JP2007058409A - Project management system, program of the system, and recording medium with the program recorded thereon - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To support by objective data to a person in a position managing a project by exhibiting measures to risk predicted with generation on the basis of similarity to a situation of the project stored as a history. <P>SOLUTION: A similarity decision part 4 performs decision of a high-similarity project, a high-similarity situation in the project, and high-similarity risk to each piece of data stored as history data from properties (a development period, a scale, the number of persons, skill of a development member, and restriction of a place or the like) or a situation (scheduled man-hours, results man-hours, product results, and the number of occurring failures or the like) of the project. A notification data extraction part 6 selects the measures recognized with effect of a prescribed level or above, to the risk decided that the similarity is high in the situation decided that the similarity is high in the project decided that the similarity is high, and notifies a user by a display part 81 or a mail transmission part 82. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a project management system for providing support in project progress management by a computer, a program of the system, and a recording medium on which the program is recorded.

  In recent years, due to the complexity and sophistication of functions required for various products, the scale of various projects such as software product development projects has increased, and in order to quickly bring out products to the world, shortening of the development period is required. Due to this tendency, the success or failure of a project may be determined not only by the skill and productivity of the person in charge, but also by the method of project management.

  For example, there is a need for a project that accurately grasps the status and status of the current project and responds quickly. In addition, project management methods are required to be centralized and efficient rather than relying on individual skills.

  Also, in Patent Document 1, an attempt is made to quickly detect a project with signs of exceeding the planned cost / period and to reuse past know-how for the purpose of grasping the status of the project and improving the efficiency of the corresponding work. It has been.

Further, Patent Documents 2 and 3 previously filed by the present applicant show a technique for managing progress by visually managing output documents.
JP 2003-196447 A JP 2003-108735 A JP 2003-141320 A

However, in conventional project sites, measures are taken based on intuition and experience gained from past projects by project managers.
In particular,
・ The range of choice of countermeasures is limited to the scope of my own experience.
-Measures based on successful experiences are taken from the problem phenomenon without considering the difference in environmental factors.
・ Measures are selected based on unclear criteria.
As a result, there is a possibility that the situation that the sufficient effect of the countermeasure cannot be obtained or the know-how is not accumulated is generated.

  Moreover, in the thing of the patent document 1 mentioned above, based on the similarity with the situation of the project stored as a history, it was not considered even about presenting a countermeasure with respect to the risk that occurrence is predicted. .

  In the above-mentioned Patent Documents 2 and 3, the progress of the project status is only determined by the output document, and consideration is given to presenting countermeasures against risks based on the similarity of the status. It wasn't.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation. Based on the similarity to the situation of the project stored as a history, the project is presented by presenting a countermeasure against a risk that is expected to occur. It is an object of the present invention to provide a project management system capable of providing support by objective data to a person in charge of management, a program of the system, and a recording medium recording the program.

  In order to achieve such an object, a project management system as a first aspect of the present invention includes a history storage means for storing a history of data relating to project progress, and a similarity between the target and other items of the same item. Similarity determination means for determining whether or not the similarity is high, and determination that the similarity is high in the situation where the similarity is determined to be high in the project determined to be high by the similarity determination means It is characterized by comprising data extraction means for extracting countermeasures against the risk that has been extracted from data stored in the history storage means, and notification means for notifying the countermeasures extracted by the data extraction means.

  The data extraction means described above includes a history storage means for cost information, problem information, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure together with a countermeasure for the risk determined to be high by the similarity determination means. It is preferable to extract from.

  It comprises an effectiveness calculation means for calculating the effectiveness of the countermeasure extracted by the data extraction means based on the data stored in the history storage means, and the notification means described above together with the countermeasure extracted by the data extraction means It is preferable to notify the effectiveness calculated by the effectiveness calculation means.

  The program of the project management system as the second aspect of the present invention is a program of a project management system provided with a history storage means for storing a history of data relating to project progress, A similarity determination process that determines whether or not the similarity between other items of the same item is high, and a situation where the similarity is determined to be high in a project that is determined to be high by the similarity determination process Data extraction processing for extracting countermeasures against risks determined to have high similarity from data stored in the history storage means, and notification processing for notifying the countermeasures extracted by the data extraction processing It is characterized by.

  In the data extraction process described above, the history storage means stores cost information, problem information, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure together with a countermeasure for the risk determined to be high by the similarity determination process. It is preferable to extract from.

  Let the computer execute the effectiveness calculation process for calculating the effectiveness of the countermeasure extracted by the above-described data extraction process based on the data stored in the history storage means, and the above-described notification process extracts by the data extraction process It is preferable to notify the effectiveness calculated by the effectiveness calculation process together with the measures taken.

  A recording medium recording a program of the project management system as the third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the program of the project management system as the second aspect described above is recorded.

  As described above, according to the present invention, a person in a position to manage a project by presenting a countermeasure against a risk that is expected to occur based on the similarity with the project status stored as a history. Can be supported by objective data.

  Next, an embodiment in which a project management system according to the present invention, a program of the system, and a recording medium recording the program are applied to a project management system used in a software development project will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. .

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a project management system as an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the project management system according to the present embodiment stores various history data relating to an ongoing or already completed project in a data storage unit 9 and uses the history data to manage a management index generation unit 1. The evaluation result generation unit 2, the risk determination unit 3, the similarity determination unit 4, the effectiveness calculation unit 5, and the like perform respective processes.

When the project progresses, the automatic recording unit 71 displays project-related information such as a risk countermeasure plan, cost information, issue information, risk information in the ongoing project, and the nature of the project (development period / scale / number, development member's (Skills, place restrictions, etc.) and status (scheduled man-hours, actual man-hours, deliverables actual results, number of faults, etc.) are stored in the data storage unit 9 as history data.
The risk countermeasure information described above may be input by the user according to the progress of the project through the input unit 72.

The user of this project management system may be, for example, a project manager for each project and an advanced manager for managing a plurality of projects.
In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, when three projects are in progress, the project manager of project A, the project manager of project B, the project manager of project C, and the senior manager who monitors those projects are used. Become a target person.

The input to this system is the various products that do not appear in the deliverables of each project and other deliverables.
Examples of the input data include requirement specifications, design specifications, risk list, source code amount, output quality, number of test digests, number of software defects found, member skills, man-hours, cost, and the like.
These data may be input by the user from the input unit 72, or may be transmitted from an information device connected via a network.

In the project management system according to the present embodiment, the management index generation unit 1 generates a management index and the evaluation result generation unit 2 generates a project evaluation based on the above-described input data and history data.
For example, the risk management index, the source code completion rate, the test digestion rate, the number of software defects found, the member skills, etc. are the management indexes.

Such management indices include, for example, scheduling, cost, product quality, human skills, risk management, and the like.
How to manage them is important for a successful project. In particular, how to accurately predict problems (risks) that affect quality, costs, and schedules that occur during the course of the project, and to take measures to avoid or minimize the impact of the occurrence, will make the project successful. It is an important point to guide.

The project management system according to the present embodiment has a function of calculating such a management index and project evaluation and notifying the user.
For example, the test digestion rate as the management index is calculated based on the data stored in the data storage unit 9 as the ratio of the number of test cases that have been executed to the number of test cases that are scheduled to be executed. That is, in this case, the number of test cases to be executed and the number of test cases that have been executed are stored in the data storage unit 9 in association with the specific information (identification code, name, etc.) that specifies the project.
Note that the management index calculation method described above is not limited to the above-described method as long as it can be calculated, and various calculation methods may be used. Various calculation methods may be used for the evaluation result calculation method.

The risk determination unit 3 determines the failure probability and risk of the project based on these management indexes. That is, the difference between the index value and the planned value is calculated, the past probability data in the data storage unit 9 is referred to, and the failure probability is based on the correlation with the project having a high similarity calculated by the similarity determination unit 4 Is calculated.
Note that other methods may be used as the method for calculating the degree of risk as long as it can be calculated.

The similarity determination unit 4 determines, for example, by the following algorithm whether or not the target project and other projects in the same item are highly similar, such as the target project and other projects. .
There are various items such as the above-mentioned project, the nature of the project, the situation, the risk that is expected to occur in that situation, etc. as items for judging this similarity. The similarity determination unit 4 expresses the similarity of the nature of the project and the situation as a numerical value (referred to as similarity), and determines that it is “similar” when the value is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold.

The above-mentioned similarity between projects is calculated as a sum of values obtained by multiplying the similarity of each property or situation by a predetermined coefficient. The similarity between individual properties and situations is calculated as a difference or ratio between the numerical values of the individual properties and situations.
In addition, properties and situations that are not originally expressed as numerical values are converted into numerical values based on level values by defining levels.

  The notification data extraction unit 6 is based on the request from the user or the system setting, the data calculated by each of the above-described functional parts, the countermeasure plan for the risk in the course of the project, the cost information required when the countermeasure is implemented, Data to be notified to the user, such as problem information to be considered and risk information associated with the implementation of countermeasures, is extracted and notified by display on the display unit 81 or mail transmission by the mail transmission unit 82.

In extracting the notification information such as the above-mentioned countermeasure plan and risk information, the notification data extraction unit 6 firstly sends the similarity determination unit 4 to the project property and situation based on the history data stored in the data storage unit 9. The degree of similarity is calculated. The risk judged to be high in the project judged to be high in the situation judged to be high in the situation judged to be high is the risk that is expected to occur in the target project. The risk and the countermeasure plan for the risk are extracted.
The display for notifying the extracted data and mail transmission may take any form. For example, the display format may be different for each management index.

FIG. 2 is a UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagram showing a data structure in the project management system according to the present embodiment.
In the example shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the information shown in FIG. 2 is provided for each of Project A, Project B, and Project C shown in the example of FIG. The automatic recording unit 71 incorporates the above-mentioned deliverables and other various data from each ongoing project into the history data. These input data are input unconsciously to the user who performs the operation.

For example, if the risk list information is updated, the data is input to the history data in the data storage unit 9, and if there is a database for managing the number of software defects, it is automatically linked to that database. The recording unit 71 automatically inputs data into the history data.
More specifically, for example, various data input to the history data, such as risks in each project and countermeasures against the risks, specific information (identification code, name, etc.) for identifying the project, and the characteristics of the project described above. The automatic recording unit 71 automatically records in association with the situation. The input to the history data may be input by the user from the input unit 72 or may be another input method.

The history data in the data storage unit 9 has the following configuration.
-Nature of the project-perceived risk
・ Risk information (importance, impact, possibility of occurrence, timing of realization, etc.)
・ Project status at that time
・ Measures implemented
・ Risks arising from implementation of measures-Cost-Issues-Risk
・ Measures implemented (effectiveness)

This mechanism allows the system to keep track of project trends.
Further, the project management system according to the present embodiment accumulates various project data and knowledge. Therefore, administration across multiple projects is possible. In addition, the system itself can evolve, and by continuing to use it, it will be possible to notify more accurate support information for measures, cost information, issues, risk information, etc. .

  Thus, the project manager can obtain the quantified management index and the evaluation result of the project by the project management system as the above-described embodiment, and can use it for grasping the current situation of the project and making a decision.

Next, the operation of the project management system as this embodiment will be described.
First, a first operation example in the case where the project management system according to the present embodiment notifies a user of a plurality of countermeasures against the risk of project progress that is predicted to occur will be described.

In the first operation example, a countermeasure plan for a problem (risk) that is predicted to occur from past project data stored as history data in the data storage unit 9 is presented to the user.
Here, it is assumed that a countermeasure method for a risk having a high similarity in a project having a high similarity in nature and current situation is selected and presented from the countermeasures for the same type of phenomenon that has occurred in the past.

As an example, a case in which a delay in pure development progress (not a delay due to work waiting or rework) has occurred will be described.
When a trigger for starting an action to present a countermeasure for risk is input, the similarity determination unit 4 determines the nature of the project (development period / scale / number, development member skills, location restrictions, etc.) and status (planned) For each data stored as historical data, it is determined whether the project has high similarity, high similarity in the project, risk of high similarity, etc. Do it.
Then, the notification data extraction unit 6 has an effect of a predetermined level or more on the risk determined to be high in the situation where the similarity is determined to be high in the project determined to be high in similarity. Is selected and notified to the user by the display unit 81 or the mail transmission unit 82.
This countermeasure method includes, for example, adding development personnel, extending the development period, and reducing the development scope.

  As for the start trigger and the notification method to the user, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, if the instruction input for countermeasure presentation is input from the input unit 72, it is extracted as described above. The countermeasure method may be displayed on the display unit 81.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3B, when a new risk is recognized due to a change in the project status, for example, it is automatically sent to a preset user such as a manager of the corresponding project. You may be comprised so that it may notify by performing mail transmission.
Thus, the combination of the start trigger and the notification method to the user may be a combination of various methods as long as the combination is a preset method.

  As described above, according to the project management system according to the present embodiment, a countermeasure plan for a risk in project progress that is predicted to occur is extracted based on the historical data so far, and a project manager or the like in the project is predetermined. Therefore, it is possible to support the examination of effects, impacts, costs, and selection of an appropriate plan by implementing objectives in project management by presenting objective data.

Next, a second operation example by the project management system as the present embodiment will be described.
The second operation example is a countermeasure plan for a problem (risk) that is predicted to occur from past project data stored in the data storage unit 9 as history data, and points for studying the countermeasure plan Is presented. The points for this examination include, for example, cost information required at the time of implementing the countermeasure, problem information to be considered, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure.

  Here, out of the countermeasures for the same type of phenomenon that occurred in the past, select the countermeasure method for the risk determined to have high similarity in the project that was determined to be similar in nature and current situation, At the same time, the project will extract both the nature and status of the project that have a relevance of the countermeasure effect and a predetermined level or more, and notify the user.

As an example, as in the first operation example described above, a case where a pure development progress delay (not a delay due to work waiting or rework) has occurred will be described.
When a trigger for starting an action to present a countermeasure for risk is input, the similarity determination unit 4 determines the nature of the project (development period / scale / number, development member skills, location restrictions, etc.) and status (planned) For each data stored as historical data, it is determined whether the project has high similarity, high similarity in the project, risk of high similarity, etc. Do it.
Then, the notification data extraction unit 6 has an effect of a predetermined level or more on the risk determined to be high in the situation where the similarity is determined to be high in the project determined to be high in similarity. Is selected and notified to the user by the display unit 81 or the mail transmission unit 82.
This countermeasure method includes, for example, adding development personnel, extending the development period, and reducing the development scope.

Together
・ Detailed level of development process and enhancement of additional personnel list at that time (related to additional development personnel)
・ Loss of business opportunity due to change of release time (related to extension of development period)
・ Possibility of external development of some modules (related to scope reduction)
The notification data extraction unit 6 extracts information regarding the status of the project effective for the examination of the countermeasure plan from the history data and notifies the user.

  The combination of the start trigger and the method for notifying the user may be a combination of various methods as long as the combination is a preset method, as in the first operation example described above.

As described above, according to the second operation example described above, the cost information necessary for implementing the countermeasure, the problem information to be considered, and the implementation of the countermeasure, as well as the countermeasure plan for the risk of project progress that is predicted to occur. Information that becomes a point for studying countermeasure proposals such as risk information that accompanies can be extracted based on the historical data so far and notified to a predetermined user such as a project manager in the project.
For this reason, it is possible to support the examination of effects, impacts, costs, and selection of an appropriate plan in implementing measures for project management by presenting objective data.

Next, a third operation example by the project management system as the present embodiment will be described.
The third operation example is a countermeasure plan for a problem (risk) that is predicted to occur from past project data stored in the data storage unit 9 as history data, and points for studying the countermeasure plan Is presented. As a point for this examination, in addition to what was mentioned above in the 1st, 2nd operation example, the effectiveness of a countermeasure plan is shown.

  Here, out of the countermeasures for the same type of phenomenon that occurred in the past, select the countermeasure method for the risk determined to have high similarity in the project that was determined to be similar in nature and current situation, At the same time, the project will extract both the nature and status of the project that have a relevance of the countermeasure effect and a predetermined level or more, and notify the user.

As an example, as in the first and second operation examples described above, a case where a pure development progress delay (not a delay due to work waiting or rework) has occurred will be described.
When a trigger for starting an action to present a countermeasure for risk is input, the similarity determination unit 4 determines the nature of the project (development period / scale / number, development member skills, location restrictions, etc.) and status (planned) For each data stored as historical data, it is determined whether the project has high similarity, high similarity in the project, risk of high similarity, etc. Do it.
Then, the notification data extraction unit 6 has an effect of a predetermined level or more on the risk determined to be high in the situation where the similarity is determined to be high in the project determined to be high in similarity. Is selected and notified to the user by the display unit 81 or the mail transmission unit 82.
This countermeasure method includes, for example, adding development personnel, extending the development period, and reducing the development scope.

Together
・ Detailed level of development process and enhancement of additional personnel list at that time (related to additional development personnel)
・ Loss of business opportunity due to change of release time (related to extension of development period)
・ Possibility of external development of some modules (related to scope reduction)
The notification data extraction unit 6 extracts information regarding the status of the project effective for the examination of the countermeasure plan from the history data.

  Further, the effectiveness calculation unit 5 determines the past as the effectiveness of the measure based on the execution result of the measure determined to be highly similar by the similarity determination unit 4 in the data stored in the history data. Calculate the success probability distribution.

The success probability distribution and the extracted content described above are extracted by the notification data extraction unit 6 and notified to the user.
About the combination of a start trigger and the notification method to a user, as long as it is a combination of the preset method similarly to the 1st, 2nd example of operation mentioned above, it may be a combination of various methods.

As described above, according to the third operation example described above, the cost information necessary for implementing the countermeasure, the problem information to be considered, and the implementation of the countermeasure, as well as the proposed countermeasure for the risk of the project progress that is expected to occur. Information that becomes a point for considering a countermeasure plan such as risk information and effectiveness of the countermeasure plan can be extracted based on the history data so far and notified to a predetermined user such as a project manager in the project.
For this reason, it is possible to support the examination of effects, impacts, costs, and selection of an appropriate plan in implementing measures for project management by presenting objective data.

As described above, according to the project management system as the present embodiment, it is possible to present a plurality of countermeasures against a problem (risk) in project progress that is predicted to occur.
Thus, it is possible for the project manager to select a countermeasure method from a wide range of options by presenting a plurality of countermeasure proposals that the system determines to be effective for a problem that is predicted to occur in the project.

In addition, the system holds cost information necessary for implementing the countermeasure, problem information to be considered, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure, and can present these three pieces of information regarding the countermeasure plan.
In this way, for a problem that is predicted to occur in a project, the system manager presents points for selection together with a countermeasure plan, so that the project manager can appropriately select a countermeasure method.

Moreover, it has a means for calculating the effectiveness of the extracted countermeasure plan based on the information held by the system, and this effectiveness can be presented.
In this way, for a problem that is predicted to occur in the project, the system manager presents the effectiveness together with the countermeasure plan, so that the project manager can appropriately select the countermeasure method.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, a project management system that enables selection of a countermeasure method based on an objective standard regardless of the subjectivity of a project manager is provided for a risk that is expected to occur during the progress of a project. can do.

Each of the above-described embodiments is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, the case where the trigger for starting the process is an instruction input by the user and the case where a new risk recognition has occurred have been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the process is triggered by various triggers such as periodically. It may be started.

  Moreover, although the display by the display part 81 and the mail transmission by the mail transmission part 82 were demonstrated as a notification means to a user, if it can notify, it will not be limited to these, For example, it notifies by audio | voice or other data communication Any notification method may be used.

In the above-described embodiment, a plurality of projects are targeted. Of course, the present invention can be applied to a single project.
In addition, the present invention relates to a management technology for a development project, particularly a countermeasure for a problem that is predicted to occur in an ongoing project, for example, a project management tool, a project management mechanism, a project office, project management support, It can be applied to various projects such as project management education and project consulting.

  In addition, the project management system according to the present embodiment may be realized by a single information processing apparatus. For example, a terminal including an input unit and a display unit and a server including other functional units are connected to each other. Such a system may be realized by a system in which a plurality of devices are connected.

  In addition, the project management related to the ongoing project is performed by another system, and the project management system according to the present embodiment receives the input of deliverables and other data from the system and stores it as history data. The structure which implement | achieves each function may be sufficient.

Further, by recording the processing procedure for realizing the project management system as each embodiment described above as a program on a recording medium, the above-described functions according to each embodiment of the present invention are supplied from the recording medium. The program can be realized by causing a CPU of a computer constituting the system to perform processing.
In this case, the present invention can be applied even when an information group including a program is supplied to the output device from the above recording medium or from an external recording medium via a network.
That is, the program code itself read from the recording medium realizes the novel function of the present invention, and the recording medium storing the program code and the signal read from the recording medium constitute the present invention. It will be.
As this recording medium, for example, an arbitrary recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk, hard disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, CD-ROM, CD-R, magnetic tape, nonvolatile memory card, ROM, EEPROM, etc. May be used.

  According to the program according to the present invention, each function in the project management system as each embodiment according to the present invention described above can be realized by a computer controlled by the program.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the project management system as embodiment of this invention. It is a UML class diagram showing the data structure of the system. It is a flowchart which shows the operation example based on a response | compatibility with a start trigger and a notification destination.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Management index production | generation part 2 Evaluation result production | generation part 3 Risk determination part 4 Similarity determination part 5 Effectiveness calculation part 6 Notification data extraction part 71 Automatic recording part 72 Input part 81 Display part (an example of a notification means)
82 Mail sending section (an example of notification means)

Claims (7)

A history storage means for storing a history of data relating to project progress;
Similarity determination means for determining whether or not the similarity between the target item and the others of the same item is high;
Measures against risks determined to have high similarity in a situation where the similarity is determined to be high in a project determined to be high by the similarity determination means are stored in the history storage means Data extraction means for extracting from the data;
A project management system comprising: notification means for notifying the countermeasure extracted by the data extraction means.   The data extraction unit stores the history of cost information, issue information, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure, together with the countermeasure for the risk determined to be high by the similarity determination unit. The project management system according to claim 1, wherein the project management system is extracted from the means. An effectiveness calculation means for calculating the effectiveness of the countermeasure extracted by the data extraction means based on the data stored in the history storage means;
3. The project management system according to claim 1, wherein the notifying unit notifies the effectiveness calculated by the effectiveness calculating unit together with the countermeasure extracted by the data extracting unit. A project management system program comprising a history storage means for storing a history of data relating to project progress,
On the computer,
A similarity determination process for determining whether the similarity between the target item and the other items in the same item is high;
Measures against risks determined to have high similarity in a situation where the similarity is determined to be high in the project determined to be high by the similarity determination processing are stored in the history storage unit A data extraction process to extract from the data;
A program for a project management system, which executes a notification process for notifying a countermeasure extracted by the data extraction process.   In the data extraction process, together with a countermeasure for the risk determined to have high similarity by the similarity determination process, cost information, problem information, and risk information associated with the implementation of the countermeasure are stored in the history. 5. The program of the project management system according to claim 4, wherein the program is extracted from the means. In the computer,
Executing an effectiveness calculation process for calculating the effectiveness of the countermeasure extracted by the data extraction process based on the data stored in the history storage means;
6. The program for a project management system according to claim 4, wherein the notification process notifies the effectiveness calculated by the effectiveness calculation process together with the measures extracted by the data extraction process.   7. A recording medium storing a project management system program according to claim 4, wherein the project management system program according to claim 4 is recorded.

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