JP2006516043A - Mat for mounting pollution control elements in a pollution control device for exhaust gas treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

Suitable for use with an internal combustion engine (eg, a diesel engine), including a pollution control element arranged in a case with a nonwoven mounting mat, the nonwoven mounting mat being disposed between the case and the pollution control element A non-intumescent mat comprising at least 90% by weight of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers having a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and a length of 0.5 to 15 cm, based on the total weight of the mat, the glass fibers being needle punched or stitched A pollution control device that is bonded and the mat is free or substantially free of organic binder.

Description

  The present invention relates to a pollution control apparatus including a mounting mat for mounting a pollution control element in the pollution control apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to a pollution control device for exhaust treatment of an internal combustion engine (for example, a diesel engine). The mounting mat of the pollution control device can be designed to be particularly suitable for low temperature applications such as diesel catalytic converters or other pollution control elements adapted to reduce pollution from diesel engine exhaust.

  The diesel pollution control device includes a catalytic converter and a diesel particulate filter or trap. The pollution control device usually has a metal casing or case and a pollution control element that is fixedly mounted in the case by an elastic flexible mounting mat. Pollution control devices are commonly used in automobiles to control air pollution. Two types of devices are currently widely used: catalytic converters and diesel particulate filters. Catalytic converters contain a catalyst and are typically coated on a monolithic structure mounted within a metal housing. Metal monoliths are also used, but the monolithic structure is generally ceramic. The catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduces nitrogen oxides in automobile exhaust to control air pollution.

  Diesel particulate filters or traps are wall flow filters with a honeycomb monolithic structure that are typically made from porous crystalline ceramic materials. The alternating cells of the honeycomb structure are typically plugged so that the exhaust gas enters one cell and is pushed through the porous wall to the adjacent cell to exit the structure. In this way, small soot particles present in the diesel exhaust gas are collected.

  Monoliths used in pollution control devices, particularly ceramic pollution control monoliths, are brittle and are susceptible to damage and breakage due to vibration and impact. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is usually much smaller than the metal housing in which it is contained. That is, as the pollution control device is heated, the space between the inner peripheral wall of the housing and the outer wall of the monolith increases. Even if the temperature change of the metal casing is small due to the insulating effect of the mat, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal casing is large, so that it expands to a large peripheral size faster than the expansion of the monolithic element. Such thermal cycling occurs hundreds of times during the lifetime and use of the pollution control device.

  To prevent damage to the ceramic monolith due to road impact and vibration, compensate for thermal expansion differences, and prevent exhaust gas from flowing between the monolith and the metal housing (bypassing the catalyst), the mounting mat is made of ceramic monolith and metal. Arranged between housings. These mats must provide enough pressure to hold the monolith in place over the desired temperature range, but not so great as to damage the ceramic monolith.

  Many mounting mats in the industry have been developed to implement catalytic converters for exhaust treatment from gasoline engines operated at high temperatures. Known mounting mats include ceramic fiber, intumescent material, and inflatable sheet material composed of organic and / or inorganic binders. Inflatable sheet materials useful for mounting a catalytic converter in a housing include, for example, US Pat. No. 3,916,057 (Hatch et al.), US Pat. No. 4,305,992. (Langer et al.), 5,151,253 (Merry et al.), 5,250,269 (Langer) and No. 5,736,109 (Howorth et al.). In recent years, non-expandable mats composed of polycrystalline ceramic fibers and binders are particularly used for so-called ultra-thin wall monoliths, which are very low in strength due to very thin cell walls. Non-inflatable mats include, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,011,651 (Bradbury et al.), 4,929,429 (Merry), ibid. 5,028,397 (Merry), 5,996,228 (Shoji et al.) And 5,580,532 (Robinson et al. ( And those described in Robinson et al.)). Because polycrystalline fibers are much more expensive than conventional melt-formed ceramic fibers, mats using these fibers are used only when absolutely necessary, for example, ultra-thin wall monoliths.

  US Pat. No. 5,290,522 describes a catalytic converter having a non-woven mounting mat comprising at least 60% by weight of shot-free high strength magnesium aluminosilicate glass fibers having a diameter greater than 5 micrometers. Yes. The mounting mats taught in this reference are primarily for high temperature applications, as can be seen from the test data of the examples that give the mat an exhaust gas temperature above 700 ° C.

  U.S. Pat. No. 5,380,580 includes (a) 60 to about 85 weight percent aluminum oxide and 40 to about 15 weight percent based on the total weight of aluminosilicate fiber that is at least 20 weight percent crystalline. A shot-free oxide ceramic fiber selected from the group consisting of: aluminosilicate fiber containing 1% silicon oxide; (b) crystal quartz fiber; and (c) a mixture of (a) and (b), A flexible nonwoven mat is described wherein the combined weight of the aluminosilicate fiber and the crystalline quartz fiber is at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the nonwoven mat. The flexible non-woven mat is further selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, carbon fiber, silicon nitride fiber, glass fiber, stainless steel fiber, brass fiber, fugitive fiber and mixtures thereof. Strength fibers can be included.

  Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) are used in modern diesel engines to oxidize the soluble organic fraction (SOF) of the emitted diesel particulates. Due to the very low exhaust gas temperature, the mounting of DOC with conventional mounting materials is problematic. The exhaust gas of modern diesel engines such as turbocharged direct injection (TDI) engines does not exceed 300 ° C. This temperature is lower than that required to expand most expansion mats. Expansion is necessary to generate and maintain the proper pressure in the catalytic converter. Furthermore, this temperature is too low to burn out the organic binder contained in the expanded mat material. At these temperatures, the binder only softens, preventing the elasticity of the ceramic fibers. As a result, when a conventional expansion mounting mat is used, electric field breakdown occurs in DOC. In order to avoid these problems, the converter may be heat treated prior to mounting to expand the meteorite and burn out the binder. This is expensive and time consuming. The use of an auxiliary wire mesh “L” seal not only increases the retention of the expansion mat at low temperatures, but also increases cost and assembly complexity. Most non-intumescent mats that perform somewhat well still contain an organic binder and greatly reduce the elasticity of the fiber in the temperature range of 200-300 ° C. This is believed to be true for other diesel exhaust pollution control devices including lean NOx catalysts, continuous regeneration traps (CRT) and NOx traps.

  US Pat. No. 6,231,818 attempts to avoid the problem of implementing a low temperature diesel catalyst by using a non-expanded mat composed of amorphous inorganic fibers. Although this patent teaches that the mat can be organic binder free, it is believed that some of the mats used in the examples require the use of large amounts of binder. Furthermore, the mounting mat disclosed in this US patent cannot adequately handle exhaust from diesel engines, particularly TDI engines.

  Thus, it has been desired to find an alternative mounting mat for mounting a diesel pollution control monolith in a metal case of a pollution control device for treating exhaust from a diesel engine. In particular, it has been desired to obtain such an improved mounting mat that can be manufactured in an easy and simple manner at an affordable cost. Furthermore, it has been desired to find a mounting mat that exhibits good to excellent performance in at least one of a fixed condition test (RCFT), a periodic compression test, and a thermal vibration test. The mounting mat should also be acceptable for health, safety and environmental aspects.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, a nonwoven non-intumescent mat comprising at least 90% by weight of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers having a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and a length of 0.5 to 15 cm, based on the total weight of the mat. Thus, the glass fibers are needle punched or stitch bonded and the mat is provided with a nonwoven non-intumescent mat that is free or substantially free of organic binder. “Substantially free” means that the amount of binder is 1 wt% or less, preferably 0.5 wt% or less, based on the weight of the mat. The mat is used in a pollution control device for exhaust treatment of an internal combustion engine (for example, a diesel engine) of a machine. The engine is included in a stationary machine such as a generator or an automobile. The mounting mat generally mounts a pollution control element (for example, a diesel pollution control monolith) on a casing (for example, a metal case) of a pollution control device, and is disposed between the case and the pollution control element.

  According to a particular aspect, a mat for mounting a pollution control element (eg, a diesel pollution control monolith) on a pollution control device housing (eg, a metal case), the mat having a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and a length. A non-intumescent mat comprising 0.5 to 15 cm of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber based on the total weight of the mat, the glass fiber being needle punched or stitch bonded, the mat being an organic binder A mat is provided that includes at least two layers of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers that are free of or substantially free of glass, and the glass fiber compositions of the two layers are different. The mat according to this aspect has been found to be particularly suitable for optimizing the performance and manufacturing costs of a pollution control device mounting mat for diesel engine exhaust.

  In another aspect of the invention, a method of treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine (eg, a diesel engine) by providing exhaust gas to the pollution control device, the pollution control device comprising a nonwoven mounting mat. Including a pollution control element (eg, a diesel pollution control monolith) arranged in a housing (eg, a metal case), wherein the nonwoven mounting mat is disposed between the case and the pollution control element and has a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and A non-intumescent mat containing at least 90% by weight of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber having a length of 0.5 to 15 cm, based on the total weight of the mat, the glass fiber being needle punched or stitch bonded and the mat being organic A method is provided that is free or substantially free of binder.

  The term “diesel pollution control monolith” refers to a monolithic structure that is suitable and / or adapted to reduce pollution caused by exhaust from a diesel engine, particularly reducing pollution at low temperatures, eg, 350 ° C. or below. A monolithic structure that works. Diesel pollution control monoliths include, but are not limited to, catalytic converters, diesel particulate filters, and NOx absorbers or traps.

  The term “magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber” includes glass fibers containing oxides of silicon, aluminum and magnesium, but does not exclude the presence of other oxides, especially other metal oxides.

  It is not intended to limit the invention, but to illustrate and better understand the invention.

  Referring to FIG. 1, a pollution control device 10 has a metal case or housing 11 with a generally frustoconical inlet and outlet ends 12 and 13, respectively. Arranged in the case 11 is a diesel pollution control monolith 20 formed, for example, from a honeycomb monolithic body through which a plurality of gas flow channels (not shown) are passed. The surrounding diesel pollution control monolith 20 is a mounting mat 30 comprising chopped magnesium aluminosilicate glass fibers that firmly but elastically support the monolithic element 20 within the case 11. The mounting mat 30 holds the diesel pollution control monolith 20 in place in the case and seals the gap between the diesel pollution control monolith 20 and the case 11 so that the diesel exhaust gas bypasses the diesel pollution control monolith 20. Prevent or minimize.

  The metal case can be made from materials known in the industry including stainless steel.

  Examples of the diesel pollution control monolith used in the pollution control apparatus 10 include a catalytic converter and a diesel particulate filter or trap. Catalytic converters contain a catalyst and are typically coated on a monolithic structure mounted within a metal housing. The catalyst is generally applied to operate and be effective at low temperatures, typically below 350 ° C. Metal monosys is also used, but the monolithic structure is generally ceramic. The catalyst oxidizes carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and reduces nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to control air pollution. In gasoline engines, all three of these pollutants can be reacted simultaneously in a so-called “three-way converter”, but most diesel engines have only one diesel oxidation catalytic converter. Catalytic converters for reducing nitrogen oxides, which are limited in use today only for diesel engines, usually consist of separate catalytic converters. Suitable ceramic monoliths carrying the catalyst are from Corning Inc. (Corning NY) under the trade designation “CELCOR” and NGK Insulated Ltd (NGK) They are commercially available under the trade name “HONEYCERAM” from Nagoya, Japan.

  Diesel particulate filters or traps are wall flow filters with a honeycomb monolithic structure that are typically made from porous crystalline ceramic materials. The alternating cells of the honeycomb structure are typically plugged so that the exhaust gas enters one cell and is pushed through the porous wall to the adjacent cell to exit the structure. In this way, small soot particles present in the diesel exhaust gas are collected. Suitable diesel particulate filters made from cordierite are from Corning Inc. (Corning NY) and NGK Insulated Ltd (Nagaya, Japan, Japan). A diesel particulate filter made of silicon carbide is commercially available from Ibiden Co. Ltd. (Japan), and is described in, for example, JP-A-2002-047070A. .

  The average diameter of the magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber used for the nonwoven mounting mat is at least 5 μm and the length is 0.5 to 15 cm, preferably 1 to 12 cm. The average diameter is preferably at least 7 μm, generally in the range of 7-14 μm. The glass fibers are preferably individual. To make individual (ie, fibers are separated from each other) fibers, fiber tows or yarns, for example, glass roving cutters (eg, Finn & Fram, Inc., Pacoma, Calif, Calif.) )) Can be chopped using a “model 90 glass roving cutter (MODEL 90 GLASS ROVING CUTTER)” to a desired length (generally in the range of about 0.5 to about 15 cm). The fibers are generally shot free or contain very low amounts, typically less than 1% by weight, of shots based on the total weight of the fiber. Further, the fiber diameter is generally uniform and the amount of fiber whose diameter is within the average +/− 3 μm is usually at least 70%, preferably at least 80% by weight of the total weight of the magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber, Most preferably at least 90% by weight.

  The mat may contain up to 10% by weight of fibers other than magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers. However, the mat is preferably made of only magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers. When other fibers are included in the mat, they are generally amorphous fibers and preferably have an average diameter of at least 5 μm. The mat is preferably free or substantially free of fibers having a diameter of 3 μm or less, and more preferably free or substantially free of fibers having a diameter of less than 5 μm. Substantially free means that the amount of such small diameter fibers is 2% or less, preferably 1% or less by weight of the total weight of fibers in the mat.

  In a preferred method of making a nonwoven mat, the cut or chopped fiber is a two-zone conventional Laroche Opener (e.g. Laroche SA, Courraville, France). , Cours la Ville, France)). The fiber may also be a hammer mill, preferably a blow discharge hammer mill (e.g., CS Bell Co. Tiffin, Ohio, "BLOWER DISCHARGE MODEL 20"). It can also be separated by passing it through a commercial name under the trade name “HAMMER MILL)”. Although not very efficient, W. W. of Chicago, Illinois. W. Conventional product such as “Dayton Radial Blower” model number 3C539, 31.1 cm (12.25 inches), and 3 horsepower from WW Grainger, Chicago, IL The fiber can be individualized using a blower. Chopped fibers usually only need to pass through the Laroche opening device once. When using a hammer mill, it usually has to pass twice. If only a blower is used, the fiber is generally passed at least twice. Preferably, at least 50 weight percent of the fibers are individualized before being formed into a nonwoven mat.

  Cuts or chopped fibers greater than about 15 cm are also useful for making nonwoven mats, but tend to be difficult to process. Separation of fibers tends to increase the bulkiness (ie, decrease bulk density) of the fibers making up the nonwoven mat, thereby reducing the density of the resulting mat.

  To facilitate processing and separation of chopped or cut fibers with minimal breakage, charge control lubricants (eg, “NEUTROSTAT” from Simco Co. Inc., Hatfield, NJ), Hatfield, NJ ) ") Can be sprayed onto a hammer mill while separating the fibers.

The magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber preferably comprises 10-30% by weight aluminum oxide, 52-70% by weight silicon oxide and 1-12% by weight magnesium oxide. The weight percentages of the oxides described above are based on the theoretical amounts of Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and MgO. Furthermore, it is considered that the magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber may contain an additional oxide. For example, additional oxides that may be present include sodium or potassium oxide, boron oxide and calcium oxide. Magnesium The aluminum silicate glass fibers, the SiO ₂ about 55% Al ₂ O ₃ and 11% B ₂ O ₃ to 6% CaO 18%, the composition of 5% of MgO and other oxides 5% generally have E- glass fibers, and the SiO ₂ about 65%, Al ₂ O ₃ 25% and MgO S and S-2 glass fiber with 10% of the composition in general, the SiO ₂ about 60% Specific examples include R-glass fibers generally having a composition of 25% Al ₂ O ₃ , 9% CaO and 6% MgO. E-glass, S-glass and S-2 glass are available, for example, from Advanced Glassfiber Yarns LLC, and R-glass is Saint-Gobain Vetrotex. More available.

  According to the method of making a nonwoven mat, chopped individual fibers (preferably about 2.5 to about 5 cm in length) are made from a conventional web forming machine (Rando Machine Corp. Macedon, NY). ) From "Rando Weber" and from Danish Scan Web under the trade name "DAN WEB"), and the fiber is wire screen or mesh belt Stretch over (for example, a metal or nylon belt). When using a “DAN WEB” type web forming machine, the fibers are preferably individualized using a hammer mill and blower. Fibers greater than about 2.5 cm in length tend to entangle during the web forming process. To facilitate handling of the mat, the mat can be formed on or placed on the scrim. Depending on the length of the fiber, the resulting mat generally has sufficient handleability to move to a needle punch machine without the need for a support (eg, scrim).

  Nonwoven mats can also be made using conventional wet molding or textile carding. For wet forming processes, the fiber length is preferably about 0.5 to about 6 cm. For textile processes, the fiber length is preferably about 5 to about 10 cm.

The needle-punched non-woven mat is, for example, a mat in which fibers are physically entangled by passing the mat completely or partially (preferably completely) by a barbed needle several times. Point to. Nonwoven mats are conventional needle punching devices (eg, needle punchers, barbed needles (eg, Foster, Manitowac, Wis.) Sold under the trade name “DILO” by the German Dilo of Germany. Needle punched with a needle company (commercially available from Foster Needle Company, Inc., Manitowoc, Wis.) Can be used as a needle-punched non-woven mat. Generally includes compression of the mat and punching and pulling of the mat with a barbed needle The optimum number of needle punches per area of the mat will depend on the particular application. Non-woven When the mat is needle punched, it is about 5 to about 60 needle punches / cm ^2. Preferably, the mat is needle punched to about 10 to about 20 needle punches / cm ² .

The needle punched nonwoven mat has a weight per unit area value in the range of about 1000 to about 3000 g / m ² , and in other embodiments has a thickness in the range of about 0.5 to about 3 centimeters. preferable. Typical bulk density at a load of 5 kPA is 0.1-0.2 g / cc.

  Nonwoven mats are known from the prior art (US Pat. No. 4,181,514 (Leftowitz et al., The disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for the teaching of stitch bonding of nonwoven mats). )) Can be stitch-bonded using .. In general, the mat is stitch-bonded with organic threads.A thin layer of organic or inorganic sheet material prevents or minimizes the threads from cutting the mat. In order to do so, it can be placed on one or both sides of the mat during stitch bonding, and if it is desired that the stitch thread does not break down during use, an inorganic thread such as ceramic or metal (eg stainless steel) can be used. The stitch spacing can be used to make the fiber even throughout the mat. It is usually 3 to 30 mm so as to be compressed.

  According to certain embodiments of the invention, the mat may be composed of multiple layers of magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers. Such layers are distinguished from one another in the average diameter of the fibers used, the length of the fibers used and / or the chemical composition of the fibers used. Depending on the composition and, to a lesser extent, the fiber diameter, the heat resistance and mechanical strength of a fiber at a given temperature will vary, so the fiber layer can be selected to optimize performance while minimizing cost. For example, a diesel catalytic converter is implemented using a nonwoven mat consisting of an S-2 glass layer combined with an E-glass layer. In use, the S-2 glass layer is placed directly on the hot monolith side of the catalytic converter, while the E-glass layer is on the cold metal housing side of the catalytic converter. The mat with the combination of layers can withstand significantly higher temperatures than a mat consisting only of E-glass fibers with significantly reduced cost compared to a mat consisting only of S-2 glass fibers. A layered mat is made by first forming a separate nonwoven layer having a specific type of fiber using the forming techniques described above. These layers are needle bonded together to form the final mat with the desired separate layers.

The mounting mat of the present invention is particularly suitable for mounting a diesel pollution control monolith in a pollution control device. In general, the mounting density of the mat, i.e., the bulk density of the mat after assembly, should be at least 0.2 g / cm < ³ > to provide sufficient pressure to secure the monolith in place. If the mounting density exceeds about 0.70 g / cm ³ , the fiber will be broken. Similarly, a very high packing density can damage the monolith during assembly of the pollution control device. Packing density is preferably about ^{0.25g / cm 3 ~0.45g / cm 3} . The pollution control device has excellent performance characteristics for use in low temperature applications such as diesel engine exhaust treatment. The pollution control device may be used in a stationary machine that processes exhaust discharged from a diesel engine inside. Examples of such a stationary machine include a power generator or a fluid pumping power source.

  The pollution control device is particularly suitable for exhaust treatment from an automobile diesel engine. Examples of such automobiles include trains, buses, trucks, and “small group” vehicles. “Small number” vehicle means a vehicle designed to transport a small number of passengers, typically 15 or fewer. Examples are passenger cars, vans and so-called single passenger cars. The pollution control device is particularly suitable for the exhaust treatment of turbocharged direct injection diesel engines (TDI), which are frequently used especially in European automobiles.

  The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Materials used in the examples S-2 glass fiber, about 9 μm in diameter, chopped to a length of 1.0 inch (25.4 mm), advanced glass fiber yarn as 401 S-2 glass chopped strands Available from Advanced Glassfiber Yarns LLC (AGY) (Aiken, South Carolina, USA) E chopped glass strand, 9 μm in diameter, 1 inch in length (25.4 mm) Advanced Glass Fiber Yarns LLC (AGY) (Aiken, S., USA) uth Carolina / USA)) made
R glass fiber (general composition 60% SiO ₂ , 25% Al ₂ O ₃ , 9% CaO and 6% MgO), chopped to a diameter of about 10 μm and a length of 36 mm, Sangobanbetro, Herzogenras, Germany Available from Tex Deutschland (Saint-Gobain Vetrotex Deutschland GmbH, Herzogenrat / Germany)

Test method Actual condition equipment test (RCFT)
This test models actual conditions during general use of a pollution control device equipped with a monolith or diesel particulate trap and measures the pressure exerted by the mounting material under these modeled conditions of use. . The RCFT method is described in detail in Materials Aspects in Automatic Control Devices, Hans Bode, Willy-VCH 2002, pages 206-208. .

  Two independently controlled 50.8 mm x 50.8 mm heated stainless steel platens are heated to different temperatures to simulate the metal housing and monolith temperature, respectively. At the same time, the space or gap between the platens is increased by a value calculated from the temperature and thermal expansion coefficient of a particular type of representative pollution control device. The normal drive conditions for diesel pollution control devices are simulated by monolith temperatures up to 300 ° C. and metal enclosure temperatures up to 100, but they occur during continuous driving at high speeds, for example on motorways. More severe conditions were simulated with monolith temperatures up to 500 ° C and metal enclosure temperatures up to 200 ° C.

Three cycles of RCFT were performed using 1200 to 1400 g / m ² per area mat on each mounted mat sample. The density of the mat when mounted in the test sample was 0.35 g / cm ³ . The expanded comparative example was tested at a density of 1.0 g / cc.

  After performing three RCFT cycles, a data curve is generated. The curve shows the pressure between the two plates as a function of temperature. The temperature of the first and second plates each increased initially and decreased after the temperature was held for 15 minutes.

Thermal Vibration Test Using a thermal vibration test, it was further evaluated whether the mounting mat according to the present invention was suitable as a mounting mat for a diesel engine low temperature pollution control device. In thermal vibration testing, exhaust gas is passed through a pollution control device element (hereinafter referred to as a test assembly) in which a mounting mat is mounted in a metal case, and at the same time acts as an accelerated durability test on the converter assembly. Sufficient mechanical vibration was applied.

The test assembly consisted of:
1) Cylindrical ceramic monolith with 350 cells / in ² and wall thickness of 5.5 mil (0.14 mm) (diameter: 4.66 inch (11.8 cm) × length: 3.0 inch (7.6 cm)) ,
2) a mounting mat described in the following examples and comparative examples arranged in a cylindrical shape between the monolith and the metal housing, and 3) a circle containing 409 stainless steel with an inner diameter of about 4.88 inches (12.4 cm). A columnar can-shaped housing.

The test assembly was vibrated using a conventional shaker table (commercially available from Unholtz-Dickie Corp. Wallingford, Conn./USA), Wallingford, Conn., USA. The heat source consisted of a neutralizing gas burner capable of supplying a gas inlet temperature up to 1000 ° C. to the converter. The converter was equipped with a thermocouple that measured the interface temperature between the outer surface of the monolith and the inner surface of the mounting mat. The exhaust gas temperature was cycled (repeatedly raised and lowered) to apply excess stress to the mounting mat material. A 15 hour thermal conditioning phase was performed before starting the vibration segment of the test. The thermal conditioning phase consisted of 5 cycles of 2 hours at the selected high temperature followed by 1 hour at 50 ° C. During the vibration segment of the test, a “sign on random” type of vibration was used to generate further stress and simulate the accelerated aging of the test assembly under service conditions. In the first step, the vibration is random. It was started at a vibration level of 1.75 g (in this vibration test, “g” represents gravity) at 01 g ² / Hz (about 10 g peak). The vibration continued for 3 hours at the selected high temperature and then stopped. The test assembly was cooled to 50 ° C. and held for 1 hour without vibration. In the second step, the vibration level was doubled while the test assembly was heated to that temperature for an additional 3 hours (ie 3.5 g sign-on 0.02 g ² / hz random). The vibration was stopped for 2 hours, cooled to 50 ° C and held. In the third step, the above mentioned vibration parameters were doubled and the cycle (vibrated at the selected high temperature for 3 hours, 50 ° for 1 hour) was repeated. In the fourth step, the vibration parameters were doubled again until a total of four steps resulted in 28 g on 0.16 g ² / hz random (about 61 g peak) vibration. The test assembly was given a final set of vibration parameters until the test assembly failed or at least 14 cycles were reached with 28 g sign-on 0.16 g ² / hz random.

Cyclic compression test The test equipment for the cyclic compression test consisted of:
a) A load cell (MTS ™ model number) that includes a lower fixed portion and an upper portion that moves vertically away from the lower portion at a rate defined as “crosshead speed” and that can measure forces up to 30 kN Commercially available test equipment (commonly known as a tensile tester) with Alliance RT / 30, Material Test Systems, Cary, North Carolina,
b) a first quartz tube (diameter 50.8 mm x length 20 cm) mounted vertically on the fixed lower part of the device;
c) a second quartz tube (diameter 50.8 mm x length 20 cm) mounted vertically on the load cell in the upper part of the instrument,
d) a thermocouple extending through the upper crystal tube in contact with the test assembly;
e) An electrically heated oven with a brick lining with tube shaped holes arranged to closely surround the two quartz tube parts that are closest to each other.

The test assembly consisted of the following three discs stacked together.
a) Large lower quartz disk (thickness 20.0 mm, diameter 75 mm) supporting the test sample,
b) a test sample of the mounting mat to be tested, including a weighed disc of the mounting mat to be tested, having a diameter of about 2 inches (51 mm);
c) A small upper quartz disk (thickness 12.5 mm, diameter 51 mm) located above the test sample.

  The test assembly was placed between the upper end of the lower crystal tube and the lower end of the upper crystal tube so that the three disks of the test assembly were placed perpendicular to each other.

The following two gap distances were selected.
1) Gap 1-2 first short distance between two quartz disks,
2) Gap 2-2 Second long distance between two quartz disks.

  The gap distance corresponds to the recommended mat density for a given material, with the mounting mat sample being tested being a small “gap 1” and a “large gap 2” where the density is 10% higher than the density of the small “gap 1”. Selected to be the density to be. These parameters are selected based on the mat density that generally occurs when the mounting mat is used under actual use conditions.

  The two gap distances selected in this way are programmed into the instrument, the test assembly is loaded, the oven is closed, heated to 250 ° C and held, and finally the instrument is repeatedly moved from one gap distance to the other. The pressure of the sample disk placed in the test assembly between the two quartz disks was repeatedly increased or decreased. The crosshead speed was 5.0 mm / min and there was virtually no downtime at either the “Gap 1” or “Gap 2” position.

  The pressure emanating from the sample disk at one time was recorded in kilopascals (kPa). The compression cycle was repeated 1000 times.

  The pressure exerted by the sample disk at the beginning of the test at (initial pressure) was recorded with the instrument at the small “gap 1” position of the compression cycle. Again, the pressure exerted by the sample disk after 1000 compression cycles at 250 ° C. (final pressure) was also recorded, with the instrument placed in the “gap 1” position of the compression cycle.

  These two numbers were compared with (final pressure / initial pressure) × 100% = percent retention.

Example 1
40 liters of S-2 glass fiber having an average diameter of about 9 μm and a length of 2.54 cm was obtained from Advanced Glassfiber Yarns LLC (AGY). The fiber was virtually shot free.

  The glass fiber was opened with a two-zone Laroche opening device. The feed rate for the first zone was 2 m / min and the rickerlin roll rate was 2500 rpm. The feed rate for the second zone was 4 m / min and the rickerlin roll rate was 2500 rpm. The output speed was 6.5 m / min.

  Open fiber is supplied to a conventional web forming machine (available under the trade name “Rando Webber” from Rando Machine Corp. Macedon, NY) A continuous web was formed by blowing onto a conductive metal roll. The continuous web was needle bonded with a conventional needle tacker. The needle speed was 100 cycles / min and the output speed was 1.1 m / min. The “weight per area” of the mounting mat could be adjusted as desired. In tests where the “weight per area” value substantially affects the test results, this parameter is shown along with the test results. The composition of the mounting mat of Example 1 is summarized in Table 1 below.

  The mat of Example 1 was tested according to the RCFT method described above for the test method. Three data curve series were generated, each representing three cycles. The mounting mat of Example 1 exhibited a very uniform pressure over the temperature range tested, giving a pressure significantly higher than the minimum pressure required to hold the monolith in place (about 40 kPa). The RCFT data of Example 1 is shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the X axis represents the temperature scale of the simulated monolith temperature and the simulated surface temperature. For the monolith temperature, the temperature range shown in FIG. 1 returned from 20 to 300 ° C. with the line indicated by “A” and back from 300 (indicated by the line “B”) to 50 ° C. For the simulated surface temperature, the ranges were 20-100 ° C and 100-25 ° C, respectively. The spacing between lines A and B indicates the 15 minute time that the sample was held at maximum temperature. The Y axis represents the measured pressure. The scale was 0 to 500 kPa. Curves 1 to 3 represent the results of the first to third cycles, respectively. Appropriate holding power over the entire temperature range tested was as shown in FIG.

  The mat of Example 1 was also subjected to the thermal vibration test described above for the test method. The thermal vibration test was performed at two temperatures of 300 ° C. and 500 ° C., respectively. At 300 ° C., the mat of Example 1 did not fail even after 72 hours. At 500 ° C., the mat of Example 1 did not fail even after 80 hours. The thermal vibration test results are summarized in Table 2 below.

Example 2
E-glass fiber (chopped glass strand, 9 μm in diameter, chopped to 1 inch (25.4 mm) in length, Advanced Glassfiber Yarns LLC (AGY) (Aiken, South Carolina, USA) Example 2 was made by the method described in Example 1 except that it was available from Aiken, SC / USA)). The composition of the mat of Example 2 is summarized in Table 1.

  The mat test of Example 2 includes a cyclic compression test. The results are summarized in Table 3, and it can be seen that at the diesel pollution control device temperature (average mat temperature 250 ° C.), the mat retains 86.3% of the original pressure after 1000 compression cycles.

  Example 2 was also tested with RCFT using the same conditions used in Example 1. Example 2 maintained an adequate holding force over the entire temperature range.

Example 3
R-glass fibers (60% SiO ₂ , 25% Al ₂ O ₃ , 9% CaO and 6) obtained from Saint-Gobain Vetrotex chopped to a diameter of about 10 μm and a length of 36 mm % MgO) was processed into a web by the method described in Example 1. The composition of the mat of Example 4 is summarized in Table 1.

  The test of the R-glass mat of Example 3 includes a cyclic compression test. The results are summarized in Table 3, and it can be seen that at the diesel pollution control device temperature (average mat temperature 250 ° C.), the mat retains 95.5% of the original pressure after 1000 compression cycles.

  In addition, the RCFT test was performed on the Example 3 mat in the same manner as for the Example 1 mat except that the simulated temperature range was 25 ° C. to 500 ° C. for the monolith and 25 to 200 ° C. for the surface. It was. Example 3 maintained adequate holding power over the entire temperature range.

Example 4
A two-layer mat was made by laminating two separate layers together. The first layer was composed of R-glass. The second layer was composed of E-glass. Two layers were combined by needle bonding. A mounting mat formed in this manner had two separate layers of glass of different composition. The composition of the two-layer mat of Example 4 is summarized in Table 1.

  The RCFT test was performed on the two-layer mat of Example 4 using the temperature conditions of Example 3. The mounting mat of Example 4 maintained an appropriate holding force over the entire temperature range.

Example 5
A two-layer mat was made by laminating two separate layers together. The first layer was composed of S-2 glass. The second layer was composed of E-glass. Two layers were combined by needle bonding. A mounting mat formed in this manner had two separate layers of glass of different composition. The composition of the mat of Example 5 is summarized in Table 1.

  The mat test of Example 5 includes a cyclic compression test. The results are summarized in Table 3 and it can be seen that at the diesel pollution control device temperature (average mat temperature 250 ° C.), the mat retains the original pressure of 82.2% after 1000 compression cycles.

Comparative Example 1
Comparative Example 1 (C1) was made of Belcotex silica fiber with a 9 micron fiber diameter obtained from Belchem Fiber Materials GmbH, Brand-Erbisdorf, Germany, from the German brand-Elvisdorf. It was composed of a non-woven fiber mat that contained no binder.

This material was subjected to an actual condition fixing test (RCFT) at a mounting density of 0.4 g / cm ³ . The temperature range used was the same as in Example 3 above. The test results are shown in Table 3 by curve C1. FIG. 3 shows the result of the third cycle. The mat of Example 1 was given the same conditions used in the RCFT test for the mat of Comparative Example 1. This is shown as curve 1 in FIG. From FIG. 3, the mat of Comparative Example 1 did not maintain enough pressure to hold the monolith in place under the simulated conditions, whereas the mat of Example 1 was sufficient to hold the monolith. It can be seen that the pressure was maintained.

Comparative Example 2
Comparative Example 2 (C2) does not include a non-woven binder made of silica fiber sold under the name Silcosoft ™ from BGF Industries, Altvista, Virginia, Alta Vista, Virginia. It consisted of fiber. The average fiber diameter in the mat is 9 microns.

This material was subjected to a fixed real condition test (RCFT) using the simulated temperature conditions of Comparative Example 1 at packaging densities of 0.4 and 0.45 g / cm ³ . Figure 3 shows the test results of the third cycle as C2a (0.45g / cm ³ mount density) and C2b (0.40g / cm ³ mount density). It can be seen that the mat of Comparative Example 2 did not maintain sufficient pressure to hold the monolith in place under conditions simulating a diesel engine. The scale of the Y axis in FIG. 3 representing the pressure was 0 to 600 kPa.

Comparative Example 3
Comparative Example 3 (C3) was composed of a commercially available inflatable contamination control device mounting mat. About 55% unexpanded meteorite, about 37% fiber and about 8% organic binder. The fiber is a melt-formed amorphous shot-containing alumina / silica fiber having a diameter of about 2-3 microns and a length of 0.5 inches or less.

  Comparative Example 3 was tested at 300 ° C. according to a thermal vibration test. The sample failed after 8 hours. The thermal vibration test results are summarized in Table 2. Comparative example 3 was also tested in a cyclic compression test. The results are summarized in Table 3 and it can be seen that at the diesel pollution control device temperature (average mat temperature 250 ° C.), the mat retains only 25.3% original pressure after 1000 compression cycles.

  Example 3 was also tested with RCFT using the temperature conditions of Example 1. It was a low holding force that was not already acceptable after the first cycle.

Comparative Example 4
Comparative Example 4 (C4) was composed of a commercially available reduced meteorite inflatable contamination control device mounting mat. It contained about 37% unexpanded meteorite, about 54% fiber and about 9% organic binder. The fiber was the same as in Comparative Example 3.

  Comparative Example 4 was tested at 300 ° C. and 500 ° C. according to a thermal vibration test. The sample failed after 8 hours at 300 ° C and 18 hours at 500 ° C. The thermal vibration test results are summarized in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5
Comparative Example 5 (C5) was a wet mat made from a melt-formed shot-containing alumina silicate fiber available as Kaoool Bulk Fibers from Thermal Ceramics, Augusta, Georgia, Georgia. Consisted of. The fiber diameter is 2-3 microns and the length is about 0.5 inches.

  Comparative Example 5 was tested according to the cyclic compression test described above for the test method and showed a 49.8% percent retention that was unacceptable for use in diesel engine pollution control devices. The results of the cyclic compression test are summarized in Table 3.

Comparative Example 6
Comparative Example 6 (C6) is an ultra felt with a density of 12 lb / ft ³ (0.2 g / cm ³ ) from Thermal Ceramics UK (Thermal Ceramics UK Lmtd. Wirrell, Merseyside, England) of Merreside, UK. (Trademark) was made of “matt material containing no non-woven binder” commercially available as a paper. This mat is an alumina / silica fiber needle bond mat (47% Al ₂ O ₃ and 53% SiO ₂ ). According to the technical data sheet of the mat manufacturer, the length of the fiber is longer than that commonly used for papermaking. This indicates that the fiber length exceeds 0.5 inches.

  Comparative Example 6 also showed an unacceptably low 41.2% percent retention when tested according to the cyclic compression test described above for the test method.

  The results of the cyclic compression test are summarized in Table 3.

Comparative Example 7
Comparative Example 7 (C7) consisted of a commercially available non-intumescent pollution control device mounting mat made of high alumina polycrystalline ceramic fibers. The mat is substantially shot free and has an average diameter of 3 microns.

  Comparative Example 7 was also tested according to the cyclic compression test described above for the test method and showed a percent retention of 81.1%. The results of the cyclic compression test are summarized in Table 3. The retention of these very expensive fibers was acceptable but not as good as the present invention.

It is a perspective view of the catalytic converter of the present invention shown in an exploded state. It is a result of the mat of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in an actual condition fixing test. It is a result of the mat of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in an actual condition fixing test.

Claims (14)

  A contamination control element disposed in a case with a nonwoven mounting mat, wherein the nonwoven mounting mat is disposed between the case and the contamination control element, and has a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and a length of 0 A non-expandable mat comprising at least 90% by weight of chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fibers based on the total weight of the mat, the glass fibers being needle punched or stitch bonded, the mat being an organic binder Contamination control device that does not contain or substantially does not contain. The glass fiber includes 10 to 30% by weight aluminum oxide, 52 to 70% by weight silicon dioxide, and 1 to 12% by weight magnesium oxide based on the total weight of the glass fiber. silicon and the weight percentage of magnesium oxide are respectively calculated by the theoretical basis as Al ₂ O _3, SiO ₂ and MgO, pollution control apparatus according to claim 1.   The pollution control device according to claim 2, wherein the glass fiber is selected from the group consisting of E-glass, S-glass, S2-glass, R-glass and mixtures thereof.   The pollution control device according to claim 1, wherein the nonwoven mat includes two or more layers having different glass fiber compositions.   5. The pollution control device according to claim 4, wherein the different glass fiber compositions are different in length of the glass fiber and / or average diameter of the glass fiber.   The contamination control apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the different glass fiber compositions are different in chemical composition of the glass fibers. The contamination control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the non-woven mat has a mounting density of 0.2 to 0.7 g / cm ³ .   A machine comprising a diesel engine and the pollution control device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.   The machine according to claim 8, wherein the machine is an automobile and the diesel engine is a turbocharged direct injection diesel engine.   9. A machine according to claim 8, wherein the machine is an automobile selected from a truck, a bus or a small vehicle.   A method for treating exhaust gas from a diesel engine by supplying the exhaust gas to the pollution control device according to claim 1.   A mat for mounting a pollution control element in a case of a pollution control device, wherein the mat comprises chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber having a number average diameter of 5 μm or more and a length of 0.5 to 15 cm, and the total weight of the mat. A non-expandable mat based on at least 90% by weight, wherein the glass fiber is needle punched or stitch bonded, the mat is free or substantially free of organic binder, and the chopped magnesium aluminum silicate glass fiber A mat that includes at least two layers, and the glass fibers of the two layers have different compositions.   The mat according to claim 12, wherein the glass fiber composition is different in length of the glass fiber and / or average diameter of the glass fiber.   The mat according to claim 12, wherein the glass fiber composition is different in chemical composition of the glass fiber.

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