JP2006288734A - Trunk visceral fat measuring method and its apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the simple and precise measurement of a trunk visceral fat tissue. <P>SOLUTION: The impedance of the lower limbs, the impedance of the upper limbs and the biological impedance of the trunk are measured. A skeletal muscle tissue volume of the lower limbs is acquired on the basis of the biological impedance of the lower limbs and the somatic specification information, and a skeletal muscle tissue volume of the upper limbs is acquired on the basis of the biological impedance of the upper limbs and the somatic specification information. A skeletal muscle tissue volume of the trunk is acquired on the basis of the skeletal muscle tissue volume of the lower limbs, the skeletal muscle tissue volume of the upper limbs and the somatic specification information, and the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is acquired on the basis of the skeletal muscle tissue volume of the trunk and the somatic specification information. A volume of the internal organic tissue of the trunk is acquired on the basis of the somatic specification information, and the impedance of the internal organic tissue of the trunk is acquired on the basis of the volume of the internal organic tissue of the trunk and the somatic specification information. The impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue is acquired on the basis of the biological impedance of the trunk, the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organic tissue of the trunk, and the volume of the trunk visceral fat tissue is acquired on the basis of the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue and the somatic specification information. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a trunk visceral fat measurement method and apparatus.

  The body fat estimation technique by BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) has spread to the world as a technique for measuring body fat and body fat percentage, but in reality, the lean body tissue LBM (dominant in water other than the fat tissue FM) It is an electrical measurement of Lean Body Mass) or FFM (Fat Free Mass). In particular, in the whole body measurement, in the conventional type, the model between one hand and one leg is modeled as a single cylinder in the supine position (one hand-one leg guidance method). The guidance method between both palms for measuring in a standing posture as disclosed, the guidance method between the backs of both legs integrated with a weight scale as disclosed in Patent Document 2, upper limb and lower limb, or upper limb and lower limb and body A technique for measuring impedance by making it possible to individually apply a cylindrical model divided into five segments such as the trunk, left and right upper limbs, left and right lower limbs, and trunk has also become apparent.

  Further segmentation has progressed, and the amount of skeletal muscle tissue for each segment is measured by a measurement technique in which the left and right limbs as disclosed in Patent Document 3 are divided into a distal part and a proximal part, and the whole body is subdivided into nine segments. This information has been revealed for research purposes. However, from the above explanation, the balance between each segment is a limited group (design adapted to the living environment under its own gravity under the gravity of the earth), so the correlation between each part is also high, and the body composition of the whole body is As far as the estimation was concerned, even a simple peripheral measurement method could provide reasonably useful information.

JP-A-7-51242 Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-49050 WO2002 / 043586 pamphlet

  However, information on body adipose tissue is particularly useful for screening lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The importance of measurement is increasing day by day.

  Visceral adipose tissue is an adipose tissue that is concentrated in the vicinity of the abdomen of the trunk, and has been determined by the cross-sectional area of the adipose tissue in an abdominal cross-sectional image by X-ray CТ or MRI. However, the apparatus is large-scale, and in the case of X-rays, there is a problem of exposure, and there is a cost, which is not suitable for measurement in the field and home. Therefore, the visceral fat tissue is generally estimated from the correlation with the whole body fat or the correlation with the whole body lean body tissue, and sufficient reliability has not been ensured even for screening.

  Even if the visceral adipose tissue is estimated by the estimation method in which the impedance information for each segment by the segment guidance method divided into upper limbs, lower limbs and trunk, or the skeletal muscle tissue amount obtained from the information is put in the multiple regression equation, Since the correlation with the body weight is high, adding weight information as an explanatory variable reduces the contribution, and the trunk also has a high correlation with the lower limbs and thighs, and has similar problems and measurement skills (body If it is not measured when the stem composition is stable, for example, immediately after drinking or eating, or when a large amount of urine is retained in the bladder, etc., and its reliability is low (because the measured value is small, the S / N is low) The reality is that no significant improvement can be expected. In other words, the impedance of the trunk is very small compared to the extremities, and it is also a site where research on evaluating usefulness has not progressed much.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the conventional problems as described above, and particularly to adipose tissue accumulated in the trunk, particularly adipose tissue attached to and accumulated around the internal organ tissue and the subcutaneous layer. It is an object to provide a method and an apparatus that can easily and easily measure adipose tissue information to be accumulated.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a trunk visceral fat measurement method characterized in that a trunk visceral fat tissue amount is obtained based on body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance, upper limb bioimpedance, and trunk bioimpedance. Provided.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, The lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the measured lower limb bioimpedance and body specifying information, the upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the measured upper limb bioimpedance and body specifying information, and the obtained The amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue is determined based on the amount of lower limb skeletal muscle tissue, the amount of upper limb skeletal muscle tissue and the body specifying information, and the amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue and the amount of body specifying information are determined. The impedance of the muscle tissue layer is obtained, the impedance of the internal organ tissue is obtained based on the body specifying information, the bioimpedance of the obtained trunk, and the obtained trunk bone The impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue is obtained based on the impedance of the muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk, and the trunk viscera based on the obtained impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the body specifying information Determine the amount of adipose tissue.

  According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb, and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, The lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the measured lower limb bioimpedance and body specifying information, the upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the measured upper limb bioimpedance and body specifying information, and the obtained The amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue is determined based on the amount of lower limb skeletal muscle tissue, the amount of upper limb skeletal muscle tissue and the body specifying information, and the amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue and the amount of body specifying information are determined. The impedance of the muscle tissue layer is determined, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is determined based on the body specific information, and the internal organ tissue impedance is determined based on the body specific information. Based on the obtained bioimpedance of the trunk, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk, and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk. The impedance of the visceral adipose tissue is obtained, and the amount of the visceral adipose tissue is obtained based on the obtained impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue and the body specifying information.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring trunk visceral adipose tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, Based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limbs, bioimpedance of the upper limbs and body specifying information, a trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained, and the trunk is obtained based on the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specifying information. The impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is obtained, the impedance of the internal organ tissue is obtained based on the body specifying information, the bioimpedance of the obtained trunk, the impedance of the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the inside of the trunk The impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue is obtained based on the impedance of the organ tissue, and the impedance of the obtained trunk visceral adipose tissue And obtaining the trunk visceral fat tissue volume based on the body specifying information.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring trunk visceral adipose tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, Based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limbs, bioimpedance of the upper limbs and body specifying information, a trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained, and the trunk is obtained based on the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specifying information. Obtaining the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, obtaining the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk based on the body specifying information, obtaining the impedance of the internal organ tissue based on the body specifying information, Impedance, impedance of trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer obtained, impedance of trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer and trunk internal organ tissue Obtains the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue based on the impedance, obtains the trunk visceral fat tissue volume on the basis of the impedance and the body specifying information of the trunk visceral fat tissue obtained the.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance is obtained based on the subcutaneous fat tissue amount and the body specifying information, by determining a subcutaneous fat tissue amount of the trunk from the body specifying information. Desired.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, based on the obtained trunk bio-impedance and the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance and trunk internal organ tissue impedance. The step of obtaining the impedance of the adipose tissue includes the step of obtaining an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk with respect to a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the visceral adipose tissue of the trunk. Are assumed to be connected in parallel.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the obtained trunk bioimpedance, the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance, the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance, and the trunk internal organs The step of obtaining the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance of the tissue includes the step of obtaining an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk, a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue In contrast, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer are connected in parallel.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the internal organ tissue impedance is obtained on the basis of the internal organ tissue amount and the body specifying information by obtaining an internal organ tissue amount from the body specifying information.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, body specifying information acquiring means for acquiring body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring lower limb bioimpedance, and upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring upper limb bioimpedance , Trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring trunk bioimpedance, and trunk visceral adipose tissue for obtaining the amount of trunk visceral adipose tissue based on these body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance, upper limb bioimpedance and trunk bioimpedance A trunk visceral fat measuring device comprising an amount estimating means is provided.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, in a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, and a bioimpedance of an upper limb Upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring body trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring trunk bioimpedance, and limb skeletal muscle tissue based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and body specifying information Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating the amount, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating the upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount based on the measured bioimpedance and body specific information of the upper limb, and the estimated lower limb Trunk skeleton for estimating trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume based on skeletal muscle tissue volume, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume and body specific information Tissue amount estimation means, trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specification information, and body specification information Internal organ tissue impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the above, the estimated bioimpedance of the trunk, the impedance of the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the inside of the trunk Trunk visceral fat impedance estimating means for estimating impedance of trunk visceral fat tissue based on impedance of organ tissue, and trunk visceral fat based on the estimated impedance of trunk visceral fat tissue and body specifying information A trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for estimating a tissue amount.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, and a living body of an upper limb Upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring impedance, trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring trunk bioimpedance, and lower limb skeletal muscle based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and body specifying information Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating tissue amount, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount based on the measured bioimpedance and body specific information of the upper limb, and the estimated Trunk to estimate trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume based on lower limb skeletal muscle tissue volume, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume and body specific information Skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means, trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimating means for estimating impedance of trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specifying information, and body identification Trunk fat adipose tissue layer impedance estimating means for estimating the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk based on the localization information, and organs in the trunk for estimating the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the body specifying information Based on the tissue impedance estimation means, the estimated trunk bioimpedance, the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance, the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance, and the trunk internal organ tissue impedance Trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means for estimating impedance of trunk visceral adipose tissue, and the estimated trunk fat group And a trunk visceral fat tissue volume estimating means for estimating the trunk visceral fat tissue volume on the basis of the impedance and the body specifying information.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, and a living body of an upper limb Upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring impedance, trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring trunk bioimpedance, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb, bioimpedance of the upper limb and body specifying information Based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity estimation means for estimating the trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity and body specifying information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is estimated Trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means and the impedance of internal organ tissue of the trunk based on body specific information Trunk organ visceral fat based on the estimated trunk organ tissue impedance estimation means, the estimated trunk bioimpedance, the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance and trunk internal organ tissue impedance Trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimation means for estimating tissue impedance, and trunk visceral adipose tissue amount for estimating the trunk visceral adipose tissue amount based on the estimated trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance and body specifying information And an estimation means.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, in a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, and a living body of an upper limb Upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring impedance, trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring trunk bioimpedance, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb, bioimpedance of the upper limb and body specifying information Based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity estimation means for estimating the trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue quantity and body specifying information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is estimated Trunk Skeletal Muscle Tissue Layer Impedance Estimator and Impeder of Trunk Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Layer Based on Body Specific Information Trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating the body trunk internal organ tissue impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk based on the body specifying information, and the biological body of the estimated trunk The trunk viscera for estimating the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance, the estimated impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk A fat tissue impedance estimating means, and a trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for estimating a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on the estimated trunk visceral fat tissue impedance and body specifying information.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimating means estimates the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue of the trunk from the body specifying information, and the estimated subcutaneous fat tissue of the trunk Based on the quantity and the body specific information, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is estimated.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk includes the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the trunk visceral adipose tissue. The estimation is performed assuming that the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is connected in parallel to the series circuit with the impedance.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk includes the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the trunk visceral adipose tissue. The estimation is performed assuming that the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer are connected in parallel to the series circuit with the impedance.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk internal organ tissue impedance estimation means estimates the internal organ tissue amount of the trunk from the body specifying information, and the estimated internal organ tissue amount of the trunk And trunk organ impedance are estimated based on the body specifying information.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the body specifying information is information indicating physical characteristics.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the information indicating the physical characteristics includes height, sex, weight, age, limb length (lower limb length, upper limb length), trunk length (mid-trunk length). Abdominal circumference, abdominal width, abdominal thickness, and the like.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measuring device estimates the trunk abdominal fat tissue mass from the estimated trunk visceral fat tissue mass and the estimated trunk subcutaneous fat tissue mass. And a trunk abdominal fat tissue amount estimating means.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measuring device uses a trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio from the estimated trunk visceral fat tissue amount and the estimated trunk subcutaneous fat tissue amount. And a trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio estimating means for estimating

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measuring device removes the influence of fluctuation due to respiration based on the bioimpedance of the trunk measured at a sampling period shorter than the respiration period time. Fluctuation effect removing means is further provided.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measuring device performs an abnormal value determination process by comparing the measured biological impedance of the trunk with a general value of a group. Processing means is further provided.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measurement device further includes display means for displaying advice information based on the determination result by the abnormal value determination processing means.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk bioimpedance measuring means includes an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the upper right limb and the right lower limb, and an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the left upper limb and the right lower limb. And an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the upper right limb and the left lower limb, and an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the left upper limb and the left lower limb. An abdominal organ tissue etc. abnormality determination processing means for performing an abdominal organ tissue etc. abnormality determination process based on the above is further provided.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral fat measurement device further includes display means for displaying advice information based on a determination result by the abnormality determination processing means for the abdominal organ tissue or the like.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue amount is represented by a trunk visceral fat percentage.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue amount is represented by a trunk visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional area.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue volume is represented by a trunk visceral adipose tissue volume.

  According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue mass is represented by a trunk visceral adipose tissue weight.

  According to the present invention, high-accuracy screening information can be made obvious while following the conventional simple measurement method for the adhesion in the vicinity of internal organ tissue and the accumulation of accumulated fat tissue according to the level.

  According to the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for the user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation for it. Can be very useful.

  Before describing the embodiments and examples of the present invention in detail, the measurement principle of the visceral adipose tissue of the trunk of the present invention will be described. The present invention basically uses bioelectrical impedance information and body specific information for each segment obtained by limb guidance methods such as upper limbs (arms), lower limbs (legs), trunk (middle trunk), etc. Visceral adipose tissue information (cross-sectional area volume, volume or weight) of trunk abdominal (middle), ratio of trunk visceral adipose tissue to subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (V / S), and subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue The total fat tissue amount (trunk abdominal fat tissue amount) can be estimated.

For this reason, the present invention makes full use of the following technique.
(1) Assume that the tissue information included in the bioelectrical impedance information of the trunk abdomen is a series-parallel equivalent circuit model of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the internal organ tissue, and the visceral fat tissue. Consider internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue in series.

(2) When the abdominal circumference (or abdominal width or abdominal thickness) can be secured as body specifying information, the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue is also included in the equivalent circuit model as a high-accuracy model, Assume a series-parallel equivalent circuit model with skeletal muscle tissue layer, internal organ tissue and visceral adipose tissue.

(3) Subcutaneous adipose tissue mass estimation is made up of multiple regression equations with the abdominal circumference in the body specifying information as the main explanatory variable. Furthermore, put the square of the waist circumference as the main explanatory variable.

(4) Reveal the skeletal muscle tissue layer information of the trunk abdomen (middle) using bioelectrical impedance information and body specific information for each segment obtained by the limb guidance method for the upper limb (arm) and lower limb (leg) And used to determine uncertain information for visceral adipose tissue information estimation.

(5) The determination of internal organ tissue information is made up of multiple regression equations with body height information as the main explanatory variable in the body specific information, and is used to determine uncertain information for visceral fat tissue information estimation. .

(6) Tissue cross-sectional area (CSA: Cross-Section Area) from X-ray CT tomographic images at the umbilical position is the standard measurement of the tissue used for multiple regression analysis (calibration curve creation method) to quantify each tissue And volumetric tissue volume and weight using the DEXA method and MRI method (integration processing for each slice in the length direction) in the whole trunk abdomen and CSA by MRI method Can be calculated from tissue density information). In the DEXA method, the total adipose tissue information of the total of the abdominal visceral adipose tissue and the subcutaneous adipose tissue can be measured as a reference.

(7) In order to be able to capture visceral adipose tissue information with high accuracy using the method as described above, it is necessary to replace the fluctuation of the measured impedance information of the trunk due to respiration with a constant condition value, Impedance measurement Sampling cycle is within 1/2 of general respiratory cycle, respiratory change is monitored in time series, maximum value and minimum value for each respiratory cycle are determined for each respiratory cycle, and rest breathing The median of can be supplemented.

(8) Further, it is possible to check in advance of adverse effects caused by eating and drinking before the measurement and retention of bladder and urine from the measured impedance information. In general, the information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer is dominantly reflected in the impedance value of the trunk abdomen in a healthy general subject group. In addition, information on the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk is very small as a measurement value, and no great difference is recognized between individuals. The reason is that the design is highly correlated with anti-gravity muscles that support and develop their own weight under the earth's gravity, so subjects who are specially bedridden and not affected by gravity, or athletes who are subject to several times the stress of their own weight This is because it is almost determined by body size except for special groups. Therefore, the estimation of the amount of skeletal muscle tissue of the trunk abdomen can be expected to achieve a better measurement sensitivity from the limb skeletal muscle tissue layer. Here, the influence on the impedance of the trunk abdomen other than the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the respiratory fluctuation is an adverse effect due to food and drink and bladder and urine storage. Therefore, when the impedance value of the middle trunk is collected as collective data, and the average value [mean] and deviation [SD] are viewed, the effects of food and drink and urinary bladder retention may be in the range exceeding 2SD. all right. However, considering even a semi-general group such as athletes to a certain extent, 3SD can be used as a criterion to screen for this effect.

(9) Furthermore, the change of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue of the trunk abdomen due to local inflammation is also determined by the trunk abdominal impedance value from different induction methods (four types) of the limb induction method. From the comparison, it can be specified to some extent. Therefore, it is considered possible to check the condition of internal organ tissues and skeletal muscle tissue layers from the viewpoint of changes in body fluid distribution in the trunk abdomen that can be taken as pathological such as inflammation.

  Next, the measurement principle of the present invention based on the above-described method will be described in detail step by step.

1. Concept of trunk division (1) When the trunk is divided into upper / middle / lower, the relationship of the development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is as follows.
(A) The upper trunk has a high correlation with the upper limb, and in particular, a high correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the proximal upper arm.
(B) The lower trunk has a high correlation with the lower limbs, and in particular, a high correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the proximal thigh.
(C) The middle part of the trunk has a high correlation with the thigh muscle tissue amount of the lower limbs (because the large psoas muscle and intestinal psoas muscle that control the thighs of the lower limbs are large as occupied muscle amounts).

(2) The skeletal muscle tissue layer of the middle trunk (abdomen) is composed of the abdominal muscle group and the back muscle group, which serve as joints for the upper and lower limbs (such as left and right rotational movements and forward and backward bending and stretching movements). Has functional development.

2. Estimating the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the middle trunk from the extremities (3) Therefore, the skeletal muscle tissue development (quantity) of the middle trunk is closely related to the development of the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the upper and lower limbs. That is, the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the middle of the trunk can be estimated from the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper and lower limbs. With the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the middle trunk as the dependent variable, the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper limbs and the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the lower limbs are set as independent explanatory variables, and a multiple regression equation is created. Can be estimated.
Trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMtm] = a0 * Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMl] + b0 * Upper limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMu] + c0
Here, a0, b0 and c0 are regression coefficients and are constants.

(4) It is clear from previous studies that the amount of skeletal muscle tissue of the extremities can be estimated from the impedance measurement value of the measurement section and the length information of the section.
Lower limb skeletal muscle tissue mass [MMl] = a1 * Ll ² / Zl + b1
Upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMu] = a2 * Lu 2} / Zu + b2 ··· Formula 3
Here, a1, a2, b1, and b2 are regression coefficients and constants. Ll: Length of the lower limb, Lu is the length of the upper limb, Zl is the impedance value of the lower limb, and Zu is the impedance value of the upper limb.

(5) Limb length may be estimated from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, gender, age, etc. for general subjects (especially height information by gender is highly useful) ).

(6) Similarly, by adding body-specific information such as gender, age, weight, etc. as explanatory variables to the estimation formulas for the skeletal muscle tissue volume and middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume of the upper and lower limbs, It is also possible to slightly correct the qualitative changes in the nervous system and tissue due to aging.

(7) The skeletal muscle mass determined by the MRI method and the DEXA method is used for the measurement on the reference side when creating the multiple regression estimation formula.

(8) In addition, as a simpler method that can be expected to improve accuracy, when trunk and limb length information is estimated from body-specific information such as height, other than trunk and limb length information obtained by measurement In this method, the impedance information of the extremities is directly incorporated into the estimation formula of the mid-trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount.
Middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMtm] = a3 * H 2} / Zl + b3 * H 2 / Zu + c3 ··· formula 4
Here, a3, b3, and c3 are regression coefficients and constants. H is the height, Zl is the lower limb impedance value, and Zu is the upper limb impedance value.

(9) As a method that can be expected to improve the accuracy, when the trunk length information is further obtained by measurement, the following estimation equation can be modified.
For equations 1-3
Middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume [MMtm] = a0 '* lower limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMl] * Ltm 2 / Ltm} ' 2 + b0 '* upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume ^{[MMu] * Ltm 2 / Ltm} ' 2 + c0 '... Formula 5
Here, a0 ′, b0 ′, and c0 ′ are regression coefficients and constants. Ltm is the trunk length (or mid-trunk length). Ltm ′ is an estimated value of the trunk length (or middle trunk length) from the limb length or height.
Ltm '= aa * Ll + bb * Lu + cc ... Formula 5-1
Or
Ltm '= aa1 * H + bb1 ・ ・ ・ Equation 5-2
Here, aa, aa1, bb, bb1, and cc are regression coefficients and constants.

(10) In the case of expecting further improvement in accuracy, there is a demerit that increases the restraint on measurement (it is less convenient), but there is a method using information on the proximal part of the limb. By applying or attaching a voltage measurement electrode to the knee elbow, measurement can be performed by the same limb guidance method as that for limb measurement. That is, the information on the proximal part excluding the distal part is more useful as the information related to the skeletal muscle tissue layer in the middle trunk than the information on the lower limbs and upper limbs from the distal side. In other words, the upper arm (proximal upper limb) has a high correlation with the upper trunk and the thigh (proximal lower limb) has a high correlation with the lower trunk, and the upper trunk, middle and lower sections also have a useful relationship. Therefore, the method used to estimate the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the middle of the trunk by measuring the amount of thigh skeletal muscle tissue and the amount of upper arm skeletal muscle tissue with respect to the amount of skeletal muscle tissue in the upper and lower limbs is the same procedure as above. An estimation formula can be created with.

(11) As an example of the way of thinking about the skeletal muscle tissue layer of the trunk,
(A) Since the upper and lower trunks are highly correlated with the upper and lower limbs, the upper part is regarded as the upper limb and the lower part is regarded as the lower limb.
(B) There is an idea that the upper and lower trunks are combined with the middle trunk and regarded as the trunk.
In any of the methods, since the correlation between the individual is high by placing the subject in a range where a normal healthy person or a self-sustainable life close to that is normal, there is no big difference in either way of thinking.

3. Electrical Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Trunk Structure Tissue (12) Trunk impedance obtained by the limb guidance method is information on the middle trunk. This impedance will be described in detail in the description of the embodiment described later.

(13) The tissue constituting the middle trunk can be considered as a subcutaneous adipose tissue layer, a skeletal muscle tissue layer (abdominal muscle group, back muscle group), an internal organ tissue and a visceral adipose tissue adhering to a gap therebetween. Here, the bone tissue is not listed as a constituent tissue, but the bone tissue has a very high quantitative correlation with the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and is considered as an integral tissue body. The volume resistivity is considered to have a property that is considerably good in conductivity by including bone marrow tissue and the like in a living body, and has characteristics close to those of a skeletal muscle tissue layer and internal organ tissue. Therefore, when these four tissues are represented by an electrical equivalent circuit model, the internal organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue are configured in series, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer and the skeletal muscle tissue layer are parallel to the serial composite tissue, respectively. Configured. The equivalent circuit model will be described in detail in the description of the embodiment described later. According to this model, a current flows predominantly through the skeletal muscle tissue layer when energized in the length direction of the trunk. Since visceral adipose tissue adheres to the gaps around the internal organ tissue, when there is no visceral adipose tissue, or when there is little visceral adipose tissue, the internal organ tissue exhibits conductivity close to that of the skeletal muscle tissue layer. Also, a current is applied. In addition, as the visceral adipose tissue increases, the energization amount to the synthetic tissue layer as a complex of the visceral organ tissue and the visceral adipose tissue decreases. The model impedance when the measured impedance of the middle trunk and the four tissues constituting it are expressed by an equivalent circuit model can be expressed as follows.
Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) (6)
here,
Impedance of the whole trunk: Ztm
Impedance of subcutaneous adipose tissue layer: ZFS: Volume resistivity is large.
Impedance of skeletal muscle tissue layer: ZMM: Volume resistivity is small.
Impedance of internal organ tissue: ZVM ... It is considered as volume resistivity close to the skeletal muscle tissue layer.
Impedance of visceral adipose tissue: ZFV: Volume resistivity is considered to be equal to or slightly smaller than the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer. Since the synthetic decomposition of fat is faster than that of subcutaneous fat, it is considered that there are many blood vessels in the tissue and blood volume.
Therefore, the comparison of electrical characteristics between tissues is
ZFS >> (ZVM + ZFV) >> ZMM ・ ・ ・ Expression 7
it is conceivable that.
From the relational expressions of Equations 6 and 7, there can be considered a method that enables visceral fat tissue information to be estimated by the following two approaches.

(14) Approach 1
Since the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer has a higher volume resistivity compared with other constituent tissues, it is omitted from the viewpoint of an equivalent circuit in the middle of the trunk. That is, it can be considered that the information of lean tissue including visceral fat tissue excluding the subcutaneous fat tissue layer in the middle trunk is measured in the impedance value measured in the middle trunk. Therefore, this relational expression can be expressed as follows.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) ・ ・ ・ Formula 8
If Equation 8 is transformed,
1 / Ztm ≒ 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) ・ ・ ・ Equation 9
By revealing the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue in this formula by means described below, the impedance ZFV of the visceral fat tissue can be calculated. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue. When ZFV is derived from Expression 9, the following Expression 10 is obtained, and impedance information having information on visceral adipose tissue can be obtained.
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm-1 / ZMM]-ZVM ... Equation 10

(15) Approach 2
In approach 1 above, the subcutaneous fat tissue layer was omitted, but it can be an error factor for a subject having a large amount of subcutaneous fat tissue layer, and thus the method proceeds with Equation 6.
In this formula, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue are the same as those described above, and the impedance information for the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is the same as that of other tissues. There is a useful relationship with the amount of tissue. Here, it is generally reported that the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue has a very high correlation with the perimeter of the tissue surface, that is, the abdominal circumference (particularly for subjects with a lot of subcutaneous adipose tissue, Alternatively, the subcutaneous adipose tissue layer can be estimated from the abdominal circumference information. Therefore, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated from information on the abdominal circumference. Hereinafter, the impedance ZFV of the visceral adipose tissue can be calculated by a method similar to the above approach. The visceral fat tissue amount can be estimated from the impedance information of the visceral fat tissue.
By transforming Equation 6,
1 / Ztm = 1 / ZFS + 1 / ZMM + 1 / (ZVM + ZFV) Equation 11
ZFV = 1 / [1 / Ztm−1 / ZMM−1 / ZFS] −ZVM ・ ・ ・ Equation 12

4). Estimating impedance [ZVM] from internal organ tissue volume [VM] (16) Estimating internal organ tissue volume [VM] in the middle trunk from body (individual) specific information such as height, weight, sex, and age I can do it. Among the explanatory variables, the influence of the height term is large.
For men: Internal organ tissue volume [VM] = a4 * Height [H] + b4 * Weight [W] + c4 * Age [Age] + d4 ... Formula 13-1
For women: Internal organ tissue mass [VM] = a5 * Height [H] + b5 * Weight [W] + c5 * Age [Age] + d5 ... Formula 13-2
Here, a4, a5, b4, b5, c4, c5, d4, and d5 are regression coefficients and constants.
The reference amount of visceral adipose tissue volume VM used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is obtained by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(17) Next, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
VM ∝ LVM ² / ZVM ・ ・ ・ Formula 14-1
When deformed,
ZVM ∝ LVM ² / VM ・ ・ ・ Formula 14-2
Here, LVM is a virtual cylinder length when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with trunk length [Lt], trunk mid-length [Ltm] and height [H],
LVM ∝ Lt ∝ Ltm ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Equation 15
Therefore, instead of LVM, if you substitute height H (if actual trunk information can be obtained, use Lt or Ltm in the formula),
^{ZVM = a6 * H 2 / VM} + b6 ··· formula 16
Thus, the impedance ZVM of the internal organ tissue can be estimated.
Here, a6 and b6 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 16 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by using a multiple regression equation in which body specific information is incorporated as an explanatory variable.
^{Men: ZVM = a7 * H 2 /} VM + b7 * H + c7 * W + d7 * Age + e7 ··· formula 17-1
For women: ZVM = a8 * H ² / VM + b8 * H + c8 * W + d8 * Age + e8 ... Formula 17-2
Here, a7, a8, b7, b8, c7, c8, d7, d8, e7, e8 are regression coefficients and are constants.

5. Estimating Impedance [ZMM] from Skeletal Muscle Tissue Mass [MM] (18) Skeletal muscle tissue mass [MM] in the middle trunk is calculated from the limb skeletal muscle tissue mass (limb impedance information) ) From the mid-trunk skeletal muscle tissue volume [MMtm].
MM = MMtm ・ ・ ・ Formula 18

(19) Next, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
MM ∝ Ltm ² / ZMM ・ ・ ・ Formula 19-1
When deformed,
ZMM ∝ Ltm ² / MM ・ ・ ・ Formula 19-2
Here, Ltm is the mid-length of the trunk when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with the trunk length [Lt] and height [H],
Ltm ∝ Lt ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Formula 20
Therefore, instead of Ltm, if you substitute height H (when trunk actual measurement information Ltm, Lt is not obtained),
^{ZMM = a9 * H 2 / MM} + b9 ··· formula 21
Thus, the impedance ZMM of the skeletal muscle tissue layer can be estimated.
Here, a9 and b9 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 21 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by making it a multiple regression equation by the same procedure as described above incorporating body specifying information as an explanatory variable.

6). Estimation of impedance [ZFS] from subcutaneous fat tissue volume [FS] (20) The subcutaneous fat tissue volume [FS] in the middle of the trunk can be estimated from the abdominal circumference [Lw] ² . Furthermore, accuracy improvement can be expected by adding other body specific information as an explanatory variable to obtain a multiple regression equation.
For men: Subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS] = a10 * abdominal circumference [Lw] ² + b10 * height [H] + c10 * body weight [W] + d10 * age [Age] + e10 ... Equation 22-1
For women: Subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS] = a11 * abdominal circumference [Lw] ² + b11 * height [H] + c11 * body weight [W] + d11 * age [Age] + e11 ... Formula 22-2
Here, a10, a11, b10, b11, c10, c11, d10, d11, e10, e11 are regression coefficients and constants.
The standard amount of subcutaneous fat tissue volume FS used in this calibration curve (regression equation) is measured by integrating the CSA (tissue cross-sectional area) for each slice obtained by the MRI method or X-ray CТ method in the length direction. The calculated tissue volume or CSA from one slice such as the umbilical position. The tissue volume can be converted into a tissue amount by converting the tissue density information known in prior research papers into weight.

(21) Next, the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is estimated.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
FS ∝ Ltm ² / ZFS ・ ・ ・ Formula 23-1
When deformed,
ZFS α Ltm ² / FS ··· formula 23-2
Here, Ltm is the mid-length of the trunk when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with the trunk length [Lt] and height [H],
Ltm ∝ Lt ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Formula 20
Therefore, instead of Ltm, if you substitute height H (when trunk actual measurement information Ltm, Lt is not obtained),
ZFS = a12 * H ² / FS + b12 Equation 24
Thus, the impedance ZFS of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer can be estimated.
Here, a12 and b12 are regression coefficients and constants.
Although this equation 24 is a single regression equation, an improvement in estimation accuracy can be expected by making it a multiple regression equation by the same procedure as described above, which incorporates body specifying information as an explanatory variable.

7. Estimating the amount of visceral adipose tissue [FV] (22) The impedance [ZFV] of the visceral adipose tissue is obtained by using Equation 10 or Equation 12, the measured impedance [Ztm] of the middle trunk, and the internal organ tissue obtained by Equations 16 and 17. And the impedance [ZMM] of the skeletal muscle tissue layer obtained by the equation 21 or the impedance [ZFS] of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer obtained by the equation 24.

(23) The visceral fat tissue volume [FV] is estimated from the impedance [ZFV] information of the visceral fat tissue.
For each tissue, a cylindrical model is applied in order to be able to express the relationship between the impedance and the tissue amount by an expression. The application formula can be expressed as follows.
FV ∝ LFV ² / ZFV ... Formula 25
Here, LFV is a virtual cylinder length when modeling a cylinder, but because there is a high correlation with trunk length [Lt], trunk mid-length [Ltm] and height [H],
LFV ∝ Lt ∝ Ltm ∝ H ・ ・ ・ Equation 26
Therefore, instead of LFV, if you substitute height H (if actual trunk information is available, use Lt or Ltm in the formula)
^{FV = a13 * H 2 / ZFV} + b13 ··· formula 27
Thus, the visceral fat tissue amount FV can be estimated.
Here, a13 and b13 are regression coefficients and are constants.
Although this equation 27 is a single regression equation, it can be expected that the estimation accuracy can be improved by using a multiple regression equation in which body-specific information is incorporated as an explanatory variable.
For ^{men: FV = a14 * H 2 /} ZFV + b14 * H + c14 * W + d14 * Age + e14 ··· formula 28-1
^{Women: FV = a15 * H 2 /} ZFV + b15 * H + c15 * W + d15 * Age + e15 ··· formula 28-2
Here, a14, a15, b14, b15, c14, c15, d14, d15, e14, e15 are regression coefficients and are constants.

8). Estimation of trunk abdominal fat tissue mass [FM] (24) Abdominal fat tissue mass [FM] is calculated from subcutaneous fat tissue mass [FS] from Equation 22 and visceral adipose tissue mass [FV] from Equation 27 or Equation 28. You can ask.
FM = FS + FV ... Formula 29

(25) As another method for estimating the abdominal adipose tissue volume [FM], the abdominal adipose tissue volume is measured using the DEXA method as reference measurement information, and the subcutaneous adipose tissue volume [FS] from Expression 22 and Expression 27 or By using the main parameter of the visceral fat tissue volume [FV] from Equation 28 as an explanatory variable, the abdominal fat tissue volume [FM] can be estimated. That is, a multiple regression equation is created from the abdominal circumference [Lw] ² , H ² / ZFV, and body specifying information.

9. Estimating the trunk abdominal visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] (26) The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio [V / S] is calculated from the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue [FS] from Equation 22 and Equation 27 or Equation 28. It can be determined from the amount of visceral adipose tissue [FV].
V / S = FV / FS ... Equation 30

10. Concept of internal organ tissue abnormality judgment by trunk abdominal (middle) impedance (27) The impedance Ztm of trunk abdomen (middle) necessary for visceral adipose tissue amount estimation above is also a part that varies greatly due to breathing and eating and drinking Therefore, it is necessary to measure information with high stability and reliability. Therefore, highly reliable impedance information of the trunk abdomen can be secured by applying the following processing. Further, it is possible to determine a tissue abnormality of the trunk abdomen from the viewpoint as information relating to the disturbance of the body fluid distribution of the partial trunk.

(28) Removal of influence of fluctuation due to respiration (a) Impedance of trunk abdomen is measured at a sampling period shorter than 1/2 of a general respiration period time.
(B) A smoothing process such as moving average is performed on the measurement data for each sampling.
(C) From the time series data after processing, the periodicity of respiration and the maximum and minimum values for each cycle are detected.
(D) A maximum value and a minimum value for each period are averaged separately.
(E) The average value of the maximum value and the minimum value is averaged, and the median value of respiration is calculated.
(F) When the median value of respiration per respiratory cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times, it is determined that the median respiratory value is confirmed, and the determined median impedance value is registered as the trunk abdominal impedance value. The measurement is completed.

(29) Abnormal value determination processing due to eating and drinking and water retention (such as urine) in the bladder (a) The trunk abdominal impedance is 26.7 ± 3.45Ω (mean ± SD) as a general value of the group.
(B) On the other hand, the value at the time of constipation and urinary bladder retention and fullness of food and drink in the stomach exceeds the range of mean ± 3SD.
(C) Therefore, when a measured value exceeding 3SD is obtained, the subject is informed of the possibility of effects such as eating and drinking and bladder and urine, and is encouraged to hope for the measurement in the best environment. However, in a subject whose skeletal muscle tissue development and internal organ tissue are different from the standard size without actually having these effects, the measurement should be continued.
(D) Further, as a method of increasing the determination sensitivity, the specified values are subdivided according to sex, weight, and height. Alternatively, the specified value is defined as a value per unit divided by weight or divided by height.

(30) Abnormal organ tissue etc. abnormality determination processing (a) Trunk abdominal impedance measurement is based on the combination of the difference in the energization route from the extremities and the voltage measurement electrode arrangement on the observation side. -It is possible to detect abnormal conditions due to illness / inflammation of internal organ tissue and skeletal muscle tissue layer and identification of the site from slight differences between impedances measured at different points.
(B) The difference in the measured values of the trunk abdomen from the four guidance methods described later is used as information for discrimination.
(C) In the case of energization from the upper right limb and the energization route from the left upper limb, the impedance value of the trunk abdomen due to the energization from the left upper limb due to the effect of the heart on the left side (the left lung is correspondingly smaller) Is observed lower.
(D) In other cases, the measured value that can be regarded as a substantially symmetrical balance is assumed to be normal.
Ztmlr ≒ Ztmll <Ztmrr ≒ Ztmrl
Here, the identification notation of the current application route and the trunk abdominal impedance is as follows.
Energization route between upper right limb and right lower limb Trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmrr
Current path between left upper limb and right lower limb Trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmlr
Current-carrying trunk trunk abdomen bioimpedance between right and left limbs Ztmrl
Current path between left upper limb and left lower limb Trunk abdomen bioimpedance Ztmll
(E) When this relationship cannot be satisfied, there is a possibility of illness and inflammation of internal organ tissue or skeletal muscle tissue layer and skeletal part (bone / joint) in the trunk abdomen.
(F) For example, when edema due to inflammation is observed at the joint of the left thigh root, Ztmlr> Ztmll and Ztmrr> Ztmrl.
(G) Also, the same balance difference appears when the left large intestine is abnormal due to constipation or the like.
(H) When water accumulates in the right lung, Ztmlr≈Ztmll> = Ztmrr≈Ztmrl.
(I) In such a case, it is determined that the internal organ tissue, the skeletal muscle tissue layer, the joint or the like is abnormal, and a process such as notification is provided.

  Next, based on the measurement principle of the present invention as described above, an embodiment of the trunk visceral fat measuring device of the present invention for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue and the health guideline advice device using the measurement information will be described. .

  FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an appearance of an embodiment of a trunk visceral fat measuring device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the device of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the trunk visceral fat measuring device according to this embodiment mainly includes a power supply unit 1, a body weight measuring unit 2, a part impedance measuring unit 3, a storage unit 4, The display / input unit 5, the printing unit 6, and the calculation / control unit 7 are provided. The power supply unit 1 supplies power to each part of the electrical system of this apparatus. The body weight measurement unit 2 includes a weight detection unit, an amplification unit, and an AD conversion unit, such as a publicly known weight scale, and measures a potential difference caused by body eye identification information (body weight). The site impedance measurement unit 3 is a current supply unit 8, an energization electrode switching unit 9, and energization electrodes 10 (10 a, 10 b, 10 c) such as a known bioimpedance measurement device (for example, a body fat meter, a body composition meter). 10d), the measurement electrode 11 (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d), the measurement electrode switching unit 12 and the voltage measurement unit 13, and voltages based on bioimpedances between various body parts (various part impedances) Measure.

  The storage unit 4 stores body identification information such as height, limb length, trunk length, trunk middle length, and the like, Formula 1 to Formula 30 and the like. The storage unit 4 also stores an appropriate message or the like for advice on health guidelines as will be described later. The display / input unit 5 is a touch panel type liquid crystal display in which the input unit 5a and the display unit 5b are integrated. The display / input unit 5 inputs body specifying information including height, and displays various results, advice information, and the like. . The printing unit 6 prints various results, advice information, and the like displayed on the display unit 5b. The calculation and control unit 7 is based on the body identification information (body weight), various part impedances (upper limb impedance, lower limb impedance, trunk impedance, etc.), the above-described equations 1 to 30 and the like. Volume, lower limb skeletal muscle tissue volume, upper limb skeletal muscle tissue volume, internal organ tissue volume, subcutaneous fat tissue volume, visceral fat tissue volume, trunk abdominal fat tissue volume, abdominal fat tissue volume, trunk abdominal visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio , Etc., processing for removing the influence of fluctuation due to respiration, internal organ tissue abnormality determination, etc., and other various input / output, measurement, calculation, etc.

  As shown well in FIG. 1, this apparatus has a substantially L-shaped appearance, with the weight measuring unit 2 at the bottom, the display / input unit 5 at the top, and the printing unit 6 at the front. In addition, the grip portions 14a and 14b are arranged on the upper left and right side surfaces. The weight measuring unit 2 is provided with a left foot energizing electrode 10a, a left foot energizing electrode 11a, a right foot energizing electrode 10b, and a right foot measuring electrode 11b, and the grip 14a includes a left hand energizing electrode 10c and a left hand energizing electrode. A measurement electrode 11c is disposed, and a right-hand energization electrode 10d and a right-hand measurement electrode 11d are disposed on the grip portion 14b.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an aspect of electrode switching when measuring trunk impedance among measurement of bioelectrical impedance between various body parts by the limb guidance method used in the present apparatus. FIG. 3A shows a case where trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the right hand and the right leg and measuring the potential difference between the left hand and the left leg (the energization route between the upper right limb and the right lower limb and the trunk abdomen. Bioimpedance Ztmrr is shown). In this case, the right hand energizing electrode 10d and the right foot energizing electrode 10b are used as energizing electrodes, and the left hand measuring electrode 11c and the left foot measuring electrode 11a are used as measuring electrodes. FIG. 3B shows a case where trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the left hand and left leg and measuring the potential difference between the right hand and right leg (the energization route between the left upper limb and the left lower limb. Impedance Ztmll is shown). In this case, the left hand energizing electrode 10c and the left foot energizing electrode 10a are used as energizing electrodes, and the right hand measuring electrode 11d and the right foot measuring electrode 11b are used as measuring electrodes. FIG. 3C shows a case where trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the right hand and the left leg and measuring the potential difference between the left hand and the right leg (the energized route between the upper right limb and the left lower limb. Impedance Ztmrl is shown). In this case, the right hand energizing electrode 10d and the left foot energizing electrode 10a are used as energizing electrodes, and the left hand measuring electrode 11c and the right foot measuring electrode 11b are used as measuring electrodes. FIG. 3D shows a case where trunk impedance is measured by energizing between the left hand and right leg and measuring the potential difference between the right hand and left leg (conducting route between the left upper limb and the right lower limb. Impedance Ztmlr is shown). In this case, the left hand energizing electrode 10c and the right foot energizing electrode 10b are used as energizing electrodes, and the right hand measuring electrode 11d and the left foot measuring electrode 11a are used as measuring electrodes. The electrode switching in the measurement of the bioelectrical impedance between various body parts by such limb guidance method is conducted under the control of the calculation / control unit 7 while the measurement subject (user) touches each electrode. This is performed by the electrode switching unit 9 and the measurement electrode switching unit 12.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the trunk abdomen (middle part). The tissue constituting the trunk abdomen is a subcutaneous fat tissue layer, a skeletal muscle tissue layer, an internal organ tissue, and a viscera attached to the gap It can be thought of as adipose tissue. When energizing the trunk, most of the current is considered to be energized to the skeletal muscle tissue layer. This is because the electrical conductivity of the skeletal muscle tissue layer is better than that of other tissues. The internal organ tissue can be considered in series with the visceral adipose tissue, and it can be seen that the amount of energization can be expected to change depending on the size of the visceral adipose tissue.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit, and shows a simplified trunk abdomen equivalent circuit in which the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is omitted. It is a trunk abdominal equivalent circuit considered by the method of "." Further, FIG. 6 similarly shows the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit, and shows the trunk abdomen equivalent circuit considered without omitting the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. This is a trunk abdominal equivalent circuit considered in the “approach 2” method. Note that, as described above, Ztm is the impedance of the entire trunk, ZFS is the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer, ZMM is the impedance of the skeletal muscle tissue layer, and ZVM is as described above. The internal organ tissue impedance, ZFV, represents the visceral fat tissue impedance. As described above, in the equivalent circuit of FIG.
Ztm ≒ ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV)
In the equivalent circuit of FIG. 6, a relational expression of Ztm = ZFS // ZMM // (ZVM + ZFV) is established.

  Next, referring to the main flowchart shown in FIG. 7 and the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS. 8 to 15, the operation and operation of the trunk visceral fat measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. To do.

  In the main flowchart shown in FIG. 7, when a power switch (not shown) in the input unit 5a is turned on, power is supplied from the power supply unit 1 to each part of the electrical system, and the height and the like are displayed by the display unit 5b. A screen for inputting body specifying information (height, weight, sex, age, etc.) is displayed (step S1).

  Subsequently, according to this screen, the user inputs height, weight, sex, age, and the like from the input unit 5a (step S2). In this case, the body weight is measured by the body weight measurement unit 2 with respect to the potential difference caused by the body eye identification information (weight), and the body eye identification information (body weight) is calculated by the calculation / control unit 7. Good. These input values are stored in the storage unit 4.

  Next, in step S3, it is determined whether or not morphological measurement actual values such as limb length, trunk length, and abdominal girth length are input. If these morphometric actual measurement values are input, in step S4, Morphological measurement is performed, and measured values such as limb length (upper limb length, lower limb length), trunk length (mid-trunk length), abdominal circumference length are input from the input unit 5a, and the process proceeds to step S6. If it is determined in step S3 that the morphometric measurement actual value is not input, the process proceeds to step S5. These input values are also stored in the storage unit 4. Similarly, numerical information obtained in the following processing is stored in the storage unit 4.

  In step S5, the calculation / control unit 7 estimates the upper limb length, the lower limb length, the trunk middle length, the abdominal circumference length, and the like from the body specifying information such as height, weight, sex, and age stored in the storage unit 4. Morphological measurement information estimation processing (for example, using a calibration curve created from a human body information database) is performed.

  Subsequently, in step S6, the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing is performed by the part impedance measurement unit 3. The limb and trunk impedance measurement processing will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowcharts shown in FIGS.

Next, in step S7, the calculation / control section 7 performs calculation processing of body composition information (body fat percentage, etc.). According to this calculation process, for example, the upper limb length Lu, the upper limb impedance value Zu, the lower limb length Ll, the lower limb impedance value Zl, the trunk length Ltm, the whole trunk middle portion stored in the storage unit 4 Using the impedance Ztm, the body fat percentage% Fat is obtained by the following arithmetic expression.
% Fat = a * Lu ² / Zu + b * Ll ² / Zl + c * Ltm ² / Ztm + d
Here, a, b, c, and d are constants.

  Next, in step S <b> 8, the calculation / control section 7 performs limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimation processing. In this limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimation process, the lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount is calculated according to the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equation 2, and the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described numerical values are stored. In this process, the amount of upper limb skeletal muscle tissue is calculated according to Equation 3.

  Next, in step S <b> 9, the computation / control unit 7 performs an estimation process of the middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount. The estimation processing of the middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount is stored in the storage unit 4, various numerical values stored in the storage unit 4, the lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount and the upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount obtained in step S <b> 8. Further, based on the above-described Equation 1, Equation 4, Equation 5, Equation 5, Equation 5-1, and Equation 5-2, the middle trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass is calculated.

  Next, in step S10, the computation / control section 7 performs mid-trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation processing. This estimation process is performed by using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the mid-trunk skeleton tissue amount obtained in step 9 and the above-described equations 19-1, 19-2, 20, and 21. Middle skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance is calculated.

  In step S11, the computation / control section 7 performs an estimation process of the subcutaneous fat tissue volume and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance. Step 11 will be described later in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S12, the calculation / control unit 7 performs an estimation process of the internal organ tissue amount and the internal organ tissue impedance. Step 12 will be described later in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  In step S13, the computation / control section 7 performs a visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount estimation process. Step 13 will be described in detail later with reference to a subroutine flowchart shown in FIG.

  Next, in step S14, the calculation / control section 7 performs a calculation process of the visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio. This calculation process calculates the trunk abdominal adipose tissue amount according to the above-described equation 29 stored in the storage unit 4 using the subcutaneous fat tissue amount and the visceral adipose tissue amount stored in the storage unit 4. The visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio is calculated according to the above-described equation 30 stored in the above.

Next, in step S15, the calculation / control section 7 performs a visceral fat rate calculation process. In this calculation process, the trunk visceral fat percentage VFat is calculated from the body fat percentage% Fat, the visceral fat V, and the subcutaneous fat S calculated by the calculation process described above and stored in the storage unit 4 by the following equation. is there.
% VFat =% Fat * (V / S) / [(V / S) +1]

  Next, in step S16, the calculation and control unit 7 displays the visceral adipose tissue information, body composition information obtained by the calculation process as described above, advice guidelines and the like obtained by the process described later, A display process such as that displayed in 5b is performed. Thereby, a series of processes is completed (step S17).

  Next, the subcutaneous fat tissue volume and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimation processing in step S11 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue is calculated by using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equations 22-1 and 22-2 in step S18, and in step S19, the storage unit 4 The subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance is calculated using the numerical values and the subcutaneous fat tissue amount stored in the above, and the equations 23-1, 23-2, and 24 described above.

  Next, the internal organ tissue amount and internal organ tissue impedance estimation processing in step S12 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, the internal organ tissue amount is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described formulas 13-1 and 13-2 in step S20, and stored in the storage unit 4 in step S21. The internal organ tissue impedance is calculated using the numerical values obtained and the above-described formulas 14-1, 14-2, 15, 15, 16, 17-1, and 17-2.

  Next, the visceral adipose tissue impedance and visceral adipose tissue amount estimation processing in step S13 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. In this estimation process, in step S22, the visceral fat tissue impedance is calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the above-described equations 6 to 12, equation 16, equation 17, equation 21, and equation 24, and step S23. , The amount of visceral adipose tissue calculated using the numerical values stored in the storage unit 4 and the calculated visceral adipose tissue impedance and the above-described Equation 25, Equation 26, Equation 27, Equation 28-1, and Equation 28-2 It is.

  Next, the limb and trunk impedance measurement process in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 11 showing the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the above-mentioned 10. As described in (28) and (29), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormal value determination process by eating and drinking and water retention (urine etc.) in the bladder, etc.” are performed. First, in step S24, the calculation / control section 7 performs initial setting of various memory counter numbers and flag F of measurement data of impedance Ztm of the trunk abdomen (middle part) based on an instruction from the input unit 5a or the like.

Subsequently, in step S25, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If it is determined as the measurement timing, in step S26, the calculation / control section 7 performs a trunk core impedance (Ztm) measurement electrode arrangement setting process, and performs a trunk core impedance (Ztmx) measurement process. In this case, the calculation / control section 7 selects one of the electrode arrangements as described with reference to FIG.
Next, in step S27, it is determined whether F is “0” or the previous measurement upper limb. If not, the process proceeds to step S28, and the computation / control section 7 A part impedance (Zu) measurement electrode arrangement setting process is performed, and an upper limb part impedance (Zux) measurement process is performed. In step S29, F "" 0 "" is set.

  In step S27, when F is “0” and it is determined that the previous measurement upper limb, in step S32, the calculation / control unit 7 performs a lower limb impedance (Zl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process. Lower limb impedance (Zlx) measurement processing is performed, and F is set to “1” in step S31. Such operations from step S25 to step S31 are repeated.

  When it is determined in step S25 that it is not the measurement timing, the process proceeds to step S32, and measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing processing (moving average processing or the like) is performed. Then, in step 33, mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction processing is performed. This correction processing will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

  Subsequently, in step S34, the calculation / control section 7 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of measurement impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether each value after the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S33 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S35, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Zlx, Zux, and Ztmx satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S35 that the stability condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S36, where the determined median impedance value is set as the trunk abdominal impedance value, and the final stable condition determination value is the measured value. The result value is registered in the storage unit 4 and the measurement is completed. If it is determined in step S35 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step S25 and the same processing is repeated.

  Subsequent to step S36, in step S37, the computation / control section 7 performs an abnormal value determination process based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention. This abnormal value determination process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Next, the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process in step S33 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S38, an inflection point detection process is performed from the time series data processed in step S33. In step S39, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is an inflection point. This is performed by detecting data of polarity change positions of the front and rear derivatives or difference values. When it is determined in step S39 that the point is an inflection point, the process proceeds to step S40, and it is determined whether the maximum value is reached. This is a step of distributing the maximum value and the minimum value. If it is not the maximum value, the minimum value determination data moving average process is performed in step S41 using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] min _x ← ([Ztm] min _x-1 + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2

If the maximum value is determined in step S40, the maximum value determination data moving averaging process is performed in step S42 using the following equation stored in the storage unit 4.
[Ztm] max _x ← ([Ztm] max _x-1 + [Ztm] max _x ) / 2

Subsequently, in step S43, it is determined whether the maximum value and minimum value data for one respiratory cycle have been secured. If it is determined in step S43 that the data has been secured, in step S44, the following formula stored in the storage unit 4 is used to calculate the respiratory fluctuation median value (the average value of the maximum value and the minimum value data). Operation).
Ztm _x ← ([Ztm] max _x + [Ztm] min _x ) / 2
If it is determined in step S39 that the point is not an inflection point, the process proceeds to return. If it is determined in step 43 that the maximum value and minimum value data for one breathing cycle are not secured, the process proceeds to return. become.

Next, the abnormal value determination processing based on eating and drinking and urinary bladder retention in step S37 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S45, the calculation / control section 7 checks whether the mid-trunk impedance (Ztm) is within the normal allowable range using the following formula stored in the storage section 4.
Mean-3SD ≦ Ztm ≦ Mean + 3SD
Here, 26.7 ± 3.45 (Mean ± 3SD) is considered as an example of the allowable value.

  In step S46, it is determined whether the trunk core impedance is within an allowable range. When it is determined that the value is not within the allowable range, the process proceeds to step S47, where the arithmetic and control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality, and the display unit 5b Display of a proper advice and generation of a buzzer sound in the buzzer notification unit 15. As this advice, for example, a display of “Perform preparatory processing such as defecation and urination for abnormal trunk condition” and a notification of “pip, beep, beep” and the like are made. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  If it is determined within the allowable range in step S46, in step S48, the calculation and control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding normal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition, and appropriate advice in the display unit 5b. Is displayed and the buzzer notification unit 15 generates a buzzer sound. As this advice, for example, a display of “normal trunk condition”, notification of “beep” sound, etc. is made.

Next, the limb and trunk impedance measurement process in step S6 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. 14 showing the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the above 10. As described in (28) and (30), the “removal effect removal process due to respiration” and the “abnormality determination process of abdominal organ tissue, etc.” are performed. First, in step S49, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not it is a measurement timing. If it is determined as the measurement timing, as part of the trunk measurement, in step S50, the computation / control section 7 performs the trunk middle impedance (Ztmrr) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (energization between the right arm and the right leg). (See (A) of FIG. 3), and a trunk core impedance (Ztmrr _x ) measurement process is performed. Next, in step S51, the calculation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztml) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (energization between the left arm and left leg) (see FIG. 3B), and the mid-trunk impedance ( Ztml1 _x ) Measurement processing is performed. Next, in step S52, the computation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztmrl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (right arm left leg energization) (see FIG. 3C), and the mid-trunk impedance ( Ztmrl _x ) Performs measurement processing. Next, in step S53, the computation / control section 7 performs a mid-trunk impedance (Ztmlr) measurement electrode arrangement setting process (energization between the left arm and right leg) (see (D) of FIG. 3), and the mid-trunk impedance ( Ztmlr _x ) Measurement processing is performed. The calculation / control section 7 performs such a measurement operation until a predetermined number of samples are obtained.

If it is determined in step S49 that the measurement timing is not reached, the process proceeds to step S54, and measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing processing (moving average processing, etc.) is performed (central trunk: Ztmrr _x , Ztmll _x , Ztmrl _x , Ztmlr _x ). Then, in step 55, a trunk trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process is performed for each guidance method. The correction process for each guidance method is the same as that described above with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

  Subsequently, in step S56, the computation / control section 7 performs a time series stability confirmation process of the measured impedance for each induction method. This is performed by determining whether each value after the mid-trunk impedance measurement data breathing fluctuation correction process for each guidance method in step S55 has converged to a value within a predetermined fluctuation a predetermined number of times. In step S57, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Ztmx satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S57 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 49 to repeat the same measurement operation and processing.

  If it is determined in step S57 that the stability condition has been satisfied, the process proceeds to step S58 to perform an abnormality determination process for the trunk abdominal organ tissue and the like. This determination process will be described later with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG.

Subsequently, in step S59, the calculation / control section 7 stores and registers the final stability condition determination value in the measurement of the trunk core impedance in the storage section 4 as the measurement result value (Ztm ← Ztmlr _x ). Here, Ztmlr (the left arm right leg conduction impedance) is adopted from the four trunk impedances.

  Next, the calculation / control section 7 proceeds to step 60 to measure the extremities, and determines whether it is a measurement timing. Here, when it is determined as the measurement timing, in step S61, the calculation and control unit 7 performs the lower limb impedance (Zl) measurement electrode arrangement setting process, performs the lower limb impedance (Zlx) measurement process, In S62, an upper limb impedance (Zu) measurement electrode arrangement setting process is performed, and an upper limb impedance (Zux) measurement process is performed. Then, the calculation / control section 7 repeatedly performs such a measurement operation.

In step S60, if it is determined not to be measured timing, in step S63, the arithmetic and control unit 7 performs measurement impedance (Zx) data smoothing process (the moving average processing or the like) (upper limbs: Zu _x, leg Zl _x ). Then, in step 64, the calculation / control section 7 performs time-series stability confirmation processing of the measured impedance for each part. This is performed by determining whether or not each value after the processing of step S64 has converged to a value within a predetermined variation for a predetermined number of times. In step S65, the calculation / control section 7 determines whether or not each of the measured Zl _x and Zu _x satisfies the stability condition. This determination is such that it is determined that the respiration median value is determined when the respiration median value for each respiration cycle enters a stable range within the specified number of times. If it is determined in step S65 that the stability condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step 60 and the same measurement operation and processing are repeated.

If it is determined in step S65 that the stability condition is satisfied, in step S66, the final stability condition determination value in the measurement of limb impedance is stored and registered in the storage unit 4 as a measurement result value (Zl ← Zl). _x , Zu ← Zu _x ).

  Next, the trunk abdominal organ tissue abnormality determination process in step S58 will be described in detail with reference to the subroutine flowchart of FIG. First, in step S67, the calculation / control section 7 checks whether the relationship between the trunk core impedances (Ztm) by the respective induction methods satisfies the normal balance condition. 10 above. As described in (30) and (d), the normal condition is a relationship of Ztmlr≈Ztmll <Ztmrr≈Ztmrl.

If it is determined in step S68 that the normal condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S69, and in step 70, it is determined whether or not the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmlr ≒ Ztmll and Ztmrr ≒ Ztmrl
If it is determined that this condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S71, and in step S72, it is determined whether or not the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmrl <Ztmrr
If this condition is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S73, and it is determined in step S74 whether the following expression is satisfied.
Ztmrl> Ztmrl
If this condition is not satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the upper left tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S75, the computation / control section 7 sends a message regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality A notification process is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormal upper left trunk condition” can be considered.

  In step S74, when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the lower right tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S76, the calculation and control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormal lower right trunk condition” can be considered.

  If it is determined in step S72 that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the lower left tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S77, the calculation / control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, a notification such as “abnormality of lower left trunk condition” can be considered.

  If it is determined in step S70 that the condition is satisfied, it is determined that there is an abnormal balance in the upper right tissue of the middle trunk (abdomen), and in step S78, the calculation and control unit 7 A message notification process related to an abnormal condition of the middle trunk (abdomen) condition is performed, and appropriate advice is displayed on the display unit 5b. As this advice, for example, notification such as “abnormal upper right trunk condition” can be considered.

  In this way, the calculation / control section 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing relating to the middle trunk (abdomen) condition abnormality in step S79. For example, a message such as “Perform preparatory processing such as defecation and urination due to abnormal trunk condition” is displayed on the display unit 5 b, and a buzzer sound “beep” is generated in the buzzer notification unit 15. Further, when the same determination result is obtained after the preparation process, the measurement can be completed using the abnormal value, and the measurement can be stopped.

  In step S68, when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, in step S80, the calculation / control unit 7 performs message notification and buzzer notification processing regarding the middle trunk (abdomen) condition normality, and the display unit In 5b, an appropriate advice is displayed, and the buzzer notification unit 15 generates a buzzer sound. As this advice, for example, display of “normal trunk condition” and notification of “beep” sound or the like are made.

  With such operations and actions, according to this embodiment of the present invention, the visceral fat tissue information of the trunk abdomen (middle), the ratio of the trunk visceral fat to the subcutaneous fat mass (V / S), and the subcutaneous The total fat amount of fat and visceral fat (trunk abdominal adipose tissue amount) can be obtained, and internal organ tissue abnormality determination, that is, treatment for removing the influence of fluctuation due to breathing, water intake and urine retention (urine) Etc.) and abnormality determination processing such as abdominal organ tissue can be performed, and advice information corresponding thereto can also be provided. In the embodiment described above, the fat percentage is obtained as the trunk visceral adipose tissue information. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and by using an appropriate conversion equation, the amount of cross-sectional area, volume It can be determined as an amount or weight.

  According to the present invention, high-accuracy screening information can be made obvious while following the conventional simple measurement method for the adhesion in the vicinity of internal organ tissue and the accumulation of accumulated fat tissue according to the level.

  According to the present invention, the trunk visceral adipose tissue can be accurately measured with a small and simple device, so that it can be optimized for home use. Moreover, an abdominal condition check prior to measurement, that is, early check of inflammation or pathological abnormal fluid distribution in internal organ tissues or the like is possible, and appropriate health guide advice can be given accordingly. Therefore, it is possible for the user to obtain various information useful for self-management for maintaining and promoting sustainable health by appropriately performing daily diet and exercise and maintaining motivation for it. Can be very useful.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the trunk visceral fat measuring device as one Example of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus of FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the limb guidance | induction method used in this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of a trunk abdomen. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk abdomen in which the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is omitted. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the trunk abdomen of FIG. 4 as an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk abdomen without considering the subcutaneous fat tissue layer. It is a figure which shows the specific measurement basic flow of the visceral fat tissue by the electricity supply induction method to the trunk as one Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the internal organ tissue quantity and internal organ tissue impedance as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. It is a figure which shows the estimation processing flow of the visceral fat tissue impedance and visceral fat tissue amount as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. It is a figure which shows the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing flow as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a trunk trunk impedance measurement data breathing variation correction process flow as a subroutine of the limb and trunk impedance measurement process flow of FIG. 11. It is a figure which shows the abnormal value determination processing flow by eating and drinking, urinary bladder urine storage, etc. as a subroutine of the limb of FIG. 11, trunk impedance measurement processing flow. It is a figure which shows the limb and trunk impedance measurement process flow different from the flow of FIG. 11 as a subroutine of the basic flow of FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an abnormality determination processing flow for organs in the trunk abdomen as a subroutine of the limb and trunk impedance measurement processing flow of FIG. 14.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply part 2 Body weight measurement part 3 Site | part impedance measurement part 4 Memory | storage part 5a Input part 5b Display part 6 Printing part 7 Calculation and control part 8 Current supply part 9 Electrode switching part 10 Current supply electrode 10a Left foot current supply electrode 10b Right foot energizing electrode 10c Left hand energizing electrode 10d Right hand energizing electrode 11 Measuring electrode 11a Left foot measuring electrode 11b Right foot measuring electrode 11c Left hand measuring electrode 11d Right hand measuring electrode 12 Measuring electrode switching unit 13 Voltage measuring unit 14a Grip Part 14b Grip part 15 Buzzer notification part

Claims (33)

  A trunk visceral fat measurement method, wherein a trunk visceral fat tissue amount is obtained based on body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance, upper limb bioimpedance, and trunk bioimpedance.   In the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and the body specifying information The amount of lower limb skeletal muscle tissue is obtained, the amount of upper limb skeletal muscle tissue is obtained based on the measured bioimpedance and body specific information of the upper limb, The body skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the body specific information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is obtained based on the obtained body skeletal muscle tissue amount and the body specific information, and the body specific information Based on the above, the impedance of the internal organ tissue is obtained, the bioimpedance of the obtained trunk, and the obtained impedance and body of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer Determining the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance of the internal organ tissue and determining the amount of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the determined impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue and the body specifying information The trunk visceral fat measuring method according to claim 1.   In the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and the body specifying information The amount of lower limb skeletal muscle tissue is obtained, the amount of upper limb skeletal muscle tissue is obtained based on the measured bioimpedance and body specific information of the upper limb, The body skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the body specific information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is obtained based on the obtained body skeletal muscle tissue amount and the body specific information, and the body specific information The impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is determined based on the body, the impedance of the internal organ tissue is determined based on the body specifying information, Impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk The trunk visceral fat measuring method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue and body specifying information.   In the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and the bioimpedance of the upper limb The body skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the body specific information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is obtained based on the obtained body skeletal muscle tissue amount and the body specific information, and the body specific information The internal organ tissue impedance is determined on the basis of the body trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the determined biological impedance of the trunk and the determined impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk Of the trunk, and based on the determined impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue and body specific information, the trunk viscera Trunk visceral fat measuring method according to claim 1, comprising obtaining the 肪 tissue volume.   In the trunk visceral fat measurement method for measuring the trunk visceral fat tissue, the bioimpedance of the lower limb, the bioimpedance of the upper limb and the bioimpedance of the trunk are measured, and the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and the bioimpedance of the upper limb The body skeletal muscle tissue amount is obtained based on the body specific information, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is obtained based on the obtained body skeletal muscle tissue amount and the body specific information, and the body specific information The impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk is obtained based on the body impedance, the impedance of the internal organ tissue is obtained based on the body specifying information, the bioimpedance of the obtained trunk, and the obtained trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer Trunk visceral fat based on impedance, trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance and trunk internal organ tissue impedance Calculated tissue impedance, the determined torso visceral fat measuring method according to claim 1, based on the impedance and body specifying information of the trunk visceral fat tissue comprises determining the trunk visceral fat tissue volume.   6. The trunk visceral organ according to claim 3, wherein the subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance is obtained based on the subcutaneous fat tissue amount of the trunk and the body specific information obtained from the body specific information. Fat measurement method.   The step of obtaining the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the obtained bioimpedance of the trunk, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk, The structural equivalent circuit is such that the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is connected in parallel to a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue. 5. The method for measuring trunk visceral fat according to 2 or 4.   Based on the bioimpedance of the obtained trunk, the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk, and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk, The step of obtaining the impedance includes: an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk is connected to the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk relative to a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue The trunk visceral fat measurement method according to claim 3, wherein impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer is connected in parallel.   9. The internal organ tissue impedance is obtained based on the internal organ tissue amount and the body specifying information by obtaining an internal organ tissue amount from the body specifying information. Trunk visceral fat measurement method.   The trunk visceral fat measurement method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the body specifying information is information indicating physical characteristics.   The information indicating the physical characteristics includes height, sex, weight, age, limb length (lower limb length, upper limb length), trunk length (trunk middle length), waist circumference, abdominal width, abdominal thickness, etc. Item 11. The trunk visceral fat measurement method according to Item 10.   Body specifying information acquisition means for acquiring body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring lower limb bioimpedance, upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring upper limb bioimpedance, and trunk for measuring trunk bioimpedance Characterized in that it comprises bioimpedance measuring means and trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for obtaining a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on these body specifying information, lower limb bioimpedance, upper limb bioimpedance and trunk bioimpedance. A trunk visceral fat measuring device.   In a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, an upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of an upper limb, A trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring the bioimpedance of the trunk, a limb skeletal muscle tissue mass estimating means for estimating a limb skeletal muscle tissue mass based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and body specifying information; , An upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating an upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount based on the measured bioimpedance of the upper limb and body specifying information, and the estimated lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount and upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount and body Trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass estimation means for estimating trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass based on the specified information, and the estimated body Trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimating means for estimating trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance based on skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specific information, and impedance of trunk internal organ tissue based on body specific information A trunk internal organ based on the estimated trunk bioelectrical impedance, the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance, and the trunk internal organ tissue impedance. Trunk visceral fat tissue estimation unit for estimating the impedance of fat tissue and the amount of trunk visceral fat tissue for estimating the amount of trunk visceral fat tissue based on the estimated impedance of the visceral organ visceral fat tissue and the body specifying information The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 12, further comprising an estimating means.   In a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, an upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of an upper limb, A trunk bioimpedance measuring means for measuring the bioimpedance of the trunk, a limb skeletal muscle tissue mass estimating means for estimating a limb skeletal muscle tissue mass based on the measured bioimpedance of the lower limb and body specifying information; , An upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount estimating means for estimating an upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount based on the measured bioimpedance of the upper limb and body specifying information, and the estimated lower limb skeletal muscle tissue amount and upper limb skeletal muscle tissue amount and body Trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass estimation means for estimating trunk skeletal muscle tissue mass based on the specified information, and the estimated body Trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specific information, and the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk based on the body specific information Trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating impedance, internal organ tissue impedance estimation means for estimating impedance of internal organ tissue of the trunk based on body specifying information, and biological body of the estimated trunk The trunk viscera for estimating the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance, the estimated impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk A fat tissue impedance estimating means, and the estimated trunk visceral fat tissue impedance and body specifying information Zui and trunk visceral fat measuring apparatus according to claim 12 and a trunk visceral fat tissue volume estimating means for estimating the trunk visceral fat tissue volume.   In a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, an upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of an upper limb, Trunk bio-impedance measuring means for measuring the bio-impedance of the trunk, and the trunk for estimating the amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue based on the measured bio-impedance of the lower limb, bio-impedance of the upper limb and body specifying information Skeletal muscle tissue amount estimation means, trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating impedance of trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specifying information, and body identification Torso organ tissue impedance to estimate the torso internal organ tissue impedance A trunk that estimates the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the estimation means, the estimated biological impedance of the trunk, and the estimated impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk 13. A visceral adipose tissue impedance estimation means, and a trunk visceral adipose tissue amount estimation means for estimating a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on the estimated trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance and body specifying information. The trunk visceral fat measuring device described in 1.   In a trunk visceral fat measuring device for measuring a trunk visceral fat tissue, a lower limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of a lower limb, an upper limb bioimpedance measuring means for measuring a bioimpedance of an upper limb, Trunk bio-impedance measuring means for measuring the bio-impedance of the trunk, and the trunk for estimating the amount of trunk skeletal muscle tissue based on the measured bio-impedance of the lower limb, bio-impedance of the upper limb and body specifying information Skeletal muscle tissue amount estimation means, trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer impedance estimation means for estimating impedance of trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer based on the estimated trunk skeletal muscle tissue amount and body specifying information, and body identification Of trunk adipose tissue layer to estimate impedance of trunk adipose tissue layer Dance estimating means; trunk organ tissue impedance estimating means for estimating impedance of internal organ tissue of trunk based on body specifying information; estimated biological impedance of trunk; and estimated trunk skeletal muscle The trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimation means for estimating the impedance of the trunk visceral adipose tissue based on the impedance of the tissue layer, the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer of the trunk and the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk, and the estimated The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 12, further comprising trunk trunk visceral fat tissue amount estimating means for estimating a trunk visceral fat tissue amount based on impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue and body specifying information.   The trunk subcutaneous fat tissue layer impedance estimation means estimates the amount of subcutaneous fat tissue of the trunk from the body specifying information, and based on the estimated amount of subcutaneous fat tissue of the trunk and the body specifying information, The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 14 or 16, wherein the impedance of the subcutaneous fat tissue layer is estimated.   The trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk corresponds to a serial circuit of an impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and an impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 13 or 15, wherein the estimation is performed assuming that the impedance of the tissue layer is connected in parallel.   The trunk visceral adipose tissue impedance estimating means is configured such that an electrical equivalent circuit of the trunk is subcutaneous of the trunk with respect to a series circuit of the impedance of the internal organ tissue of the trunk and the impedance of the trunk visceral fat tissue. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to claim 14, 16 or 17, wherein estimation is performed on the assumption that an impedance of a fat tissue layer and an impedance of the trunk skeletal muscle tissue layer are connected in parallel.   The trunk internal organ tissue impedance estimation means estimates the internal organ tissue amount of the trunk from the body specifying information, and based on the estimated internal organ tissue amount and body specifying information of the trunk The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to any one of claims 13 to 19, which estimates tissue impedance.   The trunk visceral fat measurement device according to any one of claims 12 to 20, wherein the body specifying information is information indicating physical characteristics.   The information indicating the physical characteristics includes height, sex, weight, age, limb length (lower limb length, upper limb length), trunk length (trunk middle length), waist circumference, abdominal width, abdominal thickness, etc. Item 22. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to Item 21.   18. The trunk viscera according to claim 17, further comprising trunk abdominal adipose tissue amount estimation means for estimating a trunk abdominal fat tissue amount from the estimated trunk abdominal fat tissue amount and the estimated trunk subcutaneous adipose tissue amount. Fat measuring device.   The trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio estimation means for estimating the trunk visceral fat / subcutaneous fat ratio from the estimated trunk visceral fat tissue amount and the estimated trunk subcutaneous fat tissue amount. The trunk visceral fat measuring device described in 1.   25. The respiratory fluctuation influence removing means for removing the influence of fluctuation due to breathing based on the biological impedance of the trunk measured at a sampling cycle shorter than the breathing cycle time. Trunk visceral fat measuring device.   The body according to any one of claims 12 to 25, further comprising an abnormal value determination processing unit that performs an abnormal value determination process by comparing the measured biological impedance of the trunk with a general value of a group. Stem visceral fat measuring device.   27. The trunk visceral fat measurement device according to claim 26, further comprising display means for displaying advice information based on a determination result by the abnormal value determination processing means.   The trunk bioimpedance measuring means includes an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the upper right limb and the right lower limb, an energization route trunk abdominal bioimpedance between the upper left limb and the right lower limb, and an energization route trunk abdominal portion between the upper right limb and the left lower limb. Abdominal part that measures bioimpedance and bioelectrical impedance of trunk trunk abdomen bioelectrical impedance between left upper limb and left lower limb, and performs abnormality determination processing such as abdominal organ tissue based on each measured root trunk abdomen bioimpedance The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to any one of claims 12 to 27, further comprising abnormality determination processing means such as internal organ tissue.   29. The trunk visceral fat measurement device according to claim 28, further comprising display means for displaying advice information based on a determination result by the abnormality determination processing means for the abdominal organ tissue or the like.   30. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to any one of claims 12 to 29, wherein the trunk visceral fat tissue amount is represented by a trunk visceral fat rate.   30. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to any one of claims 12 to 29, wherein the trunk visceral fat tissue amount is expressed by a trunk visceral fat tissue cross-sectional area.   30. The trunk visceral fat measuring device according to any one of claims 12 to 29, wherein the trunk visceral adipose tissue volume is represented by a trunk visceral adipose tissue volume.   30. The trunk visceral fat measurement device according to any one of claims 12 to 29, wherein the trunk visceral fat tissue amount is represented by a trunk visceral fat tissue weight.

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