JP2005120937A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the supercharging performance of a supercharger, and arrange the supercharger compactly. <P>SOLUTION: The exhaust gas exhausted from one of exhaust ports flows into an exhaust manifold 1 having a plurality of inlets to communicate with each exhaust port of a plurality of cylinders and one exhaust port to exhaust the exhaust gas from each inlet, while exhaust passage port 13a, independent of an exhaust passage of the exhaust gas from the inlet into the exhaust port, is formed integrally with the exhaust manifold 1. The superchargers 2, 3 are arranged respectively at the upstream side and the downstream side for the flow of the exhaust gas in the exhaust passage port 13a. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine in which a plurality of superchargers are provided in series on an exhaust passage.

  Conventionally, in an internal combustion engine, there is a technique in which a supercharger is disposed on an exhaust passage in order to improve the charging efficiency on the intake side, and the charging is performed by providing two superchargers in series on the exhaust passage. There are internal combustion engines that further improve efficiency. For example, an internal combustion engine provided with this type of serial two-stage supercharging system is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-280142. In the internal combustion engine disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-280142, a high pressure stage first supercharger is disposed upstream of an exhaust passage from an exhaust manifold, and further downstream of the first supercharger. The second supercharger in the low pressure stage is arranged.

JP 2001-280142 A

  However, in the conventional series two-stage supercharging system, there is a concern that the supercharging performance may be lowered depending on the location of the respective superchargers. More specifically, first, when the supercharger (especially the second-stage supercharger on the downstream side) is arranged at a position away from the exhaust manifold, the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas is cooled before entering the turbine. This may lead to a decrease in supercharging performance. Next, depending on the location of each turbocharger, the path of the exhaust pipe communicating between the turbines of each supercharger becomes complicated and long, and the exhaust gas flowing into the second stage supercharger is exhausted from the exhaust pipe. There is a possibility that the supercharging performance may be deteriorated due to cooling while flowing through.

  In general, the supercharger is mounted on the internal combustion engine not only when starting up a new model vehicle but also when improving the vehicle (so-called minor change). Here, when the new model vehicle is started up, there is a difference in the supercharger mounting space between the large vehicle and the small vehicle, but there is a certain degree of freedom in the location of the supercharger and its exhaust pipe. On the other hand, at the time of improvement, since the location of the peripheral parts of the internal combustion engine has already been determined, it is difficult to add a supercharger if there is no empty space on the existing exhaust passage. In addition, even when a new model is launched, a variety of parts such as a control unit are arranged in the engine compartment of recent vehicles. It is hard to say that a suitable location of the machine and its exhaust pipe is surely obtained. In particular, the above is noticeable when a plurality of superchargers must be installed.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine that can improve the disadvantages of the conventional example and can be equipped with a plurality of superchargers without deteriorating the supercharging performance. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine capable of mounting a plurality of superchargers in a compact manner without being affected by the time of vehicle development such as when a new model vehicle is started up or when a vehicle is improved. And

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, exhaust gas discharged from each exhaust port of a plurality of cylinders is introduced from a plurality of introduction ports, and the exhaust gas introduced from each of these introduction ports is collected. In an internal combustion engine comprising: an exhaust manifold that discharges from one exhaust port; and at least two superchargers that are driven by exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold, the exhaust manifold is integrated with the exhaust manifold. The exhaust gas discharged from the outlet flows, and an exhaust passage hole formed independently of the exhaust passage from the introduction port to the discharge port is formed, and the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust passage hole Each said supercharger is each arrange | positioned downstream.

  In order to achieve the above object, according to a second aspect of the present invention, in the internal combustion engine according to the first aspect, a flange for fixing the supercharger is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust passage through the exhaust gas flow. Yes.

  According to the internal combustion engine of the present invention, the supercharger can be disposed close to the exhaust manifold. For this reason, the internal combustion engine according to the present invention can supply the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold to the supercharger while being kept at a high temperature by the heat from the exhaust manifold. The supercharging performance can be improved.

  Further, since the internal combustion engine according to the present invention can be arranged in the exhaust manifold with the supercharger in a compact manner, it can prevent interference with the vehicle body or other parts after assembling to the vehicle body, Furthermore, the assembly workability to the vehicle body equivalent to an internal combustion engine not equipped with a supercharger can be ensured. For this reason, regardless of whether the new model is being developed or improved, it will be possible to install a turbocharger at any time of development.

  The internal combustion engine according to the present invention is provided with a through hole (exhaust passage hole) which is an exhaust gas flow path independent of the exhaust gas passage in the exhaust manifold 1, and supercharges the upstream side and the downstream side of the through hole, respectively. The machine is arranged. Embodiments of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

  A first embodiment of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the internal combustion engine according to the present invention has a plurality of turbochargers arranged in series on the exhaust passage. In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the exhaust passage from the exhaust manifold 1 is used. An internal combustion engine including two superchargers in which a high pressure stage first supercharger 2 and a low pressure stage second supercharger 3 are arranged in this order from the upstream side of FIG. In the serial two-stage supercharging system of the first embodiment, the air compressed by the second supercharger 3 in the low pressure stage is further compressed by the first supercharger 2 in the high pressure stage to the intake manifold side. To send.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the internal combustion engine of the first embodiment has a plurality of exhaust pipes (in series 4 in this embodiment 1) for introducing exhaust gas discharged from respective exhaust ports communicating with a plurality of cylinders. An exhaust manifold 1 having four exhaust pipes (11) corresponding to four cylinders of a cylinder engine and an exhaust pipe collecting portion 12 for collecting exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe 11 is provided.

  Here, each of the exhaust pipes 11 is formed with an inlet for introducing exhaust gas discharged from the corresponding cylinder, and the collected exhaust gas is discharged downstream in the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12. A discharge port is formed. In the first embodiment, the exhaust port opened downward of the internal combustion engine is illustrated, but the exhaust port is not necessarily limited to that opened in that direction.

  In the first embodiment, the first and second superchargers 2 and 3 are fixed to the exhaust manifold 1 as described above. Below, the fixing structure of the 1st and 2nd superchargers 2 and 3 is explained in full detail.

  First, a first supercharger fixing flange 12a for fixing the high pressure stage first supercharger 2 is formed at the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12 of the first embodiment.

  Here, in the first embodiment, the shape of the discharge port is formed in accordance with the shape of the exhaust gas introduction port of the turbine housing 21 in the first supercharger 2. Further, the shape of the first supercharger fixing flange 12a is formed in accordance with the shape of the attachment portion 21a on the exhaust gas introduction side in the turbine housing 21, but conversely, the shape of the first supercharger fixing flange 12a. The attachment portion 21a of the first supercharger 2 may be formed according to the above.

The first supercharger 2 is arranged on the first supercharger fixing flange 12a via a gasket so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crankshaft), It is fixed with bolts and nuts. For example, here, as shown in FIG. 1, the stud bolt B provided on the mounting portion 21a of the turbine housing 21 is inserted through the through hole 12a1 shown in FIG. 2 of the _first supercharger fixing flange 12a via a gasket. Tighten with nut N.

  For convenience, FIG. 1 shows only two fixing points by the stud bolt B and the nut N, but there are other fixing points. The same applies to the fixing points of the second supercharger 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 described later.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the first supercharger 2 is arranged so that the rotation shaft thereof is substantially parallel to the engine rotation shaft. The eccentricity can be suppressed, and the failure of the first supercharger 2 can be avoided. For this reason, it is preferable to arrange the supercharger so that the rotating shaft and the engine rotating shaft are substantially parallel to each other. The same applies to the second supercharger 3 described later.

  If the first turbocharger 2 is attached to cause a reduction in the strength of the exhaust manifold 1 due to vibrations of the internal combustion engine or the like, it is attached to the cylinder head, cylinder block, etc. via a bracket (not shown). It is preferable to fix the first supercharger 2. In this case, since the first supercharger 2 is already fixed to the exhaust manifold 1, the number of fixing points by a bracket or the like can be reduced. As a result, the number of parts can be reduced and the number of man-hours for installing the first supercharger 2 can be reduced, so that a cost reduction effect can be achieved.

  A pipe (not shown) for introducing the air compressed by the second supercharger 3 is attached to the air introduction side of the compressor housing 22 of the first supercharger 2. A pipe (not shown) for sending the air compressed by the first supercharger 2 to the intake manifold side is attached to the air discharge side of 22 via an intercooler or the like.

  By attaching the first supercharger 2 to the exhaust manifold 1 in this manner, the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas introduced from the exhaust port of the exhaust manifold 1 does not decrease in temperature, and the turbine of the first supercharger 2 Thus, the air compressed by the second supercharger 3 can be further compressed by a coaxial compressor and sent to the intake manifold side via an intercooler or the like.

  Here, the exhaust gas discharged from the first supercharger 2 is supplied to the second supercharger 3 in the mounting portion 21b on the exhaust gas discharge side in the turbine housing 21 of the first supercharger 2. An exhaust pipe 4 to be described later for introduction is attached with a bolt and a nut via a gasket. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the stud bolt B provided in the exhaust gas discharge side mounting portion 21b of the turbine housing 21 is provided in the exhaust gas introduction side mounting portion 4a of the exhaust pipe 4 via a gasket. Insert through a through hole (not shown) and tighten with nut N.

Next, in the exhaust manifold 1 of the first embodiment, an extending portion 13 shown in FIG. 2 for fixing the second supercharger 3 in the low pressure stage is formed. Here, the extending portion 13 is formed integrally with the exhaust manifold 1.

  The extending portion 13 is formed with a through hole (exhaust passage hole) 13a shown in FIG. 2 that is penetrated in the vertical direction of the internal combustion engine independently of the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold 1. The exhaust gas discharged from the first supercharger 2 is introduced into the second supercharger 3. That is, the through hole (exhaust passage hole) 13a is formed as a single member with the exhaust manifold 1.

  First, a second supercharger fixing flange 13b for fixing the second supercharger 3 is provided at the upper end of the through hole 13a.

  Here, in the first embodiment, the shape of the second supercharger fixing flange 13b is formed in accordance with the shape of the attachment portion 31a on the exhaust gas introduction side in the turbine housing 31 of the second supercharger 3. However, conversely, the attachment portion 31a of the second supercharger 3 may be formed in accordance with the shape of the second supercharger fixing flange 13b.

The second supercharger 3 is mounted on such a second supercharger fixing flange 13b via a gasket so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crankshaft). And fixed with bolts and nuts. For example, here, as shown in FIG. 1, the stud bolt B provided in the attachment portion 31a of the turbine housing 31 is inserted into the through hole 13b ₁ shown in FIG. 2 provided in the second supercharger fixing flange 13b via a gasket. Insert and tighten with nut N.

  A pipe (not shown) for introducing the air sent from the air cleaner side is attached to the air introduction side of the compressor housing 32 of the second supercharger 3. On the discharge side, a pipe (not shown) for sending air compressed by the second supercharger 3 to the first supercharger 2 side is attached. The intercooler may be provided not only downstream of the first supercharger 2 but also between the second supercharger 3 and the first supercharger 2. For this reason, the piping on the air discharge side in such a case is attached via an intercooler or the like.

  Next, an exhaust pipe fixing flange 13c for fixing the exhaust pipe 4 is provided at the lower end of the through hole 13a.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the first supercharger 2 of the first embodiment discharges exhaust gas toward the left side of the vehicle, and the second supercharger 3 exhausts exhaust gas from below the internal combustion engine. Are arranged to introduce. For this reason, as the exhaust pipe 4 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG.

  The shape of the exhaust pipe 4 is not limited to the above-described substantially L shape. However, it is preferable that the shape of the exhaust pipe 4 that connects the first supercharger 2 and the second supercharger 3 is an exhaust path that is as short as possible within a range that does not impair the mounting workability of the exhaust manifold 1 and the like. . As a result, the temperature drop of the exhaust gas while flowing through the exhaust pipe 4 can be suppressed, and the loss of exhaust energy until it reaches the second supercharger 3 can be minimized. It is possible to improve the supercharging performance by effectively using energy and further improve the fuel consumption.

The exhaust pipe 4 formed as described above is attached to the first supercharger 2 as described above, and is further attached to the exhaust pipe fixing flange 13c with a bolt and a nut via a gasket. For example, here, as shown in FIG. 1, the stud bolt B provided on the exhaust pipe fixing flange 13c is inserted into a through hole (not shown) provided in the attachment portion 4b on the exhaust gas discharge side of the exhaust pipe 4 via a gasket. Insert and tighten with nut N.

  In the first embodiment, the opening shape (substantially rectangular) on the exhaust gas introduction side of the second supercharger 3 is different from the opening shape (substantially circular) on the exhaust gas discharge side of the exhaust pipe 4. ing. Therefore, the opening shape shown in FIG. 2 of the through hole 13a on the second supercharger fixing flange 13b side and the opening shape shown in FIG. 3 of the through hole 13a on the exhaust pipe fixing flange 13c side are also the opening shapes of the respective attachment objects. Together, they are formed in different shapes. Therefore, the through hole 13a of the first embodiment has a shape that is gradually changed so that the wall surface is smoothly connected between the second supercharger fixing flange 13b side and the exhaust pipe fixing flange 13c side.

  Here, as described above, the extending portion 13 fixes not only the second supercharger 3 but also the exhaust pipe 4 as described above, so that a problem such as breakage from the root due to rotational vibration of the internal combustion engine occurs. It is necessary not to. Therefore, the extending portion 13 of the first embodiment extends from the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12 having strength in the exhaust manifold 1. In addition, what is necessary is just to define the thickness etc. of the extension part 13 in the strength suitable considering the weight of the 2nd supercharger 3 etc. which are fixed.

  Further, in order to secure the strength of the extending portion 13 and the exhaust manifold 1, the second supercharger 3 may be fixed to the cylinder head or the like via a bracket (not shown) or the like. In this case, since the second supercharger 3 is already fixed to the exhaust manifold 1, the number of fixing points by brackets or the like can be reduced. As a result, the number of parts can be reduced and the number of man-hours for mounting the second supercharger 3 can be reduced, so that a cost reduction effect can be achieved.

  By attaching the second supercharger 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 to the extended portion 13 of the exhaust manifold 1 as described above, the exhaust gas discharged from the first supercharger 2 passes through the exhaust pipe 4. The turbocharger 3 is introduced into the second supercharger 3, thereby rotating the turbine of the second supercharger 3, and compressing the air flowing in from the air cleaner side with a coaxial compressor. It can be sent to the machine 2.

  Here, in order to prevent the occurrence of defects such as scratches and breakdowns, the internal combustion engine can be moved to the vehicle body without interfering the first and second superchargers 2 and 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 with the vehicle body and peripheral parts. It is necessary to assemble. In order to prevent such interference, it is preferable to reduce the projected area when the internal combustion engine is viewed from above. For this reason, it is necessary to dispose the turbochargers 2 and 3 as close to the exhaust manifold 1 as possible. is there.

  Further, in order to suppress the deterioration of the supercharging performance, it is preferable to flow the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 1 to each of the superchargers 2 and 3 while maintaining a high temperature. 2, 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 need to be arranged as close as possible to the exhaust manifold 1 in a place where the ambient temperature is high.

  Therefore, in the first embodiment, in consideration of the assembly workability and the supercharging performance of the internal combustion engine described above, a position close to the exhaust manifold 1, for example, the entire exhaust manifold 1 viewed from above is surrounded. The extending portion 13 is provided within the rectangular extending portion installation region R shown in FIG. Here, since the exhaust manifold 1 of the first embodiment has empty spaces on both sides of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12, as shown in FIG. 4, the extending portion 13 is connected to the left side of the vehicle from the side surface of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12. (Here, it is assumed that the vehicle is mounted with the internal combustion engine horizontally and used as a rear exhaust.) It extends toward the empty space.

4 illustrates a rectangular extension portion installation region R having a minimum area surrounding the entire exhaust manifold 1, the extension portion installation region R is not necessarily limited thereto. The area may be larger than the rectangular extension part installation area R, or may be another shape such as a circle or an ellipse. Further, in order to obtain the assembly workability and supercharging performance of the internal combustion engine more effectively, the first and second superchargers 2 and 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 are also within the range of the extending portion installation region R. It is preferable to fit in.

  As a result, the second supercharger 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 can be disposed close to the exhaust manifold 1, and the first supercharger 2 is directly attached to the exhaust pipe collecting portion 12 as described above. Therefore, the first and second superchargers 2, 3 and the like can be arranged in a compact manner with respect to the exhaust manifold 1. For this reason, even in an internal combustion engine equipped with a supercharger, it is possible to ensure assembling workability to a vehicle that is substantially equivalent to an internal combustion engine not equipped with a supercharger.

  Here, the arrangement in which the first and second superchargers 2, 3 and the like are combined in a compact manner is particularly suitable for adding a supercharger when the vehicle is improved. That is, when the internal combustion engine is assembled to the vehicle body, the arrangement and shape of auxiliary equipment and exhaust pipes are determined so that a predetermined gap is formed between the internal combustion engine and its peripheral parts and the vehicle body in the assembly locus. In recent vehicles, various parts are arranged in the engine compartment, so that there is not much room in the gap. Under such circumstances, when adding a turbocharger, it is necessary to secure a clearance with peripheral parts after assembling the internal combustion engine while securing the clearance, so conventionally the turbocharging performance must be sacrificed somewhat. In some cases, a supercharger or the like has to be arranged at a position where it cannot be obtained (position away from the exhaust manifold 1). However, in the first embodiment, the first and second superchargers 2, 3, etc. are arranged in a compact manner with respect to the exhaust manifold 1, and the vehicle body is not dependent on the presence or absence of the supercharger. Since the clearance at the time of the assembly work and the clearance after the assembly can be secured, it becomes useful when adding a supercharger at the time of improvement.

  Further, since the first and second superchargers 2 and 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 are arranged close to the exhaust manifold 1, the high temperature and high pressure discharged from the exhaust manifold 1 until reaching the second supercharger 3. The temperature drop of the exhaust gas can be suppressed. In particular, since the wall surface temperature of the exhaust pipe 4 is kept high by the heat from the exhaust manifold 1, the exhaust gas can be caused to flow into the second supercharger 3 while maintaining the high temperature. The exhaust energy flowing into the machine 3 can be used effectively. Thereby, the supercharging performance can be improved, and further, the fuel consumption can be improved.

  As described above, according to the internal combustion engine of the first embodiment, the first and second superchargers 2, 3, the exhaust pipe 4, etc. can be compactly arranged in the exhaust manifold 1. Interference with the vehicle body or the like when the internal combustion engine is assembled to the vehicle body can be prevented regardless of the time, and the assembly workability can be improved. Further, the temperature drop of the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 1 can be suppressed, and the supercharging performance can be improved.

  In addition, in the present Example 1, although illustrated as what supercharges by both the 1st and 2nd superchargers 2 and 3, for example, the 1st and 2nd superchargers 2 and 3 A bypass valve or pipe may be provided between the two, and supercharging may be performed using only one supercharger.

  Next, a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The internal combustion engine according to the second embodiment is different from the above-described internal combustion engine according to the first embodiment in the setting position of the extending portion 113 of the exhaust manifold 101 as compared with the exhaust manifold 1 according to the first embodiment. That is, the exhaust manifold 101 according to the second embodiment is implemented in that exhaust gas is discharged downward from the internal combustion engine from the exhaust port provided in the first supercharger fixing flange 112a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 112. As in Example 1, as shown in FIG. The first embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it is extended toward an empty space.

  Here, similarly to the first embodiment, the extending portion 113 is formed with a vertical through-hole (not shown) of the internal combustion engine that is independent from the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold 101 and is formed at the upper end thereof. Is provided with a second supercharger fixing flange 113b for fixing the second supercharger 103 in the low pressure stage, and an exhaust pipe fixing flange 113c for fixing the exhaust pipe 104 at the lower end thereof.

  For this reason, the second supercharger fixing flange 113b is provided with a second supercharger 103 through a gasket so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crankshaft). These are fixed, for example, by fastening a stud bolt B provided on a mounting portion 131 a of the turbine housing 131 with a nut N. The exhaust pipe 104 is attached to the exhaust pipe fixing flange 113c using stud bolts B and nuts N.

  Further, the extending portion 113 is formed close to the exhaust manifold 101 as in the case of the first embodiment in order to improve the assembly workability and the supercharging performance of the internal combustion engine.

  In the second embodiment as well, the first supercharger 102 in the high pressure stage has the turbine housing 121 so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crank shaft). The attachment portion 121a on the exhaust gas introduction side is fixed to the first supercharger fixing flange 112a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 112 via a gasket, and the attachment portion 121b on the exhaust gas discharge side in the turbine housing 121 is fixed to the exhaust pipe 104. Secure through.

  According to the internal combustion engine of the second embodiment shown above, the first and second superchargers 102, 103, the exhaust pipe 104, and the like are arranged in a compact manner in the exhaust manifold 101 as in the first embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent interference with the vehicle body or the like when the internal combustion engine is assembled to the vehicle body regardless of the vehicle development period, and to improve the assembly workability. Further, the temperature drop of the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 101 can be suppressed, and the supercharging performance can be improved.

  Next, a third embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The internal combustion engine of the third embodiment differs from the internal combustion engine of the first embodiment described above in the direction of the exhaust port of the exhaust manifold 201 compared to the exhaust manifold 1 of the first embodiment. That is, the exhaust manifold 201 of the second embodiment is assumed to be a vehicle in which the extending portion 213 is disposed on the left side of the vehicle from the side surface of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 212 (here, the vehicle is mounted with the internal combustion engine in a horizontal position and is exhausted rearward. 6) is the same as that of the first embodiment in that it extends toward the empty space, but is provided on the first supercharger fixing flange 212a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 212 as shown in FIG. The difference from the first embodiment is that the discharge port is opened upward of the internal combustion engine.

  Here, in the first supercharger fixing flange 212a, the rotation shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel of the first supercharger 202 in the high pressure stage is substantially parallel to the engine rotation shaft (crankshaft). An attachment portion 221a on the exhaust gas introduction side of the turbine housing 221 is disposed via a gasket, and is fastened with a stud bolt B and a nut N provided on the attachment portion 221a, for example. Further, an exhaust pipe 204 is attached to the attachment portion 221 b on the exhaust gas discharge side of the turbine housing 221 using a stud bolt B and a nut N.

  In the third embodiment as well, similarly to the first embodiment, the extending portion 213 is formed with a vertical through-hole (not shown) of the internal combustion engine independent of the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold 201. The lower end thereof is provided with a second supercharger fixing flange 213b for fixing the second supercharger 203 in the low pressure stage, and the upper end thereof is provided with an exhaust pipe fixing flange 213c for fixing the exhaust pipe 204. It has been.

  For this reason, the second supercharger fixing flange 213b is provided with a second supercharger 203 through a gasket so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crankshaft). These are fixed, for example, by tightening a stud bolt B provided on a mounting portion 231 a of the turbine housing 231 with a nut N. An exhaust pipe 204 is attached to the exhaust pipe fixing flange 213c using stud bolts B and nuts N.

  Further, the extended portion 213 is formed close to the exhaust manifold 201 as in the case of the first embodiment in order to improve the assembly workability and the supercharging performance of the internal combustion engine.

  According to the internal combustion engine of the second embodiment described above, the first and second superchargers 202, 203, the exhaust pipe 204, and the like are arranged in a compact manner in the exhaust manifold 201 as in the first embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent interference with the vehicle body or the like when the internal combustion engine is assembled to the vehicle body regardless of the vehicle development period, and to improve the assembly workability. Further, the temperature drop of the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 201 can be suppressed, and the supercharging performance can be improved.

  Next, a fourth embodiment of the internal combustion engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The internal combustion engine according to the fourth embodiment is different from the internal combustion engine according to the third embodiment described above in the setting position of the extending portion 313 of the exhaust manifold 301 as compared with the exhaust manifold 201 according to the third embodiment. That is, the exhaust manifold 301 of the fourth embodiment is implemented in that exhaust gas is discharged upward from the internal combustion engine from the discharge port provided in the first supercharger fixing flange 312a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 312. As in Example 3, but as shown in FIG. 7, the extended portion 313 is placed on the right side of the vehicle from the side surface of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 312 (in this case, a vehicle that has an internal combustion engine mounted horizontally and is exhausted rearward). This is different from the third embodiment in that it is extended toward the empty space.

  Here, similarly to the third embodiment, the extending portion 313 is formed with a vertical through-hole (not shown) of the internal combustion engine that is independent from the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold 301 and is formed at the lower end thereof. Is provided with a second supercharger fixing flange 313b for fixing the second supercharger 303 in the low pressure stage, and an exhaust pipe fixing flange 313c for fixing the exhaust pipe 304 at the upper end thereof.

  For this reason, the second supercharger fixing flange 313b is provided with a second supercharger 303 via a gasket so that the rotating shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotating shaft (crankshaft). These are fixed, for example, by fastening a stud bolt B provided on a mounting portion 331 a of the turbine housing 331 with a nut N. An exhaust pipe 304 is attached to the exhaust pipe fixing flange 313c using stud bolts B and nuts N.

  Further, the extending portion 313 is formed close to the exhaust manifold 301 in the same manner as in the third embodiment in order to improve the assembly workability and the supercharging performance of the internal combustion engine.

  In the fourth embodiment as well, the first supercharger 302 in the high-pressure stage includes the turbine housing 321 so that the rotation shaft connecting the turbine rotor and the compressor wheel is substantially parallel to the engine rotation shaft (crank shaft). The attachment portion 321a on the exhaust gas introduction side is fixed to the first supercharger fixing flange 312a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 312 via a gasket, and the attachment portion 321b on the exhaust gas discharge side in the turbine housing 321 is fixed to the exhaust pipe 304. Secure through.

  According to the internal combustion engine of the fourth embodiment shown above, the first and second superchargers 302, 303, the exhaust pipe 304, and the like are arranged in a compact manner in the exhaust manifold 301 as in the third embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to prevent interference with the vehicle body or the like when the internal combustion engine is assembled to the vehicle body regardless of the vehicle development period, and to improve the assembling workability. Further, the temperature drop of the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 301 can be suppressed, and the supercharging performance can be improved.

  In each of the first to fourth embodiments described above, the exhaust manifolds 1, 101, 201, 301 are provided so as to extend in the longitudinal direction, and the exhaust gas from the first superchargers 2, 102, 202, 302 is supplied to the first. The extension portions 13, 113, 213, and 313 in which through holes for introduction into the second superchargers 3, 103, 203, and 303 are formed in the vertical direction of the internal combustion engine are illustrated. It is not necessarily limited to such an embodiment. For example, in the fifth embodiment, an example of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention having an exhaust manifold in which an extending portion of another form is formed will be illustrated based on FIG.

  First, the internal combustion engine of the fifth embodiment is different from the above-described internal combustion engine of the first embodiment in the setting position of the extending portion 413 of the exhaust manifold 401 as compared with the exhaust manifold 1 of the first embodiment. . That is, the exhaust manifold 401 according to the fifth embodiment is implemented in that exhaust gas is discharged downward from the internal combustion engine from an exhaust port provided in the first supercharger fixing flange 412a of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 412. Although the same as Example 1, as shown in FIG. 8, it differs from Example 1 in that the extended portion 413 extends from the side surface of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 412 toward the empty space below the internal combustion engine.

  Here, in the extending portion 413 of the fifth embodiment, a through hole (not shown) in the direction of the rotation axis of the internal combustion engine (longitudinal direction of the exhaust manifold 401) is formed independently of the exhaust passage of the exhaust manifold 401. And a second supercharger fixing flange 413b for fixing the second supercharger 403 in the low pressure stage at one end, and the first supercharger 402 in the high pressure stage at the other end. Is provided with a first supercharger fixing flange 413c.

  For this reason, the second supercharger fixing flange 413b is provided with a second supercharger 403 via a gasket, which is, for example, a stud bolt provided on an attachment portion 431a on the exhaust gas introduction side of the turbine housing 431. It is fixed by tightening B with a nut N.

  The first supercharger 402 of the fifth embodiment is similar to the first embodiment described above in that the mounting portion 421a on the exhaust gas introduction side of the turbine housing 421 is the first of the exhaust pipe collecting portion 412. The turbocharger fixing flange 412a is fixed to the turbocharger fixing flange 412a with a stud bolt B and a nut N via a gasket, while the exhaust gas discharge side mounting portion 421b of the turbine housing 421 is fixed to the extended portion 413 of the first supercharger. It is fixed to the flange 413c with a stud bolt B and a nut N via a gasket.

As described above, according to the internal combustion engine of the fifth embodiment, there is no need to provide the exhaust pipe 4 provided in the first embodiment described above, and for this reason, the first supercharger 402 to the second supercharger. Since the exhaust passage to the machine 403 can be shortened, the temperature drop of the exhaust gas can be suppressed more effectively, and the supercharging performance can be further improved.

  Further, as in the case of each of the first to fourth embodiments described above, the first and second superchargers 402, 403 can be compactly gathered in the exhaust manifold 401, so that the internal combustion engine can be operated regardless of the vehicle development time. Assembling workability to the vehicle body can be ensured.

  As described above, the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is useful when a plurality of superchargers are provided in series on the exhaust passage, and in particular, improves the supercharging performance and ensures the workability of assembling to the vehicle body. Suitable for planning.

It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold and the 1st and 2nd supercharger in Example 1 of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention from the side surface of the internal combustion engine. It is a perspective view of the exhaust manifold of the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view of an extended portion of the exhaust manifold according to the first embodiment when viewed from the direction of an arrow Y shown in FIG. It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold of the present Example 1 from the upper direction, Comprising: It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the installation area | region of an extending part. It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold and the 1st and 2nd supercharger in Example 2 of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention from the side surface of the internal combustion engine. It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold and the 1st and 2nd supercharger in Example 3 of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention from the side surface of the internal combustion engine. It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold and the 1st and 2nd supercharger in Example 4 of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention from the side surface of the internal combustion engine. It is the figure which looked at the exhaust manifold and the 1st and 2nd supercharger in Example 5 of the internal combustion engine which concerns on this invention from the side surface of the internal combustion engine.

Explanation of symbols

1, 101, 201, 301, 401 Exhaust manifold 2, 102, 202, 302, 402 First supercharger 3, 103, 203, 303, 403 Second supercharger 4, 104, 204, 304 Exhaust pipe 12, 112, 212, 312, 412 Exhaust pipe assembly portion 13, 113, 213, 313, 413 Extension portion 13a, 113a, 213a, 313a, 413a Through hole (exhaust passage hole)

Claims (2)

An exhaust manifold that introduces exhaust gas discharged from respective exhaust ports of a plurality of cylinders from a plurality of inlets, collects the exhaust gas introduced from each of the inlets and discharges the exhaust gas from one outlet, and the exhaust An internal combustion engine comprising: at least two superchargers driven by exhaust gas discharged from a manifold;
An exhaust passage hole is formed integrally with the exhaust manifold so that exhaust gas discharged from the discharge port flows, and is formed independently of an exhaust passage from the introduction port to the discharge port. An internal combustion engine characterized in that each of the superchargers is arranged upstream and downstream of the exhaust gas flow in the engine.   The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein a flange for fixing the supercharger is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust gas passage through the exhaust gas flow.

Images