JP2007085182A - Vertical shaft type straight wing windmill having aerodynamic governor mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vertical shaft type straight wing windmill in which risk due to excessive rotation is eliminated, absolute safety under strong wind is secured, and starting performance at a standstill or during low rotation by improving the excessive rotation and the lowering of starting performance which are serious defects in a conventional vertical shaft type straight wing windmill. <P>SOLUTION: A movable blade is formed on at least a part of the wing of the vertical shaft type straight wing windmill. The windmill comprises a mechanism controlling the movable blade to a pitch angle at which a aerodynamically higher torque is generated at a standstill or during low rotation or a pitch angle at which the rotation is aerodynamically suppressed when the rational speed thereof exceeds a specified level. Desirably, the balance of a recovering force and a centrifugal force by a spring is utilized to control the pitch angle of the movable blade. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  More specifically, the present invention relates to a vertical axis linear turbine including a mechanism for aerodynamically adjusting the rotation of the wind turbine in order to improve over-rotation problems and low starting performance. It relates to a wing windmill.

  In general, wind turbines for wind power generation include horizontal axis type wind turbines whose rotation axis is horizontal with respect to the wind, as represented by Dutch type wind turbines, and vertical axes whose rotation axis is perpendicular to the wind. An axial wind turbine (that is, a vertical wind turbine) is known. The vertical wind turbine is classified into an effective type represented by a Savonius type and a lift type represented by a straight blade wind turbine (that is, a vertical straight wind turbine).

  Of these, the vertical axis straight-blade wind turbine is inferior in rotational startability to the horizontal axis wind turbine, but once it starts rotating, it continues to generate rotational torque as long as it receives wind, and the rotation increases at an accelerated rate. There is a feature to do. For this reason, the vertical-axis type linear blade wind turbine is regarded as promising as a wind turbine for power generation that is small and has high power generation capability, and it is considered that the spread of the vertical axis wind turbine will be further expanded by improving the startability in the future.

  However, on the other hand, since the rotational increase of the vertical linear wind turbine is accelerated, it leads to over-rotation that leads to failure and destruction, so that a suppression means is required.

Several means are already known for suppressing the over-rotation of the vertical axis type straight-blade wind turbine. For example, a method of applying a frictional force to the rotation shaft of the wind turbine to mechanically decelerate and stop, or connected to the wind turbine. A method of controlling a generator and decelerating and stopping by an eddy current has been put into practical use.
The above method is a principle that suppresses rotation by balancing the braking force and the rotational force by applying a braking force such as a frictional force or an eddy current brake to the rotational torque generated by receiving the wind. According to this principle, when the rotational torque continues to be generated by continuing to receive wind, the rotational force greatly exceeds the limit of the braking force, and the rotation may not be suppressed. For this reason, measures have been taken to stop the rotation of the windmill during extreme winds.

  In addition, as a means for suppressing over-rotation of a vertical-axis linear blade wind turbine that does not use the balance between braking force and rotational force, the rotational torque generated by the wind is reduced by changing the pitch angle of the movable blade as the movable blade. A method is known (for example, refer to Patent Document 1). Since this method does not apply a braking force, there is no need to consider the limit of the braking force, and therefore there is an advantage that it is possible to avoid as much as possible the stop of the windmill in a strong wind, that is, the stop of power generation. Further, since the pitch angle of the movable blade can be changed not only in a strong wind, there is an advantage that the rotational torque can be controlled even at the start.

  In the prior art, as a means for changing the pitch angle of the movable blades of the vertical type linear blade wind turbine, for example, as proposed in Patent Document 1, a device that requires the power of an electric motor such as a motor is known. This requires that an electric motor for changing the pitch angle be operated by a commercial power source or a storage battery that is an auxiliary to the power source, and may become uncontrollable due to a power failure of the commercial power source or a shortage of the storage battery voltage. In addition, the probability of a power outage is high during bad weather such as strong winds and storms, and maintenance is not easy when the weather deteriorates. For this reason, there has been a demand for a new vertical axis wind turbine that maintains safety and improves management.

JP-A-11-141453

  As a result of researches for realizing the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor has arrived at a technique for autonomously controlling the angle of the movable blade by the rotating operation of the windmill. That is, an object of the present invention is to adjust the pitch angle without using the power of an electric motor such as a motor in a vertical axis linear blade wind turbine that aerodynamically adjusts the rotation of the wind turbine by changing the pitch angle of the movable blade. And it is providing the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade wind turbine by which a pitch angle is autonomously controlled by the condition of rotation.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a vertical axis linear blade wind turbine characterized in that a movable blade is provided in at least a portion of the blade in the vertical axis linear blade wind turbine.
In the vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to the first aspect, as shown in FIG. 1, the movable blade 10 is movable with the movable blade shaft 11 as a fulcrum. The movable blade 10 changes the pitch angle with the movable blade shaft 11 as a fulcrum according to the rotation of the windmill. In addition, the movable wing does not necessarily occupy all parts of the wing, and may be a partial one like an airplane flap. Further, the number of blades is not limited to three as shown in FIG. 1, and a configuration in which movable blades and non-movable blades are mixed may be used.

In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a vertical axis linear blade according to the first aspect, wherein the movable blade is operable at a pitch angle that suppresses over-rotation of the wind turbine. Provide a windmill.
In the vertical type linear blade wind turbine according to the second aspect, in FIG. 1, when the movable blade tip on the rotational direction side is the front end portion and the movable blade tip in the opposite direction is the rear end portion 12, as shown in FIG. At the time of excessive rotation, the rear end portion 12 of the movable blade is directed in the direction opposite to the center of the rotating shaft from the direction parallel to the tangent to the center of the rotating shaft.

In a third aspect, the present invention is characterized in that, in the vertical linear blade wind turbine according to any one of the first or second aspects, the movable blade is operable at a pitch angle that improves the startability of the wind turbine. A vertical-axis type linear blade wind turbine is provided.
In the vertical type linear blade wind turbine according to the third aspect, as shown in FIG. 3, the rear end portion 12 of the movable blade is at the center of the rotation axis in a direction parallel to the tangential line of the rotation axis during stationary or low speed rotation. Turn to the direction.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wind turbine is used for the operation of the movable blade. Provide a straight-wing wind turbine.
In the vertical linear wind turbine according to the fourth aspect, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the wind turbine, for example, the centrifugal force applied to the rear end portion 12 of the movable blade can be used for the operation of the movable blade. Further, by incorporating a weight at the rear end of the movable wing, or by attaching a weight 40 on the blade extension of the rear end 12 of the movable wing, as shown in FIG. 4, the centrifugal force acting on the movable wing can be reduced. Can be strong.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a longitudinal linear blade turbine according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, characterized in that it has a mechanism in which the restoring force of the elastic body acts on the operation of the movable blade. An axial straight-wing wind turbine is provided.
In the vertical type linear blade wind turbine according to the fifth aspect, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, an elastic body 30 such as a spring is installed so that the rear end portion 12 of the movable blade is pulled in the direction of the rotation center. In addition, the elastic body can be installed separately from an elastic body that acts at the start of rotation of the windmill and an elastic body that acts when the rotation of the windmill is at an excessive speed.

In a sixth aspect, the present invention is a longitudinal linear blade wind turbine according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, characterized in that it has a mechanism in which the pitch angle of the movable blade changes autonomously by the rotational operation of the wind turbine. A vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine is provided.
In the vertical-axis linear blade wind turbine according to the sixth aspect, for example, the movable blade shaft is used as a fulcrum by the balance between the centrifugal force generated in the movable blade by the rotation of the wind turbine, the restoring force of the elastic body, and the wind force received by the movable blade. The pitch angle of the movable blade is determined autonomously.

In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a vertical straight line characterized in that in the vertical straight blade turbine according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, a plurality of movable blades operate in conjunction with each other. Provide wing wind turbines.
In the vertical linear wind turbine according to the seventh aspect, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, a plurality of movable blade ends and rings 21 circumscribing the rotating shaft are linked by a shaft 22, and the operations of the plurality of movable blades are performed. It interlocks via the rotation of the ring 21.

In an eighth aspect, the present invention relates to a vertical linear blade wind turbine according to the seventh aspect, wherein a mechanism in which a plurality of movable blades operate in conjunction with each other can operate all the movable blades symmetrically about the rotation axis. There is provided a vertical axis type straight-blade wind turbine characterized by being.
In the vertical straight-blade wind turbine according to the eighth aspect, the ring 21 and the movable blade are linked so that the angles of all the movable blades are equal with respect to the rotational axis.

In a ninth aspect, the present invention provides a power generator characterized by using the vertical straight-blade wind turbine according to any one of the first to eighth aspects as a power source for power generation.
In the power generation device according to the ninth aspect, for example, an auxiliary power source for a large-scale horizontal axis wind turbine or a power source for an area where overhead wiring is difficult can be used.

In a tenth aspect, the present invention provides a pump device characterized by using the vertical straight-blade wind turbine according to any one of the first to eighth aspects as a power source for fetching water.
The pump device according to the tenth aspect can be used for, for example, drawing water from a well or watering a field.

  According to the vertical type linear blade wind turbine of the present invention, it is possible to operate the wind turbine safely even in the event of a power failure because it does not require a power source for control and the over rotation can be autonomously suppressed by the mechanism of the wind turbine itself. it can. In addition, since the autonomous over-rotation suppression mechanism does not require manual operations such as stopping and storing when the weather suddenly changes to a strong wind, it can reduce the operating cost of the wind turbine that comes from labor costs. For this reason, installation in high places such as mountainous areas, building walls, steel towers, etc., where work is not easy, is effective. Further, the over-rotation suppressing mechanism of the present invention is not mechanical braking by frictional force but is an aerodynamic mechanism by blades that are absolute elements of a windmill, so that the structure is simple and can be made compact. This also leads to a reduction in manufacturing costs. In addition, the operation of the movable blade of the present invention is not limited to the suppression of over-rotation, but can improve startability.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited thereby.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to the first embodiment. This is a vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine in which a disk 50 is fixed to an upper part and a lower part of a rotating shaft 20 and a movable blade 10 is sandwiched between two disks 50 in parallel to the rotating shaft. The windmill is rotated by a bearing (not shown) circumscribing the rotating shaft 20. Further, the disc 50 is provided with a hole into which the movable blade shaft 11 is inserted, and the movable blade 10 operates with this hole as a fulcrum. The operating range of the movable blade 10 is limited by the extension shaft 13 of the rear end portion (movable blade end opposite to the rotation direction) of the movable blade being inscribed in the guide 51 provided on the disk 50. In addition, since the movable blade 10 is larger in weight than the front end (movable blade end on the rotation direction side) with respect to the movable blade shaft 11, the centrifugal force generated during the rotation of the movable blade 10 at the rear end is large. It becomes the operation which goes into the centrifugal direction. FIG. 8 shows a schematic view seen from the top of FIG.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to the second embodiment. In this configuration, a mechanism for autonomously controlling the operation of the movable blade is incorporated in the upper part of the disc 50 of the vertical linear blade turbine according to the first embodiment. An action rod 14 is fixed in a form connecting the movable blade shaft 11 and the extension shaft 13 of the rear end portion of the movable blade, and a weight 40 is fixed to the end of the action blade 14 on the rear end side of the movable blade. Further, a ring 21 is circumscribed on the rotary shaft 20, and the action rod 14 and the ring 21 are linked by a shaft 22. By performing the above link for each movable blade, the operations of the plurality of movable blades can be linked through rotation of the ring 21.
An elastic body 31 that fixes one end on the disc 50 is connected to the ring 21. The elastic body 31 is a spring that generates a restoring force for contraction, and transmits the restoring force to the ring 21 so that the action rod 14 is pulled inward via the shaft 22. The ring 21 is stationary at a position where the extension shaft 13 becomes the limit in the inner direction of the guide 51 in a stationary state of the windmill in which centrifugal force is not generated. By stationary at this position, the movable wing is in a direction in which it is easy to receive wind force as rotational force.

  When the windmill begins to rotate in response to wind, centrifugal force is generated in the weight 40 and the movable blade, and the force is applied to the outside with the movable blade shaft 11 as a fulcrum. The angle of the movable blade is autonomously determined by the balance between the centrifugal force and the restoring force to be contracted by the elastic body 31. FIG. 10 shows a state diagram in which the movable wing is held outward and the action rod 14 is in contact with the elastic body 32. The elastic body 32 is a spring that generates a restoring force of elongation, and the end in the outer direction of the windmill is fixed on the disc 50. The state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is the natural length state of the elastic body 32.

  When the rotation further increases from the state of FIG. 10, the centrifugal force generated in the weight 40 and the movable wing increases, and the movable wing is moved outward while the elastic body 32 is contracted. FIG. 11 shows a state in which the movable wing is caught outward. The movable wings are not easily received as a rotational force by being caught on the outside, so that the increase in rotation is suppressed.

It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade | wing windmill which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade windmill which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade windmill which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is the schematic of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade windmill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade windmill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is the schematic of the vertical axis | shaft type linear blade windmill which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Movable wing | blade 11 ... Movable wing axis | shaft 12 ... Rear end part 13 of movable wing | blade ... Extension shaft 14 of rear end part of movable wing | wing ... Action rod 20 ... Rotating shaft 21 ... Ring 22 ... Shaft 30 ... Elastic body 31 ... Elastic body (For start-up)
32 ... Elastic body (for over rotation)
40 ... Weight 50 ... Disc 51 ... Guide

Claims (10)

A vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine comprising a movable blade in at least a part of the blade. 2. The vertical axis linear blade wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the movable blade is operable at a pitch angle that suppresses over-rotation of the wind turbine. The vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the movable blade is operable at a pitch angle that improves startability of the wind turbine. 4. The vertical axis linear blade wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein a centrifugal force generated by rotation of the wind turbine is used for operating the movable blade. The vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a mechanism in which a restoring force of an elastic body acts on the operation of the movable blade. The vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine has a mechanism in which the pitch angle of the movable blade changes autonomously by the rotation operation of the wind turbine. The vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a mechanism in which a plurality of movable blades operate in conjunction with each other. The vertical axis type linear blade wind turbine according to claim 7, wherein the mechanism in which the plurality of movable blades operate in conjunction with each other can operate all the movable blades symmetrically about the rotation axis. Straight wing windmill. A power generator using the vertical straight-blade wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as a power source for power generation. A pump device using the vertical linear wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 as a power source for pumping water.