JP2006507213A - 吸着したポリペプチド含有分子を有する微粒子 - Google Patents
吸着したポリペプチド含有分子を有する微粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006507213A JP2006507213A JP2003569802A JP2003569802A JP2006507213A JP 2006507213 A JP2006507213 A JP 2006507213A JP 2003569802 A JP2003569802 A JP 2003569802A JP 2003569802 A JP2003569802 A JP 2003569802A JP 2006507213 A JP2006507213 A JP 2006507213A
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2002年2月20日出願の米国仮特許出願番号60/358,315号(発明の名称「吸着したポリペプチド含有分子を有する微粒子」)に対する優先権を請求する。
本発明は、一般に、薬学的組成物に関する。特に、本発明は、界面活性剤を使用せずに形成される吸着したポリペプチド含有分子を有する生分解性微粒子に関し、そのような微粒子を調製するための方法に関し、そしてそれらの使用に関する。
粒子状キャリアは、十分な免疫応答を惹起する試みにおいて、吸着した抗原または捕捉した抗原とともに使用されている。そのようなキャリアは、複数のコピーの選択抗原を免疫系に提示し、局所リンパ節における抗原の捕捉および保持を促進する。これらの粒子は、マクロファージにより食菌され得、そしてサイトカイン放出を介して抗原提示を増強し得る。
本発明者らは、吸着したポリペプチド含有分子を有する微粒子が、界面活性剤の非存在下で形成され得ることを、思いもかけずに見出した。
本発明の粒子は、他に記載されない場合、当該分野の技術内で、化学、重合科学、生化学、分子生物学、免疫学および薬学の従来の方法を使用する。このような技術は、文献内で十分に説明されている。例えば、Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,第18版(Easton,Pennsylvania:Mack Publishing Company,1990);Methods In Enzymology(S.ColowickおよびN.Kaplan編,Academic Press,Inc.);Handbook of Experimental Immunology,Vols.I−IV(D.M.WeirおよびC.C.Blackwell編,1986,Blackwell Scientific Publications);Sambrookら,Molecular Cloning.A Laboratory Manual(第2版,1989);Handbook of Surface and Colloidal Chemistry(Birdi,K.S.編,CRC Press,1997)およびSeymour/Carrahef’s Polymer Chemistry(第4版,Marcel Dekker Inc.,1996)を参照のこと。
本発明の記載において、以下の用語が利用され、そして以下に指示されるように定義されることが意図される。
「抗原」は、抗原が本発明に従って提示される場合の細胞性抗原特異的免疫応答、または体液性抗体応答を成すための宿主の免疫システムを刺激し得る、1つ以上のエピトープを含む分子を意味する。抗原は、それ自身によってか、または別の分子と組み合わせて存在する場合、細胞性応答または体液性応答を誘発し得る。正常に、エピトープは、約3〜15アミノ酸、一般的には約5〜15アミノ酸の間を含む。所定のタンパク質のエピトープは、当該分野で周知である、任意の数のエピトープマッピング技術を用いて同定され得る。例えば、Epitope Mapping Protocols in Methods in Molecular Biology,Vol.66(Glenn E.Morris編,1996)Humana Press,Totowa,New Jerseyを参照のこと。例えば、線状エピトープは、例えば、固体支持体上の多くのペプチド、そのタンパク質分子の部分に対応するペプチドを同時合成し、そしてペプチドが支持体になお接着されている間、ペプチドを抗体と反応させることにより、決定され得る。このような技術は、当該分野で公知であり、そして例えば、米国特許第4,708,871号;Geysenら(1984)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 81:3998−4002;Geysenら(1986)Molec.Immunol.23:709−715(全てそれらの全体が、参考として本明細書中に援用される)において記載される。同様に、コンフォメーショナルエピトープは、例えば、X線結晶学および2次元核磁気共鳴を用いて、アミノ酸の特異的なコンフォメーションを決定することによって、容易に同定され得る。例えば、Epitope Mapping Protocols(上述)を参照のこと。
驚くべきことに、本発明者らは、微粒子が形成され得、そして、この微粒子へのポリペプチド含有分子の良好な吸着が、界面活性剤を用いることなく達成され得ることを見出した。結果として、広範種々の疾患の予防的または治療的な処置および/または診断のために、本発明の微粒子/ポリペプチド含有分子組成物を送達システムとして用いて、生物学的に活性なポリペプチド含有分子を被験体に送達し得る。理論に束縛されることは望まないが、本発明と組み合わせて使用されるポリマー物質(例えば、PLG)は、代表的に、負に荷電した基を有し、この基が本発明の微粒子に正味の負の電荷を与えると考えられる。この純粋な負の電荷が、微粒子内の反発をもたらし、微粒子の形成時に、微粒子を安定化させる。さらに、この電荷はまた、ポリペプチド含有分子の正に荷電した領域を引き付け、ポリペプチド含有分子の微粒子への吸着を改善する。
− N.meningitidis血清型B由来のタンパク質抗原(例えば、以下の参考文献1〜7におけるもの)。
− N.meningitidis血清型B由来の外膜小胞(OMV)調製物(例えば、以下の参考文献8、9、10、11などに開示されるもの)。
− N.meningitidis血清型A、C、W135および/またはY由来の糖類抗原(例えば、血清型C由来の、以下の参考文献12に開示されるオリゴ糖類(参考文献13もまた参照のこと))。
− Streptococcus pneumoniae由来の糖類抗原(例えば、参考文献14、15、16)。
− N.gonorrhoeae由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献1、2、3)。
− Chlamydia pneumoniae由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献17、18、19、20、21、22、23)。
− Chlafnydia trachomatis由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献24)。
− 不活化ウイルスのようなA型肝炎ウイルス由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献25、26)。
− 表面抗原および/またはコア抗原のようなB型肝炎ウイルス由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献26、27)。
− C型肝炎ウイルス由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献28)。
− Bordetella perutussis由来の抗原(例えば、B.perutussis由来の百日咳全毒素(holotoxin)(PT)および線維状赤血球凝集素(FHA))これらはまた、必要に応じて、ペルタクチンおよび/または凝集原2および3と組み合される(例えば、参考文献29および30)。
− ジフテリアトキソイドのようなジフテリア抗原(例えば、参考文献31の第3章)(例えば、CRM197変異体(例えば、参考文献32))。
− 破傷風トキソイドのような破傷風抗原(例えば、参考文献31の第4章)。
− Helicobacter pylori由来のタンパク質抗原(例えば、CagA(例えば、参考文献33)、VacA(例えば、参考文献33)、NAP(例えば、参考文献34)、HopX(例えば、参考文献35)、HopY(例えば、参考文献35)および/またはウレア−ゼ)。
− Haeniophilus influenzae B由来の糖類抗原(例えば、参考文献13)。
− Porphyramonas gingivalis由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献36)。
− IPVまたはOPVのようなポリオ抗原(例えば、参考文献37、38)。
− 狂犬病抗原(例えば、参考文献39)(例えば、凍結乾燥して不活化したウイルス(例えば、参考文献40、RabavertTM)。
− 麻疹、おたふくかぜおよび/または風疹抗原(例えば、参考文献31の第9、10および11章)。
− 赤血球凝集素および/またはノイラミニダーゼ表面タンパク質のようなインフルエンザ抗原(例えば、参考文献31の第19章)。
− Moraxella catarrhalis由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献41)。
− Streptococcus agalactiae(B群連鎖球菌)由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献42、43)。
− Streptococcus pyogenes(A群連鎖球菌)由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献43、44、45)。
− Staphylococcus aureus由来の抗原(例えば、参考文献46)。
− 1つ以上のこれらの抗原を含有する組成物。
下記にあるのは、本発明を実行するための特定の実施形態の例である。これらの実施例は、例示目的のためのみに提供され、本発明の範囲を限定することはいかなるようにも意図されない。使用した数字(例えば、量、温度など)に関して、精度を確保する努力を行ったが、いくらかの実験誤差および偏差が、当然、許容されるべきである。
IKAホモジナイザー(Germany)の小プローブを使用して、2.5mlのPBSをジメチルクロライド中、6%のRG503(ラクチド/グリコリドのモル比が50:50であり、34,000ダルトンの分子量を有するPLGポリマー、Boehringer Ingelheimから市販されている)10mlと共に23,000rpmで2分間、ホモジナイズする。この最初のo/wエマルジョンを50mlの脱イオン水に加え、次いで、Ommiベンチトップホモジナイザー(Lab Tek Inc、US)の10mmプローブを使用して、15,000rpmで30分間、氷浴でホモジナイズする。ホモジナイズしている間に溶媒が蒸発するのを防ぐために、容器を液体中に挿入したホモジナイザーと共に、Teflonテープを用いて封をする。Teflonテープを取り外し、そしてこの2番目のw/o/wエマルジョンを、溶媒が蒸発するように、一晩中攪拌し続ける。翌日、Malvern Master Sizerを使用して、粒子サイズを測定する。サイズの範囲は、代表的には0.5〜1ミクロンである。
IKAホモジナイザー(Germany)の小プローブを使用して、2.5mlのPBSをジメチルクロライド中、6%のRG503(ラクチド/グリコリドのモル比が50:50であり、34,000ダルトンの分子量を有するPLGポリマー、Boehringer Ingelheimから市販されている)10mlと共に23,000rpmで2分間、ホモジナイズする。この最初のo/wエマルジョンを6μg/mlまたは60μg/mlのいずれかのDSSを含む(それぞれ0.05%および0.5%となる)脱イオン水(50ml)に加える。次いで、これをOmmiベンチトップホモジナイザー(Lab Tek Inc、US)の10mmプローブを使用して、15,000rpmで30分間、氷浴でホモジナイズする。ホモジナイズしている間に溶媒が蒸発するのを防ぐために、容器を液体中に挿入したホモジナイザーと共に、Teflonテープを用いて封をする。Teflonテープを取り外し、そしてこの2番目のw/o/wエマルジョンを、溶媒が蒸発するように、一晩中攪拌し続ける。翌日、Malvern Master Sizerを使用して、粒子サイズを測定する。サイズの範囲は、代表的には0.5〜1ミクロンである。
IKAホモジナイザー(Germany)の小プローブを使用して、2.5mlのPBSをジメチルクロライド中、6%のRG503(ラクチド/グリコリドのモル比が50:50であり、34,000ダルトンの分子量を有するPLGポリマー、Boehringer Ingelheimから市販されている)10mlと共に23,000rpmで2分間、ホモジナイズする。この最初のo/wエマルジョンを1%wt:volのDSSを含む脱イオン水(50ml)に加える。次いで、これをOmmiベンチトップホモジナイザー(Lab Tek Inc、US)の10mmプローブを使用して、10,000rpmで3分間、室温でホモジナイズする。この2番目のw/o/wエマルジョンを、溶媒が蒸発するように、一晩中攪拌し続ける。翌日、Malvern Master Sizerを使用して、粒子サイズを測定する。サイズの範囲は、代表的には0.5〜1ミクロンである。
0%wt:wt、0.05%wt:wt、および0.5%wt:wtのDSSを有するように作製したPLG粒子(上の実施例1および2に由来)に、以下のようにして、髄膜炎B 287タンパク質(Chiron protein purification group、Siena、Italy.Science第287巻、1816(2000))を吸着させた:
0%、0.05%、および0.5%のDSSを有するPLG粒子への直接的な結合:
1− 実施例1および2のそれぞれの処方物の懸濁液容量を測定し、PLGの開始重量を総容量で割ることにより、PLG含量を測定した。
2− それぞれの処方物について、200mgのPLGを含む特定の容量を30mlの遠心分離チューブに移し、そして2mgの287タンパク質を加えた。
3− 1mlの100mMクエン酸(pH4.75)を加えることで、緩衝液を10mMのクエン酸に調整し、総容量をDI水で10mlまで増やした。
4− チューブを、4℃で一晩中、ラボロッカー上で揺らし続けた。
5− 翌日、2mlのアリコートを分析用に採取し、残りの懸濁液をバイアル中に分注した。それぞれ、1用量あたりのPLG上のタンパク質が1μgまたは10μgのいずれかである12回分の投与量を含んでいた。
6− 凍結乾燥させる前に、水中25%wt:volのマンニトール溶液(216μl)を各バイアルに加えた。
1− 実施例3の懸濁液を、250mlの水を使用して、遠心分離によって、2回洗浄した。
2− ペレットを15mlのDI水に再懸濁し、水浴ソニケーターで2分間、超音波処理した。
3− 5mlの懸濁液(200mgのPLGを含む)を30mlの遠心分離チューブに移し、そして2mgの287タンパク質を加えた。
4− 1mlの10×PBSを加えることで緩衝液を調整し、DI水で容量を10mlまで増やした。
5− 懸濁液を4℃で一晩中、ラブロッカー上で揺らし続けた。
6− 翌日、1mlのアリコートを分析用に採取し、残りの懸濁液を12Mwt.〜14Mwt.のカットオフ透析チューブに移し、1回につき4LのDI水を4回交換して透析した。
7− 総容量を測定し、1mlのアリコートを分析用に採取した。残りの懸濁液をバイアルに分注した。それぞれ、PLG上のタンパク質を1μgまたは10μgのいずれかの量を含んでいた。
8− 凍結乾燥させる前に、DI水中25%のマンニトール溶液(216μl)を各バイアルに加えた。
1− 各懸濁液(実施例4の工程5由来)の1mlを、12Mwt〜14Mwt.のカットオフ透析チューブ中で1回につき4Lの水を2回交換して、一晩透析し、凍結乾燥した。
2− 各懸濁液(実施例4の工程5由来)の残りの1mlおよび実施例5の工程6由来のアリコートを、30mlの水を使用して、遠心分離によって洗浄し、凍結乾燥した。
3− 実施例5の工程7由来の1mlのアリコートを凍結乾燥した。
4− 上記の工程1、工程2、および工程3の凍結乾燥された処方物(各5mg)を、各1mlの0.2N NaOH/5% SDSによって加水分解し、Micro BCAアッセイ(Pierce、USA製)によって、タンパク質含量を測定した。
5− 各10mgの未洗浄の粒子(上記の工程1および工程3由来)を1mlのPBSに再懸濁し、37℃で1時間、揺らし続けた。そして、Micro BCAアッセイ(Pierce、USA製)によって上清中のタンパク質を測定することによって、バーストリリース(burst release)を決定した。
実施例4の工程5および実施例5の工程7由来のPLG粒子上に吸着されたタンパク質を10μgまたは1μgのいずれか含む100μlによって、10匹のCD1マウスの群をそれぞれ、0週間、3週間、および5週間間隔で筋肉内注射により免疫し、5週目および7週目に血清を収集した。
Claims (35)
- 微粒子組成物であって、
(a)ポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリオルトエステル、ポリ無水物、およびポリシアノアクリレートからなる群より選択されるポリマーを含む、微粒子と、
(b)該微粒子に吸着したポリペプチド含有分子と、
を含み、該微粒子組成物は、界面活性剤の非存在下で形成される、微粒子組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリマーは、ポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)を含む、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項2に微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)が、ポリ(L−ラクチド)、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド)、およびポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)からなる群より選択される、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項3に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリマーが、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)を含む、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)が、25:75〜75:25の範囲にあるラクチド/グリコリドモル比を有し、かつ10,000ダルトン〜100,000ダルトンの範囲にある分子量を有する、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)が、40:60〜60:40の範囲にあるラクチド/グリコリドモル比を有し、かつ20,000ダルトン〜70,000ダルトンの範囲にある分子量を有する、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項1〜6のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記ポリペプチド含有分子が、抗原である、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記抗原が、HIV抗原、髄膜炎B群抗原、連鎖球菌抗原、B型肝炎ウイルス抗原、C型肝炎ウイルス抗原、Haemophilus influenza B型抗原、百日咳抗原、ジフテリア抗原、破傷風抗原、Helicobater pylori抗原、およびインフルエンザA型赤血球凝集素抗原から選択される、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記抗原が、HIV gp41抗原、HIV gp120抗原、HIV gp140抗原、HIV p24gag抗原、HIV p55gag抗原、髄膜炎B群組換えタンパク質287抗原、およびB群連鎖球菌抗原からなる群より選択される、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項1〜9のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物であって、薬学的に受容可能な賦形剤をさらに含む、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項10に記載の微粒子組成物であって、さらなる生理活性高分子をさらに含み、該さらなる生理活性高分子は、ポリヌクレオチド、ポリヌクレオシド、医薬品、ホルモン、酵素、転写媒介因子もしくは翻訳媒介因子、代謝経路中間体、免疫調節因子、およびアジュバントからなる群より選択される、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項11に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記さらなる生理活性高分子がアジュバントである、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項12に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記アジュバントが、CpGオリゴヌクレオチド、二本鎖RNAアジュバント、アミノアルキルグルコサミド4−リン酸アジュバント、イミダゾキノリンアジュバント、リポ多糖模倣アジュバント、サポニンアジュバント、E.coli易熱性毒素アジュバント、モノホスホリルリピドAアジュバント、およびアルミニウム塩からなる群より選択される構成要素である、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項12に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記アジュバントがリン酸アルミニウムである、微粒子組成物。
- 疾患診断のための、請求項10〜14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物の使用。
- 疾患処置のための、請求項10〜14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物の使用。
- ワクチンのための、請求項10〜14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物の使用。
- 免疫応答を惹起するための、請求項10〜14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物の使用。
- 脊椎動物被検体に治療有効量のポリペプチド含有分子を送達する方法であって、該方法は、
請求項10〜14のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物を、該脊椎動物被検体に投与する工程
を包含する、方法。 - 請求項7に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記抗原が、ポリペプチドに結合体化した多糖を含む、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項17に記載の使用であって、前記ワクチンが非経口ワクチンである、使用。
- 微粒子組成物を生成するための方法であって、該方法は、
(a)界面活性剤を用いない乳化プロセスにより微粒子を形成する工程であって、該微粒子は、ポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクタム、ポリオルトエステル、ポリ無水物、およびポリシアノアクリレートからなる群より選択されるポリマーを含む、工程;ならびに
(b)ポリペプチド含有分子を該微粒子表面上に吸着させて、該微粒子組成物を形成する工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 請求項22に記載の方法であって、前記乳化プロセスは、
(a)有機溶媒、水、および前記ポリマーを含むエマルジョンを形成する工程;ならびに
(b)該エマルジョンから該有機溶媒を除去して、微粒子を形成する工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 請求項23に記載の方法であって、前記エマルジョンが、水中油中水エマルジョンであり、該水中油中水エマルジョンは、
(a)前記ポリマーと前記有機溶媒とを含む有機相を、水を含む第1水相を用いて乳化して、油中水エマルジョンを形成する工程;ならびに
(b)水を含む第2水相を、該工程(a)において形成されたエマルジョンを用いて乳化して、水中油中水エマルジョンを形成する工程、
を包含するプロセスによって形成される、方法。 - 請求項24に記載の方法であって、前記乳化工程が、高剪断ホモジナイザーにて実行される、方法。
- 請求項22〜25のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記ポリマーが、ポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)である、方法。
- 請求項22〜25のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記ポリマーが、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)である、方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法であって、前記ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)が、25:75〜75:25の範囲にあるラクチド/グリコリドモル比を有し、かつ10,000ダルトン〜100,000ダルトンの範囲にある分子量を有する、方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法であって、前記ポリマーが、ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)であり、該ポリ(D,L−ラクチド−co−グリコリド)は、40:60〜60:40の範囲にあるラクチド/グリコリドモル比を有し、かつ20,000ダルトン〜70,000ダルトンの範囲にある分子量を有する、方法。
- 請求項22〜29のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記ポリペプチド含有分子が抗原である、方法。
- 請求項30に記載の方法であって、前記抗原が、HIV抗原、髄膜炎B群抗原、連鎖球菌抗原、B型肝炎ウイルス抗原、C型肝炎ウイルス抗原、Haemophilus influenza B型抗原、百日咳抗原、ジフテリア抗原、破傷風抗原、Helicobater pylori抗原、およびインフルエンザA型赤血球凝集素抗原から選択される、方法。
- 請求項30に記載の方法であって、前記抗原が、HIV gp41抗原、HIV gp120抗原、HIV gp140抗原、HIV p24gag抗原、HIV p55gag抗原、髄膜炎B群組換えタンパク質287抗原、およびB群連鎖球菌抗原からなる群より選択される、方法。
- 請求項22〜32のうちのいずれか1項に記載のプロセスにより形成される、微粒子組成物。
- 請求項22〜32のうちのいずれか1項に記載の方法であって、前記吸着したポリペプチド含有分子と前記ポリマーとの重量対重量比が、0.001:1と0.1:1との間の範囲にある、方法。
- 請求項1〜14、20および33のうちのいずれか1項に記載の微粒子組成物であって、前記吸着したポリペプチド含有分子と前記ポリマーとの重量対重量比が、0.01:1と0.05:1との間の範囲にある、微粒子組成物。
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- 2003-02-20 ES ES03711136.6T patent/ES2607431T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
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EP1531796A4 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
ES2607431T3 (es) | 2017-03-31 |
WO2003070909A2 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
JP2010070555A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
AU2003215316A1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
JP2013231069A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
CA2476626A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
JP2016006109A (ja) | 2016-01-14 |
WO2003070909A3 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
JP5832485B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 |
US20050220883A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
US7501134B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
AU2003215316A8 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
EP1531796A2 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
EP1531796B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2572707A3 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
EP2572707A2 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
JP4646516B2 (ja) | 2011-03-09 |
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