JP2007528724A - Antibodies against M-CSF - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to antibodies that specifically bind to and inhibit M-CSF, preferably human M-CSF, and antigen-binding portions thereof. The invention also relates to human anti-M-CSF antibodies and antigen binding portions thereof. The invention also relates to chimeric antibodies, bispecific antibodies, derivatized antibodies, single chain antibodies, or antibodies that are part of a fusion protein. The present invention also relates to isolated heavy and light chain immunoglobulins derived from human anti-M-CSF antibodies and nucleic acid molecules encoding such immunoglobulins. The invention also relates to human anti-M-CSF antibodies, methods of making compositions comprising such antibodies, and methods of using the antibodies and compositions for diagnosis and therapy. The invention also provides gene therapy methods using nucleic acid molecules encoding heavy and / or light chain immunoglobulin molecules comprising the human anti-M-CSF antibodies of the invention. The invention also relates to a transgenic animal or plant comprising the nucleic acid molecule of the invention.

Description

  This application relates to the benefits gained by US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 502,163, filed Sep. 10, 2003.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a protein of a family of proteins called colony stimulating factor (CSF). M-CSF is a secreted or cell surface glycoprotein containing two subunits linked by disulfide bonds and has a total molecular weight of 40-90 kD (Stanley ER, et al., Mol. Reprod Dev., 46: 4-10 (1997)). Like other CSFs, M-CSF responds to proteins such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α by macrophages, monocytes, and human joint tissue cells such as chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. Produced. M-CSF promotes the formation of macrophage colonies from pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor stem cells (Stanley ER, et al., Mol. Reprod. Dev., 46: 4-10 (1997)).

  M-CSF typically exerts a biological effect by binding to its receptor c-fms. c-fms contains an intracellular domain that includes five extracellular Ig domains, one transmembrane domain, and two kinase domains. When M-CSF binds to c-fms, the receptor forms a homodimer and initiates a cascade of signaling pathways including the JAK / STAT, PI3K, and ERK pathways.

  M-CSF is an important regulator of monocyte / macrophage function, activation, and survival. In several animal models, M-CSF has been identified to play an important role in a variety of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. Macrophages contain effector cells that play an important role in RA. The degree of synovial macrophage infiltration in RA has been shown to be closely related to the degree of underlying joint destruction. M-CSF endogenously produced by monocytes / macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the joints of rheumatic patients acts on cells of the monocyte / macrophage lineage to survive and reduce bone mass Promotes differentiation into sex osteoclasts and enhances pro-inflammatory cellular functions such as cytotoxicity, superoxide production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and secondary cytokine production. For example, treatment of an experimental arthritis model by sonicate-induced rat streptococcus agalactiae with M-CSF causes disease progression (Abd, AH, et al., Lymphocyte Cytokine Res. 10 : 43-50 (1991)). Similarly, when M-CSF is injected subcutaneously into a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), one of the RA models, the disease symptoms of RA are significantly worsened (Campbell IK, et al., J. Leuk. Biol. 68: 144-150 (2000)). In addition, basal M-CSF serum levels are higher in MRL / lpr mice susceptible to RA and other autoimmune diseases (Yui MA, et al., Am. J. Pathol. 139: 255-261 (1991) ). The need for endogenous M-CSF to maintain CIA has been demonstrated by M-CSF neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies that significantly reduce the severity of confirmed disease (Campbell IK, et al. , J. Leuk. Biol. 68: 144-150 (2000)).

  For cancer, inhibition of colony-stimulating factor by antisense oligonucleotides suppresses tumor growth in mouse embryo and colon tumor xenografts by slowing down ECM degradation involving macrophages (Seyedhossein, A., et al., Cancer Research, 62: 5317-5324 (2002)).

  Binding of M-CSF to c-fms and subsequent monocyte / macrophage activation plays an important role in several disease states. In addition to RA and cancer, other examples of M-CSF-related disease states include osteoporosis, destructive arthritis, atherogenesis, glomerulonephritis, Kawasaki disease, where monocytes / macrophages and related cells play an important role And HIV-1 infection. For example, osteoclasts resemble macrophages and are partially regulated by M-CSF. Growth and differentiation signals induced by M-CSF during the early stages of osteoclast maturation are essential for subsequent bone loss activity.

  Bone loss involving osteoclasts, both in the form of local osteoclasts and the more vigorous near-articular osteoporosis, is a major unresolved issue in RA. The results of such bone loss include joint deformities, dysfunction, increased fracture risk, and increased mortality. M-CSF is specifically essential for osteoclast formation, and experimental blockade of the cytokine in an animal model of arthritis successfully suppresses joint destruction. Similar destructive pathways are known to work in other states of destructive arthritis, such as psoriatic arthritis, and may trigger similar interventions.

  Postmenopausal bone loss is due to a defect in bone remodeling due to uncoupling of bone resorption and bone formation involving hyperproliferative osteoclasts as a result of estrogen deficiency. In vivo neutralization of M-CSF with blocking antibodies has been shown to completely prevent osteoclasts, bone resorption, and bone loss resulting from ovariectomy in mice. Yes.

  There is some evidence that M-CSF plays a central role in atherogenesis and proliferative intimal hyperplasia after physical damage to the arterial wall. All major cells in atherosclerotic lesions are known to express M-CSF, and this is further enhanced by exposure to oxidized lipoproteins. Blocking M-CSF signaling by neutralizing c-fms antibody reduces macrophage-derived foam cell accumulation in the aortic root of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice maintained on a high fat diet.

  In both experimental glomerulonephritis and human glomerulonephritis, expression of M-CSF in the glomerulus co-localizes with local macrophage accumulation, activation, and proliferation, and glomerular damage and It is known to be related to the degree of proteinuria. Blockade of M-CSF signaling by antibodies to the receptor c-fms significantly reduces local macrophage accumulation in mice during the renal inflammatory response induced by experimental unilateral ureteral closure Let

  Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis of unknown cause. The most common and serious complications of this disease include the coronary vasculature, which shows an aneurysm enlargement. Serum M-CSF levels are significantly elevated in acute phase Kawasaki disease and are normalized by intravenous immunoglobulin administration. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory vascular disorder found primarily in the elderly, where T cells and macrophages infiltrate the walls of the middle and aorta, causing blindness and stroke due to arterial occlusion Leading to clinical consequences. The active involvement of macrophages in GCA is evident from the presence of high levels of macrophage-derived inflammatory mediators in vascular lesions.

  M-CSF has been reported to increase the susceptibility of human monocyte-derived macrophages to HIV-1 infection in vitro. In a recent study, M-CSF increases the frequency of infection of monocyte-derived macrophages, increases the amount of HIV mRNA expressed per infected cell, and is expressed per infected culture It has been reported to increase the level of proviral DNA.

  Given the important role of M-CSF in various diseases, a method that inhibits the activity of M-CSF is desirable.

  There is a great need for therapeutic anti-M-CSF antibodies.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention includes an isolated human antibody or antigen binding portion thereof that specifically binds to human M-CSF and acts as an M-CSF antagonist, and such antibody or antigen binding portion. A composition is provided.

  The present invention also includes heavy and / or light chains of anti-M-CSF antibodies, variable regions thereof, or antigen-binding portions thereof, or antibodies, antibody chains, or variable thereof of the present invention effective for such treatment. Also provided is a composition comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding the region, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In certain embodiments, the composition may further comprise another component, such as a therapeutic or diagnostic agent. The present invention also provides diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In certain embodiments, the composition is used in a therapeutically effective amount necessary to treat or prevent a particular disease or condition.

  The present invention also provides various diseases and conditions, including but not limited to inflammation, cancer, atherogenesis, neurological diseases, and heart diseases, in an effective amount of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention, Also provided are methods of treating or preventing with a binding moiety, such an antibody, or a heavy and / or light chain, variable region, or a nucleic acid encoding the antigen binding moiety.

  The present invention provides isolated cell lines such as anti-M-CSF antibodies or hybridomas that produce the antigen-binding portion thereof.

  The invention also provides nucleic acid molecules that encode the heavy and / or light chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, the variable region, or the antigen binding portion thereof.

  The present invention provides vectors and host cells containing nucleic acid molecules and methods for recombinantly producing a polypeptide encoded by the nucleic acid molecule.

  Also provided are non-human transgenic animals or plants that express the heavy and / or light chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof.

Detailed Description of the Invention
Definitions and General Techniques Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present invention shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Also, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. In general, the nomenclature used in connection with the cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, immunology, microbiology, genetics, and protein and nucleic acid chemistry and hybridization techniques described herein is Well known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in the art.

  The methods and techniques of the present invention are generally known in the art, unless otherwise specified, and various general and more specialized references cited and referred to herein. Is carried out in accordance with the conventional method described in. For example, Sambrook et al., “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual”, 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989), and Ausubel et al., “Current”, incorporated herein by reference. See Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Associates (1992), and Harlow and Lane, "Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1990). Enzymatic reactions and purification methods are performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, generally accomplished in the art or described herein. The nomenclature used herein in connection with analytical procedures, synthetic organic chemistry, and medical and pharmaceutical chemistry experimental procedures and techniques described herein is well known to those skilled in the art and commonly used in the art. Has been. Standard techniques are used for chemical synthesis, chemical analysis, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation, and transport, and treatment of patients.

  The following terms are understood to have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.

  The term “polypeptide” means natural or artificial proteins, protein fragments, and polypeptide analogs of a protein sequence. A polypeptide may be monomeric or multimeric.

  The term “isolated protein”, “isolated polypeptide”, or “isolated antibody” refers to a protein, polypeptide, or antibody that has one to four of the following in terms of origin or source: Yes: (1) coexisting in nature, not binding to naturally bound components, (2) not containing other proteins from the same species, (3) expressed in cells from different species Or (4) not naturally occurring. Thus, a chemically synthesized polypeptide, or a polypeptide synthesized in a cell line different from that of natural cells, is “isolated” from components that are naturally associated. Proteins can also be made substantially free of naturally associated components by isolation by protein purification methods well known in the art.

  Examples of isolated antibodies include anti-M-CSF antibodies affinity purified using M-CSF, anti-M-CSF antibodies synthesized in vitro by hybridomas or other cell lines, and from transgenic mice Human anti-M-CSF antibody.

  A protein or polypeptide is “substantially pure”, “substantially homogeneous”, or “substantially purified” when at least about 60-75% of the sample exhibits one polypeptide. " Such a polypeptide or protein may be monomeric or multimeric. A substantially pure polypeptide or protein typically comprises about 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% (weight / weight), more typically about 95%, of a protein sample, and Preferably it is pure in proportions exceeding 99%. Protein purity or homogeneity is well known in the art, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein samples, followed by visualization of a single polypeptide band by staining the gel with a stain well known in the art. It can be shown by a plurality of means. Depending on the purpose, high resolution may be obtained by using HPLC or other means well known in the field of purification.

  As used herein, the term “polypeptide fragment” means a polypeptide having an amino-terminal and / or carboxy-terminal deletion, but the remaining amino acid sequence being identical to the corresponding position in the native sequence. In some embodiments, the length of the fragment is at least 5 amino acids, 6 amino acids, 8 amino acids, or 10 amino acids. In other embodiments, the fragment length is at least 14 amino acids, at least 20 amino acids, at least 50 amino acids, or at least 70 amino acids, 80 amino acids, 90 amino acids, 100 amino acids, 150 amino acids, or 200 amino acids.

  The term “polypeptide analog” as used herein means a polypeptide comprising a segment having substantial identity with a portion of an amino acid sequence and having at least one of the following properties: (2) To specifically bind to M-CSF under appropriate binding conditions, (2) To be able to inhibit M-CSF.

  Typically, polypeptide analogs contain conservative amino acid substitutions (or insertions or deletions) relative to the native sequence. Analogs are typically at least 20 amino acids or 25 amino acids long, preferably at least 50 amino acids, 60 amino acids, 70 amino acids, 80 amino acids, 90 amino acids, 100 amino acids, 150 amino acids, or 200 amino acids, or more These lengths may also include full-length polypeptides.

  In certain embodiments, amino acid substitutions for an antibody or antibody binding portion thereof are as follows: (1) substitutions that reduce proteolysis sensitivity, (2) substitutions that reduce susceptibility to oxidation, (3) protein complexes Substitutions that alter the binding affinity to form the body, or (4) substitutions that impart or modify other physical or chemical or functional properties of such analogs. Analogs may contain various mutations in sequences other than the normally present peptide sequences. For example, one or more amino acid substitutions (preferably conservative amino acid substitutions) may be made in the native sequence, preferably in the part of the polypeptide outside the domain that forms the intermolecular contact.

  Conservative amino acid substitutions should not substantially change the structural properties of the parent sequence. For example, substituted amino acids should not tend to alter the antiparallel β-sheets that make up the immunoglobulin binding domain present in the parent sequence, or destroy other types of secondary structures that characterize the parent sequence. . In general, analogs of glycine and proline are not used in antiparallel beta sheets. Examples of secondary and tertiary structures of polypeptides well known in the art are described in `` Proteins, Structures and Molecular Principles '' (Creighton, WH Freeman and Company, New York (1984), each incorporated herein by reference. )), “Introduction to Protein Structure” (edited by C. Branden and I. Tooze, Garland Publishing, New York, NY (1991)); and Thornton et al., Nature 354: 105 (1991).

Non-peptide analogs are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as drugs having properties similar to those of template peptides. This type of non-peptide compound is called a “peptide mimetics or peptidomimetics”. For this, Fauchere, J. Adv. Drug Res. 15:29 (1986); Veber and Freidinger, TINS p.392 (1985); and Evans et al., J. Med. Chem. 30: 1229 (1987). Such compounds can be developed with the aid of computational molecular modeling. Peptide mimetics that are structurally similar to therapeutically useful peptides can be used to induce an equivalent therapeutic or prophylactic effect. In general, peptidomimetics are structurally similar to paradigm polypeptides (polypeptides having the desired biochemical or pharmaceutical properties) such as human antibodies, but by a bond selected from the group consisting of: having optionally substituted one or more peptide bonds in a manner well known in the _{art: - CH 2 NH -, -} CH 2 S -, - CH 2 -CH 2 -, - -CH = CH - (cis and _{trans), - COCH 2 -, -} CH (OH) CH 2 -, and -CH ₂ SO--. More stable peptides can be created by systematic substitution of one or more amino acids of the consensus sequence with the same type of D-amino acid (eg, D-lysine instead of L-lysine). . In addition, constrained sequences, or constrained sequence variants that are substantially identical, may be subjected to constrained peptides by methods well known in the art (Rizo and Gierasch, Ann. Rev., incorporated herein by reference). Biochem. 61: 387 (1992)), for example, by adding an internal cysteine residue capable of forming an intramolecular disulfide bridge that cyclizes the peptide.

“Antibody” means a complete antibody or antigen-binding portion that competes with a complete antibody for specific binding. See generally “ Fundamental Immunology ”, Chapter 7 (Paul, W. Ed., 2nd Edition, Raven Press, NY (1989)), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding portion can be made by recombinant DNA techniques, or by cleaving a complete antibody enzymatically or chemically. Antigen binding moieties include, among others, Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) ₂ , Fd, Fv, dAb, and complementarity determining region (CDR) fragments, single chain antibodies (scFv), chimeric antibodies, diabodies, And a polypeptide comprising at least a portion of an antibody that sufficiently confers a specific antigen to the polypeptide.

  From the N-terminus to the C-terminus, both mature light and heavy chain variable regions comprise the regions FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4. The assignment of amino acids to each domain is described in Kabat, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1987 and 1991)), Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196: 901- Based on the definitions described in 917 (1987) or Chothia et al., Nature 342: 878-883 (1989).

  In this specification, an antibody designated with a number is the same as a monoclonal antibody obtained from a hybridoma with the same number. For example, monoclonal antibody 3.8.3 is obtained from hybridoma 3.8.3 or a subclone thereof.

As used herein, an Fd fragment means an antibody fragment consisting of a V _H domain and a C _H 1 domain. An Fv fragment consists of the _VL and _VH domains of one arm of the antibody. The dAb fragment (Ward et al., Nature 341: 544-546 (1989)) consists of a _VH domain.

In some embodiments, an antibody is a single chain antibody that forms a monovalent molecule across a synthetic linker that allows the formation of a single protein chain by pairing a V _L domain and a V _H domain ( scFv) (Bird et al., Science 242: 423-426 (1988), and Huston et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 5879-5883 (1988)). In some embodiments, the antibody is a bispecific antibody, i.e., expresses the _VH and _VL domains on one polypeptide chain, but is so short that it is between the two domains on the same chain. A bivalent antibody that creates two antigen-binding sites by forcing a domain to pair with the complementary domain of another chain by using a non-pairable linker (e.g., Holliger P. et al., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448 (1993) and Poljak RJ et al., Structure 2: 1121-1123 (1994)). In some embodiments, an immunoadhesion molecule that specifically binds to M-CSF by introducing one or more CDRs from an antibody of the invention into the molecule, either covalently or non-covalently (immunoadhesin). In such embodiments, one or more CDRs can be incorporated as part of a longer polypeptide chain, covalently linked to another polypeptide chain, or incorporated non-covalently. .

  In embodiments having one or more binding sites, the binding sites may be the same or different from one another.

  The term “human antibody” as used herein refers to any antibody in which all of the variable and constant domain sequences are human sequences. The term includes antibodies that have sequences derived from human genes but have been altered, such as removing cysteines that may reduce the expected immunogenicity or cause undesired folding. The term includes such antibodies that may be made non-recombinantly in non-human cells and confer glycosylation that is not unique to human cells. Such an antibody can be prepared by various methods described below.

  As used herein, the term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody that comprises regions from two or more different antibodies. In one embodiment, the one or more CDRs are derived from a human anti-M-CSF antibody. In another embodiment, all CDRs are derived from human anti-M-CSF antibodies. In another embodiment, CDRs from multiple human anti-M-CSF antibodies are in a bound state within the chimeric antibody. For example, the chimeric antibody may comprise CDR1 of the light chain of the first human anti-M-CSF antibody, CDR2 of the light chain of the second human anti-M-CSF antibody, and CDR3 of the light chain of the third human anti-M-CSF antibody. And the heavy chain CDRs may be derived from one or more other anti-M-CSF antibodies. The framework region may also be derived from one of the same anti-M-CSF antibodies from which multiple CDRs have been selected, or from one or more different human antibodies.

  Fragments or analogs of antibodies or immunoglobulin molecules can be readily prepared by those skilled in the art according to the procedures described herein. The preferred amino terminus and carboxy terminus of the fragment or analog are near the boundaries of the functional domain. Structural and functional domains can be identified by comparing nucleotide and / or amino acid sequence data to public or private sequence databases. Preferably, computer-aided comparison methods identify sequence motifs or putative protein structural domains that are present in other proteins of known structure and / or function. Methods for identifying protein sequences that fold into a known three-dimensional structure are known (see Bowie et al., Science 253: 164 (1991)).

  As used herein, the term “surface plasmon resonance” refers to the analysis of real-time biospecific interactions by detecting changes in protein concentration within the biosensor matrix, eg, the BIACORE ™ system (Pharmacia Biosensor AB, Uppsala , Sweden and Piscataway, NJ). For details, see Jonsson U. et al., Ann. Biol. Clin. 51: 19-26 (1993); Jonsson U. et al., Biotechniques 11: 620-627 (1991); Jonsson B. et al., J. Mol. Recognit. 8 125-131 (1995); and Johnson B. et al., Anal. Biochem. 198: 268-277 (1991).

The term “K _D ” refers to the equilibrium dissociation constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction.

The term “epitope” includes any protein determinant that allows for specific binding to an immunoglobulin or T cell receptor or to interact with a molecule. Epitope determinants generally include chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains, and generally have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics as well as specific charge characteristics Have An epitope may be “linear” or “steric”. In the case of a linear epitope, all of the interaction points between a protein and an interacting molecule (such as an antibody) are linear along the primary amino acid sequence of the protein. In the case of a steric epitope, the point of interaction occurs beyond the amino acid residues that are separated from each other on the protein. An antibody is said to specifically bind an antigen when the dissociation constant is 1 mM or less, preferably 100 nM or less, and most preferably 10 nM or less. _The K _D in some embodiments is 1 pM~500 pM. In another aspect _the K _D is 500 pM~1μM. In another aspect _the K _D is 1μM~100 nM. In another aspect _the K _D is 100 mm to 10 nM. Once the desired epitope on the antigen is determined, antibodies against the epitope can be generated, for example, by the techniques described in the present invention. Alternatively, detailed information about the desired epitope can be obtained by performing antibody generation and characterization during the discovery process. Based on such information, it becomes possible to competitively screen antibodies for binding to the same epitope. An approach to achieve this is to perform a cross-competition test to find antibodies that competitively bind to each other, eg, antibodies that compete for binding to an antigen. A high-throughout process for “binning” an antibody based on its cross-competitiveness is described in WO 03/48731.

  As used herein, the twenty conventional amino acids and their abbreviations follow conventional usage. See “Immunology-A Synthesis” (2nd edition, edited by E.S. Golub and D.R. Gren, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass. (1991)), which is incorporated herein by reference.

  As used herein, the term “polynucleotide” refers to a multimeric nucleotide of at least 10 bases in length, which is a ribonucleotide or deoxynucleotide, or a modified form of either type of nucleotide. To do. The term includes single and double stranded forms.

  As used herein, the term “isolated polynucleotide” refers to a genomic, cDNA, or synthetic origin, or “these”, wherein the “isolated polynucleotide” has one to three of the following: Means several combinations of polynucleotides: (1) an “isolated polynucleotide” is not bound to all or part of a naturally occurring polynucleotide, (2) is linked in nature Operably linked to a non-existing polynucleotide or (3) does not exist in nature as part of a longer sequence.

  As used herein, the expression “oligonucleotide” includes natural and modified nucleotides linked by natural and non-natural oligonucleotide bonds. Oligonucleotides are a subset of polynucleotides that are generally 200 bases or less in length. Preferably, the length of the oligonucleotide is 10-60 bases, and most preferably 12 bases, 13 bases, 14 bases, 15 bases, 16 bases, 17 bases, 18 bases, 19 bases, or 20-40 bases. Length. Oligonucleotides are usually single stranded, eg, as primers and probes, but may be double stranded, eg, for the construction of genetic variants. The oligonucleotides of the present invention can be either sense or antisense oligonucleotides.

  As used herein, “natural nucleotides” include deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides. As used herein, “modified nucleotide” includes a nucleotide having a modified or substituted sugar functional group. As used herein, the term `` oligonucleotide linkage '' refers to phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenoate, phosphorodiselenoate, phosphoranilothioate, phosphoranilidate, phosphoramidate. Includes oligonucleotide linkages such as dating. For example, see LaPlanche et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 14: 9081 (1986); Stec et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106: 6077; Stein et al. , Nucl. Acids Res. 16: 3209 (1988); Zoc et al., Oligonucleotides and Analogues: A Practical Approach, pp. 87-108 (F. Eckstein, Ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford England (1991)). U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,510; Uhlmann and Peyman, Chemical Reviews 90543 (1990). The oligonucleotide may contain a label for detection, if desired.

  “Functionally linked” sequences include both expression control sequences that are contiguous with the gene of interest and expression control sequences that act in trans (at a distance) to control the gene of interest. As used herein, the term “expression control sequence” refers to a polynucleotide sequence necessary to effect the expression and processing of a coding sequence in a linked state. Expression control sequences include appropriate transcription initiation, termination, promoter, and enhancer sequences; efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing signals and polyadenylation signals; sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA; Promoting sequences (Kozak consensus sequences); sequences that enhance protein stability; and, if desired, sequences that enhance protein secretion. The nature of such control sequences varies depending on the host organism. In prokaryotes, such control sequences generally include a promoter sequence, a ribosome binding site sequence, and a transcription termination sequence. Also, generally in eukaryotes, such control sequences include a promoter sequence and a transcription termination sequence. The term “regulatory sequence” is intended to include at least all components whose presence is essential for expression and processing, and is advantageous when present, eg other components such as leader sequences and fusion partner sequences. May be included.

  As used herein, the term “vector” refers to a nucleic acid molecule that has the ability to transfer another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. In some embodiments, the vector is a plasmid (circular double stranded DNA loop) capable of ligating additional DNA segments. In some embodiments, the vector is a viral vector capable of linking additional DNA segments to the viral genome. In some embodiments, the vector has the ability to replicate autonomously in the introduced host cell (eg, a bacterial origin having a bacterial origin of replication or an episomal mammalian vector). In other embodiments, the vector (eg, a non-episomal mammalian vector) is integrated into the host cell genome after introduction into the host cell and is replicable with the host genome. Some vectors also have the ability to induce expression of functionally linked genes. Such vectors are referred to herein as “recombinant expression vectors” (or simply “expression vectors”).

  As used herein, the term “recombinant host cell” (or simply “host cell”) means a cell into which a recombinant expression vector has been introduced. “Recombinant host cell” and “host cell” should be understood to mean not only the particular subject cell, but also the progeny of such a cell. Such progeny may not actually be identical to the parental cell, as some modifications may be present in subsequent generations due to mutations or environmental influences, but are Included within the scope of the term “host cell” used.

  The term “selectively hybridize” as used herein means binding for detection purposes and specifically. The polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, and fragments thereof in the present invention selectively hybridize with nucleic acid strands under hybridization and wash conditions that minimize detectable amounts of binding to non-specific nucleic acids. “High stringency” or “highly stringent” conditions are well known in the art and can be used to achieve the selective hybridization conditions described herein. An example of “high stringency” or “high stringency” conditions is the incubation of one polynucleotide with another polynucleotide, wherein one polynucleotide is 6 × SSPE, or SSC, 50% formamide, 5 X Bind on a solid surface such as a membrane in a hybridization buffer containing Denhardt's reagent, 0.5% SDS, 100 μg / ml denatured fragmented salmon sperm DNA at a hybridization temperature of 42 ° C. for 12-16 hours Later, incubation of the polynucleotide with another polynucleotide, washing twice at 55 ° C. with 1 × SSC, 0.5% SDS wash buffer. See also Sambrook et al., Pp. 9.50-9.55, supra.

  The term “% sequence identity” for a nucleic acid sequence is the percentage of residues when the first contiguous sequence is compared and aligned to show the greatest match to the second contiguous sequence. Means. The length of sequence identity comparison is at least about 9 nucleotides, usually at least about 18 nucleotides, more commonly at least about 24 nucleotides, typically at least about 28 nucleotides, more typically at least about 32 nucleotides, Also preferably it may be at least about 36 nucleotides, 48 nucleotides or more. There are a wide variety of algorithms well known in the art that can be used to measure nucleotide sequence identity. For example, polynucleotide sequences can be compared with FASTA, Gap, or Bestfit, programs included in Wisconsin Package, Version 10.0, Genetics Computer Group (GCG), Madison, Wisconsin. For example, FASTA, including programs FASTA2 and FASTA3, provides the alignment and% sequence identity of the region that shows the highest overlap between the query and search sequences (Pearson, Methods Enzymol. 183, incorporated herein by reference: 63-98 (1990); Pearson, Methods Mol. Biol. 132: 185-219 (2000); Pearson, Methods Enzymol. 266: 227-258 (1996); Pearson, J. Mol. Biol. 276: 71-84 (See 1998)). Unless otherwise noted, use default parameters for individual programs or algorithms. For example,% sequence identity between nucleic acid sequences is used herein by reference in the case of FASTA, using default parameters (word size = 6, using NOPAM factor for scoring matrix) or in the case of Gap. Can be determined by using the default parameters provided in GCG version 6.1, which are incorporated into.

  A nucleotide sequence includes its complement unless otherwise specified. Thus, when referring to a nucleic acid having a particular sequence, it should be understood that the complementary strand is included together with the complementary sequence.

  The term “percent sequence identity” means a ratio and indicates the percent of identical residues for the number of residues compared.

  When referring to a nucleic acid, or fragment thereof, the term “substantial similarity” or “substantial sequence similarity” refers to another nucleic acid (or its complementary strand) and the insertion of an appropriate nucleotide or In optimal alignment while tolerating deletions, at least nucleotide bases when nucleotide sequence identity is measured by any known algorithm of sequence identity such as PASTA, BLAST, or Gap as described above. It means about 85%, preferably at least about 90%, and more preferably at least about 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

  With respect to polypeptides, the term `` substantial identity '' is at least 70 when two peptide sequences are optimally aligned with programs such as GAP and BESTFIT using default gap weights. Means showing%, 75%, or 80% sequence identity, preferably at least 90% or 95% sequence identity, and more preferably at least 97%, 98%, or 99% sequence identity . In certain embodiments, residue positions that are not identical differ by conservative amino acid substitutions. A “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which one amino acid residue is replaced with another amino acid residue having a side chain R group with similar chemical properties (eg, charge and hydrophobicity). In general, conservative amino acid substitutions do not substantially change the functional properties of the protein. Where two or more amino acid sequences differ from each other by conservative substitutions, the percent sequence identity can be adjusted upwards to correct the conservative nature of the substitution. Means for making such adjustments are well known in the art (see Pearson, Methods Mol. Biol. 243: 307-31 (1994)). Examples of groups of amino acids having side chains with similar chemical properties include: 1) aliphatic side chains: glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine; 2) aliphatic-hydroxyl side chains: serine and threonine; 3) Amide-containing side chains: asparagine and glutamine; 4) Aromatic side chains: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; 5) Basic side chains: lysine, arginine, and histidine; 6) Acidic side chains: aspartic acid and glutamic acid; And 7) sulfur-containing side chains: cysteine and methionine. Conservative amino acid substitution groups are valine-leucine-isoleucine, phenylalanine-tyrosine, lysine-arginine, alanine-valine, glutamate-aspartate, and asparagine-glutamine.

  Alternatively, a conservative substitution is any change having a positive value in the PAM250 logarithmic probability matrix described in Gonnet et al., Science 256: 1443-45 (1992), incorporated herein by reference. A “moderately conservative” replacement is any change having a non-negative value in the PAM250 logarithmic probability matrix.

  Polypeptide sequence similarity is usually measured with sequence analysis software. Protein analysis software matches similar sequences using a measure of similarity assigned to various substitutions, deletions, and other modifications, including conservative amino acid substitutions. For example, GCG uses default parameters as specified in the program, between closely related polypeptides, such as homologous polypeptides from heterologous organisms, or between wild-type proteins and this variant. Includes programs such as “Gap” and “Bestfit” that can determine sequence homology or sequence identity between them (see GCG version 6.1). Polypeptide sequences can also be compared using default parameters or recommended parameters with FASTA, a program included in GCG version 6.1 (University of Wisconsin, WI). FASTA (eg, FASTA2 and FASTA3) provides the alignment and% sequence identity of the regions that show the highest overlap between the query and search sequences (Pearson, Methods Enzymol. 183: 63-98 (1990); Pearson, Methods Mol. Biol. 132: 185-219 (2000)). Another preferred algorithm for comparing the sequences of the present invention to a database containing a large number of sequences from different organisms is the computer program BLAST (especially blastp or tblastn) using the default parameters as given in the program. See, for example, Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990); Altschul et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-402 (1997).

  The length of polypeptide sequences to be compared for homology is generally at least about 16 amino acid residues, usually at least about 20 residues, more usually at least about 24 residues, typically Is at least about 28 residues and preferably more than about 35 residues. When searching a database containing sequences of a wide variety of organisms, it is preferable to compare amino acid sequences.

As used herein, the term “label” or “labeled” means introducing another molecule into the antibody. In one embodiment, the label is a detection marker, such as a radiolabeled amino acid or marked avidin (e.g., a fluorescent marker detectable by optical or calorimetric methods or streptavidin containing enzymatic activity). Or by binding to a polypeptide having a biotin moiety detectable by. In another aspect, the label or marker can be for therapeutic purposes (eg, drug conjugates or toxins). Various methods of labeling polypeptides and glycoproteins are well known in the art and can be used. Examples of labels for polypeptides include, but are not limited to: radioisotopes or radionuclides (eg ³ H, ¹⁴ C, ¹⁵ N, ³⁵ S, ⁹⁰ Y, ⁹⁹ Tc, ¹¹¹ In, ¹²⁵ I, ¹³¹ I), fluorescent label (e.g. FITC, rhodamine, lanthanide phosphor), enzyme label (e.g. horseradish peroxidase, β-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase), chemiluminescent marker, biotinyl group Certain polypeptide epitopes recognized by the secondary reporter (e.g., leucine zipper pair sequences, secondary antibody binding sites, metal binding domains, epitope tags), magnetic agents such as gadolinium chelators, toxins such as pertussis toxin, Taxol, cytochalasin B, gramicidin D, ethidium bromide, emetine, mitomycin, etoposide, Noposide, vincristine, vinblastine, colchicine, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, dihydroxyanthracenedione, mitoxantrone, mitramycin, actinomycin D, 1-dehydrotestosterone, glucocorticoid, procaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, propranolol, and puromycin, and These analogs or homologues. In some embodiments, the label is attached by spacer arms of various lengths to reduce potential steric hindrance.

  Throughout this specification and the claims, the expression “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises, comprising”, are expressed in terms of the stated integer values or the stated integers. It is understood to include numerical groups but not to exclude any other integer value or group of integer values.

Human anti-M-CSF antibody and its characteristics
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a humanized anti-M-CSF antibody. In another aspect, the present invention provides a human anti-M-CSF antibody. In some embodiments, the human anti-M-CSF antibody is a non-human transgenic animal (eg, a rodent) in which the genome includes a human immunoglobulin gene, thereby causing the rodent to produce a human antibody. Produced by the immunization step.

The anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention may comprise a human κ light chain or a human λ light chain, or an amino acid sequence derived therefrom. containing kappa light chain, in some embodiments, variable domain of the light chain (V _L) in part, of the human _{V κ O12, V κ L2,} V κ L5, V κ A27, V κ O12 gene or _V κ B3L gene, or _J κ 1, J κ 2, encoded by the J _kappa 3 gene or J _kappa 4 gene. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the light chain variable _{domain, V κ O12 / J κ 3} , V κ L2 / J κ 3, V κ L5 / J κ 3, V κ L5 / J κ 4, V κ A27 / It is encoded by J _kappa 4 gene or _{V κ} B3L / J _κ 1 gene.

In some embodiments, the _VL of the M-CSF antibody comprises one or more amino acid substitutions relative to the germline amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, the _VL of the anti-M-CSF antibody is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 relative to the germline amino acid sequence. , Including 8 amino acids, 9 amino acids, or 10 amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, one or more of such substitutions derived from the germline are present in the CDR region of the light chain. In some embodiments, the amino acid substitutions for germline are antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10. .3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14 Reproductive in any one or more of V _L of .4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 Replacement at one or more locations at the same position as in the case of replacement for a series. For example, the _VL of an anti-M-CSF antibody may contain one or more amino acid substitutions compared to the germline present in the _{VL of} antibody 88 and utilizes the same _VK gene as antibody 88 There may be other amino acid substitutions compared to the germline present in the _{VL of} antibody 252. In some embodiments, amino acid changes are present at one or more of the same positions, but include mutations that differ from the standard antibody.

In some embodiments, the amino acid change relative to germline is antibody 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10. .3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14 .4-CG4,9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2- Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4,8.10.3FG1, or one place at the same position as any V _L of 9.14.4G1 or Although occurring at multiple locations, amino acid changes may be conservative amino acid substitutions at such position (s) relative to the amino acids of a standard antibody. For example, if one particular position of these antibodies changes relative to the germline, and if it is glutamic acid, it can be replaced with aspartic acid at this position. Similarly, if the amino acid substitution when compared with the germline is serine, it can be substituted with threonine instead of serine at the same position. Conservative amino acid substitutions are described above.

In some embodiments, the light chain of the human anti-M-CSF antibody comprises antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 4), antibody 88 (SEQ ID NO: 8), antibody 100 (SEQ ID NO: 12), antibody 3.8. 3 (SEQ ID NO: 16), antibody 2.7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 20), antibody 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 24), antibody 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 28), antibody 8.10.3F ( SEQ ID NO: 32), antibody 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO: 36), antibody 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 28), antibody 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 44), antibody 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 28) NO: 48), antibody 9.7.2C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.14.4C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 8.10.3C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 60), antibody 8.10. 3-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 60), antibody 9.7.2-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.7.2-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.14.4-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 9.14.4-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 9.14.4-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 28), antibody 9.7.2-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 48), antibody 8.10.3- V _{L of} Ser (SEQ ID NO: 44), antibody 8.10.3-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 60), antibody 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO: 32), or antibody 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: 28) Amino acid sequence Or a conservative amino acid substitution of up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 And / or comprises the same amino acid sequence as the amino acid sequence having a total of up to 3 non-conservative amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the light chain comprises the amino acid sequence from the start site of CDR1 to the end of CDR3 of any one of the aforementioned antibodies.

In some embodiments, the light chain of the anti-M-CSF antibody comprises a germline at least the light chain CDR1, CDR2, or CDR3, or a sequence of an antibody described herein. In another aspect, the light chain is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2. , 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14 CDR1, CDR2 or CDR3 region of an antibody independently selected from .4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1, or It may comprise CDR regions with less than 4 or less than 3 conservative amino acid substitutions, and / or a total of 3 or fewer non-conservative amino acid substitutions, respectively. In other embodiments, the light chain of the anti-M-CSF antibody is SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60, respectively. An amino acid sequence of a _VL region selected from the group consisting of: or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a _VL region selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11, 27, 31, 35, 43, or 47 A light chain CDR1, CDR2, or CDR3 selected independently from a CDR1 region, a CDR2 region, and a CDR3 region of an antibody having a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence encoded by. The light chain of anti-M-CSF antibody is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7. 2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1, or SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, It may contain the CDR1 region, CDR2 region, and CDR3 region of an antibody comprising the amino acid sequence of a _VL region selected from the group consisting of 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60.

  In some embodiments, the light chain is antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14.4, antibody 8.10.3, antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10 .3FG1, or CDR1 region, CDR2 region, and CDR3 region of antibody 9.14.4G1, or less than 4 or less than 3 conservative amino acid substitutions, respectively, and / or a total of 3 or less Includes CDR regions containing non-conservative amino acid substitutions.

With respect to the heavy chain, in some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain is partially divided into human V _H 3-11, V _H 3-23, V _H 3-7, V _H 1-18, It is encoded by the genes V _H 3-33, V _H 3-48 and the genes J _H 4, J _H 6, J _H 4b, or J _H 6b. In certain embodiments of the invention, the variable region of the heavy chain is V _H 3-11 / D _H 7-27 / J _H 6, V _H 3-7 / D _H 6-13 / J _H 4, V _H 3 -23 / D _H 1-26 / J _H 4, V _H 3-11 / D _H 7-27 / J _H 4, V _H 3-33 / D _H 1-26 / J _H 4, V _H 1-18 / D _H 4-23 / J _H 4, V _H 3-11 / D _H 7-27 / J _H 4b, V _H 3-48 / D _H 1-26 / J _H 4b, V _H 3-11 / D _H 6-13 / J _H 6b, V _H 3-11 / D _H 7-27 / J _H 4b, V _H 3-48 / D _H 1-6 / J _H 4b, or V _H 3-11 / D _H It is encoded by the gene 6-13 / J _H 6b. In some embodiments, V _H of anti-M-CSF antibody comprises the substitution of one point or more amino the amino acid sequence of germline, deletions or insertions (additions). In some embodiments, the variable domain of the heavy chain is different from the germline amino acid sequence in one, two, three, four, five, six, seven , 8 sites, 9 sites, 10 sites, 11 sites, 12 sites, 13 sites, 14 sites, 15 sites, 16 sites, 17 sites, or 18 sites. In some embodiments, the mutation (s) are non-conservative substitutions compared to the germline amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, the mutation is in the CDR region of the heavy chain. In some embodiments, the amino acid change is antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10.3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-CG2, Antibody 9.14.4-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-Ser, Antibody 9.7.2-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG4, Antibody 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 V _H of any one or more germline mutations in the same V _H of the same one or more positions. In other embodiments, the amino acid change occurs at one or more of the same positions, but includes a mutation that differs from the reference antibody.

In some embodiments, the heavy chain comprises antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 2), antibody 88 (SEQ ID NO: 6), antibody 100 (SEQ ID NO: 10), antibody 3.8.3 (SEQ ID NO: 14). ), Antibody 2.7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 18), antibody 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 22), antibody 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 26), antibody 8.10.3F (SEQ ID NO: 30), Antibody 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO: 34), Antibody 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 38), Antibody 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 30), Antibody 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 46), Antibody 9.7 .2C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 50), antibody 9.14.4C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 54), antibody 8.10.3C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 58), antibody 8.10.3-CG2 (SEQ ID NO : 62), antibody 9.7.2-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 66), antibody 9.7.2-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 70), antibody 9.14.4-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 74), antibody 9.14.4 -CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 78), antibody 9.14.4-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 82), antibody 9.7.2-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 86), antibody 8.10.3-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 90) ), Antibody 8.10.3-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 94), antibody 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO: 98), or the variable domain (V _H ) of antibody 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: 102) Rows, or conservative amino acid substitutions up to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 And / or amino acid sequences having a total of up to 3 non-conservative amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the heavy chain comprises the amino acid sequence from the start site of CDR1 to the end of CDR3 of any one of the aforementioned antibodies.

  In some embodiments, the heavy chain comprises antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14.4, antibody 8.10.3, antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10 .3FG1, or CDR1 region, CDR2 region, and CDR3 region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4G1, or less than 8, less than 6, less than 4, or less than 3 conservative amino acids, respectively Includes CDR regions with substitutions and / or 3 or fewer non-conservative amino acid substitutions in total.

In some embodiments, the heavy chain comprises the germline or antibody CDR3 described for the antibody sequences above, and may comprise the CDR1 and CDR2 regions of the germline sequence, each of which is 252 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C -Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser Including CDR1 and CDR2 of an antibody sequence independently selected from an antibody comprising a heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of: 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 There is. In another embodiment, the heavy chain comprises the sequence of CDR3 of the antibodies described herein, and each is SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, Amino acid sequence of a _VH region selected from the group consisting of 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102, or SEQ ID NO 1: A variable region of a heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by a nucleic acid sequence encoding a _VH region selected from the group consisting of 1, 5, 9, 25, 29, 33, 37, 45, 97, or 101 In some cases, a CDR1 region and a CDR2 region independently selected from the CDR1 region and the CDR2 region are included. In another aspect, the antibody comprises the light chain described above and the heavy chain described above.

  One type of amino acid substitution that may be made is one or more cysteines in an antibody that may react chemically with other residues, including but not limited to alanine or serine. It is a change. In one embodiment, the substitution is a non-standard cysteine substitution. The substitution may be present in the framework region of the variable domain or in the constant domain of the antibody. In another aspect, the cysteine is present in a non-standard region of the antibody.

  Another type of amino acid substitution that may be made is by removing any potential proteolytic sites in the antibody, particularly present in the CDR or framework regions or constant domains of the antibody variable domains. is there. Substitution of cysteine residues and removal of proteolytic sites will increase the homogeneity as it may reduce the risk of any heterogeneity in the antibody product. Another type of amino acid substitution is the removal of one or both residues of an asparagine-glycine pair that forms a potential deamidation site.

  In some embodiments, no lysine is present at the C-terminus of the heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention (Lewis D.A., et al., Anal. Chem, 66 (5): 585-95 (1994)). In various embodiments of the invention, the heavy and light chains of the anti-M-CSF antibody may optionally include a signal sequence.

  In one aspect, the invention relates to inhibiting human anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibodies and cell lines that are engineered to produce them. In Table 1, for monoclonal antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, and 9.7.2, The sequence identifier (sequence number) of the nucleic acid which codes the variable region of a heavy chain and a light chain, and the corresponding deduced amino acid sequence are shown. Other atypical antibodies 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4- CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 can be made by methods known to those skilled in the art.

(Table 1) Human anti-M-CSF antibody

Anti-M-CSF Antibody Class and Subclass The class and subclass of anti-M-CSF antibody can be determined by any method known in the art. In general, the determination of antibody class and subclass can be determined using antibodies specific for a particular class and subclass of antibody. Such antibodies are commercially available. Classes and subclasses can be determined by ELISA, or Western blot, as well as other techniques. Alternatively, classes and subclasses sequence all or part of the heavy and / or light chain constant domains of the antibody of interest and compare amino acid sequences to known amino acid sequences of different classes and subclasses of immunoglobulins And determining the antibody class and subclass.

  In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody is a monoclonal antibody. The anti-M-CSF antibody may be an IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, or IgD molecule. In a preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is IgG and is a subclass of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4. In other preferred embodiments, the antibody subclass is IgG2 or IgG4. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody subclass is IgG1.

Selectivity for Species and Molecules In another aspect of the invention, anti-M-CSF antibodies exhibit both selectivity for species and molecules. In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody binds to human, cynomolgus monkey, and mouse M-CSF. By following the procedures described herein, the species selectivity of the anti-M-CSF antibody can be determined by methods well known in the art. For example, species selectivity can be determined by Western blot, FACS, ELISA, RIA, cell proliferation assay, or M-CSF receptor binding assay. In preferred embodiments, species selectivity can be determined by cell proliferation assays or ELISA.

  In another embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody has a selectivity for M-CSF that is at least 100 times greater than its selectivity for GM- / G-CSF. In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody does not show appreciably specific binding to any other protein other than M-CSF. The selectivity of an anti-M-CSF antibody for M-CSF can be determined according to the procedures described herein in a manner well known in the art. For example, selectivity can be determined by Western blot, FACS, ELISA, or RIA.

Identification invention epitopes of M-CSF that is recognized by the anti-M-CSF antibodies bind to M-CSF, or compete with the same epitope, or cross compete, and / or with the same K _D with the following antibodies Provide human anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibodies that bind to M-CSF: (a) 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7. 2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, Selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 (B) SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, An antibody comprising a variable region of a heavy chain having an amino acid sequence of 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102; (c) SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44 A light chain having an amino acid sequence of 48, 52, 56, or 60 Antibody containing varying regions; (d) (b) an antibody containing both the variable region of the light chain variable region of the heavy chain and (c).

The antibody binds the same epitope or compete for binding, for either have the same K _D as cross compete, or anti-M-CSF antibody On binding to the anti-M-CSF antibody, known in the art It can be determined by this method. In one embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention can be bound to M-CSF under saturation conditions, and the ability of the test antibody to bind to M-CSF is subsequently measured. If the test antibody can bind to M-CSF in the same time as the anti-M-CSF antibody, the test antibody binds to various epitopes as an anti-M-CSF antibody. However, if the test antibody cannot bind to M-CSF in the same time, the test antibody binds to the same epitope, an overlapping epitope, or an epitope close to the epitope to which the human anti-M-CSF antibody binds. This experiment can be performed by ELISA, RIA, or FACS. In a preferred embodiment, the experiment is performed using BIACORE ™.

Binding affinity of anti-M-CSF antibody for M-CSF In some embodiments of the invention, the anti-M-CSF antibody binds to M-CSF with high affinity. In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody binds M-CSF with a K _D of 1 × 10 ⁻⁷ M or less. In other preferred embodiments, the antibody is M-CSF plus 1 × 10 ⁻⁸ M, 1 × 10 ⁻⁹ M, 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁰ M, 1 × 10 ⁻¹¹ M, 1 × 10 ⁻¹² M or less _Bind with KD. In some embodiments, K _D is 1 pM~500 pM. In another embodiment, K _D is 500 pM~1μM. In another embodiment, K _D is 1μM~100 nM. In another embodiment, K _D is 100 mm to 10 nM. In an even more preferred embodiment, the antibody is M-CSF, 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3. , 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4 -CG4,9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4,8.10.3FG1 antibody substantially the same K _D of or selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4G1, Join with. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody is M-CSF, 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3. , 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4 -CDR2 of light chain derived from an antibody selected from the group consisting of -CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 and / or bind an antibody substantially the same K _D containing CDR3 of the heavy chain. In yet another preferred embodiment, the antibody comprises M-CSF and SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, Heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102, or SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36,44,48,52,56, or bind an antibody substantially the same K _D comprising the variable region of the light chain having the amino acid sequence of 60. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody comprises M-CSF and a _VL region of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60. An antibody comprising a light chain variable region CDR2 having an amino acid sequence, and optionally a CDR1 and / or CDR3, or a heavy chain variable region CDR3, and optionally SEQ ID NO: 2, 6 , 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102 V _H when comprising CDR1 and / or CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of the region at any is bound an antibody substantially the same K _D.

In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody has a slow dissociation rate. In some embodiments, the k _off of the anti-M-CSF antibody is 2.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ s ⁻¹ or less. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody binds with M-CSF, 2.0 × 10 ^-5 of k _off or 2.0 × 10 ^-6 s ^-1 or less k _off,. In some embodiments, k _off is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7. 2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, Described herein, such as an antibody selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 It is substantially the same as an antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody binds M-CSF with substantially the same k _off as an antibody comprising: (a) 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14 .4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2 -CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or An antibody comprising the heavy chain CDR3 of an antibody selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4G1, and optionally comprising CDR1 and / or CDR2; or (b) 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120 .1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10 An antibody comprising CDR2 of the light chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of .3FG1 or 9.14.4G1, and optionally comprising CDR1 and / or CDR3. In some embodiments, the antibody is M-CSF and SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70 An antibody comprising a variable region of a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102; or SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, It binds with substantially the same k _off as an antibody comprising a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence of 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody has M-CSF and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60 An antibody comprising CDR2 of the light chain variable region and optionally comprising CDR1 and / or CDR3; or SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, Including the heavy chain variable region CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102, and optionally CDR1 and Bind with substantially the same k _off as the antibody that may contain / or CDR2.

  The binding affinity and dissociation rate of the anti-M-CSF antibody for M-CSF can be determined by methods well known in the art. Binding affinity can be measured by competitive ELISA, RIA, surface plasmon resonance (eg, using BIACORE ™ technology). The dissociation rate can be measured by surface plasmon resonance. Preferably, binding affinity and dissociation rate are measured by surface plasmon resonance. More preferably, binding affinity and dissociation rate are measured with BIACORE ™ technology. Example VI illustrates a method for determining the affinity constant of an anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody with BIACORE ™ technology.

Inhibition of M-CSF activity by anti-M-CSF antibodies
Inhibition of M-CSF binding to c-fms In another aspect, the invention inhibits binding of M-CSF to the c-fms receptor and also blocks or prevents c-fms activation. An anti-M-CSF antibody is provided. In a preferred embodiment, M-CSF is a human factor. In another preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is a human antibody. IC ₅₀ can be measured in cell-based assays such as ELISA, RIA, and cell proliferation assays, whole blood monocyte shape change assays, or receptor binding inhibition assays. In one embodiment, the antibody or portion thereof has a cell proliferation measured by a cell proliferation assay of only 8.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ M, preferably only 3 × 10 ⁻⁷ M, or more preferably only 8 × 10 ⁻ Inhibits with an IC ₅₀ of ⁸ M. In another embodiment, the IC ₅₀ as measured by the monocyte shape change assay is only 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ M, preferably only 9.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ M, or more preferably only 9 × 10 ⁻⁸ M. In another preferred embodiment, the IC ₅₀ as measured by the receptor binding assay is only 2 × 10 ⁻⁶ M, preferably only 8.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ M, or more preferably only 7.0 × 10 ⁻⁸ M. Examples III, IV, and V illustrate various assay methods.

  In another aspect, the anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention has a monocyte / macrophage cell proliferation responsive to M-CSF of at least 20%, more preferably compared to cell proliferation in the absence of antibody. Inhibits 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 100%.

Antibodies, and methods of making antibody-producing cell lines Immunization In some embodiments, human antibodies contain part or all of a human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain locus in the genome. It is made by immunizing a non-human animal containing with M-CSF antigen. In a preferred embodiment, such a non-human animal is a XENOMOUSE ™ animal (Abgenix Inc., Fremont, CA). Another non-human animal that can be used is a transgenic mouse produced by Medarex (Medarex, Inc., Princeton, NJ).

XENOMOUSE ™ mice are artificially created mouse lines that contain large fragments of human immunoglobulin heavy and light chain loci and do not produce mouse antibodies. For example,

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing an anti-M-CSF antibody from a non-human / non-mouse animal by immunizing a non-human transgenic animal containing a human immunoglobulin locus with an M-CSF antigen. provide. Such animals can be produced by the methods described in the literature already cited. Methods such as those disclosed in these documents can be modified in part as described in US Pat. No. 5,994,619. US Pat. No. 5,994,619 describes the production of new cultured inner cell mass (CICM) cells and cell lines derived from pigs and cattle and transgenic CICM cells into which heterologous DNA has been inserted. CICM transgenic cells can be used to create cloned transgenic embryos, fetuses, and offspring. The patent also describes a method for producing a transgenic animal capable of transferring heterologous DNA to its offspring. In a preferred embodiment, the non-human animal is a rat, sheep, pig, goat, cow or horse.

  XENOMOUSE ™ mice produce an adult-like human repertoire of fully human antibodies, producing antigen-specific human antibodies. In some embodiments, XENOMOUSETM mice have about 80% of the human heavy chain and kappa light chain loci at about 80% by introduction of a megabase germline yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) fragment. Contains the human antibody V gene repertoire. In other embodiments, XENOMOUSE ™ mice contain almost all of the human λ light chain locus. For this, Mendez et al., Nature Genetics 15: 146-156 (1997), Green and Jakobovits, J. Exp. Med. 188: 483-495 (1998), and WO 98/24893, which are incorporated herein by reference. Please refer to.

に記載されている。 In some embodiments, the non-human animal comprising a human immunoglobulin gene is an animal having a human immunoglobulin “minilocus”. In the method using minilocus, the exogenous Ig locus is mimicked by including each gene derived from the Ig locus. Thus, one or more V _H genes, one or more _DH genes, one or more J _H genes, a mu constant domain, and a second constant domain (preferably a γ constant domain) are inserted into the animal. Build into the structure for This method is specifically incorporated herein by reference.

It is described in.

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a humanized anti-M-CSF antibody. In some embodiments, non-human animals are immunized with M-CSF antigen in conditions that allow antibody production as described below. Antibody-producing cells are isolated from animals, fused with myeloma to produce hybridomas, and nucleic acids encoding the heavy and light chains of the anti-M-CSF antibody of interest are isolated. The resulting nucleic acid is then manipulated by techniques well known in the art and described in detail below to reduce the amount of non-human sequences (to humanize antibodies and reduce immune responses in humans). .

  In some embodiments, M-CSF antigen is isolated and / or M-CSF is purified. In a preferred embodiment, the M-CSF antigen is human M-CSF. In some embodiments, the M-CSF antigen is a fragment of M-CSF. In some embodiments, the M-CSF fragment is the extracellular domain of M-CSF. In some embodiments, the M-CSF fragment comprises at least one epitope of M-CSF. In other embodiments, the M-CSF antigen is a cell that expresses or overexpresses M-CSF or an immunogenic fragment thereof on the surface. In some embodiments, the M-CSF antigen is an M-CSF fusion protein. M-CSF can be purified using well-known techniques. Recombinant M-CSF is commercially available.

  Animal immunization can be performed by any method known in the art. See, for example, Harlow and Lane, “Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual”, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1990. Methods for immunizing non-human animals such as mice, rats, sheep, goats, pigs, cows and horses are well known in the art. See, for example, Harlow and Lane, supra, and US Pat. No. 5,994,619. In a preferred embodiment, the M-CSF antigen of the invention is administered with an adjuvant to enhance the immune response. Exemplary adjuvants include complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, RIBI (muramyl dipeptide), or ISCOM (immunostimulatory complex). Such adjuvants can prevent rapid dispersion of the polypeptide by sequestering the polypeptide at local deposition sites, as well as factors that stimulate the host to cause chemotaxis to macrophages, and May contain substances that secrete other components of the immune system. Preferably, when administering a polypeptide, two or more administrations of the polypeptide are included in the immunization schedule and allowed to spread over several weeks. Example I describes a method for producing anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibodies in XENOMOUSE ™ mice.

Generation of Antibodies and Antibody-Producing Cell Lines After immunizing animals with M-CSF antigen, antibodies and / or antibody-producing cells can be recovered from the individual. In some embodiments, serum containing anti-M-CSF antibodies is obtained by collecting an individual's blood or by killing the individual. Serum obtained from an animal can be used as it is, and an immunoglobulin fraction can be collected from the serum, and an anti-M-CSF antibody can be purified from the serum.

  In some embodiments, an immortalized cell line that produces antibodies is prepared from cells isolated from the immunized animal. Following immunization, the individual is killed to immortalize lymph nodes and / or splenic B cells. The method of immortalizing a cell includes the steps of introducing an oncogene into the cell, infecting the cell with an oncogenic virus, and culturing the cell under conditions where the immortalized cell is selected; It includes, but is not limited to, adding a compound having sex, fusing cells with immortalized cells (eg, myeloma cells), and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. See, for example, Harlow and Lane (supra). If fusion with myeloma cells is performed, the target myeloma cells preferably do not secrete immunoglobulin polypeptides (non-secretory cell lines). Immortalized cells are screened with M-CSF, portions thereof, or M-CSF expressing cells. In a preferred embodiment, the initial screening is performed by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) or radioimmunoassay. An example of screening by ELISA is described in WO 00/37504, which is incorporated herein by reference.

  Anti-M-CSF antibody producing cells (eg, hybridomas) are selected, cloned, and screened for the desired characteristics, including reliable growth, high antibody production, and desired antibody characteristics, as described below. Hybridomas can be grown in syngeneic animals in vivo, in animals that lack the immune system (eg, nude mice), or in cultured cells in vitro. Methods for selecting, cloning and growing hybridomas are well known in the art.

  In a preferred embodiment, the immunized animal is a non-human animal that expresses a human immunoglobulin gene, and the splenic B cells are fused with a myeloma cell line derived from the same species as the non-human animal. In a more preferred embodiment, the immunized animal is a XENOMOUSE ™ animal and the myeloma cell line is a non-secretory mouse myeloma. In an even more preferred embodiment, the myeloma cell line is P3-X63-AG8.653 (see, eg, Example I).

  Accordingly, in one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of making a cell line producing a human monoclonal antibody to M-CSF or a fragment thereof comprising the following steps: (a) a non-description described herein Immunizing a human transgenic animal with M-CSF, a portion of M-CSF, or a cell or tissue expressing M-CSF; (b) the transgenic animal is capable of eliciting an immune response against M-CSF (C) isolating antibody producing cells from the transgenic animal; (d) immortalizing the antibody producing cells; (e) creating individual monoclonal populations of immortalized B lymphocytes. And (f) screening immortalized B lymphocytes to identify antibodies to M-CSF.

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a hybridoma that produces a human anti-M-CSF antibody. In a preferred embodiment, the hybridoma is a mouse hybridoma as described above. In other embodiments, the hybridoma is made in a non-human, non-mouse species such as a rat, sheep, pig, goat, cow, or horse. In another aspect, the hybridoma is a human hybridoma.

  In another preferred embodiment, the transgenic animal is immunized with M-CSF and primary cells (eg, spleen cells or peripheral blood cells) are isolated from the immunized transgenic animal to produce antibodies specific for the desired antigen. Identify individual cells. Sense primers that isolate polyadenylated mRNA from individual cells and anneal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to variable domain sequences (eg, human heavy and light chain variable domain genes) Degenerate primer that recognizes most or all of the FR1 region), and an antisense primer that anneals to the constant region domain or binding region sequence. The heavy and light chain variable region cDNAs are then cloned and isolated in any suitable host cell (eg, in myeloma cells) with individual immunity, such as heavy chain and kappa or lambda constant domain. It is expressed as a chimeric antibody having the constant region domain of globulin. For this, see Babcook, J.S. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7843-48, 1996, incorporated herein by reference. Anti-M-CSF antibodies can then be identified and isolated by the procedures described herein.

  In another embodiment, a phage display method can provide a library comprising a repertoire of antibodies with diverse affinities for M-CSF. For the creation of such a repertoire, it is not necessary to immortalize B cells derived from the immunized animal. Rather, primary B cells can be used directly as a DNA source. For example, an expression library (eg, a phage display library for transfection into E. coli) is prepared using a mixture of cDNA obtained from B cells derived from the spleen. The resulting cells are examined for immune responsiveness to M-CSF. Techniques for identifying high affinity human antibodies from such libraries are described by Griffiths et al., EMBO J., 13: 3245-3260 (1994); Nissim et al., Ibid, pp.692-698. And Griffiths et al., Ibid, 12: 725-734. Finally, clones showing the desired magnitude of binding affinity for the antigen are identified from the library, and DNA encoding the products involved in such binding is recovered and can be obtained by standard recombination. Manipulated for expression purposes. Phage display libraries can also be constructed using previously engineered nucleotide sequences and screened in a similar manner. In general, cDNAs encoding heavy and light chains are provided independently or ligated to form Fv analogs for production in a phage library.

  The phage library is then screened for antibodies with the greatest affinity for M-CSF and genetic material recovered from appropriate clones. An additional round of screening can increase the affinity of the original isolated antibody.

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a hybridoma that produces a human anti-M-CSF antibody. In a preferred embodiment, the hybridoma is a mouse hybridoma as described above. In other embodiments, the hybridoma is made in a non-human, non-mouse species such as a rat, sheep, pig, goat, cow, or horse. In another aspect, the hybridoma is a human hybridoma.

Nucleic acids, vectors, host cells and recombinant antibody production methods Nucleic acids The present invention also includes nucleic acid molecules encoding anti-M-CSF antibodies. In some embodiments, the various nucleic acid molecules encode the heavy and light chains of anti-M-CSF immunoglobulin. In other embodiments, the same nucleic acid molecule encodes the heavy and light chains of an anti-M-CSF immunoglobulin. In one embodiment, the nucleic acid encodes an M-CSF antibody of the invention.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encoding the variable domain of the light chain of human _{V κ L5, O12, L2,} B3, genes A27, and _{J κ 1, J κ 2,} J κ 3 or J _kappa, Contains 4 genes.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, different from the germline amino acid sequence It encodes an amino acid sequence containing 8 mutations, 9 mutations, or 10 mutations. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, as compared to a germline sequence. Nucleotides that encode the amino acid sequence of _VL containing 1, 9, or 10 non-conservative amino acid substitutions and / or 1, 2, or 3 non-conservative substitutions Contains an array. Substitutions may be in the CDR region, framework region, or constant domain.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an antibody 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7 .2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4 , 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser , 8.10.3-Ser, and 8.10.3-CG4,8.10.3FG1, or an array of one mutation in the same germline in V _L of 9.14.4G1 It encodes the amino acid sequence of _VL containing one or more variants.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is found in one of the V _L of an antibody 252,88,100,3.8.3,2.7.3,1.120.1,9.14.4,8.10.3 or 9.7.2, It encodes at least three amino acid mutations compared to the germline sequence.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises monoclonal antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 4), 88 (SEQ ID NO: 8), 100 (SEQ ID NO: 12), 3.8.3 (SEQ ID NO: 16), 2.7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 20), 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 24), 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 28), 8.10.3F (SEQ ID NO: 32), 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO. NO: 36), 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 28), 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 44), 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 48), 9.7.2C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 52) 9.14.4C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 56), 8.10.3C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 60), 8.10.3-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 60), 9.7.2-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 52), 9.7.2-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 52), 9.14.4-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 56), 9.14.4-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 56), 9.14.4-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 56) NO: 28), 9.7.2-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 48), 8.10.3-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 44), 8.10.3-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 60), 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO. NO: 32), or 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: containing V _L or a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequences of these portions, 28). In some embodiments, the portion of the antibody comprises at least a CDR2 region. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes the amino acid sequence of the CDR of the light chain of the antibody. In some embodiments, the portion of the antibody is a proximal portion comprising CDR1-CDR3.

  In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an amino acid sequence of one light chain of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60. A nucleotide sequence encoding In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises the nucleotide sequence of the light chain of SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11, 27, 31, 35, 43, or 47, or a portion thereof.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule has the amino acid sequence of _VL shown in FIG. 1 or the antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7 .2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 V _L amino acid sequence, or at least 70% with any one amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% encode the same _VL amino acid sequence. The nucleic acid molecule of the present invention has the SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60 under the high stringent conditions as described above. A nucleic acid sequence that encodes the light chain amino acid sequence, or a nucleic acid that hybridizes to the light chain nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11, 27, 31, 35, 43, or 47.

  In another embodiment, the nucleic acid is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14. 4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1, or SEQ ID NO: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, A full length light chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60, and a light chain constant region, or a light chain comprising a light chain amino acid sequence comprising a mutation. Code. The nucleic acid also comprises a light chain nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11, 27, 31, 35, 43, or 47, and a nucleotide sequence encoding a light chain constant region, or a light chain comprising a mutation. It may contain nucleic acid molecules that encode.

In another preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a human V _H 1-18, 3-33, 3-11, 3-23, 3-48, or 3-7 gene sequence, or a sequence derived therefrom. Encodes the variable domain (V _H ) of the heavy chain. In various embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises a human V _H 1-18 gene, a human D _H 4-23 gene, and a human J _H 4 gene; a human V _H 3-33 gene, a human D _H 1-26 gene, and human J _H 4 gene; human V _H 3-11 gene, human D _H 7-27 gene, and human J _H 4 gene; human V _H 3 -11 genes, human D _H 7-27 genes, and human J _H 6 genes; human V _H 3-23 genes, human D _H 1-26 genes, and human J _H 4 Human V _H 3-7 gene, human D _H 6-13 gene, and human J _H 4 gene; human V _H 3-11 gene, human D _H 7-27 gene The gene, and the human J _H 4b gene; the human V _H 3-48 gene, the human D _H 1-26 gene, and the human J _H 4b gene; the human V _H 3-11 gene, gene D _H 6-13 of human, and the gene of human J _H 6b or human genetic thereof, Comprising a sequence derived from the group.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is one, two, three, four, five compared to the germline amino acid sequence of a human V, D, or J gene. 6 places, 7 places, 8 places, 9 places, 10 places, 11 places, 12 places, 13 places, 14 places, 15 places, 16 places, 17 places, or It encodes an amino acid sequence containing 18 mutations. In some embodiments, such mutations are in the _VH region. In some embodiments, the mutation is in the CDR region.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is a monoclonal antibody 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4- CG4,9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4,8.10.3FG1, or same as the found amino acid mutation in V _H of 9.14.4G1, germline Encodes one or more amino acid variations compared to the sequence. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encodes at least three amino acid mutations compared to the germline sequence that are identical to at least three amino acid mutations found in one of the monoclonal antibodies described above.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 4), antibody 88 (SEQ ID NO: 8), antibody 100 (SEQ ID NO: 12), antibody 3.8.3 (SEQ ID NO: 16). ), Antibody 2.7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 20), antibody 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 24), antibody 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 28), antibody 8.10.3F (SEQ ID NO: 32), Antibody 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO: 36), Antibody 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 28), Antibody 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 44), Antibody 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 48), Antibody 9.7 .2C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.14.4C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 8.10.3C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 60), antibody 8.10.3-CG2 (SEQ ID NO : 60), antibody 9.7.2-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.7.2-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 52), antibody 9.14.4-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 9.14.4 -CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 56), antibody 9.14.4-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 28), antibody 9.7.2-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 48), antibody 8.10.3-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 44) ), antibody 8.10.3-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 60), antibody 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO: 32) , or antibody 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: 28) when less of the amino acid sequence of the V _H of Comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a portion, or a conservative amino acid mutations and / or the entire the same sequence with a non-conservative amino acid substitutions of 3 places or less points. In various embodiments, the sequence encodes one or more CDR regions, preferably the CDR3 region, all three CDR regions, adjacent portions comprising CDR1-CDR3, or the entire _VH region.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, Contains the heavy chain nucleotide sequence encoding one amino acid sequence of 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102. In some preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule comprises at least a portion of the heavy chain nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 25, 29, 33, 37, 45, 97, or 101. In some embodiments, the portion of the antibody encodes a _VH region, CDR3 region, all three CDR regions, or a contiguous region comprising CDR1-CDR3.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encodes at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the amino acid sequence of _VH in FIG. Or SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90 , 94, 98, or 102 encoding the amino acid sequence of the amino acid sequence identical to a V _H of any one of V _H of. The nucleic acid molecules of the present invention are SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82 , 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102, the nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain amino acid sequence, or SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 25, 29, 33, 37, 45, 97, or 101 Nucleic acids that hybridize under high stringency conditions as described above are included.

  In another embodiment, the nucleic acid is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14. Full length heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of 4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1, or SEQ ID NO: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102 And heavy chain constant regions, or heavy chains containing mutations. Nucleic acids also have a heavy chain nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 25, 29, 33, 37, 45, 97, or 101, and a nucleotide sequence encoding a light chain constant region, or a mutation. It may contain nucleic acid molecules that encode heavy chains.

  Nucleic acid molecules encoding the heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, or the entire light chain, or a portion thereof, can be isolated from any source that produces such an antibody. In various embodiments, nucleic acid molecules are isolated from B cells isolated from animals immunized with M-CSF or from immortalized cells derived from such B cells that express anti-M-CSF antibodies. . Methods for isolating mRNA encoding an antibody are well known in the art (see, eg, Sambrook et al.). Such mRNA can be used to make cDNA for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or cDNA cloning targeting antibody genes. In a preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule is isolated from one of its fusion partners from a hybridoma having human immunoglobulin producing cells derived from a non-human transgenic animal. In an even more preferred embodiment, human immunoglobulin producing cells are isolated from XENOMOUSE ™ animals. In another aspect, the human immunoglobulin producing cells are derived from non-human, non-mouse transgenic animals, as described above. In another aspect, the nucleic acid is isolated from a non-human non-transgenic animal. Nucleic acid molecules isolated from non-human non-transgenic animals can be used, for example, in humanized antibodies.

In some embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention is linked in frame to a nucleotide sequence encoding the constant domain of a heavy chain from any source. May contain a nucleotide sequence encoding the _VH domain. Similarly, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention is linked to a nucleotide sequence encoding the constant domain of the light chain from any source in frame. _It may contain a nucleotide sequence encoding the _L domain.

In another aspect of the invention, a nucleic acid molecule encoding a heavy chain variable domain (V _H ) and / or a light chain variable domain (V _L ) is converted to a full-length antibody gene. In one embodiment, a nucleic acid molecule encoding the V _H domain or V _L domains, V _H segment is operatively linked to the C _H segment in the vector, and V _L segments functionally within C _L segment within the vector The heavy chain constant domain (C _H ) or the light chain constant domain (C _L ) is inserted into an expression vector that already encodes, respectively, to be converted into a full-length antibody gene. In another embodiment, V _H domains and / or V a nucleic acid molecule encoding the _L domain, nucleic a nucleic acid molecule encoding the V _H and / or V _L domains encoding a C _H domain and / or C _L domain molecules Then, it is converted into a full-length antibody gene by ligation (for example, ligase binding) using standard molecular biology techniques. The nucleic acid sequences of human heavy and light chain immunoglobulin constant domain genes are well known in the art. See, for example, Kabat et al., “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, 5th edition, NIH Publ. No. 91-3242, 1991. Nucleic acid molecules encoding full-length heavy and / or light chains can then be expressed in cells into which the nucleic acid molecule has been introduced to isolate anti-M-CSF antibodies.

  Such nucleic acid molecules can be used to recombinantly express large amounts of anti-M-CSF antibodies. The nucleic acid molecule can also be used to produce chimeric antibodies, bispecific antibodies, single chain antibodies, immunoadhesins, diabodies, mutant antibodies, and antibody derivatives, as described in detail below. . If the nucleic acid molecule is derived from a non-human non-transgenic animal, the nucleic acid molecule can be used for humanization of the antibody described below.

  In another embodiment, the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are used as probes or PCR primers for specific antibody sequences. For example, the nucleic acid can be used as a probe in a diagnostic method or as a PCR primer to amplify a region of DNA and in particular to isolate an additional nucleic acid molecule encoding the variable domain of an anti-M-CSF antibody. it can. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule is an oligonucleotide. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide is derived from a region that exhibits highly variable regions of the heavy and light chains of the subject antibody. In some embodiments, the oligonucleotide comprises all or part of one or more of the CDRs of antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, or 1.120.1 or variants thereof described herein. Code.

Vector The present invention provides a vector comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The invention also provides vectors comprising nucleic acid molecules encoding the light chain of such antibodies, or antigen binding portions thereof. The present invention further provides a vector comprising a fusion protein, a modified antibody, an antibody fragment, and a nucleic acid molecule encoding the probe.

  In some embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody or antigen-binding portion of the invention is transcribed from DNA encoding partial or full-length light and heavy chains obtained by the above procedure, and the gene of interest is transcribed and The expression is carried out by inserting it into an expression vector so as to be operably linked to a necessary expression control sequence such as a translation control sequence. Expression vectors include plasmids, retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAV), plant viruses (such as cauliflower mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus), cosmids, YACs, episomes derived from EBV, and the like. The antibody gene is linked to the vector so that the transcriptional and translational control sequences in the vector perform the intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of the antibody gene. The expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible with the expression host cell used. The antibody light chain gene and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into separate vectors. In a preferred embodiment, both genes are inserted into the same expression vector. The antibody gene is inserted into the expression vector by standard methods (eg, ligation of complementary restriction enzyme cleavage sites on the antibody gene fragment and vector, or blunt end ligation if no restriction enzyme cleavage sites exist).

A convenient vector, as described above, is a functional, complete, human, with appropriate restriction enzyme cleavage sites designed to facilitate the insertion and expression of any _VH or _VL sequence. A vector encoding a C _H or C _L immunoglobulin sequence. Such splicing in vectors usually occurs a splice donor site in the inserted J region, between the splice acceptor site preceding the C domain of human, also at the splice regions that occur within the exon of human C _H . Polyadenylation and transcription termination occur at natural chromosomal sites downstream of the coding region. The recombinant expression vector may encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the antibody chain from the host cell. The antibody chain gene can be cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the immunoglobulin chain. The signal peptide may be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (a signal peptide derived from a non-immunoglobulin protein).

  In addition to antibody chain genes, the recombinant expression vectors of the invention have regulatory sequences that control the expression of antibody chain genes in host cells. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the design of an expression vector, including the selection of regulatory sequences, can be influenced by factors such as the selection of the host cell to be transformed and the level of expression of the desired protein. Preferred regulatory sequences for expression in mammalian host cells are promoters and / or enhancers from the retroviral LTR, cytomegalovirus (CMV) (such as the CMV promoter / enhancer), simian virus 40 (SV40) (SV40 promoter / Induces expression of high levels of proteins in mammalian cells, such as enhancers, adenoviruses (eg, adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP)), polyomas and strong mammalian promoters (such as native immunoglobulin and actin promoters) Containing virus elements. See, for example, US Pat. No. 5,168,062, US Pat. No. 4,510,245, and US Pat. No. 4,968,615 for details on viral regulatory elements and this sequence. Methods for expressing antibodies in plants, including descriptions of promoters and vectors, and methods for transforming plants are well known in the art. See, for example, US Pat. No. 6,517,529, which is incorporated herein by reference. Methods for expressing polypeptides in bacterial or fungal cells (eg, yeast cells) are well known in the art.

  In addition to antibody chain genes and regulatory sequences, the recombinant expression vectors of the invention may contain additional sequences such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (eg, origins of replication), and selectable marker genes. is there. The presence of a selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced (see, eg, US Pat. Nos. 4,399,216, 4,634,665, and 5,179,017). For example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to drugs, such as G418, hygromycin, or methotrexate, on a host cell into which the vector has been introduced. Preferred selectable marker genes include dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (used for selection / amplification by methotrexate using dfhr-host cells), neomycin resistance gene (for selection by G418), and glutamate synthase gene, etc. There is.

Non-hybridoma host cells and methods of producing proteins recombinantly A nucleic acid molecule encoding an anti-M-CSF antibody and a vector comprising such a nucleic acid molecule can be transferred to a suitable mammalian, plant, bacterial or yeast host cell. It can be used for Transformation can be any known method for introducing a polynucleotide into a host cell. Methods for introducing heterologous polynucleotides into mammalian cells are well known in the art and include transfection with dextran, calcium phosphate precipitation, transfection with polybrene, protoplast fusion, electroporation, and the introduction of polynucleotides into liposomes. Includes encapsulation and direct microinjection of DNA into the nucleus. Nucleic acid molecules can also be introduced into mammalian cells using viral vectors. Methods for transforming cells are well known in the art. See, for example, US Pat. Nos. 4,399,216, 4,912,040, 4,740,461, and 4,959,455 (patents incorporated herein by reference). Methods for transforming plant cells are well known in the art, including, for example, transformation with Agrobacterium, microparticle gun transformation, direct injection, electroporation, and viral transformation. Methods for transforming bacteria and yeast cells are also well known in the art.

  Mammalian cell lines that can be used as hosts for expression are well known in the art and include many immortal cell lines available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Such cells include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, NSO, SP2 cells, HeLa cells, juvenile hamster kidney (BHK) cells, monkey kidney cells (COS), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (e.g., Hep G2 ), A549 cells, and several other cell lines. Cell lines with a particular selectivity are selected by determining which cell lines have high expression levels. Other cell lines that can be used are insect cell lines such as Sf9 cells. When a recombinant expression vector encoding an antibody gene is introduced into a mammalian host cell, it allows expression of the antibody in the host cell or, more preferably, release of the antibody into the medium in which the host cell is grown. The antibody is produced by culturing host cells for a sufficient period of time. Antibodies can be recovered from the medium by standard protein purification methods. Plant host cells include, for example, tobacco (Nicotiana), Arabidopsis, duckweed, corn, wheat, potato and the like. Bacterial host cells include E. coli and Streptomyces species. Yeast host cells include fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and Pichia pastoris.

  In addition, the expression of the antibody of the present invention (or other part derived therefrom) by the production cell line can be enhanced by several known techniques. For example, a glutamine synthetase gene expression system (GS system) is a general method for enhancing expression under specific conditions. The GS system is described in whole or in part in European Patent Nos. 0 216 846, 0 256 055, and 0 323 997, and European Patent Application No. 893033964.4.

  It is possible that antibodies expressed in different cell lines or transgenic animals are subject to different sugar modifications. However, all antibodies encoded by the nucleic acid molecules described herein, or antibodies comprising the amino acid sequences described herein, may be of the present invention regardless of the glycosylation status or pattern or modification of the antibody. It is a part.

Transgenic Animals and Transgenic Plants The anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention is capable of producing a mammal or plant that is transgenic for the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain sequences of interest and recovering antibody production. It can also be produced by a transgenic technique performed in In connection with production by transgenic techniques in mammals, anti-M-CSF antibodies can be produced and recovered from goat, cow, or other mammalian milk. See, for example, US Pat. Nos. 5,827,690, 5,756,687, 5,750,172, and 5,741,957. In some embodiments, as described above, a non-human transgenic animal comprising a human immunoglobulin locus is immunized with M-CSF, or an immunogenic portion thereof, as described above. Methods for producing antibodies in plants, yeast or fungi / algae are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,046,037 and US Pat. No. 5,959,177.

  In some embodiments, a non-human transgenic animal or plant is introduced into the animal or plant by standard transgenic methods with one or more nucleic acid molecules encoding an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention. To make it. See Hogan's reference above and US Pat. No. 6,417,429 for this. The transgenic cells used to create the transgenic animal can be embryonic stem cells or somatic cells. Transgenic non-human organisms can be chimeric, non-chimeric heterozygotes, and non-chimeric homozygotes. For example, Hogan et al., “Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual”, 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press (1999); Jackson et al., “Mouse Genetics and Transgenics: A Practical Approach”, Oxford University Press (2000) And Pinkert, “Transgenic Animal Technology: A Laboratorv Handbook”, Academic Press (1999). In some embodiments, the transgenic non-human animal has target disruption and target replacement by targeting a construct encoding a heavy chain and / or light chain of interest. In preferred embodiments, such transgenic animals contain and express nucleic acid molecules encoding heavy and light chains that specifically bind to M-CSF, preferably human M-CSF. In some aspects, the transgenic animal comprises a nucleic acid molecule encoding a modified antibody, such as a single chain antibody, a chimeric antibody, or a humanized antibody. The anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention can be produced in any transgenic animal. In a preferred embodiment, the non-human animal is a mouse, rat, sheep, pig, goat, cow or horse. Non-human transgenic animals express the encoded polypeptide in blood, milk, urine, saliva, tears, mucus, and other body fluids.

Phage display library The present invention comprises the steps of synthesizing a library of human antibodies on phage, screening the library with M-CSF or a portion thereof, isolating phage that bind to M-CSF, and A method of producing an anti-M-CSF antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof comprising the step of recovering an antibody from a phage is provided. As an example, one method of preparing a library of antibodies for use in phage display techniques is to immunize non-human animals containing human immunoglobulin loci with M-CSF, or an antigenic portion thereof, to induce an immune response. The step of extracting antibody-producing cells from the immunized animal, the step of isolating RNA from the extracted cells, the step of reverse-trancribing RNA to produce cDNA, the step of amplifying the cDNA with primers, and the antibody Inserting the cDNA into a phage display vector for expression on the phage. The recombinant anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention can be obtained in this way.

を参照されたい)。 The recombinant anti-M-CSF human antibody of the present invention can be isolated by screening a recombinant combinatorial antibody library. Preferably, the library is an scFv phage display library generated using human _VL and _VH cDNA prepared from mRNA isolated from B cells. Methods for preparing and screening such libraries are well known in the art. Kits for generating phage display libraries are commercially available (eg, Pharmacia Recombinant Phage Antibody System, catalog number 27-9400-01; and Stratagene SurfZAP ™ phage display kit, catalog number 240612). There are other methods and reagents that can be used to generate and screen antibody display libraries (e.g.,

See).

  In one embodiment, a human anti-M-CSF antibody described herein is first used to isolate a human anti-M-CSF antibody having the desired characteristics, and similar binding activity to M-CSF. Human heavy and light chain sequences having are selected by the epitope imprinting method described in WO 93/06213. The antibody library used in this method is preferably described in WO 92/01047, McCafferty et al., Nature 348: 552-554 (1990); and Griffiths et al., EMBO J. 12: 725-734 (1993). ScFv library prepared and screened by procedure. The scFv antibody library is preferably screened using human M-CSF as an antigen.

Once the first human _VL and _VH domains are selected, different pairs of the initially selected _VL and _VH segments are screened for M-CSF binding. ) ”To perform experiments to select a preferred V _L / V _H pair combination. To further improve antibody quality, random mutations in the V _L and V _H segments of the preferred V _L / V _H pair, preferably within the CDR 3 region of V _H and / or V _L It can be introduced in a process analogous to the in vivo somatic mutation process involved in affinity maturation of antibodies in the immune response. Affinity maturation in vitro, using each complementary PCR primers to CDR3 of CDR3 or V _L of V _H, can be achieved by amplifying the V _H and V _L domains (primer at specific locations with a random mixture of the four nucleotide bases using those "spikes", resulting PCR products, the V _H and / or V _L V _H and V _L which random mutations have been introduced into the CDR3 region of Code the segment). Screening for binding to M-CSF may be performed on such V _H and V _L segments that are randomly mutated.

  After screening and isolation of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention against a recombinant immunoglobulin display library, the nucleic acid encoding the selected antibody is recovered from a display package (e.g., a phage genome), It can be subcloned into other expression vectors by standard recombinant DNA techniques. If desired, such nucleic acids can be further manipulated to produce other antibody types of the invention, as described below. In order to express a recombinant human antibody isolated by combinatorial library screening, DNA encoding the antibody is cloned into a recombinant expression vector and introduced into a mammalian host cell as described above.

Class Switch Another aspect of the invention provides a method of converting a class or subclass of an anti-M-CSF antibody to another class or subclass. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid molecule encoding the V _L or V _H that does not include any nucleic acid sequences encoding C _L or C _H, are isolated using methods known in the art. This nucleic acid molecule is then operably linked to a nucleic acid sequence encoding C _L or C _H from the desired immunoglobulin class or subclass. This can be accomplished with a vector or nucleic acid molecule comprising a C _L chain or C _H chain as described above. For example, the class of an anti-M-CSF antibody that was originally IgM can be changed to IgG. Also, by performing such class switching, one IgG subclass can be converted to another subclass (for example, from IgG1 to IgG2). Another method of making an antibody of the invention comprising a desired isotype comprises isolating a nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody and a nucleic acid encoding a light chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, V Isolating the sequence encoding the _H region, linking the V _H sequence to a sequence encoding a heavy chain constant domain of the desired isotype, expressing a light chain gene and heavy chain construct in the cell, and Recovering an anti-M-CSF antibody having the desired isotype.

In some embodiments, an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention has a serine at position 228 (according to the EU numbering convention) of the heavy chain that converts to proline. Therefore, CPSC subsequence in F _c region of IgG4 becomes CPPC is a partial sequence of IgG1 (Aalberse, RC and Schuurman, J., Immunology, 105: 9-19 (2002)). For example, serine at residue 243 of SEQ ID NO: 46 (corresponding to residue 228 in the EU numbering convention) becomes proline. Similarly, the serine at residue 242 of SEQ ID NO: 38 (corresponding to residue 228 in the EU numbering convention) becomes proline. In some embodiments, the framework region of an IgG4 antibody may be back-mutated to a germline framework sequence. Some embodiments include a framework region that revertants, both changes in serine to proline in the F _c region. See, for example, SEQ ID NO: 54 (antibody 9.14.4C-Ser) and SEQ ID NO: 58 (antibody 8.10.3C-Ser) described in Table 1.

Deimmunized antibodies Another method for producing antibodies with low immunogenicity is deimmunization of antibodies. In another aspect of the invention, the antibody may be deimmunized, for example, by the techniques described in PCT applications WO 98/52976 and WO 00/34317, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. .

Mutagenized antibodies In another embodiment, nucleic acid molecules, vectors, and host cells can be used to generate anti-M-CSF antibodies with mutations introduced. For such antibodies, for example, the binding properties of the antibodies can be altered by introducing mutations into the variable domains of the heavy and / or light chains. For example mutations to or lower and increasing the K _D of an antibody against M-CSF, in order to lower or to enhance the k _off, or to alter the binding specificity of the antibody, one of the CDR regions or It can be produced in plural. Techniques for site-directed mutagenesis are well known in the art. See, for example, Sambrook et al. And Ausubel et al. Above. In preferred embodiments, mutations are made in the variable domains of anti-M-CSF antibodies at amino acid residues that are known to change relative to germline. In another embodiment, the one or more mutations are monoclonal antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, In the CDR region or framework region of the variable domain of 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 Or in amino acid residues that are known to change compared to germline in the constant domain. In another embodiment, the one or more mutations are SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66, Selected from the group consisting of 70, 74, 78, 82, 86, 90, 94, 98, or 102, or the nucleotide sequence of the heavy chain is SEQ ID NO: 1, 5, 9, 25, 29, 33, The amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain represented by 37, 45, 97, or 101 is made to an amino acid residue that is known to change compared to the germline in the amino acid sequence of the CDR region or framework region. In another embodiment, the one or more mutations are from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 48, 52, 56, or 60. The CDR region or framework of the variable domain of the amino acid sequence of the light chain that is selected or whose light chain nucleotide sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, 7, 11, 27, 31, 35, 43, or 47 Made to amino acid residues that are known to change in the region compared to germline.

  In one embodiment, mutations are introduced into the framework region such that the resulting framework region (s) have the corresponding germline gene amino acid sequence. Introducing mutations within framework regions or constant domains can increase the half-life of anti-M-CSF antibodies. See, for example, PCT WO 00/09560, which is incorporated herein by reference. Mutations can be introduced into framework regions or constant domains to alter the immunogenicity of an antibody, provide a covalent or non-covalent binding site for another molecule, or complement binding, FcR binding, And properties such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) can be altered. In the present invention, an antibody may have mutations in the CDR or framework regions, constant domains, and variable regions within any one or more variable or constant domains.

In some embodiments, the number of amino acid mutations in either the _VH or _VL domain of the mutant anti-M-CSF antibody is between 1 and 8 compared to the anti-M-CSF antibody before mutagenesis Any number of In any of the above, the mutation may be present in one or more CDR regions. In addition, any mutation may be a conservative amino acid substitution. In some embodiments, there are only 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 amino acid changes in the constant domain.

Modified antibodies In another embodiment, a fusion antibody or immunoadhesion molecule can be made comprising all or part of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention linked to another polypeptide. In a preferred embodiment, only the variable domain of the anti-M-CSF antibody is linked to the polypeptide. In another preferred embodiment, the V _H domain of the anti-M-CSF antibody is linked to the first polypeptide, while the V _L domain of the anti-M-CSF antibody interacts with the V _H domain and the V _L domain. To a second polypeptide that binds to the first polypeptide so as to form an antibody binding site. In another preferred embodiment, the V _H domain is separated from the _VL domain by a linker so that the V _H domain and the _VL domain can interact (see “single chain antibody” below). The V _H -linker- _VL antibody is then linked to the subject polypeptide. This fusion antibody is useful in directing polypeptides to cells or tissues that express M-CSF. Such polypeptides can be therapeutic agents such as toxins, growth factors, or other regulatory proteins, and can be diagnostic agents such as easily visualized enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase. is there. A fusion antibody can also be prepared to link two (or more) single chain antibodies together. This is useful when attempting to make a bivalent or multivalent antibody on a single polypeptide chain, or when trying to make a bispecific antibody.

To create a single chain antibody (scFv), a DNA fragment encoding _VH and _VL is replaced with another fragment encoding a flexible linker (e.g., a fragment encoding the amino acid sequence (Gly ₄ -Ser) ₃ ). Functionally linked to In this way, the V _H and V _L sequences can be expressed as a contacting single chain protein with the V _L and V _H domains linked by a flexible linker. For example, Bird et al., Science 242: 423-426 (1988); Huston et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 5879-5883 (1988); Please refer to. Single chain antibodies may monovalent, if only one V _H and V _L are used, there is a case of a divalent if two V _H and V _L are used, or two If more than _VH and _VL are used, they may be multivalent. Bispecific or multivalent antibodies can be made to specifically bind M-CSF and another molecule.

  In other embodiments, other modified antibodies can be prepared using nucleic acid molecules encoding anti-M-CSF antibodies. For example, “kappa” (Ill et al., Protein Eng. 10: 949-57 (1997)), “Minibody” (Martin et al., EMBO J. 13: 5303-9 (1994)), “Diabody” (Holliger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 6444-6448 (1993)), or “Janusin” (Traunecker et al., EMBO J. 10: 3655-3659 (1991), and Traunecker et al., Int. J. Cancer (Appendix 7: 51-52 (1992)) can be prepared by standard molecular biology techniques as described herein.

  Bispecific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments can be produced by a variety of methods including fusion of hybridomas and linking of Fab ′ fragments. See, for example, Songsivilai and Lachmann, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 79: 315-321 (1990), Kostelny et al., J. Immunol. 148: 1547-1553 (1992). Bispecific antibodies may also be formed as “diabodies” or “Janusins”. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody binds to two different epitopes of M-CSF. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody is a monoclonal antibody 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10. Having a first heavy chain and a first light chain derived from .3, or 9.7.2 and the heavy and light chains of the additional antibody. In some embodiments, the additional light and heavy chains are also derived from one of the monoclonal antibodies described above, but are different from the first heavy and light chains.

  In some embodiments, the modified antibody is derived from a human anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody described herein, a nucleic acid sequence of a monoclonal antibody, or a nucleic acid sequence encoding the monoclonal antibody. Prepared with one or more variable domains or CDR regions derived from the encoded heavy or light chain.

Derivatized and labeled antibodies An anti-M-CSF antibody or antigen-binding portion of the invention can be derivatized or linked to another molecule (eg, another peptide or protein). In general, such antibodies or portions thereof are derivatized such that binding to M-CSF is not adversely affected by derivatization or labeling. Accordingly, the antibodies and antibody portions of the invention are intended to include both complete and modified human anti-M-CSF antibodies described herein. For example, an antibody or antibody portion of the invention can be detected (by chemical binding, gene fusion, non-covalent association, or other techniques), another antibody (e.g., bispecific antibody or diabody), for detection One or more other agents, such as a drug or cytotoxic agent, drug, and / or protein or peptide that can mediate binding of the antibody or antibody portion to another molecule (such as the core region of streptavidin or a polyhistidine tag) It can be functionally linked to the molecular body.

  One type of derivatized antibody is made by cross-linking two or more antibodies (eg, of the same type or different types to make a bispecific antibody). Suitable cross-linking agents include heterobifunctional agents (e.g., m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester) having two different reactive groups separated by appropriate spacers, or homobifunctional agents (e.g., Disuccinimidyl suberate) and the like. Such linkers can be purchased from Pierce Chemical Company (Rockford, Ill).

  Another type of derivatized antibody is a labeled antibody. Useful detection agents capable of derivatizing the antibodies or antigen-binding moieties of the present invention include fluorescent compounds including fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, 5-dimethylamine-1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, phycoerythrin, lanthanide phosphors, etc. There is. The antibody can also be labeled with an enzyme useful for detection, such as horseradish peroxidase, β-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose oxidase and the like. When an antibody is labeled with a detection enzyme, detection is performed by adding another reagent that produces an identifiable reaction product using the enzyme. For example, when the drug horseradish peroxidase is present, the addition of hydrogen peroxide and diaminobenzidine provides a detectable color reaction product. The antibody can also be detected by labeling with biotin and indirectly measuring the binding of avidin or streptavidin. The antibody can also be labeled with a predetermined polypeptide epitope (eg, leucine zipper pair sequence, secondary antibody binding site, metal binding domain, epitope tag) recognized by the secondary reporter. In some embodiments, the label is attached with spacer arms of various lengths to reduce potential steric hindrance.

Anti-M-CSF antibodies can also be labeled with radioactive amino acids. Radiolabeled anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. For example, radiolabeled anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to detect tumors that express M-CSF with x-rays or other diagnostic methods. Radiolabeled anti-M-CSF antibodies can also be used for therapeutic purposes as toxins against cancerous cells or tumors. Examples of labels for polypeptides include radioisotopes or radionuclides such as ³ H, ¹⁴ C, ¹⁵ N, ³⁵ S, ⁹⁰ Y, ⁹⁹ Tc, ¹¹¹ In, ¹²⁵ I, and ¹³¹ I. It is not limited to.

  Anti-M-CSF antibodies can also be derivatized with functional groups such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), methyl or ethyl groups, or sugar chain groups. These functional groups are useful to improve the biological properties of the antibody, for example to increase serum half-life or enhance binding to tissues.

Pharmaceutical Compositions and Kits The present invention also relates to compositions comprising human anti-M-CSF antagonist antibodies for the treatment of a subject in need of treatment for atherosclerosis. In some embodiments, the subject being treated is a human. In other embodiments, the test subject is a veterinary subject. A hyperproliferative disease in which monocytes play an important role that can be treated with the antagonist anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention may involve any tissue or organ, and may be brain tumor, lung cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, bladder Cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gynecological cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, or thyroid cancer, melanoma, Including but not limited to lymphoma, leukemia, or multiple myeloma. In particular, the human antagonist anti-M-CSF antibodies of the present invention are useful for the treatment or prevention of breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer.

  The invention also provides a therapeutically effective amount of a human anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody of the invention, arthritis in mammals, including humans, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter syndrome, gout, traumatic arthritis, rubella arthritis, and acute synovium Inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, ventilatory arthritis, and other arthritic conditions, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxin shock, gram-negative bacterial sepsis, toxin shock syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, neurotrauma, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral malaria, chronic pneumonia, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, bone resorption disease, osteoporosis, restenosis, heart and kidney reperfusion injury, thrombosis, glomerulonephritis , Diabetes, graft-to-host reaction, allograft rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, muscle degeneration, eczema, Including tactile dermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, or composition for the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of conjunctivitis shock, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

  Treatment can include administration of one or more antagonist anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibodies of the invention, or antigen-binding fragments thereof, alone or in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. As used herein, the expression “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to any and all physiologically compatible solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic agents, and It means absorption retardant. Some examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are water, saline, phosphate buffered saline, dextrose, glycerol, ethanol, and the like, as well as combinations thereof. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as mannitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition. Other examples of pharmaceutically acceptable substances include wetting agents, or trace amounts of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, preservatives, or buffers that increase or increase the effectiveness of the antibody. There is.

  The anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention and the composition comprising the same can be administered in combination with one or more other therapeutic, diagnostic, or prophylactic agents. Other therapeutic agents include other anti-neoplastic agents, anti-tumor agents, anti-angiogenic agents, or chemotherapeutic agents. These other agents can be included in the same composition or can be administered separately. In some embodiments, one or more inhibitory anti-M-CSF antibodies of the invention can be used as a vaccine or as an adjuvant to a vaccine.

  The compositions of the present invention can be liquid, semi-solid, and, for example, solutions (eg, injectable and injectable solutions), dispersions or suspensions, tablets, pills, powders, liposomes, and suppositories. It can take various forms such as solid dosage forms. The preferred form depends on the intended mode of administration and therapeutic application. A typical preferred composition is in the form of an injectable or injectable solution, such as a composition similar to that used for passive human immunization. The preferred mode of administration is parenteral (eg, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular). In a preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered by intravenous infusion or injection. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. In another aspect, the invention includes a method of treating a subject in need of treatment with an antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF or an antigen-binding portion thereof comprising the following steps: (a) heavy An effective amount of an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof, a light chain or an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the antigen-binding portion, or a light and heavy chain, or an antigen-binding portion thereof. Administering both encoding nucleic acid molecules; and (b) expressing the nucleic acid molecule.

  The therapeutic composition typically must be sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage. The composition can be formulated as a solution, microemulsion, dispersion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration. A sterile injectable solution can be prepared by mixing the required amount of anti-M-CSF antibody in a suitable solvent with a single agent or a composite agent of the above components and, if necessary, filter sterilizing. In general, dispersions are prepared by mixing the active compound with a basic dispersion medium and a sterile solvent which contains the necessary other ingredients as described above. In the case of sterile powders for preparing sterile injectable solutions, the preferred method of preparation is to obtain a powder of any additional desired ingredients derived from the same sterile filtered solution in addition to the active ingredient. Vacuum drying and freeze drying. For example, by using a coating agent such as lecithin, the fluidity of the solution can be maintained by maintaining the required particle size in the case of a dispersion, and by using a surfactant. Long-term absorption of injectable compositions can be achieved by including in the composition an agent that delays absorption, for example, monostearate salts or gelatin.

  While the antibodies of the invention can be administered by a variety of methods well known in the art, for some therapeutic applications, the preferred route / mode of administration is subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous infusion. It is. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the route and / or mode of administration will vary depending on the desired result.

  In certain embodiments, the active compounds of the antibody composition can be prepared using carriers that prevent rapid release of the antibody, such as implants, transdermally absorbable preparations (patches), and controlled release agents including microcapsule delivery systems. it can. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Many methods for the preparation of such formulations are patentable and generally known to those skilled in the art. See, for example, “Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems” (edited by J.R. Robinson, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1978).

  In certain embodiments, an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention can be administered orally, for example, with an inert dilution, or an absorbable and edible carrier. Such compounds (and other ingredients if desired) can also be wrapped in a hard shell gelatin capsule, compressed into tablets, or mixed directly into the subject's diet. For oral therapeutic administration, mix anti-M-CSF antibody with excipients and use in the form of ingestible tablets, sublingual tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, etc. Can do. In order to administer a compound of the present invention other than parenteral, it may be necessary to coat the compound with a material that prevents inactivation of the compound, or to co-administer such a material with the compound.

  Other active compounds can also be included in the composition. In certain embodiments, an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention is formulated and / or administered concurrently with one or more other therapeutic agents. Such agents include antibodies that bind to other targets, anti-neoplastic agents, antitumor agents, chemotherapeutic agents, peptide analogs that inhibit M-CSF, soluble c-fms that can bind to M-CSF, M -Includes one or more chemical agents that inhibit CSF, anti-inflammatory agents, anticoagulants, antihypertensive agents (eg, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors). Such combination therapies may require low doses of anti-M-CSF antibody and drugs that are administered simultaneously to avoid possible toxicity or complications associated with various monotherapy.

  Inhibitory anti-M-CSF antibodies and compositions comprising the same of the present invention can also be administered in combination with other therapies, particularly in combination with cancer radiotherapy. The compounds of the present invention include anti-cancer agents such as endostatin and angiostatin, or cytotoxic agents such as adriamycin, daunomycin, cisplatin, etoposide, taxol, taxotere, and alkaloids such as vincristine, farnesyltransferase inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors, and methotrexate. It can also be used in combination with metabolic antagonists such as

  The compounds of the present invention can also be used in combination with antiviral agents such as Viracept, AZT, acyclovir, and famciclovir, and antiseptic compounds such as Valant.

  The compositions of the invention may comprise a “therapeutically effective amount” or “prophylactically effective amount” of an antibody or antigen-binding portion of the invention. “Therapeutically effective amount” means an effective amount at the dose and for the duration necessary to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. The therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or antibody portion can vary depending on factors such as the disease stage, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of the antibody or antibody portion to generate a desired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amount is also an amount by which any toxic or adverse effect of the antibody or antibody portion exceeds the therapeutically effective effect. By “prophylactically effective amount” is meant an effective amount at the dose and for the period necessary to achieve the desired prophylactic result. Typically, since a prophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage of disease, the prophylactically effective amount may be less than the therapeutically effective amount.

  Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (eg, a therapeutic or prophylactic response). For example, a single bolus can be administered, multiple doses can be administered over time, or the dose can be reduced or increased proportionally depending on the urgency of the treatment situation is there. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage units for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. As used herein, a dose unit means a physically distinct unit suitable for a single dose intended for the mammalian individual to which it is administered; each unit is desired in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. A predetermined amount of active compound calculated to produce a therapeutic effect of The specification of the dosage unit of the present invention is: (a) an anti-M-CSF antibody, or some of its unique features, and the specific therapeutic or prophylactic effect to be achieved; and (b) an antibody that is sensitive to an individual. Are determined by and are directly dependent on the inherent limitations in the field of formulation.

  An exemplary non-limiting range for a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of an antibody or antibody portion of the invention is 0.025-50 mg / kg, more preferably 0.1-50 mg / kg, more preferably 0.1-25. mg / kg, 0.1-10 mg / kg, or 0.1-3 mg / kg. It is important that dose values may vary with the type and severity of the condition to be alleviated. Also, for any particular subject, the particular method of administration should be prepared over time according to the individual's needs and the judgment of the person who receives or monitors the subject composition by an expert. It should also be understood that the dosage ranges described herein are exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition.

  Another aspect of the invention provides a kit comprising an anti-M-CSF antibody or antigen-binding portion of the invention, or a composition comprising such an antibody or portion. The kit may contain a diagnostic or therapeutic agent in addition to the antibody or composition. The kit may also include instructions for use in a diagnostic or therapeutic method. In a preferred embodiment, the kit comprises an antibody or a composition comprising an antibody and a diagnostic agent that can be used in the methods described below. In another preferred embodiment, the kit comprises an antibody or a composition comprising the antibody and one or more therapeutic agents that can be used in the methods described below. One aspect of the invention relates to measuring the number of CD14 + CD16 + monocytes and anti-M-CSF antibodies in a container, instructions for administration of anti-M-CSF antibodies to patients with inflammatory diseases, or biological samples It is a kit containing the instructions.

  The present invention also relates to a composition for inhibiting abnormal cell growth in a mammal comprising a certain amount of an antibody of the present invention in combination with a certain amount of a chemotherapeutic agent (compound, salt, solvate, or Both the amount of prodrug as well as the amount of chemotherapeutic agent are effective in suppressing abnormal cell growth). Several chemotherapeutic agents are well known in the art. In some embodiments, the chemotherapeutic agent is a mitotic inhibitor, alkylating agent, antimetabolite, intervening antibiotic, growth factor inhibitor, cell cycle inhibitor, enzyme, topoisomerase inhibitor, biological response It is selected from the group consisting of modifiers, antihormones (eg antiandrogens), and antiangiogenic agents.

に記載されている。好ましいMMP阻害剤は、関節痛を生じない薬剤である。より好ましくは、他のマトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ(MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-4、MMP-5、MMP-6、MMP-7、MMP-8、MMP-10、MMP-11、MMP-12、およびMMP-13)に対して、MMP-2および/またはMMP-9を選択的に阻害する薬剤である。本発明に有用なMMP阻害剤のいくつかの特定の例は、AG-3340、RO 32-3555、RS 13-0830、および以下に列挙した化合物である：3-［［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-(1-ヒドロキシカルバモイル-シクロペンチル)アミノ］-プロピオン酸；3-エキソ-3-［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-8-オキサ-ビシクロ［3.2.1］オクタン-3-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；(2R, 3R)1-［4-(2-クロロ-4-フルオロ-ベンジルオキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-3-ヒドロキシ-3-メチル-ピぺリジン-2-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；4-［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-テトラヒドロ-ピラン-4-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；3-［［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-(1-ヒドロキシカルバモイル-シクロブチル)-アミノ］-プロピオン酸；4-［4-(4-クロロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-テトラヒドロ-ピラン-4-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；(R)3-［4-(4-クロロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-テトラヒドロ-ピラン-3-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；(2R, 3R)1-［4-(4-フルオロ-2-メチル-ベンジルオキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-3-ヒドロキシ-3-メチル-ピぺリジン-2-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；3-［［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-(1-ヒドロキシカルバモイル-1-メチル-エチル)-アミノ］-プロピオン酸；3-［［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニル］-(4-ヒドロキシカルバモイル-テトラヒドロ-ピラン-4-イル)-アミノ］-プロピオン酸；3-エキソ-3-［4-(4-クロロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-8-オキサ-ビシクロ［3.2.1］オクタン-3-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；3-エンド-3-［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］-8-オキサ-ビシクロ［3.2.1］オクタン-3-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド酸；および(R)3-［4-(4-フルオロ-フェノキシ)-ベンゼンスルホニルアミノ］テトラヒドロ-フラン-3-カルボン酸ヒドロキシアミド；ならびにこれらの化合物の薬学的に許容される塩および溶媒和物である。 Anti-angiogenic agents such as MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2) inhibitor, MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) inhibitor, and COX-II (cyclooxygenase II) inhibitor are used as anti-M-CSF antibodies of the present invention. Can be used together. Examples of useful COX-II inhibitors include CELEBREX ™ (celecoxib), valdecoxib, and rofecoxib. Examples of useful matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

It is described in. Preferred MMP inhibitors are those that do not cause joint pain. More preferably, other matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-4, MMP-5, MMP-6, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-10, MMP-11, MMP-12, And MMP-13) are agents that selectively inhibit MMP-2 and / or MMP-9. Some specific examples of MMP inhibitors useful in the present invention are AG-3340, RO 32-3555, RS 13-0830, and the compounds listed below: 3-[[4- (4-Fluoro -Phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-cyclopentyl) amino] -propionic acid; 3-exo-3- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [ 3.2.1] Octane-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; (2R, 3R) 1- [4- (2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyloxy) -benzenesulfonyl] -3-hydroxy-3-methyl-pipe Lysine-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; 4- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; 3-[[4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy ) -Benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-cyclobutyl) -amino] -propi On acid; 4- [4- (4-chloro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -tetrahydro-pyran-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; (R) 3- [4- (4-chloro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl Amino] -tetrahydro-pyran-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; (2R, 3R) 1- [4- (4-fluoro-2-methyl-benzyloxy) -benzenesulfonyl] -3-hydroxy-3-methyl-pi Peridine-2-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; 3-[[4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(1-hydroxycarbamoyl-1-methyl-ethyl) -amino] -propionic acid; 3- [ [4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonyl]-(4-hydroxycarbamoyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl) -amino] -propionic acid; 3-exo-3- [4- (4-chloro- Phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-3-car 3-endo-3- [4- (4-fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] -8-oxa-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide acid; and (R ) 3- [4- (4-Fluoro-phenoxy) -benzenesulfonylamino] tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates of these compounds.

  The compound containing the human anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody of the present invention is an agent capable of inhibiting EGF-R (epidermal growth factor receptor) reaction such as EGF-R antibody, EGF antibody, and EGF-R inhibitor; Inhibitors of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) such as inhibitors and molecules of VEGF that can be inhibited; and erbB2 receptor inhibitors such as organic molecules or antibodies that bind to the erbB2 receptor (eg HERCEPTIN ™ (Genentech, Inc. .)) And other signal transduction inhibitors. EGF-R inhibitors include, for example, WO 95/19970 (published July 27, 1995), WO 98/14451 (published April 9, 1998), WO 98/02434 (published January 22, 1998), And US Pat. No. 5,747,498 (published May 5, 1998), and such materials can be used in the present invention with the procedures described herein. EGF-R inhibitors include monoclonal antibody C225 and anti-EGF-R 22Mab (ImClone Systems Incorporated), ABX-EGF (Abgenix / Cell Genesys), EMD-7200 (Merck KgaA), EMD-5590 (Merck KgaA), MDX-447 / H-477 (Medarex Inc. and Merck KgaA) and compounds ZD-1834, ZD-1838, and ZD-1839 (AstraZeneca), PKI-166 (Novartis), PKI-166 / CGP-75166 (Novartis ), PTK 787 (Novartis), CP 701 (Cephalon), leflunomide (Pharmacia / Sugen), CI-1033 (Warner Lambert Parke Davis), CI-1033 / PD 183, 805 (Warner Lambert Parke Davis), CL-387, 785 (Wyeth-Ayerst), BBR-1611 (Boehringer Mannheim GmbH / Roche), Naamidine A (Bristol Myers Squibb), RC-3940-II (Pharmacia), BIBX-1382 (Boehringer Ingelheim), OLX-103 (Merck & Co .), VRCTC-3101 (Ventech Research), EGF fusion toxin (Seragen Inc.), DAB-389 (Seragen / Lilgand), ZM-252808 (Imperial Cancer Research Fund), RG-50864 (INSERM), LFM-A12 ( Parker hughe s Cancer Center), WHI-P97 (Parker Hughes Cancer Center), GW-282974 (Glaxo), KT-8391 (Kyowa Hakko), and EGF-R vaccine (York Medical / Centro de Immunologia Molecular (CIM)) However, it is not limited to these. These and other EGF-R inhibitory agents can be used in the present invention.

に記載されている。本発明で有用ないくつかの特異的なVEGF阻害剤の他の例は、IM862(Cytran社)；Genentech, Inc.の抗VEGFモノクローナル抗体；ならびにRibozyme社およびChiron社の合成リボザイムであるアンジオザイム(angiozyme)である。これらのVEGF阻害剤および他のVEGF阻害剤は、本明細書に記載されたように本発明に使用することができる。GW-282974(Glaxo Wellcome plc)などのErbB2受容体阻害剤、ならびにモノクローナル抗体AR-209(Aronex Pharmaceuticals社)、および2B-1(Chiron)はさらに、例えば全体が参照として本明細書に組み入れられる

に記載されている本発明の化合物と組み合わせることができる。本発明で有用なErbB2受容体阻害剤は、いずれも全体が参照として本明細書に組み入れられる米国特許第6,465,449号(2002年10月15日発行)、および米国特許第6284,764号(2001年9月4日発行)にも記載されている。上記のPCT出願、米国特許、および米国仮特許出願に記載されたerbB2受容体阻害剤の化合物および物質、ならびにerbB2受容体を阻害する他の化合物および物質を、本発明の化合物とともに、本発明で使用することができる。 VEGF inhibitors such as SU-5416 and SU-6668 (Sugen), AVASTIN ™ (Genentech), SH-268 (Schering), and NX-1838 (NeXstar) may also be combined with the compounds of the present invention. it can. VEGF inhibitors, for example, are all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

It is described in. Other examples of some specific VEGF inhibitors useful in the present invention include IM862 (Cytran); Genentech, Inc. anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; and Rigiozyme and Chiron's synthetic ribozyme, angiozyme ( angiozyme). These VEGF inhibitors and other VEGF inhibitors can be used in the present invention as described herein. ErbB2 receptor inhibitors such as GW-282974 (Glaxo Wellcome plc), and monoclonal antibodies AR-209 (Aronex Pharmaceuticals) and 2B-1 (Chiron) are further incorporated herein by reference, for example in their entirety.

Can be combined with the compounds of the invention described in. ErbB2 receptor inhibitors useful in the present invention are described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,465,449 (issued Oct. 15, 2002), and U.S. Pat.No. 6,284,764 (2001), all of which are incorporated herein by reference. (Issued September 4). The erbB2 receptor inhibitor compounds and substances described in the above PCT applications, U.S. patents, and U.S. provisional patent applications, as well as other compounds and substances that inhibit erbB2 receptors, together with the compounds of the present invention, Can be used.

  Anti-survival agents include anti-integrin agents such as anti-IGF-IR antibodies and anti-integrin antibodies.

  Anti-inflammatory agents can be used with the anti-M-CSF antibodies of the present invention. For the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, human anti-M-CSF antibodies of the present invention can be combined with TNF agents (such as REMICADE ™, CDP-870, HUMIRA ™) and TNF receptor immunoglobulin molecules (ENBREL ( TNF-α inhibitors, IL-1 inhibitors, receptor antagonists, or soluble IL-1ra (eg, Kineret and ICE inhibitors), COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, etoroxib Etc.), metalloprotease inhibitors (preferably MMP-13 selective inhibitors), p2X7 inhibitors, α2δ ligands (such as NEUROTIN ™ and PREGABALIN ™), low dose methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, d-penicillamine Can be combined with drugs such as auranofin, parenteral or oral gold. The compounds of the present invention can also be used in combination with existing therapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Suitable drugs that can be used in combination include standard nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as piroxicam and diclofenac (hereinafter referred to as NSAID), propion such as naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, and ibuprofen Acid, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, fenamate such as apazone, pyrazolone such as phenylbutazone, salicylate such as aspirin, celecoxib, valdecoxib, rofecoxib and COX-2 inhibitors such as etoroxixib There are analgesics and intra-articular treatments such as corticosteroids, and hyaluronates such as hyalgan and symbsk.

  Anticoagulants can be used with the anti-M-CSF antibodies of the invention. Examples of anticoagulants include, but are not limited to, warfarin (COUMADIN ™), heparin, and enoxaparin (LOVENOX ™).

  The human anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention comprises cardiovascular drugs such as calcium channel blockers, lipid lowering drugs such as statins, fibrates, β-blockers, Ace inhibitors, angiotensin-2 receptor antagonists, and platelet aggregation inhibitors It can also be used in combination with an agent. The compounds of the present invention include CNS drugs such as antidepressants (such as sertraline), antiparkinson drugs (deprenyl, L-dopa, REQUIP ™, MIRAPEX ™), MAOB inhibitors such as selegine and rasagiline, Tasmar ComP inhibitors, A-2 inhibitors, dopamine reuptake inhibitors, NMDA antagonists, nicotine agonists, dopamine agonists, and inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), and anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs such as donepezil and tacrine , Α2δ ligand inhibitors (such as NEUROTIN ™ and PREGABALIN ™), COX-2 inhibitors, propentophilin, or metryfonate.

  The human anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention should be used in combination with osteoporosis drugs such as raloxifene, droloxifene, lasofoxifene, or fosomax, and immunosuppressive drugs such as FK-506 and rapamycin. You can also.

In another aspect of the diagnostic method used , the present invention provides a diagnostic method. Anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to detect M-CSF in a biological sample in vitro or in vivo. In one embodiment, the invention includes the step of injecting an antibody into a subject, determining the expression of M-CSF in the subject by determining the antibody binding location, and expressing the subject in a normal standard subject or standard. Provided are methods for diagnosing the presence or location of a tumor that expresses M-CSF in a subject in need of treatment, comprising comparing and diagnosing the presence or location of the tumor.

  Anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used in conventional immunoassays, including but not limited to ELISA, RIA, FACS, tissue immunohistochemical techniques, Western blots, or immunoprecipitation. The anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention can be used for detection of M-CSF derived from human. In another aspect, anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to detect M-CSF from primates such as cynomolgus monkeys, rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees or apes. The present invention provides a method for detecting M-CSF in a biological sample comprising contacting a biological sample with an anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention and detecting the bound antibody. . In one embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is directly labeled with a detectable label. In another embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody (primary antibody) is not labeled, but a secondary antibody or other molecule capable of binding to the anti-M-CSF antibody is labeled. As is well known to those skilled in the art, a secondary antibody is selected that can specifically bind to a primary antibody of a particular species and class. For example, when the anti-M-CSF antibody is human IgG, the secondary antibody may be anti-human IgG. Examples of other molecules capable of binding to the antibody include, but are not limited to, protein A (Protein A) and protein (Protein G) commercially available from Pierce Chemical.

Suitable labels for antibodies or secondary antibodies are as described above and include various enzymes, prosthetic groups, fluorescent materials, luminescent materials, and radioactive materials. Examples of suitable enzymes include horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; examples of suitable prosthetic group complexes include streptavidin / biotin and avidin / biotin Examples of suitable fluorescent materials include umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride, or phycoerythrin; examples of luminescent materials include luminol; Examples of radioactive materials include ¹²⁵ I, ¹³¹ I, ³⁵ S, or ³ H.

  In other embodiments, M-CSF can be examined in a biological sample in a competitive immunoassay using an M-CSF standard labeled with a detection agent and an unlabeled anti-M-CSF antibody. In this assay, the biological sample, labeled M-CSF standard, and anti-M-CSF antibody are mixed to determine the amount of labeled M-CSF standard bound to the unlabeled antibody. The amount of M-CSF in the biological sample is inversely proportional to the amount of labeled M-CSF standard bound to the anti-M-CSF antibody.

  The immunoassay method described above can be used for several purposes. For example, anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to detect M-CSF as secreted during cell culture, intracellularly or on the cell surface, or in tissue culture medium. Anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to determine the amount of M-CSF on the cell surface or secreted into tissue culture medium treated with various compounds . In this way, compounds useful for inhibiting or activating M-CSF expression or secretion can be identified. In this way, one sample of cells is treated with a test compound for a period of time and another sample is not treated. When measuring the total level of M-CSF, the cells are lysed and the total M-CSF level is measured with one of the immunoassays described above. The effect of the test compound is determined by comparing the total level of M-CSF between treated and untreated cells.

Immunoassays for measuring total M-CSF levels are ELISA or Western blot. When measuring the cell surface level of M-CSF, the cell surface level of M-CSF can be measured by one of the immunoassays described above without lysing the cells. An immunoassay to determine the cell surface level of M-CSF involves labeling cell surface proteins with a detection label such as biotin or ¹²⁵ I, and immunoprecipitating M-CSF with an anti-M-CSF antibody. The next step may be to detect M-CSF. Another immunoassay for determining M-CSF localization (eg, cell surface level) may be an immunohistochemical technique. Methods such as ELISA, RIA, Western blot, immunohistochemical techniques, cell surface labeling of integral membrane proteins, and immunoprecipitation are well known in the art. For this, see for example Harlow and Lane mentioned above. Immunoassays can also be scaled up for high-throughput screening with the goal of examining a large number of compounds for M-CSF inhibition or activation.

Other examples of immunoassays that measure levels of secreted M-CSF include antigen capture assays using the antibodies of the invention, ELISA, immunohistochemical assays, Western blots and other methods. When measuring secreted M-CSF, it is possible to perform an assay for secreted M-CSF in cell culture media or body fluids such as serum, urine, or synovial fluid, and / or Cells can be lysed to release M-CSF that has been produced but not yet secreted. The immunoassay method for determining the secretion level of M-CSF includes the steps of labeling a secreted protein with a detection label such as biotin and ¹²⁵ I, immunoprecipitation of M-CSF with an anti-M-CSF antibody, Subsequent to detecting labeled M-CSF. Another immunoassay to determine the secretion level of M-CSF may include the following steps: (a) pre-binding anti-M-CSF antibody to the surface of the microtiter plate; (b ) Adding a tissue culture medium or a body fluid containing secreted M-CSF to the wells of the microtiter plate to bind to the anti-M-CSF antibody; (c) an antibody that detects the anti-M-CSF antibody, eg, step ( a) adding anti-M-CSF labeled with digoxigenin that binds to a different epitope of M-CSF from the anti-M-CSF antibody of (d), (d) adding the antibody to digoxigenin-binding peroxidase; and (e ) Adding a peroxidase substrate that yields a quantifiable colored reaction product to determine the level of M-CSF secreted into the tissue culture medium or body fluid sample. Methods such as ELISA, RIA, Western blot, immunohistochemical techniques, and antigen capture assays are well known in the art. For this, see, for example, Harlow and Lane mentioned above. Immunoassays can also be scaled up for high-throughput screening to examine a large number of compounds for M-CSF inhibition or activation.

  The anti-M-CSF antibodies of the invention can also be used to determine the level of M-CSF on the cell surface in tissue or tissue-derived cells. In some embodiments, such tissue is derived from diseased tissue. In some embodiments, the tissue can be a tumor or this biopsy sample. In some embodiments of the method, the tissue or the biopsy sample can be excised from the patient. The tissue or biopsy sample can then be used in an immunoassay to determine, for example, total M-CSF levels, cell surface levels of M-CSF, or localization of M-CSF in the manner described above.

Such methods include the steps of administering a detectably labeled anti-M-CSF antibody, or a composition comprising the same, to a patient in need of such a diagnostic test, and for such patients, Image analysis for determining the position of the tissue expressing M-CSF. Image analysis is well known in the medical field and includes, but is not limited to, X-ray analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CE). The antibody can be labeled with any agent suitable for in vivo imaging, for example, a contrast agent such as barium that can be used for X-ray analysis, or a magnetic contrast agent such as a gadolinium chelator that can be used for MRI or CE. Other labeling agents include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes such as ⁹⁹ Tc. In another embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is not labeled and the image is obtained by administering a secondary antibody or other molecule that is detectable and capable of binding to the anti-M-CSF antibody. In certain embodiments, a biopsy sample is obtained from a patient to determine whether the target tissue expresses M-CSF.

The anti-M-CSF antibodies of the present invention can also be used to determine the level of secretion of M-CSF in body fluids such as serum, urine, or synovial fluid from tissues. In some embodiments, the bodily fluid is derived from diseased tissue. In some embodiments, the body fluid is derived from a tumor or this biopsy sample. In some aspects of the method, bodily fluids are removed from the patient. The body fluid is then used in an immunoassay for determining secreted M-CSF levels in the manner described above. One embodiment of the present invention is to perform an assay to determine the activity of an M-CSF antagonist comprising the steps of: administering an M-CSF antagonist to a primate or human subject, and biological Measuring the number of monocytes of CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ in the sample.

In another embodiment of the therapy used , the present invention provides a method of inhibiting M-CSF activity by administering an anti-M-CSF antibody to a patient in need of treatment. Any type of antibody described herein can be used therapeutically. In preferred embodiments, the anti-M-CSF antibody is a human antibody, a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody. In another preferred embodiment, M-CSF is a human antibody and the patient is a human patient. Alternatively, the patient expressing M-CSF that cross-reacts with the anti-M-CSF antibody may be a mammal. The antibodies can be administered to non-human mammals expressing M-CSF that cross-react with antibodies (ie, primates) for veterinary purposes or as an animal model of human disease. Such an animal model may be useful for evaluating the therapeutic effect of the antibody of the present invention.

  As used herein, the term “a disorder in which M-CSF activity adversely affects” is a factor in which the presence of a high level of M-CSF in a treated subject having a disorder contributes to the pathophysiology of the disorder or the worsening of the disorder Including reported diseases and other disorders suspected of being involved in any of the above. Such disorders include, for example, increased levels of secreted M-CSF and / or M-CSF at the cell surface, or tyrosine autophosphorylation of c-fms in affected cells or tissues of the treated subject with the disorder It may be manifested by an increase in. An increase in M-CSF level can be detected, for example, using the anti-M-CSF antibody described above.

  In one embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is administered to a patient having a tumor that expresses c-fms, or that secretes M-CSF, and / or a tumor that expresses M-CSF on the cell surface. it can. Preferably, the tumor expresses higher levels of c-fms or M-CSF than normal tissue. The tumor may be a solid tumor or a non-solid tumor such as a lymphoma. In a more preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody can be administered to a patient having a tumor that expresses c-fms, a tumor that expresses M-CSF, or a tumor that secretes M-CSF that is cancerous. Tumors can also be cancerous. In an even more preferred embodiment, the tumor is lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, or colon cancer. In another preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody administered to the patient renders M-CSF incapable of binding to the c-fms receptor. In particularly preferred embodiments, the method does not increase or reduce the weight or volume of the tumor. In another embodiment, the method renders c-fms on the tumor cell surface incapable of binding to M-CSF. In another embodiment, the method prevents tumor cell surface M-CSF from binding to c-fms. In another embodiment, the method renders tumor cell secreted M-CSF incapable of binding to c-fms. In preferred embodiments, the antibody is 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7 .2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4 -Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1, or 9.14.4G1 or selected from the group consisting of heavy chain, light chain, or antigen binding thereof Includes area.

  In another preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody can be administered to a patient that expresses inappropriately high levels of M-CSF. It is well known in the art that high levels of expression of M-CSF can lead to the development of various common cancers. In one embodiment, such a method comprises brain tumor, squamous cell cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, head cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, rectal cancer, It relates to the treatment of cancers such as kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, gynecological cancer, or thyroid cancer. In accordance with the methods of the present invention, patients treatable with the compounds of the present invention include lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, head and neck cancer, melanoma in the skin or eye, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer. Cancer of the anal area, stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, gynecological cancer (eg, uterine sarcoma, fallopian tube cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, or vulvar cancer), Hodgkin's disease , Esophageal cancer, small intestine cancer, endocrine cancer (eg thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal cancer), soft tissue sarcoma, urethral cancer, penile cancer, prostate cancer, chronic or acute leukemia, solid tumor (Eg, sarcomas, carcinomas or lymphomas that are cancers of body tissues other than blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system), solid tumors in children, lymphomas, bladder cancers, cancers of kidney or ureters (eg, renal cell carcinoma, renal pelvis) Cancer), or neoplasm of the central nervous system (eg Includes primary of CNS lymphoma, tumor spinal axis, patients diagnosed with brain stem glioma or pituitary adenomas). In a more preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is administered to a patient with breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or colon cancer. In an even more preferred embodiment, such a method stops an abnormally growing cancer, does not increase weight or volume, or does not decrease weight or volume.

  The antibody can be administered once, but more preferably is administered multiple times. For example, the antibody can be administered once every 3 to 6 months or more per day. The dosage is 3 times a day, twice a day, once a day, once every 2 days, once every 3 days, once a week, once every 2 weeks, once a month, 2 times The schedule can be set once a month, once every three months, or once every six months. The antibody can also be administered continuously via a small pump. The antibody can be administered orally, mucosal, buccal, nasal, inhalable, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, parenteral, intratumoral, or by local route. The antibody can be administered to the tumor site or inflamed body, within the tumor or inflamed body, or to a site away from the tumor or inflamed body. The antibody can be administered once, at least twice, or at least for a period of time until the condition is treated, alleviated, or cured. Antibodies are usually only for the period of time the tumor is present or until the inflamed body is healed if the antibody stops the growth of the tumor or cancer, or decreases in weight or volume Be administered. The antibody is usually administered as part of the pharmaceutical composition described above. The dose of antibody is generally in the range of 0.1-100 mg / kg, more preferably 0.5-50 mg / kg, more preferably 1-20 mg / kg, and even more preferably 1-10 mg / kg. The serum concentration of the antibody can be measured by any method known in the art.

  In another aspect, the anti-M-CSF antibody may be used together with other therapeutic agents such as anti-inflammatory agents, anticoagulants, agents that lower or lower blood pressure, anti-neoplastic agents or molecules, such as cancer or tumors May be co-administered to patients with hyperproliferative disorders. In one aspect, the invention provides a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention comprising a mitotic inhibitor, an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, an intercalating agent, a growth factor inhibitor, a cell cycle inhibitor, an enzyme, Selected but not limited to the group consisting of topoisomerase inhibitors, biological response modifiers, antihormonal agents, kinase inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, genetic therapeutics, and antiandrogens The present invention relates to a method for treating a hyperproliferative disorder in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal in combination with an anticancer agent. In a more preferred embodiment, the antibody can be administered with an antineoplastic agent such as adriamycin or taxol. In another preferred embodiment, the antibody or combination therapy can be performed in conjunction with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, surgery, or other immunotherapy. In yet another preferred embodiment, the antibody is administered with another antibody. For example, anti-M-CSF antibodies may be used with antibodies or other agents known to inhibit tumor or cancer cell growth (eg, antibodies or agents that inhibit erbB2 receptor, EGF-R, CD20, or VEGF). Can be administered.

  Co-administration of antibody and other therapeutic agent (combination therapy) comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising an anti-M-CSF antibody and an additional therapeutic agent, and two or more separate pharmaceutical compositions (One containing an anti-M-CSF antibody and the other (which may be multiple agents) includes additional therapeutic agent (s)). Furthermore, co-administration or combination therapy generally means that the antibody and the additional therapeutic agent are administered at the same time, but the antibody and the additional therapeutic agent are administered at different times. Including. For example, the antibody can be administered once every three days, while the additional therapeutic agent is administered once a day. Alternatively, the antibody can be administered prior to or after treatment of the disorder with an additional therapeutic agent. Similarly, administration of anti-M-CSF antibody can be performed prior to or after treatment such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, surgery, or other immunotherapy.

  The antibody and one or more additional therapeutic agents (combination therapy) are administered once, twice, or at least until the condition is treated, alleviated, or cured be able to. Preferably, the combination therapy is performed multiple times. Combination therapy can be performed from 3 times a day to once every 6 months. The administration stage is 3 times a day, 2 times a day, 1 time a day, 1 time every 2 days, 1 time every 3 days, once a week, once every 2 weeks, once a month, 2 times It can be performed on a schedule such as once a month, once every three months, and once every six months, and can be administered continuously via a small pump. Combination therapy can be performed orally, mucosal, buccal, intranasal, inhalable, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, parenteral, intratumoral, or by local route. The combination therapy can be performed on a site away from the site of the tumor. Combination therapy is generally performed as long as the tumor of interest is present if the antibody stops the growth of the tumor or cancer or reduces weight or volume.

  In yet another embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody is a fusion protein labeled with a radiolabel, immunotoxin, or toxin, or comprising a toxin peptide. The anti-M-CSF antibody or anti-M-CSF antibody fusion protein induces a radiolabel, immunotoxin, toxin, or toxin peptide into cells that express M-CSF. In preferred embodiments, the radiolabel, immunotoxin, toxin, or toxin peptide is internalized after the anti-M-CSF antibody binds to M-CSF on the surface of the target cell.

  In another aspect, anti-M-CSF antibodies can be used to treat non-cancerous conditions where high levels of M-CSF and / or M-CSF are associated with non-cancerous conditions or diseases. In one embodiment, such a method comprises anti-M-CSF antibodies in patients with non-cancerous pathological conditions resulting from or exacerbated high levels of M-CSF and / or M-CSF levels or activity. The step of administering to. In a more preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody delays progression of a non-cancerous pathological condition. In a more preferred embodiment, the anti-M-CSF antibody at least partially arrests or reverses the non-cancerous morbidity.

Gene Therapy The nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be administered by gene therapy to patients in need of treatment. Gene therapy can be either in vivo or ex vivo. In preferred embodiments, nucleic acid molecules encoding both heavy and light chains are administered to the patient. In a more preferred embodiment, the nucleic acid molecule is administered such that the molecule is stably integrated into the B cell chromosome (since B cells are solely involved in antibody production). In preferred embodiments, B cell progenitor cells are transfected or infected ex vivo and reimplanted into a patient in need of treatment. In another embodiment, B cell progenitor cells or other cells are infected in vivo with a virus known to infect the cell type of interest. Typical vectors used for gene therapy include liposomes, plasmids, and viral vectors. Exemplary viral vectors are retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses. Following in vivo or ex vivo infection, the level of antibody expression can be sampled from the administered patient and monitored by any immunoassay methods well known in the art and described herein.

  In a preferred embodiment, the gene therapy method comprises administering an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, or an antigen binding portion thereof, as well as expressing the nucleic acid molecule. In another embodiment, the gene therapy method comprises administering an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the light chain of an anti-M-CSF antibody, or an antigen binding portion thereof, and expressing the nucleic acid molecule. In a more preferred method, the gene therapy method comprises an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain or antigen binding portion thereof, and the light chain or antigen binding portion thereof, of an anti-M-CSF antibody of the invention. Administering administered nucleic acid molecules, as well as expressing these nucleic acid molecules. Gene therapy may also include administering another anticancer agent such as taxol or adriamycin.

  In order that this invention be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

Example I
Production of Cell Lines Producing Anti-M-CSF Antibody The antibodies of the present invention were prepared, selected and assayed by the following procedure.
Immunization and hybridoma production
8-10 week old XENOMOUSE ™ mice were immunized by intraperitoneal or hind footpad injection with human M-CSF (10 μg / dose / animal). Dosing was repeated 5-7 times over 3-8 weeks. Four days before cell fusion, mice received a final injection of human M-CSF (solvent is PBS). The spleen and lymph node lymphocytes of the immunized mice were fused with the non-secretory myeloma P3-X63-Ag8.653 cell line, and HAT selection was performed on the fused cells according to the procedure described in the literature ( Galfre and Milstein, Methods Enzymol. 73: 3-46, 1981). A panel of hybridomas secreting human IgG2 and IgG4 antibodies specific for all M-CSF was collected. Antibodies were also made by XENOMAX ™ technology described in Babcook, JS et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 7843-48, 1996. Nine cell lines made to produce the antibodies of the invention were selected for later testing and were 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4, 8.10.3. And 9.7.2. These hybridomas were registered on August 8, 2003 in accordance with the conventions of the Budapest Treaty and American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110-2209. Hybridomas were given the following accession numbers.

Example II
Gene Utilization Analysis DNA encoding heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4, 8.10.3 and 9.7.2 Cloned from individual hybridoma cell lines and their DNA sequences were determined by methods known to those skilled in the art. In addition, for DNA derived from the hybridoma cell lines 9.14.4, 8.10.3, and 9.7.2, mutations may be introduced into specific framework regions of variable domains and / or by isotype conversion, for example, respectively. 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, and 9.7.2IF were obtained. Based on the nucleic acid sequence of the antibody and the deduced amino acid sequence, the content of the gene appearance frequency for each antibody chain was determined (“VBASE”). Table 2 shows the gene appearance frequency of the secretory antibody according to the present invention.

(Table 2) Gene appearance frequency of heavy chain and light chain

  Mutagenesis to specific residues of heavy and light chains was performed by designing primers and using the QuickChange Site Directed Mutagenesis kit (Stratagene) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Mutations were confirmed by automated sequencing and the insert with the mutation introduced was subcloned into an expression vector. This expression vector was introduced into HEK293 cells to produce sufficient antibody for characterization.

Example III
M-CSF mouse monocyte cell proliferation assay In vitro assay to measure M-CSF-dependent mouse monocyte cell proliferation in the presence of anti-M-CSF antibody to determine the extent of inhibition by anti-M-CSF antibody The law was implemented.

Mouse monocyte M-NFS-60 cells obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA) were treated with 2 mM L-glutamine (ATCC), 10% heat-resistant. 15 ng / ml human in RPMI-1640 medium (assay medium) containing activated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma, St. Louis MO) M-CSF was added and maintained. M-NSF-60 cells were split into 5 × 10 ⁴ cells for use the next day and 2.5 × 10 ⁴ cells for use after 2 days. Prior to use in the assay, cells were washed three times with RPMI-1640, cell counts were counted, and the volume adjusted to 2 × 10 ⁵ cells / ml with assay medium. All conditions were performed in triplicate in 96-well treated tissue culture plates (Corning, Corning, NY). Each well contains 50 μl of washed cells, either 100 pM or 1000 pM M-CSF (volume 25 μl), and acetate buffer (140 mM sodium chloride, 20 mM sodium acetate, and 0.2 mg / ml polysorbate 80 , PH 5.5), test or control antibody (volume 25 μl) dissolved at various concentrations was added (final volume 100 μl). The antibodies of the present invention were studied alone and with human M-CFS. Plates were incubated for 24 hours at 37 ° C. in an atmosphere of 5% CO ₂ .

After 24 hours, 10 μl / well of 0.5 μCi of ³ H-thymidine (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ) was added and the cells were pulsed for 3 hours. To detect the amount of thymidine incorporated, cells were collected on pre-moistened Unifilter GF / C filter plates (Packard, Meriden, CT) and washed 10 times with water. The plate was allowed to dry overnight. A bottom seal was affixed to the filter plate. Then 45 μl of Microscint 20 (Packard, Meriden, CT) was added per well. After applying the top seal, the cells on the plate were counted with a Trilux microbeta counter (Wallac, Norton, OH).

From these experiments, it can be seen that the anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention inhibits the growth of mouse monocyte cells in response to M-CSF. In addition, by using various concentrations of antibodies, the IC ₅₀ for inhibition of mouse monocytic cell proliferation, antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10. 3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, and 9.7.2 were determined (cell proliferation assay, Table 3A and Table 3B).

(Table 3A)

(Table 3B)

Example IV
Human whole blood monocyte activation assay An in vitro assay was performed to measure M-CSF-dependent monocyte shape change in the presence of anti-M-CSF antibody. The ability to inhibit sphere activation was determined and the degree of inhibition of monocyte shape change was determined.

To each well of a 96-well tissue culture plate, 6 μl of 1.7 nM anti-M-CSF antibody and 94 μl of human whole blood were mixed to a final concentration of 102 pM anti-M-CSF antibody. The plate was incubated at 37 ° C. in a CO ₂ tissue culture incubator. The plate was then removed from the incubator. 100 μl of fixative (0.5% formalin with phosphate buffered saline as solvent; no MgCl ₂ or CaCl ₂ ) was added to each well and the plate was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. For each sample, 180 μl of each well was mixed with 1 ml of erythrocyte lysis buffer. The tube was agitated with a vortex mixer for 2 seconds. Samples were then incubated in a stirred water bath at 37 ° C. for 5 minutes to lyse red blood cells, but monocytes remained intact. Immediately following this incubation, readings of the same samples were obtained on a fluorescence activated cell scanning (FACS) instrument (BD Beckman FACS) and the data were analyzed with FACS Station software (version 3.4).

From these experiments, it can be seen that the anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention inhibits monocyte shape change compared to the control sample. By monocyte shape change assay, antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, and 9.7. IC ₅₀ for 2 was determined (human whole blood monocyte activation, Tables 3A and 3B).

Example V
c-fms Receptor Binding Inhibition Assay An in vitro assay that measures the binding of M-CSF to the c-fms receptor in the presence of an anti-M-CSF antibody was performed and the anti-M-CSF antibody was And the extent of the inhibition was determined.

NIH-3T3 cells transfected with human c-fms or M-NSF-60 cells maintained in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline without magnesium or calcium were washed. NIH-3T3 cells were detached from tissue culture plates using 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 7.4. The NIH-3T3 cells were returned to the tissue culture incubator and maintained for 1 to 2 minutes, and the flask was gently tapped to loosen the cells. Transfer NIH-3T3 cells and M-NSF-60 cells to a 50 ml tube and add reaction buffer (50 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), pH 7.4). It was washed twice with 1 × RPMI without sodium bicarbonate). NIH-3T3 cells were then resuspended in reaction buffer to a final concentration of 1.5 × 10 ⁵ cells / ml. M-NSF-60 cells were resuspended in reaction buffer to a final concentration of 2.5 × 10 ⁶ cells / ml.

In this assay, 9 μl of sterile 0.4 M sucrose solution, 100 μl of ¹²⁵ IM-CSF (Amersham, IMQ7228v) (final concentration 200 pM), 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 0.2% bovine serum albumin, and 100 μl Medium RPMI-1640 containing unlabeled M-CSF (final concentration 200 nM) was mixed in a binding tube. Next, 50 μl / tube of increasing concentration of test antibody was added. In order to determine non-specific binding of antibodies, we included samples that also added 200 nM M-CSF. No antibody was added to the control tube. Next, 15,000 NIH-3T3 cells or 250,000 M-NSF-60 cells were added per tube. All tubes were incubated at room temperature for 3 hours and centrifuged (10,000 rpm, 2 minutes). The tip of the tube containing the cell pellet was cut off and the amount of M-CSF bound to the cells was determined with a Packard Cobra II gamma counter. Specific binding was determined by subtracting nonspecific binding from total binding. All assays were performed twice. The computer program Graph Pad Prism 2.01 was used for analysis of the binding data.

From these experiments, it can be seen that the anti-M-CSF antibody of the present invention inhibits the binding of M-CSF to the c-fms receptor, in contrast to the control sample. In addition, by using various concentrations of antibodies, antibodies 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3 , And 9.7.2, the IC ₅₀ for inhibition of receptor binding was determined (receptor binding inhibition assay, Table 3A and Table 3B).

Example VI
Determination of affinity constant (K _D ) of anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody by BIACORE ™ The affinity of the purified antibody was measured by surface plasmon resonance using a BIACORE ™ 3000 instrument according to the manufacturer's protocol.

For antibodies 3.8.3, 2.7.3, and 1.120.1, experiments were performed at 25 ° C using Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline with 0.0005% Tween-20 using a BIACORE ™ 3000 instrument did. The protein concentration was obtained by measuring the wavelength at 280 nm of the sample in an experiment for determining the sedimentation rate or using the theoretical extinction coefficient obtained from the amino acid sequence. In experiments measuring antibody binding to immobilized antigen, M-CSF was immobilized on a B1 chip by standard direct amine coupling. For 3.8.3, 2.7.3, and 1.120.1, antibody samples were prepared to 0.69 μM. These samples were serially diluted 3-fold to 8.5 nM or 2.8 nM in a concentration range of about 100-fold. For each concentration, the sample was injected twice for 4 minutes at a flow rate of 5 μl / min. The dissociation state was monitored over 2000 seconds. The data was globally fitted to a simple 1: 1 binding model using BIACORE ™ Biaevaluation software. In either case, k _off was obtained by this method, and the resulting data set was found to be well comparable to the data obtained from the overall fitting of the binding and dissociation data.

For antibody 252, antibody 88, and antibody 100, experiments were performed in HBS-EP buffer (0.01 M HEPES, pH 7.4, 0.15 M NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.005% surfactant P20) in BIACORE ™ Performed at 25 ° C. using 3000 equipment. In experiments measuring antibody binding to immobilized antigen, M-CSF was immobilized on a CM5 Research Grade Sensor chip by standard direct amine coupling. Antibody samples were prepared to 12.5 nM for antibody 252 and antibody 100, and 25.0 nM for antibody 88. These samples were serially diluted 2-fold to a concentration range of about 15-30 times 0.78 nM. For each concentration, samples were injected twice in a random order for 3 minutes at a flow rate of 30 μl / min. The dissociation state was monitored over 300 seconds. The resulting data was globally fitted to a simple 1: 1 binding model using BIACORE ™ Biaevaluation software. In both cases, k _off was obtained by this method. As a result, it was found that the target data set is equivalent to the data obtained from the overall fitting of the binding data and the dissociation data.

  Table 4 shows the results obtained for antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, and antibody 1.120.1.

(Table 4)

Example VII
Production of 8.10.3 antibody by 8.10.3 hybridoma cells Antibody 8.10.3 was produced in a 3 L sparged spinner. The 3 L sparger spinner flask is a glass container that mixes the culture with an impeller-controlled magnetic platform. The spinner connects to the gas pipeline and supplies 5% CO ₂ and air. Initially 8.10.3 hybridoma cells were thawed in T-25 cell culture flasks. The cells were progressively expanded to a sufficient number of cells to inoculate a sparg spinner.

  8.10.3 hybridoma cells were inoculated into hybridoma serum-free medium in two 3 L sparger spinner flasks. However, the two sparge flasks were added as shown in Table 5. Ultra-Low IgG serum (Gibco cat # 16250-078), L-glutamine (JRH Biosciences cat # 59202-500M), non-essential amino acids (Gibco cat # 11140-050), peptone (Difsco cat # 211693) ), Glucose (in-house stock prepared from JT Baker cat # 1920-07), and Anti-foam C (Sigma cat # A-8011) were added to the medium. The balance of volume in each reaction tank is a hybridoma serum-free medium.

(Table 5) Growth conditions for hybridoma 8.10.3 in two 3 L sparger spinners

  Cultures were grown for 15 days and harvested when viability was below 20%. Viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion with an automated cell counter (Cedex, Innovatis). Recovery was performed by centrifugation followed by filtration. Centrifugation at 7000 rpm for 15 minutes followed by a 10 L sterile TC-Tech bag (cat # P / N 12420 Bag Style CC-10 with a sterile 0.22 μm 4 "Opticap Millipore filter (cat # KVSCO4HB3) A clear supernatant was obtained by filtration into -112420) The filtrate was then purified by the procedure described in the examples below.

Example VIII
Purified protein A column (Amersham Pharmacia) of anti-M-CSF antibody was prepared by washing with 3 column volumes of 8 M urea followed by equilibration wash with 20 mM Tris (pH 8). 2% v / v of 1 M Tris pH 8.3 and 0.02% NaN ₃ were added to the final filtrate obtained in Example VII and then loaded onto a protein A column in gravity-drip mode. After loading was complete, the resin was washed with 5 column volumes of 20 mM Tris (pH 8) followed by 5 column volumes of elution buffer (0.1 M glycine, pH 3.0). When precipitation was observed, a 10% v / v solution of 1 M Tris pH 8.3 was added to the eluted antibody. Next, the eluted protein was dialyzed against 100 times the volume of the eluted material in a dialysis buffer (140 mM NaCl / 20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5). After dialysis, the antibody was sterile filtered through a 0.22 μm filter and stored until use.

Example IX
Approximately 5 minutes of vehicle or antibody 8.10.3 (created by the procedures of Examples VII and VIII) intravenously in one male and one female cynomolgus monkey per monkey and monocyte dose group (0 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, or 5 mg / kg, the dose volume was 3.79 mL / kg). Blood samples for laboratory analysis were collected at 24 and 72 hours after dosing and once a week for 3 weeks. The number of monocytes was determined by light scattering using a Cell Dyn system (Abbott Park, Illinois) from Abbott Diagnostics.

  At all doses, a dose-related decrease in total monocyte count (approximately 25% to 85%) (FIGS. 1A and 1B) was observed. Monocyte counts at 0.1 mg / kg and 1 mg / kg apparently recovered to control levels by week 2 and monocyte counts at 5 mg / kg continued to decline at week 3.

Analysis of CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ monocyte subsets Primate whole blood was collected into Vacutainer tubes containing sodium heparin. 0.2 ml of each blood sample was transferred to a 15 ml conical polypropylene centrifuge tube containing 10 ml of erythrocyte lysis buffer (Sigma) and incubated in a 37 ° C. water bath for 15 minutes. The tube was then centrifuged in a Sorvall RT7 centrifuge (5 minutes, 1,200 rpm). Aspirate the supernatant, resuspend the pellet in 10 ml 4 ° C FACS buffer (Hanks balanced salt solution / 2% FBS / 0.02% sodium azide) and centrifuge the tube again (5 min, 1200 rpm) . Aspirate supernatant and pellet into 80 μl FACS buffer (4 ° C.), 10 μl FITC-conjugated anti-human CD14 monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, San Diego, Calif.), 0.5 μl Cy5-PE-conjugated anti-human CD16 monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, San Diego, Calif.) And resuspended in an antibody cocktail containing 10 μl of PE-conjugated anti-human CD89 monoclonal antibody (BD Biosciences, San Diego, Calif.). After incubating the cell suspension on ice for 20 minutes, 10 ml of FACS buffer (4 ° C.) was added and the cells were centrifuged as above. The supernatant was aspirated and the cell pellet was resuspended in 400 μl FACS buffer and the cells were analyzed on a FACS Caliber flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif.). Data for 30,000 cells was obtained for each sample.

Monocyte populations were identified by combining forward angle light scattering and orthogonal light scattering. Analysis of cells within the monocyte gate was further performed for CD14 and CD16 expression. Expressing high levels of CD14, little CD16, or not at all expressed monocyte population (CD14 ⁺⁺ CD16 ^-) and express CD14 low levels, monocyte populations expressing CD16 high levels (CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ ) Observed two distinct populations of monocytes that were previously examined for human peripheral blood (Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Immunology Today 17: 424-428 (1996)) . For the individual primate individuals studied, the percentage of monocytes in the CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ subset was determined after individual blood collection on days 1, 3, 7, 14 after the injection of 8.10.3. Eyes and on day 21 were determined.

In general, administration of 8.10.3 resulted in a decrease in the percentage of CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ monocytes (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). Monkeys that did not receive 8.10.3 antibody showed relatively stable monocyte levels of CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ . CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ monocytes were determined to be “inflammatory”. This is because it produces high levels of TNF-α and other inflammatory cytokines (Frankenberger, MT, et al., Blood 87: 373-377 (1996)). It has also been reported that the differentiation of monocytes derived from the typical CD14 ⁺⁺ CD16 ^- phenotype against the pro-inflammatory phenotype is dependent on M-CSF (Saleh MN, et al., Blood 85: 2910- 2917 (1995)).

Example X
Intravenous in three male cynomolgus monkeys per monkey and monocyte dose group, vehicle (20 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, 140 mM NaCl), purified antibody 8.10.3F or purified antibody 9.14.4I (0 mg / k, 1 mg / k, or 5 mg / kg, and the administration volume was 3.79 mL / kg for about 5 minutes). The monkeys were 6-9 kg individuals aged 4-9 years. Blood samples for laboratory analysis were collected on days 2, 4, 8, 15, 23, and 29. The number of monocytes was determined by light scattering using a Cell Dyn system (Abbott Park, Illinois) from Abbott Diagnostics.

  There was a decrease in the percentage change in total monocytes at all doses of antibody 8.10.3F and antibody 9.14.4I when compared to pre-test level monocytes (FIGS. 3A and 3B) (eg, FIG. 3A and FIG. 3). (See 3B Day 4, Day 8, Day 15, and Day 23).

  All publications and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if individual publications or patent applications were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. It is done. Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of example for purposes of illustration and understanding, certain changes and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art in light of the description of the invention. It will be readily appreciated that it may be added without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

SEQ ID NO:2
252の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:3
252の軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:4
252の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:5
88の重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:6
88の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:7
88の軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:8
88の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:9
100の重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:10
100の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:11
100の軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:12
100の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:14
3.8.3の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:16
3.8.3の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:18
2.7.3の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:20
2.7.3の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:22
1.120.1の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:24
1.120.1の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:25
9.14.4Iの重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:26
9.14.4Iの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:27
9.14.4、9.14.4I、9.14.4-Ser、および9.14.4-G1の軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:28
9.14.4、9.14.4I、9.14.4-Ser、および9.14.4-G1の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:37
9.14.4の重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:38
9.14.4の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:54
9.14.4C-Serの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:56
9.14.4C-Ser、9.14.4-CG2、および9.14.4-CG4の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:74
9.14.4-CG2の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:78
9.14.4-CG4の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:82
9.14.4-Serの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:101
9.14.4G1の重鎖（γ鎖）ヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:102
9.14.4G1の重鎖（γ鎖）タンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:29
8.10.3および8.10.3Fの重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:30
8.10.3および8.10.3Fの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:31
8.10.3FG1および8.10.3Fの軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:32
8.10.3FG1および8.10.3Fの軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:43
8.10.3および8.10.3-Serの軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:44
8.10.3および8.10.3-Serの軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:58
8.10.3C-Serの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:60
8.10.3-CG2、8.10.3-CG4、および8.10.3C-Serの軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:62
8.10.3-CG2の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:90
8.10.3-Serの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:94
8.10.3-CG4の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:97
8.10.3FG1の重鎖のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:98
8.10.3FG1の重鎖（γ鎖）のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:33
9.7.2IFの重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:34
9.7.2IFの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:35
9.7.2IFの軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:36
9.7.2IFの軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:45
9.7.2の重鎖［γ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:46
9.7.2の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:47
9.7.2および9.7.2-Serの軽鎖［κ鎖］のヌクレオチド配列

SEQ ID NO:48
9.7.2および9.7.2-Serの軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:50
9.7.2C-Serの重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:52
9.7.2C-Ser、9.7.2-CG2、および9.7.2-CG4の軽鎖［κ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:66
9.7.2-CG2の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:70
9.7.2-CG4の重鎖［γ鎖］のタンパク質配列

SEQ ID NO:86

Array key:
Signal peptide: lowercase underlined
CDRs 1, 2, and 3: Underlined uppercase variable domains: Uppercase constant domains: Lowercase germline mutations: Bold
SEQ ID NO: 1
Nucleotide sequence of 252 heavy chains [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 2
Protein sequence of 252 heavy chains [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 3
Nucleotide sequence of 252 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 4
Protein sequence of 252 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 5
Nucleotide sequence of 88 heavy chains [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 6
88 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequences

SEQ ID NO: 7
Nucleotide sequence of 88 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 8
Protein sequence of 88 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 9
Nucleotide sequence of 100 heavy chains [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 10
Protein sequence of 100 heavy chains [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 11
Nucleotide sequence of 100 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 12
Protein sequence of 100 light chains [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 14
3.8.3 Heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 16
3.8.3 Light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 18
2.7.3 Protein sequence of heavy chain [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 20
2.7.3 Light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 22
1.120.1 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 24
1.120.1 light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 25
9.14.4 Nucleotide sequence of heavy chain [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 26
9.14.4I heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 27
9.14.4, 9.14.4I, 9.14.4-Ser, and 9.14.4-G1 light chain [κ chain] nucleotide sequence

SEQ ID NO: 28
9.14.4, 9.14.4I, 9.14.4-Ser, and 9.14.4-G1 light chain [κ chain] protein sequences

SEQ ID NO: 37
Nucleotide sequence of 9.14.4 heavy chain [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 38
9.14.4 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 54
9.14.4 Protein sequence of heavy chain [γ chain] of C-Ser

SEQ ID NO: 56
9.14.4C-Ser, 9.14.4-CG2, and 9.14.4-CG4 light chain [κ chain] protein sequences

SEQ ID NO: 74
9.14.4-CG2 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 78
9.14.4-CG4 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 82
9.14.4-Ser heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 101
9.14.4 G1 heavy chain (γ chain) nucleotide sequence

SEQ ID NO: 102
9.14.4 G1 heavy chain (γ chain) protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 29
The nucleotide sequence of the heavy chain [γ chain] of 8.10.3 and 8.10.3F

SEQ ID NO: 30
8.10.3 and 8.10.3F heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 31
The nucleotide sequence of the light chain [κ chain] of 8.10.3FG1 and 8.10.3F

SEQ ID NO: 32
8.10.3FG1 and 8.10.3F light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 43
The nucleotide sequence of the light chain [κ chain] of 8.10.3 and 8.10.3-Ser

SEQ ID NO: 44
8.10.3 and 8.10.3-Ser light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 58
8.10.3 Protein sequence of heavy chain [γ chain] of C-Ser

SEQ ID NO: 60
8.10.3-CG2, 8.10.3-CG4, and 8.10.3C-Ser light chain [κ chain] protein sequences

SEQ ID NO: 62
8.10.3-CG2 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 90
8.10.3-Ser heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 94
8.10.3-CG4 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 97
8.10.3 FG1 heavy chain nucleotide sequence

SEQ ID NO: 98
8.10.3 Protein sequence of FG1 heavy chain (γ chain)

SEQ ID NO: 33
9.7.2 IF heavy chain [γ chain] nucleotide sequence

SEQ ID NO: 34
9.7.2 IF heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 35
9.7.2 Nucleotide sequence of IF light chain [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 36
9.7.2 IF light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 45
Nucleotide sequence of 9.7.2 heavy chain [γ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 46
9.7.2 Heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 47
Nucleotide sequence of 9.7.2 and 9.7.2-Ser light chain [κ chain]

SEQ ID NO: 48
9.7.2 and 9.7.2-Ser light chain [κ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 50
9.7.2 Protein sequence of heavy chain [γ chain] of C-Ser

SEQ ID NO: 52
9.7.2 C-Ser, 9.7.2-CG2, and 9.7.2-CG4 light chain [κ chain] protein sequences

SEQ ID NO: 66
9.7.2-CG2 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 70
9.7.2-CG4 heavy chain [γ chain] protein sequence

SEQ ID NO: 86

2 shows a graph showing that anti-M-CSF antibody causes a dose-related decrease in total monocyte count in male and female monkeys. The number of monocytes was determined by light scattering using a Cell Dyn system from Abbott Diagnostics. Monocyte count is 24 hours to 3 weeks after administration of vehicle or antibody 8.10.3 (0 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, or 5 mg / kg; dose volume 3.79 mL / kg) During this period, monitoring was performed over about 5 minutes. FIG. 1A shows the results obtained for male monkeys and FIG. 1B shows the results obtained for female monkeys. ² shows a graph showing that administration of anti-M-CSF leads to a decrease in the percentage of CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ monocytes in male and female monkeys. About 5 minutes after 0-21 days after administration of vehicle or antibody 8.10.3 (0 mg / kg, 0.1 mg / kg, 1 mg / kg, or 5 mg / kg; dose volume 3.79 mL / kg) Carried out. For each individual studied, the percentage of monocytes in the CD14 ⁺ CD16 ⁺ subset at the time of each blood draw, day 1, day 3, day 7, day 14 and day 21 after injection of 8.10.3 Decided on the eyes. FIG. 2A shows the results obtained for male monkeys and FIG. 2B shows the results obtained for female monkeys. Figure 2 shows a graph showing that administration of anti-M-CSF results in a decrease in the percentage change in total monocytes at all doses of antibody 8.10.3F and antibody 9.14.4I compared to monocyte pre-test levels. FIG. 3A shows data obtained in an experiment using antibody 8.10.3F, and FIG. 3B shows data obtained in an experiment using antibody 9.14.4I. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the light chain and heavy chain variable regions derived from the 26 types of anti-M-CSF antibodies with the germline amino acid sequences of the corresponding variable region genes is shown. Differences between antibody sequences and germline gene sequences are shown in bold. A dash means no change with the germline. The underlined sequences in each alignment mean the FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4 sequences from left to right. Figure 4A, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 4 residues 21-127 ). Figure 4B, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 88 (SEQ ID NO: 8 residues 21 to 127 ). Figure 4C, _V κ L2, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 107), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 100 (SEQ ID NO: 12 residues 21 to 127 ). FIG. 4D shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region of antibody 3.8.3 (residue 23 of SEQ ID NO: 16) versus the germline V _κ L5, J _κ3 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 109). -130). FIG. 4E shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the light chain variable region of antibody 2.7.3 (residue 23 of SEQ ID NO: 20) versus the germline V _κ L5, J _κ4 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 117). -130). Figure 4F, _V κ B3, J κ 1 of germline sequence: for (SEQ ID NO 112), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 24 residues 21 To 134). FIG. 4G shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 252 (SEQ ID NO: 106) relative to the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27 J _H 6 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 106). 2 shows an alignment of residues 20-136). FIG. 4H shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 88 (SEQ ID NO :) versus the germline V _H 3-7, D _H 6-13, J _H 4 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 105). : 6 shows the alignment of residues 20-138). FIG. 4I shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 100 (SEQ ID NO: 100) versus the germline V _H 3-23, D _H 1-26, J _H 4 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 104). : Residues 20-141) are aligned. FIG. 4J shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region of antibody 3.8.3 (SEQ ID NO: 108) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4 sequence (SEQ ID NO: 108). The alignment of ID NO: 14 residues 20-135) is shown. FIG. 4K shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 2.7.3 (SEQ ID NO: 110) versus the germline V _H 3-33, D _H 1-26, J _H 4 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 110). The alignment of ID NO: 18 residues 20-137) is shown. FIG. 4L shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 1.120.1 (SEQ ID NO: 111) versus the germline V _H 1-18, D _H 4-23, J _H 4 sequences (SEQ ID NO: 111). The alignment of residues 20-139) of ID NO: 22 is shown. Figure 4M is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 44 residues 21 -129) shows the alignment. FIG. 4N shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3 (SEQ ID NO: 113) versus the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of residues 20-141) of ID NO: 30 is shown. FIG. 4O, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 28 residues 23 -130). FIG. 4P shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4 (SEQ ID NO: 116) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of ID NO: 38 residues 20-135) is shown. Figure 4Q is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 48 residues 23 -130). FIG. 4R shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2 (SEQ ID NO: 115) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of residues 20-136) of ID NO: 46 is shown. FIG 4S is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 28 residues 23 -130). FIG. 4T shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4I (SEQ ID NO: 116) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of ID NO: 26 residues 20-135) is shown. Figure 4U is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 8.10.3F (SEQ ID NO: 32 residues 21 -129) shows the alignment. FIG. 4V shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3F (SEQ ID NO: 113) versus the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of residues 20-141) of ID NO: 30 is shown. Figure 4W is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO: 36 residues 23 -130). FIG. 4X shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2IF (SEQ ID NO: 115) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of ID NO: 34 residues 20-136) is shown. Figure 4Y is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), antibody 9.7.2C-Ser light chain deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of (SEQ ID NO: 52 of the remaining The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. FIG. 4Z shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2C-Ser versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of (residues 20-136 of SEQ ID NO: 50) is shown. Figure 4AA is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 9.14.4C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 56 residues of The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4BB shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4C-Ser against the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of (residues 20-135 of SEQ ID NO: 54) is shown. Figure 4CC is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 8.10.3C-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 60 of the remaining The alignment of groups 21-129) is shown. FIG. 4DD shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3C-Ser relative to the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of (residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO: 58) is shown. Figure 4EE is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 8.10.3-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 60 of the remaining The alignment of groups 21-129) is shown. FIG. 4FF shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3-CG2 against the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of (residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO: 62) is shown. Figure 4GG is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), antibody 9.7.2-CG2 of the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain (SEQ ID NO: 52 of the remaining The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. FIG. 4HH shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2-CG2 versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of (residues 20-136 of SEQ ID NO: 66) is shown. Fig 4II is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), antibody 9.7.2-CG4 the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain (SEQ ID NO: 52 of the remaining The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4JJ shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2-CG4 versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of (residues 20-135 of SEQ ID NO: 70) is shown. FIG 4KK is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 9.14.4-CG2 (SEQ ID NO: 56 residues of The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4LL shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4-CG2 versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of (residues 20-135 of SEQ ID NO: 74) is shown. Figure 4MM is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 9.14.4-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 56 residues of The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4NN shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4-CG4 versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of (residues 20-135 of SEQ ID NO: 78) is shown. FIG 4OO is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 9.14.4-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 28 residues of The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4PP shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4-Ser versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of (residues 20-135 of SEQ ID NO: 82) is shown. FIG 4QQ is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), antibody 9.7.2-Ser light chain variable regions of the deduced amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 48 of the remaining The alignment of groups 23-130) is shown. Figure 4RR shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.7.2-Ser versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 6-13, J _H 6b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 115). The alignment of (SEQ ID NO: 86 residues 20-136) is shown. Figure 4SS is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), antibody 8.10.3-Ser light chain deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of (SEQ ID NO: 44 residues of The alignment of groups 21-129) is shown. FIG. 4TT shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3-Ser relative to the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of (residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO: 90) is shown. Figure 4UU is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of antibody 8.10.3-CG4 (SEQ ID NO: 60 of the remaining The alignment of groups 21-129) is shown. FIG. 4VV shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3-CG4 versus the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequences (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of (residues 20-141 of SEQ ID NO: 94) is shown. FIG 4WW is, _V κ O12, J κ 3 sequences of germline: for (SEQ ID NO 103), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: 28 residues 23 -130). FIG. 4XX shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 9.14.4G1 (SEQ ID NO: 116) versus the germline V _H 3-11, D _H 7-27, J _H 4b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 116). The alignment of ID NO: 102 residues 20-135) is shown. FIG 4YY is, _V κ A27, J κ 4 of germline sequences: for (SEQ ID NO 114), the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the light chain of the antibody 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO: 32 residues 21 -129) shows the alignment. FIG. 4ZZ shows the deduced amino acid sequence of the variable region of the heavy chain of antibody 8.10.3FG1 (SEQ ID NO: 113) versus the germline V _H 3-48, D _H 1-26, J _H 4b sequence (SEQ ID NO: 113). The alignment of ID NO: 98 residues 20-141) is shown.

Claims (34)

  A human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, or an antigen-binding portion thereof. The human monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion of claim 1, having at least one of the following properties:
(A) binding to human secreted isotype M-CSF and membrane-bound isotype M-CSF;
(B) have a selectivity for M-CSF that is at least 100 times greater than the selectivity for GM-CSF or G-CSF;
(C) bind to M-CSF with a K _D of 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ M or less;
(D) have a dissociation constant (k _off ) for M-CSF of 2.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ s ⁻¹ or less; or (e) bind to human M-CSF in the presence of human c-fms. . 3. The human monoclonal antibody or portion of claim 2, wherein the antibody or fragment blocks binding to c-fms and binds to M-CSF with a K _D of 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁷ M or less.   Human monoclonal antibody 8.10.3F that specifically binds to M-CSF or an antigen-binding portion thereof.   Human monoclonal antibody 9.14.4I that specifically binds to M-CSF or an antigen-binding portion thereof. A humanized antibody, chimeric antibody, or human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to and inhibits human M-CSF having at least one property selected from the group consisting of: or an antigen-binding portion thereof:
(A) Regarding binding to M-CSF, antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14.4, antibody 8.10.3, antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2 antibody, 9.7.2-CG2 antibody, 9.7 .2-CG4 antibody, 9.14.4-CG2 antibody, 9.14.4-CG4 antibody, 9.14.4-Ser antibody, 9.7.2-Ser antibody, 8.10.3-Ser antibody, 8.10.3-CG4 antibody, 8.10. Cross-competing with an antibody selected from the group consisting of 3FG1 antibody and 9.14.4G1 antibody;
(B) Concerning binding to M-CSF, 252, 88, 100, 3.8.3, 2.7.3, 1.120.1, 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7. 2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7.2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, Competing with an antibody selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1 and 9.14.4G1;
(C) Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10. 3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and antibody 9.14. Binding to the same epitope of M-CSF as an antibody selected from the group consisting of 4G1;
(D) Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10. 3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and antibody 9.14. it binds to M-CSF antibody and substantially the same K _D is selected from the group consisting of 4G1; and (e) an antibody 252, antibody 88, an antibody 100, an antibody 3.8.3,2.7.3,1.120.1 9.14.4I, 8.10.3F, 9.7.2IF, 9.14.4, 8.10.3, 9.7.2, 9.7.2C-Ser, 9.14.4C-Ser, 8.10.3C-Ser, 8.10.3-CG2, 9.7 .2-CG2, 9.7.2-CG4, 9.14.4-CG2, 9.14.4-CG4, 9.14.4-Ser, 9.7.2-Ser, 8.10.3-Ser, 8.10.3-CG4, 8.10.3FG1 And binds to M-CSF with substantially the same dissociation rate as an antibody selected from the group consisting of 9.14.4G1. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, selected from the group consisting of:
(A) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 without a signal sequence;
(B) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 8 without a signal sequence;
(C) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, without the signal sequence;
(D) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16 without a signal sequence;
(E) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20 without a signal sequence;
(F) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 without the signal sequence;
(G) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 26 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 without a signal sequence;
(H) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 38 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 without a signal sequence;
(I) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 54 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56 without the signal sequence;
(J) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 74 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56 without a signal sequence;
(K) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 78 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 56 without the signal sequence;
(L) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 82 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 without a signal sequence;
(M) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 102 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28 without a signal sequence;
(N) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32 without a signal sequence;
(O) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44 without a signal sequence;
(P) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 58 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60, which does not include a signal sequence;
(Q) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 62 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60 without a signal sequence;
(R) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 90 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 44, which does not include a signal sequence;
(S) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 94 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 60 without a signal sequence;
(T) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 98 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 32 without the signal sequence;
(U) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 34 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36 without a signal sequence;
(V) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 46 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48 without a signal sequence;
(W) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 50 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52, which does not include a signal sequence;
(X) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 66 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52, which does not include a signal sequence;
(Y) an antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 70, and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 52, without the signal sequence; and (z) the signal sequence An antibody comprising the heavy chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 86 and the light chain amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48. The human monoclonal antibody of claim 1, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising:
(A) Monoclonal antibody 252, monoclonal antibody 88, monoclonal antibody 100, monoclonal antibody 3.8.3, monoclonal antibody 2.7.3, monoclonal antibody 1.120.1, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4I, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3F, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2IF , Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-CG2 , Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG4, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG2, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG4, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-Ser, monoclonal From antibody 8.10.3-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-CG4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3FG1, and monoclonal antibody 9.14.4G1 CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of a heavy chain independently selected from the heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group; or (b) monoclonal antibody 252, monoclonal antibody 88, monoclonal antibody 100, monoclonal antibody 3.8.3, monoclonal antibody 2.7.3, monoclonal antibody 1.120.1, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4I, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3F, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2IF, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2, monoclonal antibody 9.7. 2C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-CG2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG4, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4- CG2, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG4, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-Ser, monoc Naru antibody 8.10.3-CG4, monoclonal antibodies 8.10.3FG1, and monoclonal antibodies 9.14.4G1 from consisting of an antibody selected from the group of the light chain are independently selected from the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, or an antigen-binding portion thereof:
(A) Heavy chain is antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14.4 , Antibody 8.10.3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2 -CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, And CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of antibody 9.14.4G1;
(B) the light chain is antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14.4 , Antibody 8.10.3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2 -CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, And CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of antibody 9.14.4G1;
(C) the antibody comprises (a) the heavy chain and (b) the light chain; or (d) the heavy and light chain CDR amino acid sequences are selected from the same antibody; antibody. A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, wherein the antibody comprises:
(A) Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10. 3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and 9.14.4G1 A heavy chain comprising an amino acid sequence from the start site of CDR1 to the end of CDR3 of an antibody heavy chain selected from the group consisting of:
(B) Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10. 3, Antibody 9.7.2, Antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, Antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and antibody 9.14. A light chain comprising an amino acid sequence from the start of CDR1 to the end of CDR3 of an antibody selected from the group consisting of 4G1;
(C) the heavy chain of (a) and (b) the light chain; or (d) the amino acid sequence of (a) the heavy chain and (b) the light chain selected from the same antibody. 11. The monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion of claim 10, comprising:
(A) No signal sequence, antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14 .4, antibody 8.10.3, antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7 .2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10. The amino acid sequence of the variable domain (V _H ) of the heavy chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of 3FG1, and antibody 9.14.4G1;
(B) Without signal sequence, antibody 252, antibody 88, antibody 100, antibody 3.8.3, antibody 2.7.3, antibody 1.120.1, antibody 9.14.4I, antibody 8.10.3F, antibody 9.7.2IF, antibody 9.14 .4, antibody 8.10.3, antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7 .2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10. 3FG1, and the amino acid sequence of the variable domain (V _L ) of the light chain of an antibody selected from the group consisting of antibody 9.14.4G1;
(C) the amino acid sequence of _VH of (a), and (b) the amino acid sequence of _VL ; or (d) the amino acid sequence of _VH of (a), wherein _VH and _VL are derived from the same antibody, And (b) V _L amino acid sequence. A polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
(A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, without a signal sequence;
(B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 without a signal sequence;
(C) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 without the signal sequence;
(D) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14 without the signal sequence;
(E) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18, comprising no signal sequence;
(F) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, comprising no signal sequence;
(G) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26 without the signal sequence;
(H) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30 without the signal sequence;
(I) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, not containing a signal sequence;
(J) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, comprising no signal sequence;
(K) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, without the signal sequence;
(L) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50, not including a signal sequence;
(M) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54 without the signal sequence;
(N) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58, comprising no signal sequence;
(O) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, comprising no signal sequence;
(P) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 66 without a signal sequence;
(Q) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, comprising no signal sequence;
(R) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 74 without the signal sequence;
(S) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, not containing a signal sequence;
(T) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82, comprising no signal sequence;
(U) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 86, comprising no signal sequence;
(V) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 90 without the signal sequence;
(W) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94 without a signal sequence;
(X) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 98 without the signal sequence; and (y) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 102 without the signal sequence.   13. The polypeptide of claim 12, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, not including a signal sequence.   13. The polypeptide of claim 12, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, not including a signal sequence. A polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
(A) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 without a signal sequence;
(B) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 without a signal sequence;
(C) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12 without the signal sequence;
(D) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 without the signal sequence;
(E) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, comprising no signal sequence;
(F) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24, comprising no signal sequence;
(G) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, not including a signal sequence;
(H) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, not including a signal sequence;
(I) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, comprising no signal sequence;
(J) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44 without a signal sequence;
(K) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, comprising no signal sequence;
(L) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52 without the signal sequence;
(M) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 without the signal sequence; and (n) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60 without the signal sequence.   16. The polypeptide of claim 15, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, without the signal sequence.   16. The polypeptide of claim 15, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, not including a signal sequence.   Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10.3, Antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4 -CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and antibody 9.14.4G1 A monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, comprising one or more of the amino acid sequences of FR1, FR2, FR3, or F4 of an antibody selected from the group. The human monoclonal antibody of claim 1, comprising:
(A) Monoclonal antibody 252, monoclonal antibody 88, monoclonal antibody 100, monoclonal antibody 3.8.3, monoclonal antibody 2.7.3, monoclonal antibody 1.120.1, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4I, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3F without signal sequence , Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2IF, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, monoclonal Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG4, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-Ser, Monoclonal antibody 9.7 .2-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-CG4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3FG1, or The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain and at least 90% amino acid sequence identical heavy chains of clonal antibody 9.14.4G1;
(B) No signal sequence, monoclonal antibody 252, monoclonal antibody 88, monoclonal antibody 100, monoclonal antibody 3.8.3, monoclonal antibody 2.7.3, monoclonal antibody 1.120.1, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4I, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3F , Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2IF, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2, monoclonal antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, monoclonal Antibody 8.10.3-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.7.2-CG4, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG2, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-CG4, Monoclonal antibody 9.14.4-Ser, Monoclonal antibody 9.7 .2-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-Ser, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3-CG4, monoclonal antibody 8.10.3FG1, or At least 90% amino acid sequence identical light chains and the amino acid sequence of the light chain of clonal antibody 9.14.4G1; or (c) a heavy chain amino acid sequence of (a), and amino acid sequences of the light chain of (b).   20. The monoclonal antibody or antigen-binding portion according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein there is no lysine at the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody or antigen-binding portion.   21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding portion of any one of claims 1-20 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.   The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the antibody is a monoclonal anti-M-CSF antibody 9.14.4I or 8.10.3F.   In a subject in need of treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or an antibody or antibody portion thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein M-CSF is inhibited. 23. Arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, traumatic arthritis, rubella in subjects including humans, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition according to any one of 22 Osteoarthritis and acute synovitis and other arthritic conditions, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxin shock, Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, toxin shock syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, neurotrauma, asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, Cerebral malaria, chronic pneumonia, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, bone resorption disease, osteoporosis, restenosis, heart and kidney reperfusion injury, thrombosis, glomerulonephritis, diabetes, translocation Selected from the group consisting of unpaired host reaction, allograft rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, muscle degeneration, eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, and conjunctivitis shock To treat the condition.   24. The method of claim 23, wherein the condition is rheumatoid arthritis.   25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, wherein the antibody used is monoclonal anti-M-CSF antibody 8.10.3F or 9.14.4I.   The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or the pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 21 to 22, which inhibits the binding of M-CSF to c-fms. A method of treating a solid tumor, such as a sarcoma, cancer, or lymphoma, in a subject, including a human, comprising administering to the subject.   21. An isolated cell line that produces the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 20, or the heavy or light chain of the antibody or antigen-binding portion.   Antibody 252, Antibody 88, Antibody 100, Antibody 3.8.3, Antibody 2.7.3, Antibody 1.120.1, Antibody 9.14.4I, Antibody 8.10.3F, Antibody 9.7.2IF, Antibody 9.14.4, Antibody 8.10.3, Antibody 9.7.2, antibody 9.7.2C-Ser, antibody 9.14.4C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3C-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG2, antibody 9.7.2-CG4, antibody 9.14.4 -CG2, antibody 9.14.4-CG4, antibody 9.14.4-Ser, antibody 9.7.2-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-Ser, antibody 8.10.3-CG4, antibody 8.10.3FG1, and antibody 9.14.4G1 28. The cell line of claim 27, wherein said cell line produces an antibody selected from the group, as well as an antibody having the same amino acid sequence as one of said antibodies.   21. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a heavy chain of an antibody according to any one of claims 1-20 or an antigen-binding portion thereof, or a nucleotide sequence encoding a light chain or an antigen-binding portion thereof.   30. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 29, optionally comprising an expression control sequence operably linked to the nucleic acid molecule.   30. A host cell comprising the vector of claim 30 or the nucleic acid molecule of claim 29.   32. A host cell according to claim 31 comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding the heavy chain of an antibody or antigen-binding portion according to any one of claims 1 to 20 and a nucleic acid molecule encoding a light chain.   An anti-M-CSF antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof comprising the steps of culturing the host cell of claim 32 or the cell line of claim 28 under appropriate conditions and recovering the antibody or antigen-binding portion. how to. A method for producing a human monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to M-CSF, comprising the following steps:
(A) immunizing a non-human transgenic animal capable of producing human antibodies with M-CSF, an immunogenic portion of M-CSF, or a cell or tissue expressing M-CSF;
(B) allowing the transgenic animal to elicit an immune response against M-CSF; and (c) isolating B lymphocytes from the transgenic animal.

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