l−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト−3−イル]−4−(3−クロロフェニルスルホニル)ベンズアミドである。
(a)コリン作動性抗炎症経路を活性化し、刺激と迷走神経の刺激とを組み合わせるのに十分な時間内で被験体に感覚刺激を提供する工程、および
(b)感覚刺激のみで出血時間を減少させるのに十分な組み合わせを強化するのに十分な時間間隔および持続時間で(a)を繰り返す工程とを含む。
マウスを2つの群に分けた。両群でマウス頸部を筋肉組織まで切開し、左迷走神経を分離した。第1群では、1ボルトの電流を、迷走神経に20分間通した。第2の群(コントロール群)では、迷走神経の分離のみを行い、群を20分間処置しなかった。
マウスを2つの群に分けた。両群でマウス頸部を筋肉組織まで切開した。両群のマウスの尾を、37℃の生理食塩水中で5分間温めた。
マウスを秤量し、ケタミン(100mg/kg)およびキシラジン(10mg/kg)を各マウスに投与した。
雄Balb/cマウス(約25g)に、コリン作動性アゴニストであるGTS−21(4mg/kgを含む125μLのPBS)またはPBS(賦形剤コントロール、125μL)を(腹腔内(IP))注射した。1時間後、マウスをケタミン/キシラジン(100mg/kg/10mg/kg、腹腔内)で麻酔した。血管拡張状態を正常にするための尾の37℃生理食塩水への5分間の浸漬後、外科用メスで2mmの尾を切断し、生理食塩水浴に戻した(Nagashimaら,Journal of Clinical Investigation(109)101−110,(2002);Snyderら,Nature Medicine(5),64−70,(1999)を改変)。総出血時間を記録し、出血の徴候が30秒間認められない場合、止血したと見なした。一旦止血されると、動物を、CO2窒息によって安楽死させた。データを秒で記録し、平均+/−標準誤差(SE)で示す。統計分析のためにスチューデントt検定を使用した。結果を図4に示す。
雄Balb/cマウス(約25g)を、左迷走神経分離のみ(偽手術)または左迷走神経電気刺激(1ボルト、パルス幅2ms、1Hz)のいずれかに30秒間供した。刺激直後に、動物を安楽死させ、心穿刺によって採血し、Hemochron JR全血微小凝固システム(International Technidyne Corp,Edison NJ)を使用して分析した。それぞれの特定の試験キュベット(プロトロンビン時間(PT)、活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間(APTT)、活性化凝固時間(ACT))は、化学試薬、安定剤、および緩衝液の乾燥調製物を予め充填した内臓型使い捨て試験室である。試験キュベットに、50μlの新鮮な全血を充填した。キュベット試薬との混合後、サンプルを、血餅終点に達するまで血餅形成についてモニタリングした。データを、平均+/−平均の標準誤差(SEM)として示し、スチューデントt検定によって分析した。結果を図5〜7に示す。
動物に、コリン作動性アゴニストであるニコチン(0.3mg/kgを含む125μL PBS、n=7)またはPBS(賦形剤コントロール、125μL、n=4)に(腹腔内)注射した。1時間後、マウスを拘束デバイス上に置き、尾を37℃の水中に5分間浸漬し、外科用メスで20mmの尾を切断し、切断尾を37℃の生理食塩水に入れた。ストップウォッチを使用して、総出血時間を測定した。視覚的に出血が認められず、かつ30秒間再出血が起こらなかった場合に計測を停止した。データを秒で記録し、平均+/−SEとして示す。統計分析のために、スチューデントt検定を使用した。結果を図8に認めることができる。
雄Balb/cマウス(約25g)を、以下の3つの群に分けた:A、B、およびC。A群およびC群に、α7アンタゴニストであるメチリルカコニチン(methyllycaconitine)(MLA、4mg/kg、IP、200μL PBS中)、B群にPBS(賦形剤コントロール、125μL)を注射した。15分後、A群にPBS(賦形剤コントロール、125μL)を注射し、B群およびC群にニコチン(0.3mg/kgを含む125μL PBS)を注射した。30分後、マウスを麻酔した(ケタミン(100mg/kg、IP)およびキシラジン(10mg/kg、IP))。血管拡張状態を正常にするための尾の37℃生理食塩水への5分間の浸漬後、外科用メスで2mmの尾を切断し、生理食塩水浴に戻した(Nagashimaら,Journal of Clinical Investigation(109)101−110,(2002);Snyderら,Nature Medicine(5),64−70,(1999)を改変)。
Claims (39)
- 治療を必要とする被験体の出血を減少させる方法であって、コリン作動性抗炎症経路を活性化する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記被験体がヒトである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性抗炎症経路が、迷走神経の刺激によって活性化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性抗炎症経路が、脳内の迷走神経の刺激によって活性化される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が、前記被験体への有効量のムスカリン性アゴニストの投与によって間接的に刺激される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、ムスカリン、McN−A−343、またはMT−3である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、芳香族アミジノヒドラゾンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、N,N’−ビス(3,5−ジアセチルフェニル)デカンジアミドテトラキス(アミジノヒドラゾン)テトラヒドロクロリド(CNI−1493)である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、構造式II:
ここで、
X1、X2、およびX3は、独立して、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、
X’1、X’2、およびX’3は、独立して、H−、NH2(CNH)−NH−N=CH−、またはNH2(CNH)−NH−N=CCH3−であり、
Zは、(C6H3)であり、かつm1、m2、およびm3は0であるか、または
Zは、Nであり、かつ、独立して、m1、m2、およびm3は2〜6であり、
Aは、−NH(CO)−、−NH(CO)NH−、−NH−、または−O−である、
請求項7に記載の方法。 - 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、前記被験体の脳に直接投与される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記ムスカリン性アゴニストが、前記被験体の脳を透過することができる、請求5に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性抗炎症経路が、前記被験体への有効量のコリン作動性アゴニストの投与によって活性化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性アゴニストが、アセチルコリン、ニコチン、ムスカリン、カルバコール、ガランタミン、アレコリン、セビメリン、またはレバミゾールである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性アゴニストがニコチンである、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性アゴニストが、α7ニコチンレセプター選択性である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、(−)−スピロ−[1−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−3,5’−オクタン−3,5’オキサゾリジン−2’−オンである、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、構造式IV:
ここで、
mは1または2であり、
nは0または1であり、
Yは、CH、N、またはNOであり、
Xは、酸素または硫黄であり、
Wは、酸素、H2、またはF2であり、
AはNまたはC(R2)であり、
GはNまたはC(R3)であり、
DはNまたはC(R4)であり、
但し、A、G、およびDのうち、窒素であるのはたった1つであるが、Y、A、G、およびDのうちの少なくとも1つは窒素またはNOであり、
R1は、水素またはC1〜C4アルキルであり、
R2、R3、およびR4は、独立して、水素、ハロゲン、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C2〜C4アルキニル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、OH、OC1〜C4アルキル、CO2R1、−CN、−NO2、−NR5R6、−CF3、または−OSO2CF3であるか、あるいは、R2とR3またはR3とR4は、それぞれ合わせて、AおよびGまたはGおよびDをそれぞれ共有し、0個と2個との間の窒素原子を含む別の6員環の芳香環または複素芳香環を形成することができ、1〜2つの以下の置換基で置換されている:独立して、水素、ハロゲン、C1〜C4アルキル、C2〜C4アルケニル、C2〜C4アルキニル、アリール、ヘテロアリール、OH、OC1〜C4アルキル、CO2R1、−CN、−NO2、−NR5R6、−CF3、または−OSO2CF3;
R5およびR6は、独立して、水素、C1〜C4アルキル、C(O)R7、C(O)NHR8、C(O)OR9、SO2R10であるか、合わせて(CH2)jQ(CH2)kであり得、ここで、QはO、S、NR11、または結合であり、
jは2〜7であり、
kは0〜2であり、そして
R7、R8、R9、R10、およびRllは、独立して、C1〜C4、アルキル、アリール、またはヘテロアリールである、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、(R)−(−)−5’−フェニルスピロ[1−アザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン−3,2’オクタン−3,2’(3’H)−フロ[2,3−b]ピリジン]である、請求項19に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、構造式V:
ここで、
R1は、水素またはC1〜C4アルキルであり、
R6およびR7は、独立して、存在しないか、水素またはC1〜C4アルキルであり、そして
R2は、
R3、R4、およびR5は、独立して、水素、必要に応じて各アルキル中に1〜4個の炭素を有するN,N−ジアルキルアミノに置換されたC1〜C4アルキル、必要に応じて各アルキル中に1〜4個の炭素を有するN,N−ジアルキルアミノに置換されたC1〜C6アルコキシ、アルコキシ中に1〜4個の炭素を有するカルボアルコキシ、アミノ、アシル中に1〜4個の炭素を有するアミド、シアノ、および各アルキル中に1〜4個の炭素を有するN,N−ジアルキルアミノ、ハロ、ヒドロキシル、またはニトロである、
請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、トランス−3−シンナミリデンアナバセイン、トランス−3−(2−メトキシ−シンナミリデン)アナバセイン、またはトランス−3−(4−メトキシシンナミリデンアナバセイン、3−(4−ヒドロキシ−2−メトキシベンジリデン)アナバセイン、または3−(2,4−ジメトキシベンジルジン)アナバセイン(GTS−21)である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストが、(1−アザ−ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト−3−イル)−カルバミン酸1−(2−フルオロフェニル)−エチルエステルである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストがコカインメチオダイドである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記α7選択性ニコチンアゴニストがコリンである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が間接的に刺激される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が、経皮デバイスまたは経食道デバイスで間接的に刺激される、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が直接刺激される、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が電気的に刺激される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 遠心性迷走神経が刺激される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記遠心性迷走神経が電気的に刺激される、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記迷走神経が、埋め込み型デバイスで直接刺激される、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記コリン作動性抗炎症経路が、前記被験体へのアセチルコリンエステラーゼインヒビターの投与によって活性化される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が血友病の状態に罹患している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、血友病以外の凝固障害に罹患している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が、創傷に起因する出血に罹患している、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記被験体が手術を受けている、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 手術前に前記コリン作動性抗炎症経路が刺激される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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-
2005
- 2005-03-24 JP JP2007505209A patent/JP2007530586A/ja active Pending
- 2005-03-24 US US11/088,683 patent/US8729129B2/en active Active
- 2005-03-24 CA CA002560756A patent/CA2560756A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2005-03-24 EP EP05755668A patent/EP1734941A2/en not_active Withdrawn
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CA2560756A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
WO2005092308A2 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
AU2005225458A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
WO2005092308A3 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
US20050282906A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
AU2005225458B2 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US8729129B2 (en) | 2014-05-20 |
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