JP2007520573A - Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Emulsion fuel and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010747 number 6 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000008585 Pinus thunbergii Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000218686 Pinus thunbergii Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001131796 Botaurus stellaris Species 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
本発明によるエマルジョン燃料は、バンカーＣ油や石油のような重油５５〜９０重量％と水４５〜１０重量％とを混合し、前記混合物に０．３〜０．８重量％の触媒を加えてエマルジョン化することにより製造される。前記触媒は苛性ソーダと塩化カルシウムとの体積比を１：１に混合した混合物であり、前記塩化カルシウムの一部の代わりに硫酸カルシウムが用いられる場合もある。
【選択図】なしThe emulsion fuel according to the present invention is a mixture of 55 to 90% by weight of heavy oil such as bunker C oil or petroleum and 45 to 10% by weight of water, and 0.3 to 0.8% by weight of catalyst is added to the mixture. It is manufactured by emulsification. The catalyst is a mixture in which a volume ratio of caustic soda and calcium chloride is mixed at 1: 1, and calcium sulfate may be used in place of a part of the calcium chloride.
[Selection figure] None
Description
本発明は、バンカーＣ油や石油のような一般重油に水を添加して製造されるエマルジョン燃料に関し、詳しくは、一般重油に水を添加した後、これに触媒を加えてエマルジョン化（乳化）することにより、代替エネルギー燃料として使用することができるエマルジョン燃料に関する。本発明は、また前記エマルジョン燃料を製造する方法に関することも含む。 The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel produced by adding water to general heavy oil such as bunker C oil or petroleum. Specifically, after adding water to general heavy oil, a catalyst is added to this to emulsify (emulsify). The present invention relates to an emulsion fuel that can be used as an alternative energy fuel. The present invention also includes a method for producing the emulsion fuel.
全世界的にエネルギー節約及び公害問題に対する燃料政策の一環として、燃料の硫黄含量を減少させる低硫黄油の普及と、固体燃料から液体または気体燃料への転換に対する研究開発とが活発に進められている。特に、石油燃料による大気汚染は生態系への被害という既存の観点から、ＷＴＯ体制出帆とＯＥＣＤ及びグリーンラウンド（ＧＲ）という新しい貿易障壁により、代替エネルギー及び無公害燃料の研究開発に努めているが、適当な代替燃料の開発はまだ充分ではない実情である。 As part of fuel policy for energy conservation and pollution problems worldwide, the spread of low sulfur oil that reduces the sulfur content of fuel and research and development for the conversion from solid fuel to liquid or gaseous fuel are actively promoted. Yes. In particular, air pollution caused by petroleum fuels has been endeavoring to research and develop alternative energy and non-polluting fuels by launching the WTO system and new trade barriers such as OECD and Green Round (GR) from the existing viewpoint of damage to ecosystems. However, the development of a suitable alternative fuel is still not enough.
燃料油に水を添加したエマルジョン燃料に対する研究は１９５０年代から欧州で始まり、ボイラーや加熱炉等に使用して重質燃料の燃焼効率を高めるとともに燃料節約と燃焼性を改善する実験が行われた。最近は米国と日本でエマルジョン燃料に対する研究が活発に進められている。 Research on emulsion fuel with water added to fuel oil began in Europe in the 1950s, and was used in boilers, furnaces, etc. to increase the combustion efficiency of heavy fuels and to improve fuel economy and combustibility. . Recently, research on emulsion fuel has been actively conducted in the United States and Japan.
第二次世界対戦の際には、航空機用ガソリンに水を添加してエンジンの出力を高めるに使用したし、エマルジョン燃料に対する研究と実験を通じて燃料節減と煤煙減少及び燃焼効率増加との結果が得られた。また、米国エネルギー省（Ｄ．Ｏ．Ｅ）はこれを主要研究課題として採択したし、これによって大気汚染防止とエネルギー節約に寄与することができるという研究報告を出した。 During World War II, water was added to aircraft gasoline to increase engine power, and research and experiments on emulsion fuels resulted in fuel savings, smoke reduction and combustion efficiency increases. It was. In addition, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has adopted this as a major research topic and has published a research report that it can contribute to air pollution prevention and energy saving.
本発明の目的は、燃料用及び冷暖房産業用ボイラーと加熱炉等で用いられている一般燃料油（重油）に水を添加してエマルジョン化することにより、燃料節約のみならず産業分野のエネルギー節減と公害防止にも非常に効率的な新しいエマルジョン燃料を提供することにある。 The object of the present invention is not only to save fuel but also to save energy in the industrial field by emulsifying water by adding water to general fuel oil (heavy oil) used in boilers and heating furnaces for fuel and air conditioning industries. It is to provide a new emulsion fuel that is very efficient in preventing pollution.
本発明の他の目的は、バンカーＣ油のような重油中に含有されているスラッジを微細に分解させると共に、添加された水の超微粒子化によりエマルジョン化された燃料油をバーナーで燃焼し、前記の水が水素ガス反応と微細爆発反応を通じて完全燃焼を促進させることにより、公害防止と燃料節約等の経済的利益が得られるエマルジョン燃料を提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to finely decompose sludge contained in heavy oil such as bunker C oil, and to burn the fuel oil emulsified by ultrafine particle addition of water with a burner, It is an object of the present invention to provide an emulsion fuel in which economic benefits such as pollution prevention and fuel saving can be obtained by promoting complete combustion through hydrogen gas reaction and fine explosion reaction.
本発明のさらに他の目的は、煤煙、粉塵、一酸化炭素、炭化水素などの発生を防止し、過剰の空気比率を減少させることにより、ＳＯ２のＳＯ３への転換率を低下させ、燃焼火炎の白熱化と輻射熱の増加を図って、公害防止及び燃料節約に寄与することができるエマルジョン燃料を提供することにある。 Still another object of the present invention is to prevent the generation of smoke, dust, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, etc., and reduce the excess air ratio, thereby reducing the conversion rate of SO 2 to SO 3 , and combustion. An object of the present invention is to provide an emulsion fuel capable of contributing to pollution prevention and fuel saving by increasing the incandescence of the flame and increasing the radiant heat.
本発明のさらに他の目的は、前記エマルジョン燃料を製造するための方法を提供することにある。 Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the emulsion fuel.
本発明の上記及びその他の目的は、下記で説明される本発明によって全て達成できる。 The above and other objects of the present invention can all be achieved by the present invention described below.
本発明に関わるエマルジョン燃料は、バンカーＣ油や石油のような重油５５−９０重量％と水４５−１０重量％とを混合し、前記混合物に０．３−０．８重量％の触媒を加えてエマルジョン化することにより製造される。前記触媒は苛性ソーダと塩化カルシウムとを１：１の体積比で混合した混合物であり、前記塩化カルシウムの一部の代わりに硫酸カルシウムが用いられる場合もある。 The emulsion fuel according to the present invention is a mixture of 55-90% by weight of heavy oil such as bunker C oil or petroleum and 45-10% by weight of water, and 0.3-0.8% by weight of catalyst is added to the mixture. And then emulsified. The catalyst is a mixture of caustic soda and calcium chloride mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1, and calcium sulfate may be used in place of a part of the calcium chloride.
発明の詳細な説明
本発明に関わるエマルジョン燃料の技術に関する発想は、過去韓国の農村で冬の燃料として用いられてきた青松葉から始まったと言える。青松葉は約９０％の水分と１０％の松油及び他の燃焼有機物とからなる。青松葉は燃焼に際して非常に活性的に燃焼され、さらに熱効率も非常に高くてオンドルの暖房に適合な燃料として用いられてきた。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION It can be said that the idea about the emulsion fuel technology related to the present invention originated from Aomatsuba, which has been used as a winter fuel in the past in rural Korea. Green pine leaves consist of about 90% moisture and 10% pine oil and other burning organics. Aomatsuba is burned very actively upon combustion, and also has a very high thermal efficiency, and has been used as a fuel suitable for ondol heating.
前記のように自然物の松油１０％と水分９０％とからなる青松葉の原理を、バンカーＣ油のような重油に適用して水によりエマルジョン化させたものが、すなわちエマルジョン燃料である。また、苛性ソーダ（ＮａＯＨ）は油類に対する水溶性を有し、塩化カルシウムやこれの含有されたニガリ（ｂｉｔｔｅｒｎ）は有機物の蛋白質（例えば、豆腐）を凝固させる性質を有するということから触媒混合物を製造し、本発明のように、重油と水とを混合し、この混合物をエマルジョン化することができる方法に着眼することになった。 As described above, an emulsion fuel is obtained by applying the principle of green pine leaves consisting of 10% natural pine oil and 90% moisture to heavy oil such as bunker C oil and emulsifying it with water. Caustic soda (NaOH) has water-solubility in oils, and calcium chloride and bittern containing it have the property of coagulating organic proteins (eg, tofu) to produce a catalyst mixture. However, as in the present invention, the inventors decided to focus on a method capable of mixing heavy oil and water and emulsifying the mixture.
一例として、９０％の水分中に１０％の松油が水溶されている青松葉は燃焼性がよく、熱効率も優れているが、完全乾燥された松葉に５０％の水を浸潤させた後これを燃焼させる場合は、燃焼はおろか着火もできない。その理由は、乾燥された松葉に浸潤された５０％の水はどこまでも水として存在するものであって、前記青松葉に賦存する松油と水との水溶化合物ではないからである。 As an example, a green pine needle in which 10% pine oil is dissolved in 90% water has good flammability and excellent thermal efficiency, but after infiltrating 50% water into a completely dried pine needle, this When it is burned, neither combustion nor ignition is possible. The reason is that 50% of the water infiltrated into the dried pine needles exists as water, and is not a water-soluble compound of pine oil and water existing in the green pine needles.
本発明による触媒混合物を介して水１０−４５重量％にバンカーＣ油や石油のような重油９０−５５重量％を混合した混合物は、水とは異なる燃焼物質である。本発明に用いられる触媒の分子構造は、油と親和し易いアルキル基部分とイオン化して水と親和し易い部分とからなっているので、親油基と親水基とをいずれも含んでいる。したがって、本発明の触媒は、水と油にそれぞれ親和性のある部分を同時に有しているため、油層と水層の間で親油基分子は油層に、また親水基分子は水層に引かれて配列されることになる。これにより、水と油の各界面ないし表面の性質を変化させる界面活性作用が進められてエマルジョン化を図ることができる。 A mixture obtained by mixing 90-55% by weight of heavy oil such as bunker C oil or petroleum with 10-45% by weight of water through the catalyst mixture according to the present invention is a combustion substance different from water. The molecular structure of the catalyst used in the present invention is composed of an alkyl group portion that is easily compatible with oil and a portion that is ionized and easily compatible with water, and thus includes both a lipophilic group and a hydrophilic group. Therefore, since the catalyst of the present invention has a portion having affinity for water and oil at the same time, the lipophilic group molecules are attracted to the oil layer and the hydrophilic group molecules are attracted to the water layer between the oil layer and the water layer. Will be arranged. Thereby, the interfacial activity which changes the property of each interface or surface of water and oil is advanced, and emulsion can be achieved.
本発明において、触媒の原料として用いられるのは苛性ソーダと塩化カルシウムであり、塩化カルシウムの一部の代わりに硫酸カルシウムが使用されることもある。苛性ソーダ５０％水溶液を塩化カルシウム５０％水溶液に網布を介してゆっくり注入させる。この時、塩化カルシウム水溶液と注入された苛性ソーダ水溶液との急速な化学作用により白色の糊料形態の化合物が析出される。この糊料形態の化合物を透水性の優れている網布上で乾燥させると白色の無味な微細粉末の状態になる。 In the present invention, caustic soda and calcium chloride are used as raw materials for the catalyst, and calcium sulfate may be used in place of a part of the calcium chloride. A 50% aqueous solution of caustic soda is slowly poured into a 50% aqueous solution of calcium chloride through a net cloth. At this time, a white paste-form compound is precipitated by the rapid chemical action of the calcium chloride aqueous solution and the injected caustic soda aqueous solution. When the compound in the form of paste is dried on a net cloth having excellent water permeability, it becomes a fine white powder.
本発明によるエマルジョン燃料は、バンカーＣ油や石油のような重油５５−９０重量％と水４５−１０重量％とを混合し、前記混合物に０．３−０．８重量％の触媒を加えてエマルジョン化することにより製造される。前記エマルジョン燃料において、燃料油に１０−４５重量％の水と前記触媒を混合すると、水は油の中で１０ミクロン以下の微細な水滴に変えて油中水滴の状態になる。エマルジョン燃料は炉内の噴射された油滴中に含有されている水滴が加熱されて膨張しつつ、かつ爆発的に気化されてエマルジョン燃料を四方に飛散させ、さらに微細に分散させることにより完全燃焼を促進させる。 The emulsion fuel according to the present invention is obtained by mixing 55-90% by weight of heavy oil such as Bunker C oil or petroleum and 45-10% by weight of water, and adding 0.3-0.8% by weight of catalyst to the mixture. It is manufactured by emulsification. In the emulsion fuel, when 10-45% by weight of water and the catalyst are mixed with fuel oil, the water is changed into fine water droplets of 10 microns or less in the oil and becomes water droplets in oil. Emulsion fuel is completely combusted by spraying the emulsion fuel in four directions and finely dispersing it while the water droplets contained in the injected oil droplets in the furnace are heated and expanded, and explosively vaporized. To promote.
一般的に水を噴射して使用する方法と全く異なる現象の超微粒子化されたエマルジョン燃料は、空気と接触面積の増大により過剰の空気比率を減少させて急速な完全燃焼を起こす。また、水の気化潜熱による火炎の冷却作用と炭素に対する水の作用により燃焼カーボンの減少効果を起こし、化学的、物理的作用により煤煙とＮＯｘ及び炭化水素の含量を減少させることができる。エマルジョン燃料は、コロイド状態すなわち膠状体として燃料供給と噴射状態を非常に良好にする。 In general, an ultrafine-pulverized emulsion fuel having a phenomenon completely different from the method of injecting and using water causes rapid complete combustion by reducing an excess air ratio by increasing an area of contact with air. In addition, it is possible to reduce the combustion carbon by the action of cooling the flame by the latent heat of vaporization of water and the action of water on carbon, and the contents of soot, NOx and hydrocarbons can be reduced by chemical and physical actions. Emulsion fuel makes the fuel supply and injection conditions very good as a colloidal state, ie a glue.
油包水形のエマルジョン燃料は、バーナーによる燃焼の際、油滴中に含まれる水滴が高温で加熱されて急速に膨張しつつ、かつ爆発して気化され、連鎖的に２次爆発して周りの燃料を四方に微細に飛散させ、連鎖的に反応を起こして、完全燃焼させる。 Oil-filled emulsion fuel, when burned by a burner, the water droplets contained in the oil droplets are heated at a high temperature and rapidly expand, and then explode and vaporize. The fuel is scattered finely in all directions, causing a chain reaction and complete combustion.
エマルジョン燃料の水滴は１０ミクロン程度で水分含量は１０−３０％を含有しており、油滴中に数ミクロンの水滴が多数含まれている。すなわち、水分２０％のエマルジョン燃料の油滴一つの直径が５０ミクロンであると、直径３ミクロンの水滴は９００個余りが含まれる。 The water droplets of the emulsion fuel are about 10 microns and the water content is 10-30%, and many droplets of several microns are contained in the oil droplets. That is, if the diameter of one oil droplet of emulsion fuel with a water content of 20% is 50 microns, about 900 water droplets with a diameter of 3 microns are included.
ＬＰＧガスにおいて、燃焼ガス中の水分含量は１９−２０％であって、エマルジョン燃料のような水分含量を有する。本発明により水を添加したエマルジョン燃料の燃焼効率は、ＬＰＧのような従来の燃料油の燃焼効率よりされに高い。 In LPG gas, the moisture content in the combustion gas is 19-20%, and it has a moisture content like emulsion fuel. The combustion efficiency of the emulsion fuel to which water is added according to the present invention is much higher than that of a conventional fuel oil such as LPG.
水の反応はＣ＋Ｈ２Ｏ→ＣＯ＋Ｈ２（＋Ｏ２）→ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏであって、これは即ち水性ガスの反応である。高温で水分子と燃料油中の炭素とが水と反応してＣＯとＨ原子を形成することになる。すなわち、炭素が減少することにより燃焼効率は増大することになる。 The water reaction is C + H 2 O → CO + H 2 (+ O 2 ) → CO 2 + H 2 O, that is, a water gas reaction. At high temperatures, water molecules and carbon in fuel oil react with water to form CO and H atoms. That is, the combustion efficiency increases as the carbon decreases.
ボイラーの燃焼の時に発生する窒素酸化物は、ほとんどＮＯとＮＯ２であり、両方でＮＯｘという。エマルジョン燃料は燃料中に含有されている水分が均一に微粒子化されて火炎の全体で局所高温領域の生成を抑制し、体積比２０−３０％の水分が蒸発潜熱により燃焼温度を下げる。水粒子は炭素粒子と水性ガス反応により吸熱作用と局所高温防止作用をすることにより、ＮＯｘの生成を抑制する。このような、ＮＯｘの生成燃焼減少方式により公害を防止することができる。 Nitrogen oxides generated during combustion of the boiler are mostly NO and NO 2 , both of which are referred to as NOx. In the emulsion fuel, the moisture contained in the fuel is uniformly atomized to suppress the formation of a local high temperature region in the entire flame, and the moisture with a volume ratio of 20-30% lowers the combustion temperature due to latent heat of vaporization. The water particles suppress the generation of NOx by performing an endothermic action and a local high temperature preventing action by a carbon gas and water gas reaction. Pollution can be prevented by such a NOx production combustion reduction method.
本発明によるエマルジョン燃料は、一般家庭用や工業用ボイラーに用いられる場合４０−７５％のＮＯｘ生成を減少させることができる。また、微粒子化された油滴の広大になった表面積により空気接触が容易になるため、少ない空気比率でも完全燃焼が可能になり、ボイラーの構造と燃焼状況により煤煙減少率の差があるが、５０％以上の煤煙が減少される。また、煤塵濃度も減少する。一般的に、水５０％を添加すると、煤塵濃度は１／２程度に減少する。本発明のエマルジョン燃料は煤煙発生が著しく減少するため、汚染が減少され過剰の空気比率を低下させることにより約３０％の燃料節減が可能になる。 The emulsion fuel according to the present invention can reduce 40-75% NOx production when used in general household and industrial boilers. In addition, air contact is facilitated by the large surface area of the finely divided oil droplets, so complete combustion is possible even with a small air ratio, and there is a difference in the smoke reduction rate depending on the boiler structure and combustion status, More than 50% of soot is reduced. Also, the dust concentration is reduced. Generally, when 50% of water is added, the dust concentration is reduced to about 1/2. The emulsion fuel of the present invention significantly reduces soot generation, thus reducing pollution and reducing the excess air ratio to allow fuel savings of about 30%.
一般的にガス燃料は、透明な不輝炎を発しながら燃焼され、重油燃料は黄色で輝く不透明な不輝炎を発しながら燃焼されるが、これは浮遊炭素粒子が存在する火炎である。しかしながら、本発明のエマルジョン燃料はガスのような輝炎を発しながらガス燃料のように燃焼される。 In general, gas fuel is burned while emitting a transparent flame, and heavy oil fuel is burned while emitting an opaque flame that glows yellow, which is a flame in which floating carbon particles are present. However, the emulsion fuel of the present invention is burned like a gas fuel while emitting a luminous flame like a gas.
燃料油に水を添加すると、燃焼ガス量は水添加重量（ｋｇ）に２２．４／１８（Ｎｍ３／ｋｇ）をかけた寸法ほど増加する。灯油を１．２の空気比により燃焼させた時を基準にして水を３０−５０％添加した時は火炎温度は約１００°Ｃ下がる。しかしながら、燃焼ガス量が増加されるので、転熱効果は下がらない。液体燃料（ＬＰＧ，ＬＮＧ）が燃焼する際に発生する燃焼ガスの中には水分が約１３％含まれる。ここに、水を約５０％添加して計算すると、水分は約１６−１７％になる。液体燃料（ＬＰＧ，ＬＮＧ）の燃焼において燃焼ガス中の水分は１９−２０％まで発生されるが、腐食問題がないので、液体燃料のような水分含量を有するエマルジョン燃料も腐食の問題はない。添加する水分により少しの熱損失は発生するが、むしろ空気比率の減少、煤煙減少、汚染減少などにより熱効率は上昇され、ＮＯｘ抑制効果も得られる。 When water is added to the fuel oil, the amount of combustion gas increases as the size obtained by multiplying the water addition weight (kg) by 22.4 / 18 (Nm 3 / kg). The flame temperature drops by about 100 ° C when 30-50% of water is added, based on when kerosene is burned at an air ratio of 1.2. However, since the amount of combustion gas is increased, the heat transfer effect does not decrease. The combustion gas generated when the liquid fuel (LPG, LNG) burns contains about 13% moisture. Here, when water is added at about 50% and calculated, the water content is about 16-17%. In combustion of liquid fuel (LPG, LNG), the moisture in the combustion gas is generated up to 19-20%, but since there is no corrosion problem, an emulsion fuel having a water content like liquid fuel does not have a corrosion problem. Although a slight heat loss occurs due to the added water, the thermal efficiency is increased by the reduction of the air ratio, the reduction of smoke, the reduction of pollution, etc., and the NOx suppression effect is also obtained.
エマルジョン燃料はバーナーで噴霧が円滑にでき、水と共に超微粒子化された油滴の燃焼火炎が単一の炎になって燃焼の速さが早くなり、水の粒子は高熱により連鎖的に爆発しながら、燃料はさらに微粒子化されて再分散されるので、完全微細化されたガス燃焼のような燃焼火炎を形成して、完全燃焼する。 Emulsion fuel can be sprayed smoothly with a burner, the combustion flame of oil droplets made into ultrafine particles with water becomes a single flame, the speed of combustion increases, and water particles explode in a chain due to high heat. However, since the fuel is further atomized and re-dispersed, it forms a combustion flame such as gas combustion that is completely miniaturized, and complete combustion.
本発明は、下記の実施例によりより具体化され、下記の実施例は本発明の具体的な例示目的のためであり、本発明の保護範囲を限定したり制限しようとするのではない。 The invention is further embodied by the following examples, which are for purposes of illustration of the invention and are not intended to limit or limit the protection scope of the invention.
硫黄成分が０．５％以下のバンカーＣ油６０重量％と水４０重量％を混合した後触媒混合物が全体粗生物に対して０．５重量％になるように付加した。この際、用いられた触媒混合物は苛性ソーダと塩化カルシウムとを１：１の体積比で混合したものである。前記混合物を油化装置を利用して本発明に係るエマルジョン燃料を製造した。 After 60% by weight of Bunker C oil having a sulfur component of 0.5% or less and 40% by weight of water were mixed, the catalyst mixture was added so that the total crude product was 0.5% by weight. At this time, the catalyst mixture used was a mixture of caustic soda and calcium chloride in a volume ratio of 1: 1. An emulsion fuel according to the present invention was produced from the mixture using an oil generator.
実施例１におけるバンカーＣ油７０重量％と水３０重量％を使用することの以外に同様の方法でエマルジョン燃料を製造した。 An emulsion fuel was produced in the same manner except that 70% by weight of Bunker C oil and 30% by weight of water in Example 1 were used.
比較実施例１
水が含有されておらず、硫黄成分が１．０％であるバンカーＣ油のみで試験した。
Comparative Example 1
Only Bunker C oil containing no water and having a sulfur content of 1.0% was tested.
比較実施例２
水が含有されておらず、硫黄成分が０．５％以下のバンカーＣ油のみで試験した。
Comparative Example 2
Only Bunker C oil containing no water and having a sulfur component of 0.5% or less was tested.
上記試験は韓国産業技術試験院で実施された。試験方法は炉通連関式ボイラー（ｓｍｏｋｅ ｔｕｂｅ ｐａｃｋａｇｅｄ ｂｏｉｌｅｒ、正格蒸発量：３ＴＯＮ／ＨＲ）が９０％以上の負荷率で連続運転される状態で、エマルジョン化燃料油及び大気汚染物質の分析と、給油流量、排気ガス温度等の測定が行われた。前記実施例１−２及び比較実施例１−２に対する分析結果を下記表１に示し、性能試験結果を下記表２に示す。本発明による実施例１、２の油化燃料がいずれの結果でも優れていることがわかる。 The above test was conducted at the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology. The test method is the analysis of emulsified fuel oil and air pollutants, with refueling boiler (smoke tube packaged boiler, rated evaporation: 3 TON / HR) continuously operated at a load factor of 90% or more, Measurements such as flow rate and exhaust gas temperature were made. The analysis results for Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 are shown in Table 1 below, and the performance test results are shown in Table 2 below. It can be seen that the oiled fuels of Examples 1 and 2 according to the present invention are excellent in any result.
＊：マルチサイクロン出口での排気ガス *: Exhaust gas at multi-cyclone outlet
本発明は燃料用冷暖房ボイラー、産業用ボイラー、加熱炉などで用いられる一般燃料油（重油）に水を２５−５０％程度添加してエマルジョン化することにより、燃料節約のみならず産業分野のエネルギー節減と公害防止に非常に効率的であり、バンカーＣ油のような重油中に含有されているスラッジを微細に分解させると共に、添加された水が超微粒子化されてエマルジョン化された燃料油をバーナーにより燃焼して、水が水性ガス反応と微細爆発反応で完全燃焼を促進させて、公害防止と燃料節約などの経済的利益を得ることができるエマルジョン燃料を提供できる効果がある。 The present invention adds about 25-50% of water to general fuel oil (heavy oil) used in fuel cooling and heating boilers, industrial boilers, heating furnaces, etc. to emulsify, thereby saving not only fuel but also industrial energy. It is very efficient for saving and pollution prevention, and finely decomposes sludge contained in heavy oil such as Bunker C oil, and also adds fuel oil that has been emulsified by adding ultrafine water to the added water. There is an effect that it is possible to provide an emulsion fuel which can be burned by a burner and water can promote complete combustion by water gas reaction and fine explosion reaction to obtain economic benefits such as pollution prevention and fuel saving.
本発明の単純な変形ないし変更はこの分野の通常の知識を有する者により容易に利用されることができ、このような変形や変更はすべて本発明の領域に含まれる。
Simple variations or modifications of the present invention can be readily utilized by those having ordinary knowledge in the field, and all such variations and modifications are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
前記混合物を油化装置により油化させるステップとからなる、エマルジョン燃料の製造方法。 Mixing a mixture consisting of 55-90 wt% heavy oil, 45-10 wt% water and a trace amount of catalyst;
A method for producing an emulsion fuel, comprising the step of liquefying the mixture with an oil devolatilizer.
A catalyst composition for producing emulsion fuel by emulsifying a mixture of heavy oil and water, comprising 50 parts by weight of caustic soda and 50 parts by weight of a mixture of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| PCT/KR2003/002105 WO2005035696A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2003-10-13 | Emulsion fuel and method of preparing the same |
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| JP2007520573A true JP2007520573A (en) | 2007-07-26 |
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| US (1) | US20070113938A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1680489A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2007520573A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003271199A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2540071A1 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2010023717A1 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-04 | ゴールドエナジー株式会社 | Additive for producing heavy oil c emulsion fuel, process for producing the additive, and apparatus and process for producing heavy oil c emulsion fuel using the additive |
| WO2012067069A1 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-24 | 有限会社共立プラスチック製作所 | Additive for hydrobiofuel, hydrobiofuel and method for producing same |
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| ITVR20130081A1 (en) | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-06 | Fuber Ltd | EMULSIFYING ADDITIVE FOR THE FORMATION OF WATER EMULSIONS IN PURE FUEL OIL OR IN MIXTURES CONTAINING MAINLY FUEL OIL AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION |
| ES2719875T3 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2019-07-16 | Eme Finance Ltd | Device for mixing water and diesel oil, apparatus and process for producing a water / diesel microemulsion |
| IT201600132801A1 (en) | 2016-12-30 | 2018-06-30 | Eme International Ltd | Apparatus and process for producing liquid from biomass, biofuel and biomaterial |
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| JPH115987A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Setsuo Matsumoto | Emulsifier for use in treatment of heavy oil and process for treating heavy oil by using the same |
| JPH116615A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Setsuo Matsumoto | Heavy fuel oil combustion method and device employed for the same |
| JPH1121571A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-26 | Torao Hashimoto | W/o heavy oil/water emulsion fuel, additive therefor, emulsifying equipment and method for combusting heavy oil |
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| KR860002069B1 (en) * | 1984-11-09 | 1986-11-24 | 용성화학 주식회사 | Emulsion fuel |
| JP3236249B2 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2001-12-10 | 廣次 野原 | Oil-water emulsion fuel |
| US6066186A (en) * | 1998-01-02 | 2000-05-23 | Matsumoto; Setsuo | Method of forming and combusting water-in-fuel oil emulsion |
| KR100336092B1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2002-05-10 | 호 균 김 | Emulsion Fuel and Catalyst Mixture for Preparing the Emulsion Fuel |
-
2003
- 2003-10-13 US US10/574,025 patent/US20070113938A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-13 EP EP03751521A patent/EP1680489A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-13 CA CA002540071A patent/CA2540071A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-13 WO PCT/KR2003/002105 patent/WO2005035696A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-10-13 MX MXPA06003667A patent/MXPA06003667A/en unknown
- 2003-10-13 JP JP2005509481A patent/JP2007520573A/en active Pending
- 2003-10-13 AU AU2003271199A patent/AU2003271199A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH115987A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Setsuo Matsumoto | Emulsifier for use in treatment of heavy oil and process for treating heavy oil by using the same |
| JPH116615A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1999-01-12 | Setsuo Matsumoto | Heavy fuel oil combustion method and device employed for the same |
| JPH1121571A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-01-26 | Torao Hashimoto | W/o heavy oil/water emulsion fuel, additive therefor, emulsifying equipment and method for combusting heavy oil |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010023717A1 (en) * | 2008-08-25 | 2010-03-04 | ゴールドエナジー株式会社 | Additive for producing heavy oil c emulsion fuel, process for producing the additive, and apparatus and process for producing heavy oil c emulsion fuel using the additive |
| WO2012067069A1 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2012-05-24 | 有限会社共立プラスチック製作所 | Additive for hydrobiofuel, hydrobiofuel and method for producing same |
| JPWO2012067069A1 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2014-05-12 | 有限会社共立プラスチック製作所 | Additive for hydrated biofuel, hydrated biofuel and method for producing the same |
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| AU2003271199A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
| US20070113938A1 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
| EP1680489A4 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| CA2540071A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
| WO2005035696A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| EP1680489A1 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
| MXPA06003667A (en) | 2006-08-11 |
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