JP2006132874A - Bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bullet of high penetration characteristics to a composite armor formed of ceramics and a steel sheet or the like. <P>SOLUTION: This bullet 10 has a bullet core 2 penetrating the composite armor composed of the ceramics and steel sheet, and an outer shell 1 covering the bullet core 2. The bullet core 2 has a first bullet core 3 provided at a front part in the outer shell 1 in a flying direction of the bullet 10 and breaking ceramics, and a second bullet core 4 provided behind the first bullet core 3 and penetrating the composite armor. After the first bullet core 3 is deformed, the second bullet core 4 passes through the first bullet core 3 and penetrates the composite armor. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a bullet used for a machine gun, and more particularly to a bullet having a high penetration characteristic with respect to composite armor.

  Conventionally, armor-piercing bullets with higher hardness than armor have been used as bullets that penetrate armor such as steel. Due to the low toughness of the high-strength armor-piercing shells, when they collide with the armor, the stress concentrates on the tip and sometimes breaks. In addition, when landing at a shallow angle, the tip may slip. For this reason, there are armor-piercing bullets with a shell made of soft steel at the tip of the bullet. This armor can plastically deform the armor at the time of landing to prevent stress concentration and slipping.

As such armor-piercing bullets, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, a hard core arranged at the front part of the bullet, and a soft core arranged at the rear part and centered and engaged with the hard core, An armored bullet is known in which an air space is arranged between the front end of the armor and the front region of the hard core. According to the armored bullet, it is possible to hit a target located behind the glass.
Further, as described in Patent Document 2, a armor-piercing bomb is known in which a plurality of hard bullets are stacked in multiple stages on a longitudinal axis via an initiation element. According to this armor-piercing bomb, a plurality of hard bullets collide at substantially the same location of the target by detonating the explosive in the starting element provided between each armor-piercing bomb at a distance close to the target. Thereby, heavy armor (composite armor) can be destroyed.

JP-T-2001-514372 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-037698

  However, in recent years, a high-strength and high-toughness composite armor formed of ceramics and a bulletproof steel plate (steel plate) has been known in order to improve the protection against such bullets (armor shells, hard bullets). With a conventional hard bullet against such a composite armor, when hitting ceramics, the hard bullet core is destroyed by impact upon landing or immediately after landing. Alternatively, the penetration characteristics are deteriorated by absorption of kinetic energy by ceramics, and it is received by a bulletproof steel plate. As described above, there is a problem that a bullet (penetrated bullet, hard bullet) formed of a hard bullet core cannot penetrate the composite armor.

  In addition, when hard bullets stacked in multiple stages are separated from each other at a short distance from the composite armor, it is considered that the probability of landing at the same location is low, and the hard bullets are crushed by ceramics to ensure the composite armor. There was a problem that it could not penetrate. In addition, even if landing at the same location, after destroying ceramics with multiple hard bullets, the remaining hard bullets penetrate the bulletproof steel plate, and there is a problem that composite armor cannot be destroyed with a single hard bullet. It was.

  An object of this invention is to provide the bullet with a high penetration characteristic with respect to the composite armor formed with the ceramics and the bulletproof steel plate (steel plate) in view of the said problem.

  In order to solve the above problems, a bullet according to the present invention is a bullet having a bullet core penetrating a composite armor composed of ceramics and a steel plate, and an outer shell covering the bullet core. , Provided in the front part of the outer shell with respect to the flight direction of the bullet, provided in the first bullet core for breaking the ceramic, and provided in the rear part of the first bullet core, and penetrating the composite armor. And a second bullet core, wherein after the first bullet core is deformed, the second bullet core penetrates the first armor and penetrates the composite armor.

  According to the present invention, after the first core is deformed with respect to the composite armor, the ceramic of the composite armor is destroyed, and then the second core disposed at the rear of the first core is combined with the first core. Can penetrate armored steel. Thereby, it can be set as the bullet with a high penetration characteristic also with respect to the composite armor comprised with the ceramics and the steel plate.

  In the bullet according to the present invention, the bullet core is characterized in that the first bullet core is formed of a soft material and the second bullet core is formed of a hard material that is harder than the first bullet core. .

  According to the present invention, the first bullet core that has landed on the ceramic is deformed by making the first bullet core soft enough to break the ceramic and making the second bullet core harder than the first bullet core. However, after destroying the ceramic, the second core can penetrate the steel plate through the first core.

  In the bullet according to the present invention, the bullet core is characterized in that a space is provided between the first bullet core and the second bullet core.

  According to the present invention, by forming a space between the first bullet core and the second bullet core, the impact when the first bullet core lands is absorbed in this space. Thereby, the first bullet core and the bulletproof steel plate can be penetrated without deteriorating the penetration characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the second bullet core.

  In the bullet according to the present invention, the first bullet core has a central portion formed thinner than an outer peripheral portion.

  According to the present invention, the central portion of the first bullet core is formed thinner than the outer peripheral portion, so that when the second bullet core penetrates the first bullet core, the bulletproof steel plate does not deteriorate the penetration characteristics and dynamic characteristics Can be penetrated.

  According to the bullet of the present invention, it is possible to penetrate the bulletproof steel plate without being broken by ceramics even for the composite armor.

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First embodiment]

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a bullet according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
The bullet 10 has a small bullet core 2 formed in a shell 1 made of a light alloy such as SUS or copper. A soft bullet (first bullet core) 3 is disposed in front of the flying direction of the bullet core 2, and is formed of a material having a specific gravity and hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 3 behind the soft bullet 3. A hard bullet (second core) 4 is arranged. In the axial direction of the bullet core 2, the hard bullet 4 side central portion 3a of the soft bullet 3 is formed in a concave shape so that the tip portion 4a of the hard bullet 4 and the central portion 3a of the soft bullet 3 are engaged. A space 5 is formed between the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet 4.

The soft bullet 3 is made of a pure metal such as lead, copper, brass, or tin, or an alloy containing at least one of these pure metals. The hard bullet 4 is made of a material having a specific gravity and hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 3, for example, a pure metal such as tungsten, chromium, titanium, or an alloy containing at least one of these pure metals.
The materials of the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet 4 are appropriately selected depending on the thickness and material (hardness) of the ceramic 12 layer and the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11 and the hardness of the bullet core 2. Is.

  Further, the smaller the diameter of the bullet 10 and the sharper the warhead, the smaller the resistance to the armor and the greater the penetration force. On the other hand, if the ratio (L / D ratio) between the diameter D and the length L of the bullet is increased beyond a certain level, the stability during the flight is deteriorated and the accuracy of the hit is lowered. However, according to the bullet 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the stability and accuracy of the bullet are defined by the shape of the outer shell 1, and the penetration characteristics with respect to the composite armor are the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet 4 of the bullet core 2. And can be defined by adjusting the L / D ratio. Therefore, the shape of the shell 1 of the bullet, the shape and material of the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet 4 of the bullet core 2 can be determined so as to be optimal in consideration of the penetration characteristics and stability with respect to the composite armor.

The space 5 formed between the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet 4 is formed so that the center portion 5a of the bullet core 2 absorbs the impact of the soft bullet 3, and the outer peripheral portion 5b of the bullet core 2 is formed. Is formed narrow in order to maintain the strength of the outer shell 1. This space 5 may be filled with a gel-like or sponge-like shock absorber.
The size of the space 5 is appropriately selected from the relationship between the thickness of the target composite armor 11 and the function of the impact propagation speed depending on the material of the composite armor 11.

Next, the effect | action of the bullet concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the bullet 10 ejected from the cartridge case and the ammunition chamber is first arranged in front of the outer shell 1 with respect to the flight direction with respect to the ceramic 12 layer of the target composite armor 11. The soft bullet 3 is landed. Due to the impact at the time of landing of the soft bullet 3, the high-hardness ceramic 12 layer has low toughness and ductility, and is therefore shattered by the soft bullet 3. At this time, the soft bullet 3 is also deformed or crushed by impact upon landing or repulsive force from the ceramic 12 layer, and is received by the bulletproof steel plate 13.
The soft bullet 3 may be any material as long as it has a hardness capable of crushing the ceramic 12 layer and is plastically deformed, and is appropriately selected depending on the hardness and thickness of the ceramic 12 layer of the target composite armor 11.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), after the soft bullet 3 is plastically deformed, the hard bullet 4 arranged behind the bullet core 2 penetrates near the center of the soft bullet 3, and the composite armor 11 The bulletproof steel plate 13 is penetrated. At this time, since the impact propagated to the soft bullet 3 or the repulsive force from the ceramic 12 layer is absorbed in the space 5, the impact caused by the impact of the soft bullet 3 on the hard bullet 4 is small.
Therefore, since the hard bullet 4 is not affected by the impact caused by the landing of the soft bullet 3, the penetrating characteristics and the dynamic characteristics do not deteriorate, and penetrates near the center of the deformed soft bullet 3. The hard bullet 4 penetrating the soft bullet 3 lands on the ceramic 12 layer portion destroyed by the soft bullet 3 and penetrates the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11.
The hard bullet 4 may be a material having a hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 3 and a hardness capable of penetrating the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11. It is selected as appropriate.
[Second Embodiment]

Next, a bullet according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal sectional view of a bullet according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The bullet according to the first embodiment is different in the shape of the soft bullet.
In FIG. 3, a bullet 10 has a small bullet core 2 formed in an outer shell 1 made of a light alloy such as SUS or copper. A soft bullet (first core) 6 is disposed in front of the flying direction of the bullet core 2, and is formed of a material having a specific gravity and hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 6 behind the soft bullet 6. A hard bullet (second core) 4 is arranged. In the axial direction of the bullet core 2, a depression is formed in the warhead side central portion 6 a of the soft bullet 6, and a depression is similarly formed in the central portion 6 b of the soft bullet 6 on the hard bullet 4 side. For this reason, the plate thickness near the center of the soft bullet 6 is thin, and the cross-sectional shape is H-shaped.

The soft bullet 6 is made of a pure metal such as lead, copper, brass, or tin, or an alloy containing at least one of these pure metals. The hard bullet 4 is made of a material having a specific gravity and hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 3, for example, a pure metal such as tungsten, chromium, titanium, or an alloy containing at least one of these pure metals.
The materials of the soft bullet 6 and the hard bullet 4 are appropriately selected depending on the thickness and material (hardness) of the ceramic 12 layer and the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11 and the hardness of the bullet core 2. Is.

  In general, the smaller the diameter of the bullet 10 and the sharper the warhead, the lower the resistance to the armor and the greater the penetration force. On the other hand, if the ratio (L / D ratio) between the diameter D and the length L of the bullet is increased beyond a certain level, the stability during the flight is deteriorated and the accuracy of the hit is lowered. However, according to the bullet 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the stability and accuracy of the bullet are defined by the shape of the outer shell 1, and the penetration characteristics with respect to the composite armor 11 are the soft bullet 3 and the hard bullet of the bullet core 2. It can be defined by adjusting the L / D ratio to 6. Therefore, the shape of the shell 1 of the bullet, the shape of the soft bullet 3 of the bullet core 2, and the shape and material of the hard bullet 4 can be determined so as to be optimal in consideration of penetration characteristics and stability with respect to the composite armor 11.

The space 5 formed between the soft bullet 6 and the hard bullet 4 is formed wide so that the central portion 5a of the bullet core 2 absorbs the impact of the soft bullet 6, and the outer peripheral portion 5b of the bullet core 2 is formed. Is formed narrow in order to maintain the strength of the outer shell 1. This space 5 may be filled with a gel-like or sponge-like shock absorber.
The size of the space 5 is appropriately selected from the relationship between the thickness of the target composite armor 11 and the function of the impact propagation speed depending on the material of the composite armor 11.

Next, the action of the bullet according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4A, the bullet 10 ejected from the cartridge case and the ammunition chamber is first arranged in front of the outer shell 1 with respect to the flight direction with respect to the ceramic 12 layer of the composite armor 11 as the target. The soft bullet 6 is landed. The high-hardness ceramic 12 layer having low toughness and ductility is shattered into pieces by impact when the soft bullet 6 is landed.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the soft bullet 6 is plastically deformed or crushed from the central portion 6 a toward the outer peripheral side by an impact at the time of landing or a repulsive force from the ceramic 12 layer. It is accepted.
The soft bullet 6 may be any material that can break the ceramic 12 layer and is plastically deformed, and is appropriately selected depending on the hardness and thickness of the ceramic 12 layer of the target composite armor 11.

As shown in FIG. 4B, after the soft bullet 6 is plastically deformed, the hard bullet 6 penetrates near the center which is a thin portion of the soft bullet 6 and penetrates the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11.
The impact accompanying the impact of the soft bullet 6 or the repulsive force from the ceramic 12 layer is absorbed by the space 5 or the shock absorber filled in the space 5. For this reason, the impact of the impact of the soft bullet 6 on the hard bullet 4 is small. Therefore, since the hard bullet 4 arranged behind the soft bullet 6 is not affected by the impact caused by the impact of the soft bullet 6, the penetrating characteristics and the dynamic characteristics are not deteriorated. Thus, the hard bullet 4 lands on the ceramic 12 layer portion destroyed by the soft bullet 6 so that the bulletproof steel plate 13 can be penetrated.
The hard bullet 4 may be any material having a hardness higher than that of the soft bullet 6 and a hardness capable of penetrating the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11. The hardness and thickness of the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the target composite armor 11 may be used. It is selected as appropriate.

  Thus, by making the central part of the soft bullet 6 thin, the hard bullet 4 arranged at the rear part of the bullet core 2 can easily penetrate the soft bullet 6. Therefore, when the hard bullet 4 penetrates the soft bullet 6, it can land on the bulletproof steel plate 13 of the composite armor 11 without penetrating the bulletproof property and the ballistic property, and can penetrate the bulletproof steel plate 13.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bullet concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the effect | action of the bullet concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bullet concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the effect | action of the bullet concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 outer shell 2 bullet core 3 soft bullet (first bullet core)
4 Hard bullet (second core)
5 Space 6 Soft bullet (first core)
10 bullet 11 composite armor 12 ceramic 13 bulletproof steel plate

Claims (4)

In a bullet having a bullet core penetrating a composite armor composed of ceramics and steel plate, and an outer shell covering the bullet core,
The bullet core is provided in front of the outer shell with respect to the flight direction of the bullet, and a first bullet core that destroys the ceramics;
A second bullet core provided behind the first bullet core and penetrating the composite armor;
A bullet characterized in that, after the first bullet core is deformed, the second bullet core penetrates the first armor and penetrates the composite armor. The bullet according to claim 1, wherein the bullet core is formed of a soft first core and the second core is harder and harder than the first core. The bullet according to claim 1, wherein the bullet core is provided with a space between the first bullet core and the second bullet core. The bullet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first bullet core has a central portion formed thinner than an outer peripheral portion.

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