JP2006193563A - Fuel gas-purifying apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel gas-purifying apparatus which can purify a fuel gas used as a fuel from a raw material containing many impure components. <P>SOLUTION: This fuel gas-purifying apparatus comprises an impurity-solidifying device 3 for blowing a removing agent into a raw material gas 2 to solidify impurities, a physical filtration device 6 for physically filtering off the impurities solidified on at least an impurity-solidifying device 3, and an adsorbing removing device 8 for flowing the impurity-removed raw material gas 2 to adsorb and remove the impurities with an adsorbing agent. By the dry method, many impurities contained in a raw material produced from various raw materials can be removed to give a fuel gas 9 capable of being applied to many purposes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a fuel gas refining facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point to obtain fuel gas.

  In recent years, effective use of resources and reduction of waste have been demanded, and it is considered that raw material gas produced from biomass or raw material gas produced from waste is used as fuel gas. Since various fuel gases contain impurities that affect the environment, so-called fuel gas refining techniques have been proposed in the past to remove multi-component impurities and improve quality (for example, Patent Document 1). 2).

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method and apparatus for recycling organic waste that removes impurities in the reducing gas using wet gas purification. That is, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is based on the removal of water-soluble acidic gas and dust by a scrubber using an alkaline cleaning liquid, the conversion of CO to H ₂ by a shift reaction apparatus (catalytic reactor), and the wet desulfurization apparatus. A process of removing H ₂ S and CO ₂ is provided. In this technique, a fuel gas having a composition suitable for ammonia synthesis is obtained from a waste gasifier for an ammonia synthesis process containing H ₂ .

  Patent Document 2 proposes a gas purification method and gas purification equipment for removing impurities in the reducing gas. That is, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a technique for removing hydrogen chloride and ammonia contained in the coal gasification gas as solids by an ammonium chloride purification reaction at a low temperature. This technology makes it possible to apply coal gasification gas as fuel gas.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 are known as exhaust gas treatment apparatuses that remove multi-component impurities that affect the environment from exhaust gas released to the atmosphere. The field of exhaust gas treatment is not concerned with the quality of the gas after treatment because the first purpose is that specific components are not discharged into the environment. In this respect, the technical idea is different from fuel gas refining, whose primary purpose is to improve the quality of the gas after treatment.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-236801 JP-A-11-57402 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-28856 JP 2004-167388 A

In the field of fuel gas refining technology, as proposed in Patent Document 1, to obtain a fuel gas having a composition suitable for ammonia synthesis for an ammonia synthesis process containing H ₂ by removing impurities, that is, A technique for obtaining a fuel gas having a specific composition is known. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a fuel gas whose use is specified by removing impurities that affect the environment, but the refined fuel gas can be used as a fuel gas for a molten carbonate fuel cell, a fuel gas for a combustion turbine, for example. In reality, it cannot be used for various applications such as a raw material gas for chemical synthesis.

  Here, in this specification, the definition of fuel gas includes, for example, a fuel gas for cell reaction applied to a molten carbonate fuel cell, a fuel gas for combustion applied to a combustion turbine, and a chemical gas for chemical synthesis. It is described as a fuel gas including the meaning of the raw material gas. That is, the fuel gas is not limited to that used for combustion, and the raw material gas used for various chemical reactions is also referred to as fuel gas.

  Further, as proposed in Patent Document 2, there is known a technique for purifying coal gasification gas so that it can be applied as a fuel gas, that is, a technique for obtaining a fuel gas by removing impurities from a specific raw material gas. It has been. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a fuel gas from which impurities affecting the environment have been removed from a specific raw material gas, but a raw material gas having no specified impurities, such as a raw material gas produced from biomass or a raw material gas produced from waste. The situation was that the fuel gas could not be refined and supplied.

  That is, the present condition is that the refinement | purification technique of the fuel gas with respect to various apparatuses is not established by removing a multicomponent impurity from the various raw material gas with which the impurity is not specified.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and a fuel gas refining facility capable of removing various impurities contained in a raw material gas produced from various raw materials and obtaining a fuel gas applicable to multiple purposes. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a fuel gas refining facility for removing impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point. Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a remover or utilizing phase change of impurities, physical filtering means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration, and physical filtration The fuel gas refining equipment is provided with adsorption removal means for circulating the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by the means and adsorbing and removing impurities with an adsorbent.

  According to the first aspect, it is possible to provide a fuel gas purification facility capable of removing various impurities contained in the raw material gas produced from various raw materials and obtaining a multipurpose fuel gas. .

  In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention is a fuel gas refining facility for removing impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point. Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a remover or utilizing phase change of impurities, physical filtering means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration, and physical filtration An adsorbing / removing means for adsorbing and removing impurities by an adsorbent by circulating a raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by means, a catalyst converting means for chemically converting the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by an adsorbing / removing means using a catalyst, and catalytic conversion And a reaction removal means for removing impurities by chemically reacting the raw material gas chemically converted by the means with an absorbent. Located in.

  In the second aspect, it is possible to provide a fuel gas refining facility capable of removing a wide range of impurities contained in the raw material gas produced from various raw materials and obtaining a multipurpose fuel gas. .

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the impurity fixing means is supplied with an adsorbent or an absorbent as a removing agent, or the gas temperature is lowered to a temperature lower than the impurity condensation temperature. At least one of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, light metals, and hydrocarbons is fixed by the phase change.

  In the third aspect, at least one of acidic gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, light metals, and hydrocarbons can be fixed by the impurity fixing means.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the physical filtration means removes at least one of the impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means and the solid impurities in the source gas by the filter. It is in a fuel gas purification facility characterized by

  In the fourth aspect, the impurities fixed by the impurity fixing unit and the solid impurities in the source gas can be removed by the physical filtering unit.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the adsorption / removal means adsorbs and removes at least one of an acid gas, a basic gas, a heavy metal, an organic chlorine compound, and a hydrocarbon by an adsorbent. It is in the fuel gas purification facility characterized by this.

  In the fifth aspect, at least one of acidic gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, and hydrocarbons can be removed by the adsorption removing means.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention resides in a fuel gas purification facility according to the fifth aspect, wherein the adsorbent is activated carbon.

  In the sixth aspect, at least one of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, and hydrocarbons can be removed with activated carbon.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the fuel gas purification facility according to the second aspect, in the catalyst conversion means, at least one of acid gas, basic gas, and hydrocarbons is chemically converted by the catalyst. is there.

  In the seventh aspect, at least one of acidic gas, basic gas, and hydrocarbons can be removed by the catalyst conversion means.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, in the reaction removal means, at least one of the acidic gas, the organic chlorine compound, and the hydrocarbon is absorbed by a chemical reaction with the absorbent or decomposed. It is in a fuel gas purification facility characterized by being absorbed.

  In the eighth aspect, at least one of acidic gas, organochlorine compound, and hydrocarbons can be removed by the reaction removing means.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a fuel gas refining facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point and uses it as a fuel gas. Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a remover or utilizing phase change of impurities, physical filtering means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration, and physical filtration An adsorbing / removing means for circulating the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by means of adsorbing and removing the impurities by an adsorbent, a catalytic conversion means for chemically converting the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by the adsorbing / removing means using a catalyst, and catalytic conversion And a reaction removal means for removing impurities by chemically reacting the raw material gas chemically converted by the means with an absorbent. At least of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metal, organochlorine compound, light metal, hydrocarbons due to phase change accompanying blowing in adsorbent or absorbent or reducing gas temperature below the condensation temperature of impurities One is fixed, and in the physical filtration means, at least one of the impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means and the solid impurities in the raw material gas is removed by the filter, and in the adsorption removal means, acid gas, basic gas, heavy metal And at least one of organic chlorine compounds and hydrocarbons is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent, and at the catalyst conversion means, at least one of acid gas, basic gas and hydrocarbons is chemically converted by the catalyst, and at the reaction removal means, At least one of acid gases, organochlorine compounds, and hydrocarbons is absorbed by the chemical reaction with the absorbent. Or, alternatively there be absorbed is decomposed in the fuel gas purification apparatus according to claim.

  In the ninth aspect, at least one of acidic gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, light metals, and hydrocarbons can be fixed by the impurity fixing means, and the impurity fixing can be performed by the physical filtration means. Impurities fixed by the means and solid impurities in the raw material gas can be removed, and at least one of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds and hydrocarbons is removed by adsorption removal means. The catalytic conversion means can remove at least one of acid gas, basic gas, and hydrocarbons, and the reaction removal means can remove at least one of acid gas, organochlorine compound, and hydrocarbons. It is possible to remove a wide range of impurities contained in the raw material gas produced from various raw materials, and to obtain a fuel gas that can be applied for various purposes. It is possible to the equipment.

  According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to ninth aspects, there is provided a fuel gas purification facility comprising a gas property adjusting means for adjusting the gas property of the fuel gas.

  In the tenth aspect, the gas property of the fuel gas can be adjusted to a desired state.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the tenth aspect, the gas property adjusting means optimally adjusts at least one of the temperature, pressure, and gas composition, which is a gas property, according to the use of the fuel gas to be purified. It is in the fuel gas refinery equipment characterized by having the function to do.

  In the eleventh aspect, at least one property of temperature, pressure, and gas composition can be optimally adjusted according to the application.

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to eleventh aspects, the raw material gas is produced from a raw material gas produced from biomass, a raw material gas produced from waste, a raw material gas produced from coal, or heavy oil. The fuel gas purification facility is characterized by being at least one of the raw material gases.

  In the twelfth aspect, the raw material gas produced from biomass, the raw material gas produced from waste, the raw material gas produced from coal, or the raw material gas produced from heavy oil can be purified to supply the fuel gas. .

  A thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the fuel gas purification facility according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, wherein the refined fuel gas is a fuel gas of a molten carbonate fuel cell.

  In the thirteenth aspect, the raw material gas can be purified and the fuel gas for the molten carbonate fuel cell can be supplied.

  A fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the fuel gas purification facility according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, wherein the purified fuel gas is a fuel gas for chemical synthesis.

  In the fourteenth aspect, the raw material gas can be purified and the fuel gas for chemical synthesis can be supplied.

  The fuel gas purification facility of the present invention can be a fuel gas purification facility that can remove various impurities contained in the raw material gas produced from various raw materials, and can obtain a fuel gas applicable to multiple purposes. It becomes.

  The present invention includes coal, heavy oil, waste oil, waste such as paper waste and domestic waste, biomass, solid waste fuel (Refuse Delivered Fuel, RDF), solid fuel consisting of waste paper and waste plastic (Refuse Paper and Plastic Fuel) , RPF), etc., which is a raw material gas obtained by partial oxidation, that is, equipment that removes whatever impurities are contained and purifies it as fuel gas, fuel for gas combustion boilers, general combustion fuels, This is a facility for obtaining a fuel gas that can be used as a fuel for a gas engine, a fuel for a gas turbine, a fuel for a high-temperature fuel cell, and a fuel gas (raw material gas) for chemical synthesis. In removing multi-component impurities, removal is performed by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point, and a system is constructed in which impurities removed downstream do not adversely affect (impede) the upstream removal process. Yes.

FIG. 1 shows the relationship between components of a fuel gas purification facility according to an embodiment of the present invention and impurities to be removed. The order of the removal process in the components shown in FIG. 1 is as follows.
(1) Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by using a phase change caused by blowing an absorbent or adsorbent as an impurity fixing agent into the raw material gas or lowering the temperature.

In the impurity fixing means, acidic gases, basic gases, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, tars and other hydrocarbons become solid by the impurity fixing agent. In addition, light metals such as alkali metals become solid even if the temperature is lowered below their condensation temperature. In order to remove the impurity fixing agent containing acid gas, basic gas, hydrocarbons and solid light metals fixed by this means, it is combined with physical filtration means described later.
(2) Physical filtration means for removing impurities by physical filtration.

In the physical filtering means, the solid impurities such as the impurity fixing agent and dust used in the impurity fixing means and the hydrocarbons are physically filtered and removed. The hydrocarbons are removed in combination with a reaction removal means described later.
(3) Adsorption removal means for adsorbing and removing impurities with an adsorbent.

The adsorption / removal means adsorbs and removes acidic gases, basic gases, heavy metals, organic chlorine compounds such as dioxins, and hydrocarbons.
(4) Catalyst conversion means for chemically converting impurities with a catalyst.

In the catalyst conversion means, acidic gas or basic gas is chemically converted into a material that is easy to remove, and basic gas and hydrocarbons are decomposed. In particular, the acidic gas is applied to precision purification that achieves a concentration of, for example, ppm or less, in combination with the reaction removal means described later.
(5) Reaction removal means for removing impurities by chemically reacting impurities contained in the source gas with the absorbent.

  In the reaction removal means, acid gas, organochlorine compound, and hydrocarbons are removed. The acidic gas contains a substance that has been chemically converted by the catalytic conversion means.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, in order to improve the quality of the fuel gas after purification, in addition to reducing the components (impurities) to be removed and immobilized, the properties of the gas used after purification (temperature, pressure, gas) It is possible to provide a function (gas property adjusting means) capable of adjusting the composition etc. to be optimal according to the application.

  Specifically, the ratio of (hydrogen / carbon monoxide) is improved, the methane concentration is increased, and the gas composition suitable for the fuel gas for the molten carbonate fuel cell is adjusted, or ammonia is added. As a fuel gas (raw material gas) for chemical synthesis such as synthesis, methanol synthesis, GTL, etc., a function of optimizing the ratio of (hydrogen / carbon monoxide) can be provided. As a method of achieving the function of adjusting the composition of the fuel gas, a water gas shift reaction is used in which the gas during purification or after purification is passed through a reactor equipped with a catalyst according to the purpose during the purification or after purification. Or a method using a methanation reaction or the like.

  Some of the impurities to be removed shown in FIG. 1 described above can be treated by a single removal means (component), and some may be better coordinated with a plurality of components. . The matrix of the components, where the countermeasures should be taken for each impurity, is shown in the table of FIG. In the figure, the symbol ◎ is the most suitable component for removing the target impurity, and the symbol ◯ is the component having the next highest applicability. In addition, what is connected by a straight line is a component that works together. For example, the impurity fixing means cannot be completely removed by itself, and must always be accompanied by physical filtration for removing the fixed impurities.

  In many cases, the adsorption removal means, the catalyst conversion means, and the reaction removal means are processes that closely cooperate with each other, and the order may be changed depending on circumstances. Depending on the type of impurities to be removed, physical filtration means, catalyst conversion means, or reaction removal means may be used repeatedly at two or more locations in the gas purification facility.

  By combining the constituent elements shown in FIG. 1, it is possible to construct a source gas supply device that supplies various source gases and a dry gas purification facility that can be applied to a purified gas utilization device that uses various types of purified gas. it can.

  Based on FIG. 2 thru | or FIG. 8, the specific embodiment example of the gas purification equipment of this invention is demonstrated. FIGS. 2 to 8 show gas purification equipment systems according to first to seventh embodiments of the present invention. In any of the facilities, the raw material gas supply device that supplies the raw material gas and the purified gas utilization device that uses the refined fuel gas are connected by a removal process based on a plurality of components.

  A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 2, a raw material gas 2 obtained by, for example, partially oxidizing domestic waste (such as garbage and paper waste) from a raw material gas supply device 1 is sent to an impurity fixing device 3 as an impurity fixing means. The impurity fixing device 3 is blown with an impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent from the impurity fixing agent supply device 4. In the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent 5. The raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtering device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtering means, and the physical filtering device 6 removes the impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acidic gas. . Further, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtering device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 as an adsorption / removal unit, and the basic gas (ammonia) is adsorbed and removed by an adsorbent (for example, activated carbon). The gas in which the basic gas is adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the purified gas utilization device 10 to be used as the combustion gas.

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 shows an example in which a raw material gas obtained by partially oxidizing paper waste is purified to supply combustion fuel. And the combination of the component of a removal means and the impurity made into removal object is shown in FIG. 1, (a) acid gas is removed by cooperation of (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, ( 3) (b) Basic gas (ammonia) is removed by adsorption removing means, and (2) solid impurities (dust, impurity fixing agent, etc.) are removed by (2) physical filtration means.

  For this reason, it is possible to supply a fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, and solid impurities have been removed using gas obtained by partial oxidation of domestic waste (such as garbage and paper waste) as a raw material gas.

  A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the element same as the component shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, a raw material gas 2 produced from biomass in a gasification furnace is sent from a raw material gas supply device 1 to an impurity fixing device 3 as an impurity fixing means, and the impurity fixing device 3 is supplied with an impurity fixing agent. Impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent is blown from the apparatus 4. In the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtering device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtering means, and the physical filtering device 6 removes the impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acidic gas. . Further, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, the condensed light metals, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtering device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 as an adsorption / removal unit, and the basic gas (ammonia) is adsorbed and removed by an adsorbent (for example, activated carbon).

  The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas has been adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to a catalyst conversion device 11 as a catalyst conversion means, where hydrocarbons (such as unsaturated hydrocarbons) are chemically decomposed. Removed. The gas from which the hydrocarbons have been removed is used as fuel gas 9 and sent to the refined gas utilization device 10 to be used as fuel gas for the gas engine.

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 shows an example in which a gas for a gas engine is supplied by purifying a raw material gas produced from biomass in a gasifier. The combination of the constituent elements of the removal means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1, and (a) acid gas is removed (coarse purification) by cooperation of (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means. (3) (b) the basic gas (ammonia) is removed by the adsorption removal means, (2) (c) the solid impurities (tast, impurity fixing agent, etc.) are removed by the physical filtration means, (1) The (f) light metals (alkali metal, etc.) are removed by the cooperation of the impurity fixing means and (2) the physical filtration means, and (4) the hydrocarbons are decomposed and removed by the catalyst conversion means (g). The

  For this reason, the fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, light metals, and hydrocarbons are removed from the raw material gas can be supplied.

  A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 4, a raw material gas 2 produced from coal by, for example, a coal gasification furnace is sent from an raw material gas supply device 1 to an impurity fixing device 3 as an impurity fixing means. Impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent is blown from the agent supply device 4. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrogen chloride (HCl) or the like of the acid gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtering device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtering means, and the physical filtering device 6 removes the impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acidic gas. . Further, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, the condensed light metals, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtering device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 as an adsorption / removal unit, and the basic gas (ammonia) is adsorbed and removed by an adsorbent (for example, activated carbon).

The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas is adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 11 as the catalyst conversion means, and the catalyst conversion device 11 is difficult to remove by the reaction removal device 12 like carbonyl sulfide (COS). The acid gas is chemically converted into hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by the action of the COS conversion catalyst. The raw material gas 2 obtained by chemically converting the acid gas in the catalyst conversion device 11 is sent to the reaction removal device 12 as a reaction removal means, and the acid gas is removed by a chemical reaction with an absorbent (such as iron oxide). The gas from which the acidic gas has been removed by the reaction removal device 12 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the refined gas utilization device 10 to be used as the fuel gas for the gas turbine.

That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 shows an example in which the raw material gas obtained in the coal gasification furnace is purified to supply the gas turbine fuel. The combination of the constituent elements of the removal means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1, and (a) acid gas (HCl or the like) is produced by the cooperation of (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means. The (a) acid gas (COS, H ₂ S) is refined by the cooperation of (4) catalyst conversion means and (5) reaction removal means. Further, (3) (b) basic gas (ammonia) is removed by adsorption removing means, (2) (c) solid impurities are removed by physical filtration means, (1) impurity fixing means, and (2) (F) Light metals (alkali metals) are removed in cooperation with physical filtration means.

  For this reason, the fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, and light metals were removed from the raw material gas manufactured from coal can be supplied.

  A fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 5, a raw material gas 2 produced from coal by a coal gasification furnace, for example, is sent from an raw material gas supply device 1 to an impurity fixing device 3 as an impurity fixing means. Impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent is blown from the agent supply device 4. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrogen chloride (HCl) or the like of the acid gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtration device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtration means, and the physical filtration device 6 removes the impurity fixing agent 5 that has reacted with the acidic gas. The Furthermore, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent 5. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. In addition, if the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 are operated at a temperature at which solid ammonium chloride is produced from HCl and ammonia, the acidic gas HCl and the basic gas ammonia are converted into ammonium chloride as a solid state. It can be removed together with impurities. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, the condensed light metals, the produced ammonium chloride, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtration device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 serving as an adsorption / removal means, where basic gas (ammonia), heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.), and organic chlorine compounds (dioxins). Is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. For the adsorbent used in this case, activated carbon with optimized performance is suitable for each object to be removed (that is, basic gas, heavy metal and organochlorine compound), and a plurality of these activated carbons can be used in combination. Can be removed.

The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas, heavy metals, and organic chlorine compounds are adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to the reaction removal device 13, and hydrogen halide (HCl) of the acidic gas that could not be removed in each upstream process. , HF, etc.) are chemically removed with the absorbent and precisely removed. The raw material gas 2 from which the hydrogen halide has been removed by the reaction removal device 13 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 11 as the catalyst conversion means, and the catalyst conversion device 11 has an acidic property that is difficult to remove by the reaction removal means, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS). The gas is chemically converted into hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by the action of the COS conversion catalyst. The raw material gas 2 obtained by chemically converting the acidic gas in the catalyst conversion device 11 is sent to the reaction removal device 12 as a reaction removal means, where the acidic gas is chemically removed with an absorbent (such as zinc oxide) and precisely removed. . The gas from which the acid gas has been removed by the reaction removal device 12 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the refined gas utilization device 10 where it is used as a fuel gas for a high-temperature fuel cell (molten carbonate fuel cell: MCFC).

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 shows an example in which the raw material gas produced from coal is refined and the fuel for MCFC is supplied. The combination of the constituent elements of the removing means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1. (A) Acid gas (hydrogen halide) in cooperation with (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtering means (5) The reaction gas removing means (a) the acid gas (hydrogen halide) is refined by precision, (4) The catalyst conversion means and (5) the reaction removal means in cooperation with (a) the acid gas (sulfur compound) ) Is removed, and (a) acid gas (hydrogen chloride) and (b) basic gas (ammonia) are simultaneously removed in cooperation with the impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, and (3) adsorption (B) the basic gas (ammonia) is removed by the removing means, (2) the solid impurities (dust, impurity fixing agent, etc.) are removed by the physical filtering means, and (3) the adsorption removing means ( d) Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.) and (e) organic salts Compound (dioxins) are removed, (1) impurity fixing means and (2) by the cooperation of a physical filtration means (f) a light metal compound (alkali metal) is removed.

  For this reason, it is possible to supply fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, and light metals have been removed from the raw material gas produced from coal.

  A fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 6, a raw material gas 2 produced from, for example, waste or biomass is sent from a raw material gas supply device 1 to an impurity fixing device 3 as impurity fixing means, and the impurity fixing device 3 has an impurity fixing agent supply device. 4 is injected with an impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrogen chloride (HCl) or the like of the acid gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. On the other hand, the raw material gas 2 is sent from the raw material gas supply device 1 to a physical filtration device 15 as a physical filtration means to remove hydrocarbons (tar and the like), and the raw material gas 2 from which tar and the like have been removed is fixed with impurities. Sent to device 3. The case where the source gas 2 from the source gas supply device 1 is sent directly to the impurity fixing device 3 or the case where it is sent via the physical filtration device 15 is appropriately selected by operating a switching valve (not shown).

  If necessary, the hydrocarbons are removed by the physical filtration device 15 and the raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtration device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtration means. In the physical filtration device 6, the impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas is removed. Furthermore, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent 5. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. In addition, if the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 are operated at a temperature at which solid ammonium chloride is produced from HCl and ammonia, the acidic gas HCl and the basic gas ammonia are converted into ammonium chloride as a solid state. It can be removed together with impurities. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, the condensed light metals, the generated ammonium chloride, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtration device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 serving as an adsorption / removal means, where basic gas (ammonia), heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.), and organic chlorine compounds (dioxins). Is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. For the adsorbent used in this case, activated carbon with optimized performance is suitable for each object to be removed (that is, basic gas, heavy metal and organochlorine compound), and a plurality of these activated carbons can be used in combination. Can be removed.

The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas, heavy metals, and organic chlorine compounds are adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to the reaction removal device 13, and hydrogen halide (HCl) of the acidic gas that could not be removed in each upstream process. , HF, etc.) are chemically removed with the absorbent and precisely removed. The raw material gas 2 from which the hydrogen halide has been removed by the reaction removal device 13 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 11 as the catalyst conversion means, and the catalyst conversion device 11 has an acidic property that is difficult to remove by the reaction removal means, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS). The gas is chemically converted into hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by the action of the COS conversion catalyst. The raw material gas 2 obtained by chemically converting the acidic gas in the catalyst conversion device 11 is sent to the reaction removal device 12 as a reaction removal means, where the acidic gas is chemically removed with an absorbent (such as zinc oxide) and precisely removed. . The gas from which the acid gas has been removed by the reaction removal device 12 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the refined gas utilization device 10 where it is used as a fuel gas for a high-temperature fuel cell (molten carbonate fuel cell: MCFC).

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows an example in which the raw material gas produced from waste or biomass is purified and the fuel for MCFC is supplied. The combination of the constituent elements of the removing means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1. (A) Acid gas (hydrogen halide) in cooperation with (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtering means (5) The reaction gas removing means (a) the acid gas (hydrogen halide) is refined by precision, (4) The catalyst conversion means and (5) the reaction removal means in cooperation with (a) the acid gas (sulfur compound) ) Is removed, and (a) acid gas (hydrogen chloride) and (b) basic gas (ammonia) are simultaneously removed in cooperation with the impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, and (3) adsorption (B) the basic gas (ammonia) is removed by the removing means, (2) the solid impurities (dust, impurity fixing agent, etc.) are removed by the physical filtering means, and (3) the adsorption removing means ( d) Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.) and (e) organic salts Compound (dioxins) is removed, (1) Impurities fixing means and (2) Cooperation of physical filtration means (f) Light metals (alkali metals) are removed, (2) Physical filtration means (g) Hydrocarbons (tar, etc.) are removed, and (g) hydrocarbons (unsaturated hydrocarbons, etc.) are removed by (3) adsorption removal means.

  For this reason, it is possible to supply fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, heavy metals, organic chlorine compounds, light metals, and hydrocarbons are removed from raw material gas produced from waste or biomass. .

  A sixth embodiment will be described based on FIG. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 7, a raw material gas 2 produced from, for example, waste or biomass is sent from a raw material gas supply device 1 to an impurity fixing device 3 as an impurity fixing means, and the impurity fixing device 3 has an impurity fixing agent supply device. 4 is injected with an impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrogen chloride (HCl) or the like of the acid gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. On the other hand, an impurity fixing agent 17 (for example, a tar absorbent) as a removing agent is blown into the impurity fixing device 3 from the impurity fixing agent supply means 16. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrocarbons (such as tar) in the raw material gas 2 are fixed by the impurity fixing agent 17.

  The raw material gas 2 to which the acid gas and hydrocarbons are fixed is sent to a physical filtration device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtration means, and the physical filtration device 6 has an impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas. 5 and the impurity fixing agent 17 that has absorbed hydrocarbons are removed. Further, if there remains an unreacted impurity fixing agent 17 or an impurity fixing agent 17 that has not absorbed hydrocarbons in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also reacted with the impurity fixing agent 5 in the physical filtration device 6. It is fixed, and hydrocarbons are absorbed by the impurity fixing agent 17. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. In addition, if the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 are operated at a temperature at which solid ammonium chloride is produced from HCl and ammonia, the acidic gas HCl and the basic gas ammonia are converted into ammonium chloride as a solid state. It can be removed together with impurities. The impurity fixing agent 5 that has reacted with the acid gas, the impurity fixing agent 17 that has absorbed hydrocarbons, the unreacted impurity fixing agent 17 and the impurity fixing agent 17 that has not absorbed hydrocarbons, which have been removed by the physical filtration device 6. The condensed light metals, the produced ammonium chloride, and the solid impurities are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 serving as an adsorption / removal means, where basic gas (ammonia), heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.), and organic chlorine compounds (dioxins). Is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. For the adsorbent used in this case, activated carbon with optimized performance is suitable for each object to be removed (that is, basic gas, heavy metal and organochlorine compound), and a plurality of these activated carbons can be used in combination. Can be removed.

The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas, heavy metals, and organic chlorine compounds are adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to the reaction removal device 13, and hydrogen halide (HCl) of the acidic gas that could not be removed in each upstream process. , HF, etc.) are chemically removed with the absorbent and precisely removed. The raw material gas 2 from which the hydrogen halide has been removed by the reaction removal device 13 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 11 as the catalyst conversion means, and the catalyst conversion device 11 has an acidic property that is difficult to remove by the reaction removal means, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS). The gas is chemically converted into hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by the action of the COS conversion catalyst. The raw material gas 2 obtained by chemically converting the acidic gas in the catalyst conversion device 11 is sent to the reaction removal device 12 as a reaction removal means, where the acidic gas is chemically removed with an absorbent (such as zinc oxide) and precisely removed. . The gas from which the acid gas has been removed by the reaction removal device 12 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the refined gas utilization device 10 where it is used as a fuel gas for a high-temperature fuel cell (molten carbonate fuel cell: MCFC).

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 shows an example in which the raw material gas produced from waste or biomass is purified and the fuel for MCFC is supplied. The combination of the constituent elements of the removing means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1. (A) Acid gas (hydrogen halide) in cooperation with (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtering means (5) The reaction gas removing means (a) the acid gas (hydrogen halide) is refined by precision, (4) The catalyst conversion means and (5) the reaction removal means in cooperation with (a) the acid gas (sulfur compound) ) Is removed, and (a) acid gas (hydrogen chloride) and (b) basic gas (ammonia) are simultaneously removed in cooperation with the impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, and (3) adsorption (B) the basic gas (ammonia) is removed by the removing means, (2) the solid impurities (dust, impurity fixing agent, etc.) are removed by the physical filtering means, and (3) the adsorption removing means ( d) Heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.) and (e) organic salts Compounds (dioxins) are removed, and (f) light metals (alkali metals) and (g) hydrocarbons (tar, etc.) are removed by cooperation of (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means. .

  For this reason, it is possible to supply fuel gas from which acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, heavy metals, organic chlorine compounds, light metals, and hydrocarbons are removed from raw material gas produced from waste or biomass. .

  A seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those shown in FIGS. 2 to 7 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in FIG. 8, the raw material gas 2 produced from waste or biomass or the raw material gas 2 produced from coal is sent from the raw material gas supply device 1 to the impurity fixing device 3 as the impurity fixing means, and the impurities are fixed. The impurity fixing agent 5 {for example, Ca (OH) ₂ } as a removing agent is blown into the device 3 from the impurity fixing agent supply device 4. In the impurity fixing device 3, hydrogen chloride (HCl) or the like of the acid gas from the source gas 2 is fixed by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The raw material gas 2 to which the acidic gas is fixed is sent to a physical filtering device 6 (for example, a bag filter) as a physical filtering means, and the physical filtering device 6 removes the impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acidic gas. . Further, if unreacted impurity fixing agent remains in the impurity fixing device 3, the acidic gas is also fixed in the physical filtration device 6 by a chemical reaction with the impurity fixing agent. The physical filtration device 6 also removes solid impurities such as dust. In addition, by operating the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 at a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of light metals, light metals such as alkali metals are condensed and removed together with solid impurities. In addition, if the impurity fixing device 3 and the physical filtration device 6 are operated at a temperature at which solid ammonium chloride is produced from HCl and ammonia, the acidic gas HCl and the basic gas ammonia are converted into ammonium chloride as a solid state. It can be removed together with impurities. The impurity fixing agent that has reacted with the acid gas, the unreacted impurity fixing agent, the condensed light metals, the produced ammonium chloride, and the solid impurities removed by the physical filtration device 6 are discharged to the impurity discharging device 7. The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the physical filtration device 6 is sent to an adsorption / removal device 8 serving as an adsorption / removal means, where basic gas (ammonia), heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, selenium, etc.), and organic chlorine compounds (dioxins). Is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent. For the adsorbent used in this case, activated carbon with optimized performance is suitable for each object to be removed (that is, basic gas, heavy metal and organochlorine compound), and a plurality of these activated carbons can be used in combination. Can be removed.

The raw material gas 2 on which the basic gas, heavy metals, and organic chlorine compounds are adsorbed by the adsorption / removal device 8 is sent to the reaction removal device 13, and hydrogen halide (HCl) of the acidic gas that could not be removed in each upstream process. , HF, etc.) are chemically removed with the absorbent and precisely removed. The raw material gas 2 from which the hydrogen halide has been removed by the reaction removal device 13 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 11 as the catalyst conversion means, and the catalyst conversion device 11 has an acidic property that is difficult to remove by the reaction removal means, such as carbonyl sulfide (COS). The gas is chemically converted into hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) by the action of the COS conversion catalyst. The raw material gas 2 obtained by chemically converting the acidic gas in the catalyst conversion device 11 is sent to the reaction removal device 12 as a reaction removal means, where the acidic gas is chemically removed with an absorbent (such as zinc oxide) and precisely removed. . The raw material gas from which the acidic gas has been removed by the reaction removal device 12 is sent to the catalyst conversion device 14, and the catalyst conversion device 14 adjusts the composition of the fuel gas to a composition suitable for the use of the purified gas utilization device 10. Chemical conversion is performed by the action of the property adjusting means, that is, the catalyst. The gas whose fuel composition has been adjusted by the gas property adjusting means in the catalyst conversion device 14 is made into the fuel gas 9 and sent to the purified gas utilization device 10.

  For example, when the source gas 2 is a source gas produced from waste or biomass, it is used as a fuel gas (a source gas for chemical reaction) for a high-temperature fuel cell (molten carbonate fuel cell: MCFC). Further, when the raw material gas 2 is a raw material gas produced from coal, it is used as a fuel gas for chemical synthesis. In these cases, in the gas property adjusting means, the ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is improved by the action of the catalyst, or the methane concentration is increased to adjust the gas composition suitable for the fuel gas for the molten carbonate fuel cell. The ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which is also suitable as a fuel gas for chemical synthesis such as ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis, and GTL (raw gas for chemical reaction), utilizing water gas shift reaction by the action of a catalyst, etc. Adjustments are made to

  That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is an example in which a raw material gas produced from waste or biomass is purified to supply MCFC fuel, and a raw material gas produced from coal is refined and used for chemical synthesis. An example of supplying a gas (a raw material gas for chemical reaction) is shown. The combination of the constituent elements of the removing means and the impurities to be removed is shown in FIG. 1. (A) Acid gas (hydrogen halide) in cooperation with (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtering means (5) The reaction gas removing means (a) the acid gas (hydrogen halide) is refined by precision, (4) The catalyst conversion means and (5) the reaction removal means in cooperation with (a) the acid gas (sulfur compound) ) Is removed, and (a) acid gas (hydrogen chloride) and (b) basic gas (ammonia) are simultaneously removed in cooperation with the impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, and (3) adsorption (B) Basic gas (ammonia) is removed by removing means, (2) (c) solid impurities are removed by (2) physical filtration means, (3) heavy metals (mercury) by (3) adsorption removing means. , Arsenic, selenium, etc.) and (e) organochlorine compounds (dioxy (F) light metals (alkali metals) are removed by cooperation of (1) impurity fixing means and (2) physical filtration means, and (3) (g) hydrocarbons are removed by adsorption removal means. The fuel composition is removed and further adjusted to the fuel composition according to the application by the gas property adjusting means.

  For this reason, acid gas, basic gas, solid impurities, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, light metals, hydrocarbons are removed from raw material gas produced from waste and biomass, and raw material gas produced from coal. A fuel gas whose gas composition is adjusted can be supplied.

  Therefore, as described in the description of the specific embodiments of the gas purification equipment of the present invention based on FIGS. 2 to 8, the multi-component impurities produced from various raw materials by various manufacturing methods are used. By performing gas purification using a fuel gas purification facility from the raw material gas contained, it becomes possible to supply the fuel gas used for the use of the fuel or the use of the raw material for synthesis.

  A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 shows a schematic system of a gas purification facility according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 10 shows the specification status of the gas purification facility. The equipment shown in FIG. 9 is an example of equipment specifically showing the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, and the same components as those shown in FIG. Members corresponding to those shown are shown in parentheses.

As shown in FIG. 9, for example, the processing gas amount is 380 m ³ N / h, and the source gas 2 at 800 ° C. (impurities include, for example, HCl, HF, H ₂ S, COS, solid impurities, dioxins, Hg Is sent to a halide removing tower 21 (impurity fixing apparatus 3) as an impurity fixing means, and Ca (OH) ₂ (impurity fixing agent 5) from the raw material hopper 23 is slurried in the halide removing tower 21. Then, it is blown together with water vapor as a removing agent from the supply means 22. In the halide removal tower 21, HCl and HF are absorbed by the slurry, and for example, HCl and HF are removed to a concentration below 50 ppm.

Here, the hydrogen halide is a compound containing HCl and HF, and the halide is a substance (CaCl ₂ , NaCl, NaF) produced by a chemical reaction with the absorbent in the reaction removal means in addition to the hydrogen halide. Etc.) and the like.

The source gas 2 from which HCl and HF have been removed is removed (filtered) by a bag filter 24 (physical filtration device 6) so that dust (solid impurities) is below 5 mg / m ³ N, for example. The raw material gas 2 from which the dust has been removed is sent to the activated carbon filter 25 (adsorption removal device 8), where the activated carbon filter 25 adsorbs dioxins and Hg to the activated carbon, for example, dioxins reduce 0.1 ngTEQ / m ³ N. Lower value, Hg is reduced to a value lower than 5 μg / m ³ N.

The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the activated carbon filter 25 is sent to the heat exchanger 27 by the blower 26 and heated, and the heated raw material gas 2 is sent to the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28 (reaction removal device 13). In the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28, hydrogen halides such as HCl and HF are absorbed by NaAlO ₂ and, for example, HCl and HF are removed to a concentration below 1 ppm.

The raw material gas 2 from which HCl or HF has been removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is sent to the COS converter 29 (catalyst converter 11), where COS is converted to H ₂ S. The raw material gas 2 in which COS is converted to H ₂ S is sent to the ZnO desulfurization tower 30 (reaction removal device 12), and H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration below 1 ppm by the absorption reaction of ZnO. The raw material gas 2 from which H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is converted into, for example, a fuel gas 9 at 600 ° C. by the heat exchanger 31 and sent to a desired device.

The specification, configuration process, processing principle, removal target, and removal item of the gas purification facility shown in FIG. 9 are as shown in FIG. 10, and the operating temperature of the gas purification facility is 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the fuel gas 9 from which these impurities are removed is supplied to the raw material gas 2 containing HCl, HF, H ₂ S, COS, solid impurities, dioxins, and Hg. Can do. Since the gas purification facility is a dry facility, there is no need to provide large-scale facilities such as a wastewater treatment facility for processing liquid, and the fuel gas 9 from which multi-component impurities are removed (for example, a fuel for MCFC) Gas) can be obtained with a simple equipment configuration. Further, by performing appropriate temperature maintenance and proper ventilation using a heat exchanger, no operation is required other than backwashing the dust filter and discharging dust.

  Another specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 11 shows a schematic system of a gas purification facility according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 12 shows a plane arrangement state of the gas purification facility shown in FIG. 11, and FIG. 13 shows a configuration of the gas purification facility shown in FIG. The side arrangement is shown. The equipment shown in FIG. 11 is an example of equipment specifically showing the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, and the same elements as those shown in FIG. 6 and the first embodiment shown in FIG. Elements that are the same as those shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the raw material gas 2 is sent to the halide removing tower 21 as an impurity fixing means by operating the switching valves 52 and 53. On the other hand, the raw material gas 2 is sent to the tar countermeasure process 51 (physical filtration device 15) by the operation of the switching valves 52 and 53, and after the tar is removed, the raw material gas 2 is moved to the halide removal tower 21 by the operation of the switching valves 52 and 53. Sent. By operating the switching valves 52 and 53, the tar countermeasure process 51 is appropriately used according to the impurities contained in the source gas 2.

After the tar is removed by the tar countermeasure process 51 as necessary, the halide removal tower 21 is made into a slurry of Ca (OH) ₂ (impurity fixing agent 5) from the raw material hopper 23 from the supply means 22. Infused with water vapor as a remover. In the halide removal tower 21, HCl and HF are fixed by Ca (OH) ₂ contained in the slurry, and, for example, HCl and HF are reduced to a concentration below 50 ppm.

The source gas 2 to which HCl and HF are fixed is such that the dust (solid impurities) containing hydrogen halide fixed by the bag filter 24 (physical filtration device 6) falls below, for example, 5 mg / m ³ N. Removed (filtered). The raw material gas 2 from which the dust has been removed is sent to the activated carbon filter 25 (adsorption removal device 8), where the activated carbon filter 25 adsorbs dioxins and Hg to the activated carbon, for example, dioxins reduce 0.1 ngTEQ / m ³ N. Lower value, Hg is reduced to a value lower than 5 μg / m ³ N.

The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the activated carbon filter 25 is sent to the heat exchanger 27 by the blower 26 and heated, and the heated raw material gas 2 is sent to the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28 (reaction removal device 13). In the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28, hydrogen halides such as HCl and HF are absorbed by NaAlO ₂ and, for example, HCl and HF are removed to a concentration below 1 ppm.

The raw material gas 2 from which HCl or HF has been removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is sent to the COS converter 29 (catalyst converter 11), where COS is converted to H ₂ S. The raw material gas 2 in which COS is converted to H ₂ S is sent to the ZnO desulfurization tower 30 (reaction removal device 12), and H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration below 1 ppm by the absorption reaction of ZnO. The raw material gas 2 from which H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is converted into, for example, a fuel gas 9 at 600 ° C. by the heat exchanger 31 and sent to a desired device.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the fuel gas 9 from which tar has been removed can be supplied if necessary. Since the gas purification facility is a dry facility, there is no need to provide large-scale facilities such as a wastewater treatment facility for processing liquid, and the fuel gas 9 from which multi-component impurities are removed (for example, a fuel for MCFC) Gas) can be obtained with a simple equipment configuration. Further, by performing appropriate temperature maintenance and proper ventilation using a heat exchanger, no operation is required other than backwashing the dust filter and discharging dust.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, when the raw material gas 2 is not circulated to the tar countermeasure process means 51, the gas heated by the start-up heater 72 with the fuel from the fuel supply system 71 is blown by the blower 73 to the site of the switching valve 53. To feed the raw material gas 2 and raise the temperature. Further, backwashing nitrogen supplied from the nitrogen curd 75 to the backwashing nitrogen tank 74 is sent to the bag filter 24, and backwashing is appropriately performed. The gas purification facility is provided with an analyzer and an operation system 76.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, all the components of the gas purification equipment are arranged on one plane. That is, there is no other component on top of one component. For this reason, the replacement and maintenance of the components for each component can be performed from the upper part of each component, and the maintenance is very good. In addition, it is very easy to replace and maintain the filters by packaging the filters and replacing the package from the top of each component.

  Another specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 14 shows a schematic system of gas purification equipment according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The equipment shown in FIG. 14 is an example of equipment specifically showing the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and the same elements as those shown in FIG. 7 and the first embodiment shown in FIG. Elements that are the same as those shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 14, the source gas 2 is sent to a halide removing tower 63 as an impurity fixing means. Ca (OH) ₂ (impurity fixing agent 5) from the raw material hopper 23 is made into a slurry and blown into the halide removal tower 63 together with water vapor as a removal agent from the supply means 22. In the halide removal tower 63, HCl and HF are absorbed by the slurry, and for example, HCl and HF are removed to a concentration below 50 ppm. On the other hand, a tar absorbent (impurity fixing agent 17) from the raw material hopper 61 is blown into the halide removing tower 63 together with water vapor from the supply means 62. In the halide removal tower 63, tar in the raw material gas 2 is fixed by a tar absorbent.

The source gas 2 to which HCl, HF, and tar are fixed has a dust (solid impurity) containing halide and tar fixed by the bag filter 24 (physical filtration device 6), for example, 5 mg / m ³ N. It is removed (filtered) to a lower state. The raw material gas 2 from which the solid impurities have been removed is sent to the activated carbon filter 25 (adsorption removal device 8), and the activated carbon filter 25 adsorbs dioxins and Hg to the activated carbon. For example, dioxins are 0.1 ngTEQ / m ^3. The value is lower than N and Hg is reduced to a value lower than 5 μg / m ³ N.

The raw material gas 2 that has passed through the activated carbon filter 25 is sent to the heat exchanger 27 by the blower 26 and heated, and the heated raw material gas 2 is sent to the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28 (reaction removal device 13). In the hydrogen halide precision removal tower 28, hydrogen halides such as HCl and HF are absorbed by NaAlO ₂ and, for example, HCl and HF are removed to a concentration below 1 ppm.

The raw material gas 2 from which HCl or HF has been removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is sent to the COS converter 29 (catalyst converter 11), where COS is converted to H ₂ S. The raw material gas 2 in which COS is converted to H ₂ S is sent to the ZnO desulfurization tower 30 (reaction removal device 12), and H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration below 1 ppm by the absorption reaction of ZnO. The raw material gas 2 from which H ₂ S and COS are combined and removed to a concentration lower than 1 ppm is converted into, for example, a fuel gas 9 at 600 ° C. by the heat exchanger 31 and sent to a desired device.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the fuel gas 9 from which tar is reliably removed can be supplied. And since the gas purification equipment is a dry-type equipment, large-scale facilities such as the regeneration equipment for various absorption liquids and the wastewater treatment equipment for the processing liquid discharged from the scrubber, which are essential for the wet gas purification equipment, are installed. It is not necessary to provide the fuel gas 9 from which multi-component impurities are removed (for example, a fuel gas for MCFC) with a simple equipment configuration. In addition, by performing appropriate temperature maintenance and proper ventilation using a heat exchanger, operation can be performed with simple operations such as backwashing the dust filter and discharging dust.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used in the industrial field of a fuel gas purification facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point to obtain a fuel gas.

It is a table | surface showing the relationship between the component of the fuel gas refinery | purification equipment which concerns on the example of embodiment of this invention, and the impurity removed. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a gas purification facility according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the 2nd Example of this invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the example of 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the example of 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the 5th Example of this invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic systematic diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on the example of 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on 4th Example of this invention. It is a table | surface figure showing the specification condition of gas purification equipment. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on 5th Example of this invention. FIG. 12 is a plan layout view of the gas purification facility shown in FIG. 11. FIG. 12 is a side layout view of the gas purification facility shown in FIG. 11. It is a schematic system diagram of the gas purification equipment which concerns on 6th Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Raw material gas supply apparatus 2 Raw material gas 3 Impurity fixing apparatus 4 Impurity fixing agent supply apparatus 5 Impurity fixing agent 6, 15 Physical filtration apparatus 7 Impurity discharge apparatus 8 Adsorption removal apparatus 9 Fuel gas 10 Refined gas utilization apparatus 11, 14 Catalytic conversion Apparatus 12, 13 Reaction removal apparatus 16 Impurity fixing agent supply means 17 Impurity fixing agent 21, 63 Halide removal tower 22, 62 Supply means 23, 61 Raw material hopper 24 Bag filter 25 Activated carbon filter 26 Blower 27, 31 Heat exchanger 28 Halogen Hydrogen fluoride precision removal tower 29 COS converter 30 ZnO desulfurization tower 51 Tar countermeasure process 52, 53 switching valve 71 Fuel supply system 72 Start-up heater 73 Blower 74 Backwash nitrogen tank 75 Nitrogen curdle 76 Analyzer and operation system

Claims (14)

A fuel gas refining facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point and uses it as a fuel gas,
Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a removing agent into the source gas and utilizing the phase change of impurities,
Physical filtration means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration;
A fuel gas refining facility comprising: an adsorbing / removing means for circulating a raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by a physical filtering means, and adsorbing and removing impurities by an adsorbent. A fuel gas refining facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point and uses it as a fuel gas,
Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a removing agent into the source gas and utilizing the phase change of impurities,
Physical filtration means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration;
An adsorbing / removing means for adsorbing and removing impurities by an adsorbent by circulating a raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by physical filtering means;
Catalyst conversion means for chemically converting the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by the adsorption removal means with a catalyst;
A fuel gas refining facility, comprising: a reaction removal means for removing impurities by chemically reacting the raw material gas chemically converted by the catalyst conversion means with an absorbent. In claim 1 or 2,
In the impurity fixing means, an adsorbent or absorbent is blown as a removing agent, or a phase change accompanied by lowering the gas temperature below the impurity condensation temperature, so that acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds A fuel gas purification facility, wherein at least one of light metal and hydrocarbons is fixed. In claim 1 or 2,
In the physical filtration means, at least one of the impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means and the solid impurities in the raw material gas is removed by a filter. In claim 1 or 2,
A fuel gas purification facility characterized in that at least one of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, and hydrocarbons is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent in the adsorption removal means.   6. The fuel gas purification facility according to claim 5, wherein the adsorbent is activated carbon. In claim 2,
In the catalyst conversion means, at least one of an acid gas, a basic gas, and hydrocarbons is chemically converted by the catalyst. In claim 2,
In the reaction removal means, at least one of an acid gas, an organic chlorine compound, and hydrocarbons is absorbed by a chemical reaction with an absorbent or decomposed and absorbed. A fuel gas refining facility that removes impurities from a raw material gas by a dry method that does not lower the gas temperature below the dew point and uses it as a fuel gas,
Impurity fixing means for fixing impurities by blowing a removing agent into the source gas and utilizing the phase change of impurities,
Physical filtration means for removing at least impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means by physical filtration;
An adsorbing / removing means for adsorbing and removing impurities by an adsorbent by circulating a raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by physical filtering means;
Catalyst conversion means for chemically converting the raw material gas from which impurities have been removed by the adsorption removal means with a catalyst;
A reaction removal means for removing impurities by chemically reacting the raw material gas chemically converted by the catalyst conversion means with an absorbent;
In the impurity fixing means, an adsorbent or absorbent is blown as a removing agent, or a phase change accompanied by lowering the gas temperature below the impurity condensation temperature, so that acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds At least one of light metals and hydrocarbons is fixed,
In the physical filtration means, at least one of the impurities fixed by the impurity fixing means and the solid impurities in the raw material gas is removed by the filter,
In the adsorption removal means, at least one of acid gas, basic gas, heavy metals, organochlorine compounds, hydrocarbons is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent,
In the catalyst conversion means, at least one of acid gas, basic gas, and hydrocarbons is chemically converted by the catalyst,
A fuel gas refining facility characterized in that, in the reaction removal means, at least one of acid gas, organochlorine compound, and hydrocarbons is absorbed by a chemical reaction with an absorbent or decomposed and absorbed. In any one of Claims 1-9,
A fuel gas refining facility comprising gas property adjusting means for adjusting the gas property of fuel gas. In claim 10,
The gas property adjusting means has a function of optimally adjusting at least one of temperature, pressure, and gas composition, which are gas properties, in accordance with the use of the fuel gas to be purified. . In any one of Claims 1-11,
A fuel gas refining facility, wherein the raw material gas is at least one of a raw material gas produced from biomass, a raw material gas produced from waste, a raw material gas produced from coal, and a raw material gas produced from heavy oil. In any one of Claims 1-12,
The refined fuel gas is a fuel gas for a molten carbonate fuel cell. In any one of Claims 1-12,
The refined fuel gas is a fuel gas for chemical synthesis.

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