JP2007032471A - Wind power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a generator from generating voltage higher than a set value even if wind speed increases and a blade rotates at high speed. <P>SOLUTION: A rotor 19 provided with a magnet 20 is fixed on a windmill including a down blow style blade 18 rotating even receiving gentle wind as one unit. A spring gradually moving the windmill and the rotor 19 in a horizontal direction in relation to a rotary shaft to reduce degree of magnetic engagement with a stator coil 10 fixed on a body 4 when wind speed is set rotation speed or higher is included and power generation performance is controlled. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind turbine generator that generates power using wind power.

  The wind turbine generator is provided with blades (rotary blades) that convert wind power into rotational force on the rotor side, and induces electric power in a stator coil provided in the stator by rotation of a magnet provided in the rotor.

  In order to obtain wind power stably and effectively, the wind power generation apparatus includes a tower established on the ground and a wind turbine base on the top of the tower. Further, on the wind turbine base, a plurality of blades rotating by receiving wind force, a blade rotor to which the blades are attached, and the rotor having a plurality of magnets disposed on the blade rotor side are provided. The stator having a stator coil so as to face the magnet is provided on the fixed side. The rotor and the stator constitute a generator.

  Therefore, in this wind power generator, the rotor is rotated relative to the stator when the blades receive wind force. A voltage is induced in the stator coil. This induced (power generation) voltage is proportional to the rotational speed of the rotor. Therefore, although a high output can be obtained in a strong wind, a stable voltage cannot be generated in a light wind.

  In order to obtain a high output even in a light wind with a wind power generator, blades bent at a special angle with a large area are required. However, since the blades rotate at a high speed during a strong wind, the blades themselves and the blade mounting portion may be deformed or damaged. Accordingly, in order to prevent deformation or breakage of the blade itself or the blade mounting portion, it is necessary to take measures to reduce the blade area and the efficiency of wind utilization.

Moreover, the tower is formed to have a certain size of outer diameter and strength so as to support almost the whole weight of the wind power generator and to withstand strong winds, and the construction and installation work are large.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-174067

  As described above, in order to obtain high output even during light winds, and to reduce the blade area and wind utilization efficiency during strong winds, the direction of the blades can be changed according to the wind force, and the blade rotation shaft can be loaded. A method of connecting them is conceivable. However, the blade mounting structure is complicated, and a large and troublesome work is required to change the efficiency of wind utilization. Further, when the outer diameter of the tower is increased to withstand strong winds, there is a problem that noise and vibration are generated.

  Furthermore, the blades rotate at a high speed during strong winds, and the voltage generated by this high speed rotation becomes excessive. However, it is necessary to allow a sufficient margin in the withstand voltage and capacity of the generator circuit components and wiring that can withstand this generated voltage. For this reason, there existed a problem that equipment cost became high and the utilization efficiency of equipment was bad. In addition, the wind turbine generator and the wind turbine installed on the tower are large in size and cannot be used in ordinary households.

  The present invention can achieve high output in light winds, can reduce noise in strong winds, can avoid an excessive increase in generated voltage even at high speeds, and can be used in ordinary households with simple equipment and low equipment costs. A power generator is to be provided.

  The wind turbine generator according to the first aspect of the present invention is such that a rotor provided with a magnet is integrally fixed to a windmill having a blade of a down blow type that rotates even when subjected to a slight wind speed, and the wind speed is equal to or higher than a set rotation. The wind turbine and the rotor gradually move in the horizontal direction with respect to the horizontal axis, and the power generation performance is controlled by including a spring that can reduce the degree of magnetic coupling with the stator coil fixed to the body.

  With the above configuration, a high output is obtained even in a light wind, and when the wind speed exceeds a set wind speed, the rotor is retracted in accordance with an increase in the actual wind speed, and the induced power of the stator coil is reduced. That is, even if the wind speed increases and the rotor (blade) rotates at a high speed, the stator coil does not generate a high voltage exceeding the design value. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare unnecessarily large and expensive wiring, electrical parts and equipment in consideration of insulation and withstand voltage, and it is safe and useful as a home power generation equipment.

  A wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 2 includes a body rotatably supported by a vertical axis, a horizontal axis horizontally supported by the body, and a rotatable by the horizontal axis. A hub slidably supported in the horizontal axis direction, a plurality of blades attached around the hub, and a spring provided on the horizontal axis so as to constantly urge the hub in the body direction And a generator comprising a stator attached to the body and a rotor attached to the hub so as to face the stator, and when the wind speed exceeds a set value, the hub is It is retracted along the horizontal axis against a spring to reduce the degree of magnetic coupling between the stator coil of the stator and the magnet of the rotor.

  With the above configuration, at a set wind speed or higher, the hub reciprocates along the horizontal axis according to the magnitude of the actual wind speed, and the rotor is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the stator. The induced power of is changed. That is, even if the wind speed increases and the blades rotate at a high speed, the stator coil does not generate a higher voltage than the design value. Therefore, it is not necessary to prepare wiring and electric parts and equipment that are larger and more expensive than necessary in consideration of insulation and withstand voltage, and it is safe and useful as a home power generation equipment.

  The wind turbine generator according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in claim 3 is characterized in that the upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft are supported by a self-supporting frame. According to the above configuration, the entire wind power generator can be gathered in a self-supporting and compact manner, and can be portable, using a horizontal mount or the like, if necessary, a hill that is susceptible to wind and wind, Or it can be easily installed on flat ground.

  A wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 4 is provided with a cylindrical cord guide that is rotatable with the body on the outer periphery of a vertical shaft and has a streamlined cross section. Features.

  With this configuration, the cable (wiring) for extracting the generated voltage from the generator can be accommodated in the cord guide without being exposed to wind and rain. Further, since the cord guide itself is streamlined, it is possible to reduce wind resistance. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of vibration and noise in the vertical shaft portion even under strong winds.

  In the wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 5, the cord guide includes a brush connected to a cord introduced from the generator into the cord guide, and a square tube for storing the brush. And a brush-shaped electrode holding member having a ring-shaped electrode disposed on the vertical axis so as to be opposed to the brush-shaped member and in sliding contact with the brush. .

  With the above configuration, it is possible to safely and reliably take out the electric power from the movable portion of the generator to the fixed portion with a part of the cord guide that covers the vertical axis.

  A wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention as set forth in claim 6 is characterized in that the blades of the windmill are detachable and the mounting angle can be freely changed. By the said structure, what was selected according to the wind speed etc. of an installation place from the blade | wings from which a shape and size differ can be used, replacing arbitrarily.

  A wind turbine generator according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in claim 7 is characterized in that a balance weight is arranged at the windward tip of the wind power generator. With the above configuration, the wind direction followability can be improved and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

  According to the present invention, a sufficient degree of voltage induction is realized by increasing the degree of magnetic coupling between the rotor magnet and the stator coil of the stator during light winds, and the degree of induced voltage level is reduced by reducing the degree of magnetic coupling during strong winds. Can be suppressed so as not to rise above the setting. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size, capacity, and cost of electrical facilities. It can also be easily used as a home wind generator. Furthermore, by covering the vertical axis with a streamlined code guide, vibration and noise caused by wind around the vertical axis can be reliably avoided.

  In the present invention, a rotor having a magnet and a plurality of blades is provided opposite to a stator coil, and the rotor is retracted in accordance with an increase in wind speed and further automatically returned in response to a decrease in wind speed.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be invented with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the entire wind power generator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the main part, and FIG. 4 is the entire wind power generator showing another embodiment. It is a perspective view.

  FIG. 1 shows an example in which a wind power generator A of the present invention is supported on a birdcage type self-supporting frame B. In the wind power generator A, reference numeral 1 denotes a vertical shaft made of a metal pipe having upper and lower ends fixed to the birdcage-type self-supporting frame B, and a through hole of the vertical shaft 1 is formed at a substantially central portion of the vertical shaft 1. A body 4 having 5 is fitted and supported so as to be horizontally rotatable. In one embodiment of the drawings, the upper and lower ends of the body 4 are supported by a bearing retainer 2 fixed to the vertical shaft 1 and a bearing 3 so as to be horizontally rotatable.

  A part of the body 4 is bulged rearward to form a mounting portion 7 of a horizontal shaft 9 to be described later. A horizontal hole 8 is formed at the center of the mounting portion 7. One end of 9 is press-fitted, and the other end of the horizontal shaft 9 is extended to the rear of the mounting portion 7.

  A stator 11 having a plurality of stator coils 10 arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery is attached to the attachment portion 7 of the body 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the stator 11 is formed by arranging the stator coils 10 at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a ring-shaped member 11a. A rotor 19 (to be described later) is disposed opposite to the outer periphery of the stator coil 10.

  On the horizontal shaft 9 extending to the outside of the mounting portion 7, an intermediate tube 12 is fitted so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The outer shape of the intermediate cylinder 12 is as shown in FIG. 3, and a hub 14 is rotatably supported on the outer periphery via a bearing 13. Accordingly, the hub 14 is supported on the horizontal shaft 9 so as to be rotatable and axially movable.

  A plate-like spring receiving member 15 is attached to the rear end of the horizontal shaft 9 and a rear cover 23 described later. A spring 16 is interposed around the horizontal shaft 9 between the spring receiving member 15 and the hub 14. Therefore, the hub 14 is always in contact with the body 4 (the mounting portion 7) side under the repulsive force of the spring 16.

  A plurality of (eight in the drawing) blade attachment holes 17 are provided on the outer periphery of the hub 14 in the direction toward the center, and a base 18a of the blades 18 is detachably fitted into the blade attachment holes 17 to constitute a wind turbine. Has been. Therefore, it is possible to arbitrarily replace the blade mounting hole 17 selected from blades having different shapes and sizes according to the wind speed at the installation location. It is also possible to change the mounting angle of the blade 18 freely.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a cup-shaped rotor 19 is attached to a side surface of the hub 14 (a surface facing the body 4 (the attachment member 7)). A plurality of magnets 20 are arranged in a ring shape at equal intervals on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 19. The magnet 20 normally faces each stator coil 10 on the outer periphery of the stator 11.

  On the outer periphery of the vertical shaft 1, a pair of upper and lower cylindrical cord guides 21 and 21a are provided so as to be horizontally rotatable. The cord guides 21 and 21a are streamlined in cross-section and have low wind resistance. Further, a front cover 22 and a rear cover 23 for housing the body 4, the hub 14, the spring receiving member 15 and the like are attached between the code guides 21 and 21a.

  A tail wing 24 is integrally provided at the rear end of the rear cover 23. The tail wing 24 works together with the covers 22 and 23 to direct the blades 18 in the wind direction.

  The self-supporting frame B is configured by assembling a plurality of metal pipes 25 into a birdcage shape using a plurality of joint fittings 26. Both ends of the vertical shaft 1 are stably attached to the pair of upper and lower joint fittings 26a of the self-supporting frame B. In addition, a well-known product can be used for the metal pipe 25 and the joint fitting 26. The shape and size of the self-supporting frame B can be arbitrarily selected according to the wind speed, the installation environment of the wind power generator, and the like.

  A disc-shaped brush storage member 27 is attached to the lower end of the lower code guide 21a. A square tube 28 is formed integrally with the brush storage member 27, and a brush (not shown) and a spring (not shown) for urging the brush downward are stored in the square tube 28. In the figure, 29 is a spring retainer that closes the open end of the rectangular tube 28. The spring retainer 29 functions to urge the brush in the square tube 28 downward. A cord end from a generator introduced into the cord guide 21 is connected to the brush. In addition, a through hole 27 a that penetrates the vertical shaft 1 is provided at the center of the brush accommodating member 27.

  Further, a center hole 31a of a ring-shaped electrode holding member 31 is fitted on the outer periphery of the vertical shaft 1 facing the lower end of the lower code guide 21a. A plurality of ring-shaped electrodes 30 having different diameters are attached on the ring-shaped electrode holding member 31. The ring electrode 30 is also provided with a through hole 30a through which the vertical shaft 1 passes.

  In a state where the brush housing member 27 is disposed opposite to the ring-shaped electrode holding member 31, each brush is brought into contact with each of the ring electrodes 30 with a predetermined contact pressure. Therefore, when the lower code guide 21 a rotates in the horizontal direction around the vertical shaft 1, the brush housing portion 27 rotates with respect to the ring-shaped electrode holding member 31. Therefore, the generated voltage of the generator can be taken out through the rotating brush and the fixed ring electrode 30 respectively. The upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft 1 are coupled to the upper and lower joints 26a.

  FIG. 4 shows another embodiment in which a balance weight 32 is arranged at the windward tip of the wind power generator A.

  Next, the operation of the wind turbine generator A having the above configuration will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the wind power generator A shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on an appropriate support frame. In one embodiment of the drawings, the self-supporting frame B is mounted on the self-supporting frame B, and the self-supporting frame B is installed on a roof or on a hill that is easily affected by wind. When installing, it is desirable to prepare in advance a horizontal frame dedicated to the self-supporting frame B so that the vertical shaft 21 is vertical. In addition, a plurality of wind power generators A may be used in parallel as necessary. In addition, after installation of the self-supporting frame B on which the wind power generator A is mounted, for example, the lock members that have stopped the movement of the wind power generator A, the blades 18 and the like are removed.

  The wind power generator A has down-blow type blades 18, and when the diameter of the blade 18 part is 1.24 m and the number of blades 18 is eight, the wind power generator A rotates slowly at first after receiving wind. Then, power generation is started at a wind speed of 2.5 m / s or higher.

  The front cover 22 and the rear cover 23 connected thereto are streamlined. Therefore, the wind that flows along the surfaces of the covers 22 and 23 acts on the tail 24, and the tail 24 is controlled so as to follow the flow of the wind. Then, the hub 14 and the body 7 in the covers 22 and 23 are swung around the vertical shaft 1 via the bearing 3. Further, the blades 18 attached to the hub 14 are always directed in the direction of the wind and rotate around the horizontal shaft 9 at a speed corresponding to the wind speed.

  The rotor 19 attached to the hub 14 is rotated by the rotation of the blades 18. The magnets 20 accompanying the rotation of the rotor 19 induce a voltage in the stator coils 10 of the stator 11. A single-phase (or three-phase) AC voltage is taken out through a cord (not shown) according to the winding form of each stator coil 10.

  The cord (not shown) passes through the cord guide 21 and is guided into the square tube 28 of the brush storage portion 27 and connected to the brushes. Each brush derives the voltage from the ring electrode 30 to the outside while being in sliding contact with the ring electrode 30 of the ring electrode holding member 31.

  On the other hand, when the wind speed increases, for example, when the set wind speed exceeds 30 m / s, the blade 18 rotates at a high speed and receives a large wind pressure. Therefore, when the set wind speed exceeds 30 m / s, the hub 14 is retreated against the repulsive force of the spring 16 on the horizontal shaft 9 according to the magnitude of the wind speed exceeding the set wind speed.

  As the hub 14 moves backward, the rotor 19 is displaced in the axial direction with respect to the stator 11. At the same time, the magnet 20 of the rotor 19 is similarly displaced in the axial direction with respect to the stator coil 10, and the degree of magnetic coupling between the stator coil 10 and the magnet 20 becomes weak.

  Therefore, the voltage induced in the stator coil 10 is also reduced. That is, when the wind speed exceeds the set value, it is possible to prevent the generated voltage from rising above a preset value. As a result, the capacity and size of the electrical system connected to the generator can be reduced. In order to prevent the generated voltage from rising above this set value, the repulsive force of the coil spring 16 is calculated in advance.

  The self-supporting frame B stably supports the wind power generator A with a single vertical shaft 21. But you may use a wire, a pile, and another holding member in order to fix the said self-supporting frame B to a roof or the ground as needed. The cord guide 21 stores a cord connecting the generator and the brush, and can prevent the cord from generating vibration and noise due to wind. Further, since the vertical shaft 1 is not exposed to the outside, the vibration and noise of the vertical shaft 1 itself can be prevented.

  The brush storage member 27 is provided on the movable side code guide 21a, and the code guide 21a is opposed to the ring-shaped electrode holding portion 31 below the fixed vertical shaft 1 so that the respective brushes and the ring-shaped electrode 30 are disposed. The generated voltage can be drawn to the outside.

  As described above, the body 4 rotatably supported by the vertical shaft 1, the horizontal shaft 9 horizontally supported by the body 4, the horizontal shaft 9 is rotatable, and is slidable in the horizontal axis direction. The hub 14 supported on the hub 14, the plurality of blades 18 attached around the hub 14, and a spring 16 provided on the horizontal shaft 9 so as to constantly bias the hub 14 toward the body. And a generator composed of the stator 11 attached to the body 4 and the rotor 19 attached to the hub 14 so as to face the stator 11, and when the wind speed exceeds a set value, The hub 14 is retracted along the horizontal axis 9 against the spring 16 by an increment, and the degree of magnetic coupling between the stator 11 and the rotor 19 is reduced, thereby increasing the wind speed. Also the vane 18 is rotated at a high speed Te, the stator coil 10 is not generating a high voltage higher than the design value. For this reason, it is not necessary to prepare an unnecessarily large and expensive wiring, electrical component, or facility in consideration of insulation and withstand voltage, and it can be safely used as a home power generation facility.

  In addition, when the balance weight 32 is arranged at the windward front end portion of the wind power generator A, the wind direction followability can be improved and the power generation efficiency can be improved.

  The present invention displaces the rotor magnet with respect to the stator coil of the stator when the wind speed is higher than the set wind speed, and suppresses the voltage obtained at the stator coil to be lower than the set voltage, thereby reducing the capacity and insulation of the electric system including the stator coil. It can be used for the purpose of simplifying the processing.

It is a perspective view which shows the wind power generator by embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which expands and shows the principal part of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the wind power generator shown in FIG. It is a whole perspective view of the wind power generator which shows another Example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vertical axis | shaft 4 Body 9 Horizontal axis | shaft 10 Stator coil 11 Stator 14 Hub 16 Spring 18 Blade | blade 19 Rotor 20 Magnet 21 Code guide 21a Code guide 27 Brush storage member 28 Square tube 30 Ring electrode 31 Ring electrode holding member 32 Balance weight

Claims (7)

A rotor equipped with a magnet is fixed integrally to a wind turbine having a down-blow type blade that rotates even when a slight wind speed is received, and the wind turbine and the rotor gradually become horizontal with respect to the horizontal axis when the wind speed exceeds the set rotation. A wind power generator characterized by having a spring that moves in a direction and that can reduce the degree of magnetic coupling with a stator coil fixed to the body, and controls power generation performance. A body rotatably supported by a vertical shaft, a horizontal shaft horizontally supported by the body, a hub rotatably supported by the horizontal shaft and slidable in the horizontal axis direction, and a periphery of the hub A plurality of blades attached to the body, a spring provided on the horizontal shaft so as to constantly urge the hub toward the body, a stator attached to the body, and the hub facing the stator. A generator comprising a rotor mounted thereon, and when the wind speed exceeds a set value, the hub is retracted along the horizontal axis against the spring by an increase in wind speed, and the stator coil of the stator and the The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, wherein the degree of magnetic coupling with the magnet of the rotor is reduced. The wind power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein upper and lower ends of the vertical shaft are supported by a self-supporting frame. The wind power generator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a cylindrical code guide that is rotatable with the body and has a streamlined cross section is provided on an outer periphery of a vertical shaft. The cord guide is provided with a brush connected to a cord introduced from the generator into the cord guide and a brush storage member having a square tube for storing the brush, and the vertical shaft is opposed to the brush storage member. The wind power generator according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein a ring-shaped electrode holding member having a ring-shaped electrode arranged so as to be in sliding contact with the brush is provided. The wind turbine generator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the blades of the windmill are detachable and the mounting angle can be freely changed. The wind power generator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, wherein a balance weight is disposed at a windward front end portion of the generator.

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