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JP2006044954A - Porous concrete molded body using waste shell and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Porous concrete molded body using waste shell and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2006044954A
JP2006044954A JP2004223829A JP2004223829A JP2006044954A JP 2006044954 A JP2006044954 A JP 2006044954A JP 2004223829 A JP2004223829 A JP 2004223829A JP 2004223829 A JP2004223829 A JP 2004223829A JP 2006044954 A JP2006044954 A JP 2006044954A
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porous concrete
molded body
kneading
mortar
concrete molded
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JP4411159B2 (en
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Isamu O
偉 王
Naoyuki Kijimoto
直幸 木地本
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TAKAMURA KENZAI KOGYO KK
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a porous concrete molded body using waste shell that is wasted in large amounts, wherein the molded body has large continuous voids, is suitable for vegetation, and can produce a preferable environment for growing of various small animals, and it is an object to produce a porous concrete molded body using a gravity type mixer that is generally widely used in kneading. <P>SOLUTION: The method is characterized by adding a liquid that is composed of mainly water into hydraulic powder consisting of cement or gypsum, forming mortar by kneading it using a gravity type mixer, adding waste shell into the mortar, further kneading it, pouring thus obtained green composition into a mold having a desired shape, and hardening it by performing curing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、貝殻を利用したポーラスコンクリート成形体及びその製造方法に関し、特に産業廃棄物である貝殻を利用した大きな貫通空隙を有するポーラスコンクリート成形体及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a porous concrete molded body using a shell and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to a porous concrete molded body having a large through gap using a shell as industrial waste and a method for manufacturing the same.

産業廃棄物として年間100万立方メートル以上も多量に廃棄されているカキ、ホタテ、アコヤ貝等の貝殻は、一部が飼料や肥料の添加材あるいは工業用原料として利用されているものの、その絶対量は少なく、殆どが放置されたままになっているか埋め立て処分されてしまっている。このような貝殻を単純に産業廃棄物にしてしまわないで、有効利用して環境を保全させるような処分方法を実現することは切実な地域的課題である。
出願人は、先に貝殻を利用したポーラスコンクリートとその成形体及び護岸用ポーラスコンクリートブロックに関する発明について報告している(特許文献1及び特許文献2参照。)。これらの発明でのポーラスコンクリート成形体、ポーラスコンクリートブロックの空隙率は30〜60%であった。ポーラスコンクリート体が植物の生育に必要な条件を満たすのは、空隙率が21%以上になる場合であり、先の発明は一応この条件を満たすものである。しかし、植物の育成に良好な植生基盤を作るには、空隙の比率と大きさができるだけ大きいほうが望ましく、空隙は連続していて空隙径が大きいことが望ましい。また、比較的簡単に製造することができて実用化に有利なように、混錬にオムニミキサーなどの強制攪拌式のミキサーを用いず、一般に広く用いらる傾胴式ミキサーなどの重力式のミキサーを用いてポーラスコンクリートが打設できることが望ましい。
特開2004−51461号公報 特開2004−162372号公報
Shellfish such as oysters, scallops, pearl oysters, etc., which are disposed of in industrial waste as much as 1 million cubic meters per year, are partly used as feed and fertilizer additives or industrial raw materials, but their absolute amount There are few, most are left abandoned or disposed of in landfills. Realizing a disposal method that preserves the environment by effectively using such shells as industrial waste is an urgent regional issue.
The applicant has previously reported an invention relating to porous concrete using a shell, a molded body thereof, and a porous concrete block for revetment (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). The porosity of the porous concrete molded body and porous concrete block in these inventions was 30 to 60%. The porous concrete body satisfies the conditions necessary for the growth of plants when the porosity is 21% or more, and the above invention satisfies this condition for the time being. However, in order to make a good vegetation base for plant growth, it is desirable that the ratio and size of the voids be as large as possible. The voids are continuous and the void diameter is large. In addition, as it is relatively easy to manufacture and is advantageous for practical use, it does not use a forced stirring type mixer such as an omni mixer for kneading, but a gravitational type such as a tilted barrel type mixer that is generally widely used. It is desirable that porous concrete can be placed using a mixer.
JP 2004-51461 A JP 2004-162372 A

以上に述べたように、従来の貝殻を利用したポーラスコンクリート成形体は空隙率が60%止まりであり、また、その製造方法はオムニミキサーなどの強制攪拌式ミキサーによる混練に基づく場合が多かった。
本発明は、多量に廃棄されている貝殻を有効利用して、大きな連続空隙を有し、植生に適し、多くの小動物の増殖に好適な環境を作り出すことができる、ポーラスコンクリート成形体を提供すること、強制攪拌式ミキサーを用いず、一般によく用いられる重力式ミキサーを用いてポーラスコンクリート成形体を製造することを課題とするものである。
As described above, porous concrete molded bodies using conventional shells have a porosity of only 60%, and the production method is often based on kneading with a forced stirring mixer such as an omni mixer.
The present invention provides a porous concrete molded body that makes effective use of a large amount of discarded shells and has a large continuous void, is suitable for vegetation, and can create an environment suitable for the growth of many small animals. It is an object of the present invention to produce a porous concrete molded body using a generally used gravity mixer without using a forced stirring mixer.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項1の発明は、ポーラスコンクリート成形体において、水硬性粉体に水を主体とする液体を加えて混練して得たモルタルに、貝殻を有する粗骨材を加えてさらに混練した生配合物を硬化して得られ、空隙率が21%以上、好ましくは30%以上、さらに好ましくは60%〜70%であることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 of the present invention provides a coarse bone having a shell in a mortar obtained by adding and kneading a liquid mainly composed of water to a hydraulic powder in a porous concrete molded body. It is characterized by being obtained by curing a raw composition which is further kneaded with the addition of a material, and has a porosity of 21% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 60% to 70%.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項2の発明は、請求項1に記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体において、前記モルタルに前記水硬性粉体と共に砂などの細骨材を加えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the porous concrete molded body according to claim 1, fine aggregate such as sand is added to the mortar together with the hydraulic powder. To do.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項3の発明は、請求項1または請求項2に記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体において、前記貝殻表面への前記モルタルの付着強度を増強する混和材または混和剤を加えることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a third aspect of the present invention is the porous concrete molded body according to the first or second aspect, wherein the admixture or admixture enhances the adhesion strength of the mortar to the shell surface. It is characterized by adding an agent.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項4の発明は、護岸用ポーラスコンクリートブロックにおいて、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体を少なくとも一部に用いて構成することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a fourth aspect of the present invention comprises a porous concrete block for revetment using at least part of the porous concrete molded body according to any one of the first to third aspects. It is characterized by that.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項5の発明は、人工漁礁用ポーラスコンクリートブロックにおいて、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体を少なくとも一部に用いて構成することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a fifth aspect of the present invention is a porous concrete block for artificial reefs, wherein the porous concrete molded body according to any one of the first to third aspects is used at least in part. It is characterized by doing.

上記課題を達成するため、本発明の請求項6の発明は、ポーラスコンクリート成形体の製造方法において、セメントや石膏からなる水硬性粉体に水を主体とする液体を加え、重力式ミキサーを用いて第1の混練を行なってモルタルを形成するモルタル形成過程と、このモルタルに貝殻を有する粗骨材を加えて重力式ミキサーを用いて第2の混練を行なって生配合物を得る生配合物形成過程と、この生配合物を所要形状の型枠内に投入して養生を行なって硬化させ成形体を得る硬化過程とを有することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is a method for producing a porous concrete molded body, wherein a liquid mainly composed of water is added to hydraulic powder made of cement or gypsum, and a gravity mixer is used. A mortar forming process in which the first kneading is performed to form a mortar, and a raw blend obtained by adding a coarse aggregate having a shell to the mortar and performing a second kneading using a gravity mixer. It is characterized by having a forming process and a curing process in which this raw blend is put into a mold having a required shape and cured to obtain a molded body.

本発明は、以上のように構成したので、モルタルを先行して混錬する練順によって、一般に用いられることが多い重力式ミキサーを用いてもポーラスコンクリートの作成が可能になり、産業廃棄物である貝殻を有効利用して空隙率の高いポーラスコンクリート成形体を実現することができる。これにより、植物の植生を可能にするだけでなく、周辺に多くの小動物の増殖が可能な環境を作れるコンクリート製品を実用化することができ、このポーラスコンクリート成形体は護岸用ブロックや人工漁礁などに広く応用することができる。   Since the present invention is configured as described above, porous concrete can be produced even by using a gravitational mixer, which is often used, by an order of kneading mortar in advance. A porous concrete molded body having a high porosity can be realized by effectively using a certain shell. This makes it possible not only to enable plant vegetation, but also to put into practical use concrete products that can create an environment in which many small animals can grow in the surroundings.This porous concrete molded body can be used for revetment blocks, artificial reefs, etc. It can be widely applied to.

本発明は、コンクリートや石膏などの水硬性粉体に水を主体とする液体を加えて混練して得たモルタルに、貝殻を主成分とする粗骨材を加えてさらに混練して得た生配合物を硬化して、所定の空隙率を有するのポーラスコンクリート成形体を形成するものである。また、その製造方法は、重力式ミキサーを用いて、まず水硬性粉体と水を混錬してモルタルを形成し、このモルタルに貝殻を主成分とする粗骨材を加えてさらに混練を行なって得た生配合物を、所要形状の型枠内に投入し、所定期間、養生を行なって硬化させることで実現している。   The present invention relates to a mortar obtained by adding a liquid mainly composed of water to a hydraulic powder such as concrete or gypsum and kneading the mixture with a coarse aggregate mainly composed of shells. The blend is cured to form a porous concrete molded body having a predetermined porosity. In addition, the manufacturing method uses a gravity mixer to first knead the hydraulic powder and water to form a mortar, and add coarse aggregate mainly composed of shells to the mortar to further knead. The raw composition obtained in this way is put into a mold having a required shape, and is cured for a predetermined period of time.

本発明でのポーラスコンクリート成形体について確認するため、本発明の手法と従来の方法とで、実際にポーラスコンクリート成形体を作成して実験を行なった。この実験に用いた使用材料を表1に示す。   In order to confirm the porous concrete molded body of the present invention, an experiment was conducted by actually creating a porous concrete molded body by the method of the present invention and the conventional method. Table 1 shows the materials used in this experiment.

Figure 2006044954
Figure 2006044954

材料の材種は、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、混和材、混和剤からなる。セメントには普通ポルトランドセメント、細骨材には硅砂6号、粗骨材には貝殻、混和材には混和材(PM)、混和材(BU)、コンクリート用膨張材、シリカフユームなど、混和剤にはポリカルボン酸系高性能減水剤、水溶性セルロースエーテル増粘剤、ラッテクスなどを用いる。ここで混和材(PM)は、高炉スラグ85%、高性能減水剤15%からなる混和材(ポアミックス:太平洋セメント株式会社製)、混和材(BU)はシリカフユーム60%、粉末樹脂26%、その他の添加剤14%からなる混和剤(BU−55:ユカマテリアル株式会社製)である。また貝殻は加工場から廃棄されたホタテ貝殻をそのまま用いた。   The material grade consists of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, admixture, and admixture. Ordinary Portland cement for cement, cinnabar No. 6 for fine aggregates, shells for coarse aggregates, admixtures (PM), admixtures (BU), expansive materials for concrete, silica fumes, etc. Uses a polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent, a water-soluble cellulose ether thickener, latex or the like. Here, the admixture (PM) is blast furnace slag 85%, high-performance water reducing agent 15% admixture (Poremix: Taiheiyo Cement Co., Ltd.), admixture (BU) is silica fumes 60%, powder resin 26%, It is an admixture comprising 14% of other additives (BU-55: manufactured by Yuka Materials Co., Ltd.). The scallop shells discarded from the processing plant were used as they were.

ポーラスコンクリートのバインダーとしてはセメントと硅砂を混錬したモルタルを基本に、ホタテ貝殻の平滑な内面に付着しやすいように、数種類の混和材または混和剤を加えた。検討項目は空隙率、ポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度、モルタルと鉄筋の付着力、モルタル自身の圧縮強度である。
表2に、本発明でのポーラスコンクリートの調(配)合と試験結果を示す。
As a binder for porous concrete, mortar mixed with cement and cinnabar was basically used, and several kinds of admixtures or admixtures were added so as to easily adhere to the smooth inner surface of the scallop shell. Items to be examined are porosity, compressive strength of the porous concrete compact, adhesion between the mortar and the reinforcing bar, and compressive strength of the mortar itself.
Table 2 shows the adjustment (arrangement) and test results of the porous concrete according to the present invention.

Figure 2006044954
Figure 2006044954

この表では、試料番号と符号、粉体と水との重量比率(W/P)、単位体積あたりの各成分の重量(kg/m)、貝殻投入後の混錬時間を2分、3分、5分と取った後の空隙率(%)、4週間後の圧縮強度(N/mm)、モルタルの付着力(N/mm)、モルタルの圧縮強度(N/mm)、混錬に用いたミキサーの種類(OまたはK)が各試料ごとに示されている。1行目の試料番号と符号の欄で、PMは混和材として混和材(PM)を用いた場合を、BUは混和材として混和材(BU)を用いた場合を、RTは混和剤としてラッテクスを用いた場合を、MSは混和剤として減水剤を用いた場合を、SIは混和剤としてシリカフュームとコンクリート用膨張剤を1:1で添加したものを用いた場合を表している。 In this table, the sample number and code, the weight ratio of powder to water (W / P), the weight of each component per unit volume (kg / m 3 ), and the kneading time after shell injection is 2 minutes, 3 Min., Porosity after taking 5 minutes (%), compressive strength (N / mm) after 4 weeks, mortar adhesion (N / mm), mortar compressive strength (N / mm), kneading The type of mixer used (O or K) is indicated for each sample. In the column of sample number and code in the first row, PM is the case where an admixture (PM) is used as an admixture, BU is the case where an admixture (BU) is used as an admixture, and RT is a latex as an admixture. When MS is used, MS indicates a case where a water reducing agent is used as an admixture, and SI indicates a case where silica fume and a concrete expansion agent are added at a ratio of 1: 1 as an admixture.

混錬は、70リットルオムニミキサー(O)を用いた図1に示すフローによる方法と、50リットルの重力式ミキサー(K)を用いた図2に示すフローによる方法とによった。オムニミキサーによる場合は、モルタルと貝殻からなる粗骨材の付着を向上するために、最初、粗骨材と1次水を投入して粗骨材表面に水を付着させ、次に混和剤粉体とセメントを投入して粗骨材表面にモルタルを被覆形成させ、最後に混和剤を含む2次水を投入して混錬を行なっている。オムニミキサーを用いた場合、混和剤と2次水を投入後の混錬時間は30秒で充分であるが、ここでは重力式ミキサーの場合と混錬時間と空隙率の関係を比較するために、貝殻投入後の混錬時間を2分、3分、5分に取ってその場合の空隙率を示した。   The kneading was performed by the method shown in FIG. 1 using a 70 liter omni mixer (O) and the method shown in FIG. 2 using a 50 liter gravity mixer (K). In the case of using an omni mixer, in order to improve adhesion of coarse aggregate consisting of mortar and shells, first, coarse aggregate and primary water are added to attach water to the coarse aggregate surface, and then admixture powder The body and cement are added to form a mortar coating on the surface of the coarse aggregate, and finally secondary water containing an admixture is added to perform kneading. When an omni mixer is used, the mixing time after adding the admixture and secondary water is 30 seconds, but here, in order to compare the relationship between the mixing time and the porosity with the gravity mixer. The kneading time after the shell was added was taken as 2 minutes, 3 minutes and 5 minutes to show the porosity in that case.

重力式ミキサーによる場合は、オムニミキサーを用いた場合とは違って図1に示したフローに従った混錬ではセメントと水が良く混ざらないため、ペースト状にはならない。この場合は図2に示したフローに従って、モルタル先行で混錬を行い、その後に粗骨材である貝殻を投入する。重力式ミキサーによる混錬では、粗骨材投入後もモルタルとの混じりが悪いので、貝殻投入後の混錬時間を長めにとって5分を基準とし、混錬時間と空隙率の関係を比較するために、この貝殻投入後の混錬時間を2分、3分、5分に取った時点での空隙率を測定した。   In the case of using a gravity mixer, unlike the case of using an omni mixer, the kneading according to the flow shown in FIG. 1 does not mix well with cement and water, so it does not become a paste. In this case, kneading is performed in advance of mortar according to the flow shown in FIG. In order to compare the relationship between the kneading time and the porosity with a standard of 5 minutes for the longer kneading time after the shell is added, the kneading with the gravity mixer does not mix well with the mortar even after the coarse aggregate is charged. In addition, the porosity was measured when the kneading time after the shell was added was 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes.

試験用の供試体として、混錬直後のポーラスコンクリートを型枠に詰めてφ15×30cmの円柱の成形体を作成した。また、モルタルと鉄筋の付着力をテストするために、別途、φ10×20cmの円柱にφ9mmの丸筋を埋め込み、6000rpmのテーブルバイブレータにより3秒間の振動締め固めを行なったものを用いた。さらに、モルタルの圧縮強度は4×4×16cmの三連型枠を用いて行なった。   As test specimens, porous concrete immediately after kneading was packed in a mold to form a cylindrical molded body of φ15 × 30 cm. Also, in order to test the adhesion between the mortar and the reinforcing bar, a round bar of φ9 mm was separately embedded in a cylinder of φ10 × 20 cm, and the vibration was compacted for 3 seconds with a table vibrator at 6000 rpm. Furthermore, the compressive strength of the mortar was measured using a 4 × 4 × 16 cm triple mold.

次に試験結果について述べる。まず、モルタルの付着力とポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度との関係について図3に沿って説明する。
モルタルの付着力が増大すると共に、ポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度も直線的に大きくなるが、表2及び図3から明らかなように、モルタルの付着力が3N/mmを超えるとポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度は増大しなくなる。すなわち、空隙率が同等であれば、ポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度は、貝殻からなる粗骨材を結合するバインダーとしてのモルタルの付着力に左右され、モルタルの付着力が増大すると共にポーラスコンクリート成形体の圧縮強度も強くなる。しかし、貝殻からなる粗骨材の強度が低めの値であるため、モルタルの付着力が所定値を越えると、貝殻が先に割れることからポーラスコンクリート成形体全体の耐力が損なわれるものと考えられる。
したがって、貝殻の種類によってポーラスコンクリート成形体の最大強度が得られるモルタルの付着力と調配合が異なることになる。ホタテ貝殻については最適なモルタルの付着力は3N/mmである。
Next, test results will be described. First, the relationship between the adhesive force of mortar and the compressive strength of a porous concrete molded body will be described with reference to FIG.
As the adhesive strength of the mortar increases and the compressive strength of the porous concrete molded body increases linearly, as shown in Table 2 and FIG. 3, when the adhesive strength of the mortar exceeds 3 N / mm 2 , the porous concrete molding The compressive strength of the body will not increase. That is, if the porosity is the same, the compressive strength of the porous concrete molded body depends on the adhesive strength of the mortar as a binder for binding the coarse aggregate made of shells, and the adhesive strength of the mortar increases and the porous concrete molding The body's compressive strength also increases. However, since the strength of the coarse aggregate made of shells is a low value, it is considered that when the adhesive strength of the mortar exceeds the predetermined value, the shell is cracked first, so the proof strength of the entire porous concrete molded body is impaired. .
Therefore, the adhesive strength and blending of the mortar that gives the maximum strength of the porous concrete molded body differ depending on the type of shell. For scallop shells, the optimal mortar adhesion is 3 N / mm 2 .

次に混錬時間と空隙率の関連について図4に沿って説明する。比較のためにオムニミキサーによる場合もあわせて示した。図1のフローによるオムニミキサーの混錬時間はせいぜい30秒程度であるが比較のため重力式ミキサーと同程度の長時間の混錬を行って比較した。
混錬ミキサーとしてオムニミキサーを使用すると、モルタルと貝殻を主成分とする粗骨材との混合状態が良好であるが、ミキサーのせん断力が強くて、長時間混錬すると貝殻が割れて空隙率が減少する。一方、重力式ミキサーを用いた場合は、オムニミキサーの場合よりも混錬時間はかかるが、ミキサーのせん断力が弱いので、長時間混錬を行なっても貝殻が割れることがなく、空隙率があまり減少しない。
空隙率を60%以上に保つためには、オムニミキサーを使用する場合は30秒程度の短時間の混錬で、重力式ミキサーの場合は5分以下程度の混錬によることが望ましい。
Next, the relationship between the kneading time and the porosity will be described with reference to FIG. For comparison, an omni mixer was also shown. The kneading time of the omni mixer according to the flow of FIG. 1 is about 30 seconds at most, but for comparison, the kneading was carried out for a long time equivalent to that of the gravity mixer for comparison.
When an omni mixer is used as a kneading mixer, the mixing state of mortar and coarse aggregate mainly composed of shells is good, but the shearing force of the mixer is strong, and when kneading for a long time, the shells crack and the porosity is reduced. Decrease. On the other hand, when a gravitational mixer is used, it takes more time to knead than an omni mixer, but the shearing force of the mixer is weak, so even if kneading is performed for a long time, the shell does not crack and the porosity is low. Does not decrease much.
In order to keep the porosity at 60% or more, it is desirable to perform kneading in a short time of about 30 seconds when using an omni mixer, and kneading for about 5 minutes or less in the case of a gravity mixer.

通常、ポーラスコンクリートを成形する際には、生配合物を振動締固め台上で型枠に打設して振動を加えるのが普通である。本発明のポーラスコンクリートをこのような方法で成形すれば、振動締固めによって扁平な形状を有する貝殻が一定方向へ重なる現象を引き起こしやすく、コンクリート成形体全体としての空隙率が下がると共に、打設表面の貝殻が水平方向に倒れるので、表面の空隙率は一層下がることになる。
本発明ではこの点を考慮して振動締固めは行なわないで高い空隙率を確保するようにしている。高い付着力があり、一定の流動性を有するモルタルを用いると、無振動で締固めしなくても充分な強度と高い空隙率のポーラスコンクリート成形体が得られる。
ポーラスコンクリート成形体が植生にとって良好な値となるためには、少なくとも空隙率が21%以上でなくてはならず、30%以上と大きいほど好ましい。さらに、強度面を考え、一応の強度が保て、植物の根系が空隙に侵入して植物が良好に生育するためには空隙率60〜70%が最適である。
Normally, when molding porous concrete, it is common to place the raw composition on a mold on a vibration compaction table to apply vibration. When the porous concrete of the present invention is molded by such a method, the shell having a flat shape is likely to overlap in a certain direction due to vibration compaction, and the porosity of the entire concrete molded body is lowered, and the casting surface is reduced. As the shell of the shell falls down in the horizontal direction, the porosity of the surface is further lowered.
In the present invention, considering this point, a high porosity is ensured without performing vibration compaction. When a mortar having a high adhesive force and a certain fluidity is used, a porous concrete molded body having sufficient strength and high porosity can be obtained without compaction without vibration.
In order for the porous concrete molded body to have a good value for vegetation, at least the porosity must be 21% or more, and it is preferably as large as 30% or more. Furthermore, considering the strength aspect, a porosity of 60 to 70% is optimal in order to maintain a temporary strength and allow the plant root system to enter the voids and grow the plants satisfactorily.

次に本発明のポーラスコンクリート成形体を人工漁礁に用いるために試作した3例の試験体について述べる。これらの試験体は人工漁礁を構成する材料として用いることができるものである。
試験体1は、図5(a)に示すような構成の外枠11とその内側に挿入可能な内枠12とを設け、図5(b)に示すように外枠11と内枠12との間に普通コンクリート13を、内枠12に本発明のポーラスコンクリート14を同時に打設する。その後、図5(c)に示すように内枠12を抜き取って、若干の振動を加えて、普通コンクリート13とポーラスコンクリート14とを一体化させる。出来上がりの全体形状は2950×1100×200mmである。
試験体2は、図6に示すように、この試験体1のポーラスコンクリート14の中央部分に幅150、長さ650程度の楕円形の窓を貫通させたものである。
試験体3は、立方体に形成したポーラスコンクリート成形体で、工場で作成した後、現場に運んで現場で作成している普通コンクリートの魚礁枠に埋め込んで使用する。全体形状は300×300×300mmである。
Next, three examples of the test specimens that were produced in order to use the porous concrete molded body of the present invention for artificial reef will be described. These specimens can be used as a material constituting an artificial reef.
The test body 1 is provided with an outer frame 11 configured as shown in FIG. 5A and an inner frame 12 that can be inserted inside the outer frame 11, and as shown in FIG. 5B, the outer frame 11 and the inner frame 12 The ordinary concrete 13 and the porous concrete 14 of the present invention are simultaneously placed on the inner frame 12. Then, as shown in FIG.5 (c), the inner frame 12 is extracted, a slight vibration is added, and the normal concrete 13 and the porous concrete 14 are integrated. The overall shape of the finished product is 2950 × 1100 × 200 mm.
As shown in FIG. 6, the test body 2 is obtained by passing an elliptical window having a width of about 150 and a length of about 650 through the central portion of the porous concrete 14 of the test body 1.
The test body 3 is a porous concrete molded body formed into a cube, which is prepared at a factory, and then transported to the site and embedded in a normal concrete reef frame created at the site. The overall shape is 300 × 300 × 300 mm.

試験体1によると、普通コンクリート13と本発明のポーラスコンクリート14とを同時に打設し、ポーラスコンクリート14の周辺に普通コンクリート13を充填して一体化でき、普通コンクリート13に強度を持たせ、ポーラスコンクリート14に空隙性能を持たせるような複合コンクリート製品が実現できる。しかし、製品自体の重量が重くなるので搬送コストがかかるという問題がある。
試験体2は、中央に窓を設けた構成にしているため、人工漁礁を形成した際にこの部分を通して潮通りがよくなり、そのため、海藻類の付着や小動物の発生がより多くなることが見込める。
試験体1及び試験体2は、工場で製作した後、人工漁礁の設置現場に積み上げたり、コンクリート性の人工漁礁枠に固定したりして用いる。
また、試験体3は、重量が軽く、この程度の大きさであれば単体で運送中に破壊することもないので、現場で普通コンクリートの枠体と一体化して用いるには好適である。
According to the test body 1, the ordinary concrete 13 and the porous concrete 14 of the present invention can be placed at the same time, and the ordinary concrete 13 can be filled and integrated around the porous concrete 14. It is possible to realize a composite concrete product that gives the concrete 14 void performance. However, since the weight of the product itself is increased, there is a problem that the transportation cost is increased.
Since the test body 2 has a structure in which a window is provided in the center, when the artificial reef is formed, the tide is improved through this portion, and therefore, the adhesion of seaweeds and the occurrence of small animals can be expected to increase. .
After the test body 1 and the test body 2 are manufactured at a factory, they are stacked on an artificial reef installation site or fixed to a concrete artificial reef frame.
In addition, the test body 3 is light in weight, and if it is of such a size, it is not broken during transportation as a single unit, so that it is suitable for use on the spot and integrated with a frame of ordinary concrete.

試験体1及び試験体2のような構成は、護岸用のポーラスコンクリートブロックとしても用いることができる。普通コンクリート部分の下部にブロックを打ち込める突起部や固定具を設けて、このブロックを土壌や堤防、川床に敷き詰めることによって、透水性が高く、植物の植生が可能で、充分な護岸強度が得られる護岸用ポーラスコンクリートブロックが得られる。   The structure like the test body 1 and the test body 2 can also be used as a porous concrete block for revetment. Protruding parts and fixtures that allow the block to be driven into the lower part of the ordinary concrete part, and laying this block on the soil, embankment, or riverbed are highly permeable, enable plant vegetation, and provide sufficient revetment strength. A porous concrete block for revetment is obtained.

以上に述べたように、本発明のポーラスコンクリート成形体は貝殻を粗骨材に用いて60%を超える空隙率を得ることができる。重力式のミキサーを用いれば、混錬中に貝殻が割れることがない。ポーラスコンクリート成形体の強度はバインダーとなるモルタルの付着強度に比例するが、60%以上の空隙率を有するものの圧縮強度は多くても0.5N/mmを超えない。したがって、普通コンクリートと同時に打設して、普通コンクリートに強度を持たせたり、現場で普通コンクリートと組み合わせて一体化するなどの方法で強度の問題を解決することができる。 As described above, the porous concrete molded body of the present invention can obtain a porosity of more than 60% by using a shell as a coarse aggregate. If a gravity mixer is used, the shell will not break during kneading. The strength of the porous concrete molded body is proportional to the adhesion strength of the mortar serving as a binder, but the compressive strength of the porous concrete molded body having a porosity of 60% or more does not exceed 0.5 N / mm 2 at most. Therefore, it is possible to solve the strength problem by a method such as placing the concrete at the same time and giving the ordinary concrete strength, or combining it with ordinary concrete on site.

以上のように、本発明によって貝殻を粗骨材に用いて空隙率の高いポーラスコンクリート成形体を得ることができるので、護岸用ポーラスコンクリートブロックや人工漁礁用のポーラスコンクリートブロックとして、緑化に用いられる場合は従来植栽できなかったような植物を生やすことができ、人工漁礁に用いる場合は藻類の付着や微生物、小動物の発生を助け、魚類に餌場や棲家を提供することができるので、この方面での産業上の利用の可能性が高い。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a porous concrete molded body having a high porosity by using a shell as a coarse aggregate, so that it is used for greening as a porous concrete block for revetment or a porous concrete block for artificial reefs. In this case, you can grow plants that could not be planted in the past, and when used for artificial fishing reefs, it helps algae adherence, generation of microorganisms and small animals, and provides fish and feeding grounds. There is a high possibility of industrial use in the direction.

オムニミキサーを用いた場合の混錬のフローを示す図。The figure which shows the flow of kneading | mixing at the time of using an omni mixer. 重力式ミキサーを用いた場合の混錬のフローを示す図。The figure which shows the flow of kneading | mixing at the time of using a gravity type mixer. ポーラスコンクリートの強度とモルタルの付着強度との関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between the intensity | strength of porous concrete, and the adhesion strength of mortar. 混錬時間と空隙率との関係を示す図。The figure which shows the relationship between kneading | mixing time and porosity. 普通コンクリートとポーラスコンクリートとの一体型ブロックの成形方法を示す図。The figure which shows the shaping | molding method of the integrated block of normal concrete and porous concrete. 普通コンクリートとポーラスコンクリートとの一体型ブロックの他の実施の形態の外観斜視図。The external appearance perspective view of other embodiment of the integrated block of normal concrete and porous concrete.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11 外枠
12 内枠
13 普通コンクリート
14 ポーラスコンクリート
11 Outer frame 12 Inner frame 13 Normal concrete 14 Porous concrete

Claims (6)

水硬性粉体に水を主体とする液体を加えて混練して得たモルタルに、貝殻を有する粗骨材を加えてさらに混練した生配合物を硬化して得られ、空隙率が21%以上、好ましくは30%以上、さらに好ましくは60%〜70%であることを特徴とするポーラスコンクリート成形体。 A mortar obtained by adding a liquid containing water as a main component to a hydraulic powder and kneading a raw mixture obtained by adding a coarse aggregate having shells and further kneading, and having a porosity of 21% or more The porous concrete molded body is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 60% to 70%. 前記モルタルに前記水硬性粉体と共に砂などの細骨材を加えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体。 2. The porous concrete molded body according to claim 1, wherein fine aggregate such as sand is added to the mortar together with the hydraulic powder. 前記貝殻表面への前記モルタルの付着強度を増強する混和材または混和剤を加えることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体。 The porous concrete molded body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an admixture or an admixture that enhances the adhesion strength of the mortar to the shell surface is added. 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体を少なくとも一部に用いて構成することを特徴とする護岸用ポーラスコンクリートブロック。 A porous concrete block for revetment comprising at least part of the porous concrete molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載のポーラスコンクリート成形体を少なくとも一部に用いて構成することを特徴とする人工漁礁用ポーラスコンクリートブロック。 A porous concrete block for artificial reef, comprising at least part of the porous concrete molded body according to any one of claims 1 to 3. セメントや石膏からなる水硬性粉体に水を主体とする液体を加え、混錬手段として重力式ミキサーを用いて第1の混練を行なってモルタルを形成する第1の混練過程と、このモルタルに貝殻を有する粗骨材を加えて前記重力式ミキサーを用いて第2の混練を行なって生配合物を得る第2の混練過程と、この生配合物を所要形状の型枠内に投入して養生を行なって硬化させ成形体を得る硬化過程とを有することを特徴とするポーラスコンクリート成形体の製造方法。 A first kneading process of forming a mortar by adding a liquid mainly composed of water to a hydraulic powder made of cement or gypsum and performing a first kneading using a gravity mixer as a kneading means; A second kneading process in which coarse aggregate having shells is added and second kneading is performed using the gravity mixer to obtain a raw compound, and this raw compound is put into a mold having a required shape. A method for producing a porous concrete molded body, comprising: a curing process for curing and curing to obtain a molded body.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010126389A (en) * 2008-11-27 2010-06-10 Nichias Corp Inorganic hollow body composition and method of manufacturing the same
JP2012091453A (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-17 Taisei Corp Mold form for manufacturing porous concrete, method for manufacturing porous concrete, and method for manufacturing concrete member including porous region
CN104496340A (en) * 2014-11-07 2015-04-08 浙江大学 Concrete brick taking shell-animal shells as coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010126389A (en) * 2008-11-27 2010-06-10 Nichias Corp Inorganic hollow body composition and method of manufacturing the same
JP2012091453A (en) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-17 Taisei Corp Mold form for manufacturing porous concrete, method for manufacturing porous concrete, and method for manufacturing concrete member including porous region
CN104496340A (en) * 2014-11-07 2015-04-08 浙江大学 Concrete brick taking shell-animal shells as coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof
CN104496340B (en) * 2014-11-07 2016-09-28 浙江大学 A kind of concrete brick body with shellfish housing as coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof

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