JP2007511465A - インビボポリヌクレオチド送達用生分解性ポリアセタール - Google Patents
インビボポリヌクレオチド送達用生分解性ポリアセタール Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007511465A JP2007511465A JP2006528062A JP2006528062A JP2007511465A JP 2007511465 A JP2007511465 A JP 2007511465A JP 2006528062 A JP2006528062 A JP 2006528062A JP 2006528062 A JP2006528062 A JP 2006528062A JP 2007511465 A JP2007511465 A JP 2007511465A
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- polyanion
- polycation
- polyacetal
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
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Abstract
【選択図】図8
Description
本願は、参照によりその全文が本明細書に組み込まれる米国仮特許出願第60/507,161号(2003年9月29日出願)に基づく優先権を主張する。
本発明は、概して、インビトロおよびインビボポリヌクレオチド送達用途に有用な分解性ポリマー組成物に関する。特に本発明は、哺乳動物におけるインビボポリヌクレオチド送達用途に有用な、ポリアニオン、ポリカチオンおよびポリヌクレオチドを含む分解性複合体に関する。
Kircheis R,Wightman L,Wagner E.「Design and gene delivery activity of modified polyethylenimines(修飾ポリエチレンイミンの設計および遺伝子送達活性)」Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2001,53,341-358.
Godbeyら「Tracking the intracellular path of PEI/DNA complexes for gene delivery(遺伝子送達用PEI/DNA複合体の細胞内経路を追跡する)」Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1999,96,5177-5181.
Cholletら「Side-effects of a systemic injection of linear polyethylenimine-DNA complexes(線状ポリエチレンイミン-DNA複合体の全身注射の副作用)」J Gene Med 2002,4,84-91.
Tousignantら「Comprehensive analysis of the acute toxicities induced by systemic administration of cationic lipid:plasmid DNA complexes in mice(カチオン性脂質:プラスミドDNA複合体の全身投与によってマウスに誘発される急性毒性の包括的解析)」Hum Gene Ther 2000,11,2493-2513.
Escriouら「Cationic lipid-mediated gene transfer: effect of serum on cellular uptake and intracellular fate of lipoamine/DNA complexes(カチオン性脂質による遺伝子導入:リポアミン/DNA複合体の細胞取り込みおよび細胞内運命に対する血清の作用)」Biochim Biophys Acta 1998,1368,276-288.
Plankら「Activation of the complement system by synthetic DNA complexes: a potential barrier for intravenous gene delivery(合成DNA複合体による補体系の活性化:静脈内遺伝子送達にとっての潜在的障壁)」Hum Gene Ther 1996,7,1437-1446.
Ogrisら「EGylated DNA/transferrin-PEI complexes: reduced interaction with blood components extended circulation in blood and potential for systemic gene delivery(EG化DNA/トランスフェリン-PEI複合体:血液成分との相互作用の減少により、血中循環時間が延び、全身遺伝子送達の可能性が広がった)」Gene Ther 1999,6,595-605.
Kircheisら「Polyethylenimine/DNA complexes shielded by transferring target gene expression to tumors after systemic application(トランスフェリンで遮蔽されたポリエチレンイミン/DNA複合体は全身適用後に遺伝子発現を腫瘍にターゲティングする)」Gene Ther 2001,8,28-40.
Trubetskoyら「Layer-by-layer deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on the Surface of Condensed DNA particles(凝縮DNA粒子の表面における反対荷電を持つ高分子電解質の逐次的沈着)」Nucleic Acids Res. 1999,27,3090-3095.
Trubetskoyら「Recharging cationic DNA complexes with highly charged polyanions for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery(インビトロおよびインビボ遺伝子送達用カチオン性DNA複合体への高荷電ポリアニオンの再装填)」Gene Ther. 2003,10,261-271. 2002年10月11日に出願された米国特許出願第10/270,788号(米国特許出願公開第2003-0215395号(A1)として公開されている)および2002年5月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/378,164号.
2003年2月25日に出願された米国特許出願第10/375,705号(米国特許出願公開第2004-0166089号(A1)として公開されている).
Tomlinson R,Heller J,Brocchini S,Duncan R.「Polyacetal-doxorubicin conjugates designed for pH-dependent degradation(pH依存的分解のために設計されたポリアセタール-ドキソルビシンコンジュゲート)」Bioconjug Chem. 2003,14(6),1096-1106.
で表される繰り返し単位を含む。例えば、非常に好ましいポリアニオンは、式(II):
によって表される繰り返し単位を含む。式(II)によって表される繰り返し単位を含むポリアニオンは、好ましくは、対応するポリアセタール前駆体を加水分解して加水分解型ポリアセタールを形成させ、ガラクトサミンをその加水分解型ポリアセタールとカップリングして当該ポリアニオンを形成させることによって製造される。カップリングは、好ましくは、1,3-ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC)、N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS)、および4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)からなる群より選択されるカップリング試薬を使って行なわれる。ポリアセタール前駆体は、好ましくは、2003年2月25日に出願された米国特許出願第10/375,705号に記載されているように製造され、この文献は上述のように参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
ポリアセタール4〜6の合成(図3):実例としてアニオン性ポリアセタール5の合成を以下に説明する。水酸化リチウム一水和物(0.45g、10.7mmol)のメタノール/水(1:1)(20mL)溶液をポリアセタール2(2.57g、8.6mmol)に加えた。反応混合物を24時間撹拌し、回転蒸発法によって濃縮した。残渣をエタノール(50mL)に再溶解した。得られた溶液にアセトン(200mL)を加えて沈殿物を形成させた。その混合物を傾瀉し、残渣を高真空下に置いてポリアニオン5(1.7g)を得た。
ポリアセタール7〜9の合成(図3):実例としてポリアセタール8の合成を以下に説明する。1,3-ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド(DIC、0.082g、0.65mmol)のDMF(10mL)溶液をアニオン性ポリアセタール5(0.39g、1.3mmol)に加えた。DMF(15mL)中のN-ヒドロキシスクシンイミド(NHS、0.075g、0.65mmol)を反応混合物に加えた。反応液を7時間撹拌した。沈殿物を単離し、新たなDMFで洗浄し、高真空下に置いて8(0.45g)を得た。
ポリアセタール10の合成:ガラクトサミン-HCl(0.11g、0.51mmol)および4-ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP、0.12g、0.98mmol)のジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、2mL)溶液を、ポリアニオン8(0.20g)のPBS(8mL)溶液に加えた。反応混合物を15時間撹拌した。反応溶液にアセトン(200mL)を加え、撹拌した。1時間以内に沈殿物が生成した。沈殿物を蒸留水(2mL)に再溶解し、蒸留水(2000mL)中で5時間透析した。溶液を高真空下に置いて10を得た。
以下の実施例で使用するポリカチオン12は、図5に図解するとおり、2002年10月11日に出願された米国特許出願第10/270,788号(米国特許出願公開第2003-0215395号(A1)として公開されている)および2002年5月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/378,164号に記載されているように製造した。
ポリアセタール5の三元複合体化によるDNA/ポリカチオン複合体の形成:プラスミドDNAおよび生分解性ポリカチオン12の試料をOptimem溶液(Life Technologies)に希釈し、それらを混合することにより、重量比で32:1〜8:1のポリカチオン対DNA比を持つ一連のポリカチオン/DNA二元複合体を形成させた。約15分後に、Optimem溶液に溶解したポリアニオン5を、そのポリカチオン/DNA複合体に加え、室温でさらに15分間インキュベートした。得られた三元複合体をアガロースゲルに加え、電気泳動を行なった。すなわち、5μlの色素液(loading dye)を各試料に加え、15μlの各試料を各ウェルに負荷した。1mM EDTAを含有する0.04M Tris-酢酸緩衝液(pH7.4)を使った0.3%アガロースゲルにおける100Vで30分間の電気泳動により、三元複合体を分析した。三元複合体をUV照射によって可視化した。ポリカチオン/ポリアニオン/DNA三元複合体に関する遅延度アッセイ結果を図1に示す。これらの結果は、三元複合体がうまく形成されたこと、およびポリアニオン5はDNAと競合せず、したがってDNAはそれぞれの比で三元複合体から放出されたことを示している。
ポリカチオン12およびアニオン性ポリアセタール10を含む三元複合体を使ったインビトロトランスフェクションを、以下のように行なった。HepaG2細胞を24穴組織培養プレートに播種し(HepaG2細胞について2×105細胞/ウェル)し、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS)を含むDMEM中で終夜インキュベートした。各ウェルについて、20μlのポリカチオン12溶液(それぞれ異なる用量の生分解性ポリカチオン12を含有するもの)を、0.6μgのプラスミドDNA(pCMV-GFPプラスミドDNAまたはpCMV-luc)を含有する20μlのDNA溶液中に、ボルテックスしながら滴下した。ボルテックスしながらの滴下は非常に好ましいことがわかった。なぜなら、トランスフェクションの結果は混合条件に依存することがわかったからである。DNAおよびポリカチオン12を含有する溶液を室温で15分間インキュベートして、DNA-ポリカチオン12二元複合体を形成させた。次に、アニオン性ポリアセタール10を含有する溶液20mlをDNA-ポリアニオン12二元複合体のそれぞれに加えて三元複合体(DNA、アニオン性ポリアセタール10、およびポリカチオン12を含有するもの)を形成させた。次に、これらの三元複合体の試料60mLを各ウェルに加え、細胞を24時間インキュベート(37℃、7.5%CO2)した。そのインキュベーション後に、ミバエルシフェラーゼ活性を、以下に説明するように検出した。
ポリアセタール13の合成(図9):1,2,4,5-ベンゼンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(5.0g、22.9mmol、Aldrich Chemical Company)を、3,9-ビス(3-アミノプロピル)-2,4,8,10-テトラオキサスピロ[5.5]ウンデカン(6.34g、22.9mmol、TCI Chemical Company)のジメチルアセトアミド(DMA、100mL)溶液に加えた。その混合物を室温で3日間撹拌した。反応を炭酸重炭酸ナトリウム(sodium bicarbonate carbonate)飽和水溶液(50mL)で停止した。沈殿物を濾過し、濾液をアセトン(1000mL)に注ぎ込んだところ、白色沈殿物が生成した。その沈殿物を蒸留水に再溶解し、セルロース膜(分子量カットオフ2,000)に入れて、蒸留水に対して、水を4回交換しながら15時間にわたって透析した。回転蒸発法で水を除去することにより、透明な固形ポリアセタール13(3.2g)を得た。ポリアセタール13の分子量は約45,000ダルトンだった(HPSEC、ポリエチレングリコール標準物質で測定)。ポリアセタール13の1Hおよび13C NMRスペクトルをとったところ、図9に示すポリアセタール13の化学構造と合致することがわかった。図9において、nおよびmはそれぞれ個別に約1〜約200の範囲内の整数である。ポリアセタール13の分子量の制御(したがってmおよびnの制御)は、二無水物モノマー対ジアミンモノマーのモル比を変化させることによって遂行しうる。
ポリカチオンPEI-DNA二元複合体および生分解性ポリカチオン12-DNA二元複合体のサイズおよびゼータ電位は以下のように決定した。
三元複合体のサイズおよびゼータ電位は以下のように決定した。
ポリアセタール13の安全性試験:15匹のヘアレスマウス(SKH1モデル、5〜6週齢、18〜20グラム)をCharles River Laboratoriesから購入し、動物施設で3日間飼育してから実験を行なった。15匹のマウスを3群(各群5匹)に分割した。ポリアセタール13試料は、ポリマーを3種類の濃度、すなわち(1)40mg/mL、(2)20mg/mL、および(3)10mg/mLで、PBS(pH7.4)に溶解することによって調製した。次に、各濃度の溶液100μLをマウスに注射(尾静脈)した(1匹につき1回の注射)。マウスを5時間観察した。結果を下記表3に示す。
Claims (23)
- ポリヌクレオチドを細胞に送達するための複合体であって、
ポリヌクレオチド、
ポリカチオン、および
酸分解性ポリアニオン
を含む複合体。 - ポリヌクレオチドが、DNAおよびRNAからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- ポリヌクレオチドが、プラスミドDNA、アンチセンスDNA、DNAオリゴマー、siRNA、リボザイム、およびテトラマーからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- ポリカチオンが、高速サイズ排除クロマトグラフィーによる決定で、約2,000ダルトン〜約50,000ダルトンの範囲内の重量平均分子量を持つ、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- ポリカチオンが、ポリアミン、ポリ(エチレンイミン)、ポリエステル-ポリアミン、ポリリン酸ジエステル-ポリアミン、およびポリアセタール-ポリアミンからなる群より選択される、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- ポリカチオンが生分解性ポリカチオンである、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- 生分解性ポリカチオンが、ポリエステル-ポリアミン、ポリリン酸ジエステル-ポリアミン、およびポリアセタール-ポリアミンからなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の複合体。
- 酸分解性ポリアニオンが、アセタール、イミン、ヒドラゾン、エノール、エノールエーテル、エナミン、ケタール、およびオキシムからなる群より選択される酸分解性基を含む、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- 酸分解性ポリアニオンが、カルボン酸イオン基、スルホン酸イオン基、およびリン酸イオン基からなる群より選択されるアニオン性基を含む、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- 酸分解性ポリアニオンがターゲティングリガンドを含む、上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体。
- ターゲティングリガンドが、ガラクトース、ラクトース、マンノース、ペプチド、抗体、抗体断片、およびトランスフェリンからなる群より選択される、請求項10に記載の複合体。
- 上記請求項のいずれか一項に記載の複合体を製造する方法であって、
酸分解性ポリアニオンを含む第1溶液を、ポリカチオンおよびポリヌクレオチドを含む第2溶液と混合することを含む方法。 - 細胞に複合体を送達する方法であって、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の複合体を細胞と接触させることを含む方法。
- 細胞が哺乳類細胞である、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 複合体と細胞との接触が、複合体を哺乳動物の体内に導入することによって行なわれる、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物の体内への複合体の導入が全身投与によって行なわれる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 哺乳動物の体内への複合体の導入が局所投与によって行なわれる、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 請求項20に記載のポリアニオンを製造する方法であって、
ポリアセタールを加水分解して加水分解型ポリアセタールを形成させること、そして
ガラクトサミンを加水分解型ポリアセタールとカップリングして請求項20に記載のポリアニオンを形成させること
を含む方法。 - カップリングが、DIC、NHS、およびDMAPからなる群より選択されるカップリング試薬を使って行なわれる、請求項21に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2004/030323 WO2005032597A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 | 2004-09-16 | Biodegradable polyacetals for in vivo polynucleotide delivery |
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EP (1) | EP1667732B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4586022B2 (ja) |
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DE102004023117A1 (de) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-12-08 | A. u. K. Müller GmbH & Co KG | Elektromagnetventil für flüssige Medien, insbesondere Heißwasser |
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DE602004026747D1 (de) | 2010-06-02 |
EP1667732B1 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
US20050080033A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
ATE464913T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
US20110015344A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
HK1092727A1 (en) | 2007-02-16 |
US8383091B2 (en) | 2013-02-26 |
WO2005032597A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP4586022B2 (ja) | 2010-11-24 |
EP1667732A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
US7794696B2 (en) | 2010-09-14 |
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