JP2005020829A - Method and system for electric power transaction - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system for electric power transaction capable of properly coping with changes of power demands for efficient operation of a generator, by supplying in combination of a constant basic power and simultaneous/commensurate regulated power coping with changes in power demands to customers. <P>SOLUTION: When an electric power retailer 11 supplies a demand power to customers 15 and 16, it supplies an almost constant basic power and a regulated power corresponding to changes in demand power to customers. The regulated power is supplied from a simultaneous/commensurate regulated power supply 13 which supplies a commensurate power to the demand power for a certain period. The power retailer 11 acquires a measurement value of transaction transformers 35, 38, and 31, 32 of the customers 15 and 16 and an electric power supplier 14 through a communication line 40, and determines the charge for sale of power to the customers 15 and 16 and the purchase cost of the power supplied to the customers 15 and 16. Thus, the power corresponding to the changes in demand power of a customer is supplied, while a power generation facility is operated at high efficiency. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

ここで
Ｇ_１，Ｇ_２，…Ｇ_ｎ ：発電設備の定格出力
η_１（ｘ），η_２（ｘ），…η_ｎ（ｘ）：出力ｘ時の効率
ｘ_１，ｘ_２，…ｘ_ｎ：各発電設備の出力比 ｘ＝実際の出力／定格出力
（ｘは発電設備の性質上、実際には０．５≦ｘ≦１．０の範囲で運転される。）
ｙ_１，ｙ_２，…ｙ_２：運転停止を表す変数 ｙ＝０（停止時）、ｙ＝１（運転時）
発電設備全体を最も効率よく運転するには次の２通りの手法がある。
【００４３】
第１の手法としては、発電設備全体で消費する燃料消費量を最小にする。すなわち、要求される出力目標値を満足するために運転される、同時同量発電設備全体の燃料消費量が最小となる出力比を求めて対応する同時同量発電設備を運転制御する。ここで、目標とする発電出力をＹとして、次式で示す問題を解けばよい。
【００４４】
【数２】

第２の手法として、定格出力で運転される同時同量発電設備の組合せを選ぶ。発電設備の効率は図６で示したように定格出力で運転した場合が最もよくなるので、要求される出力目標値を満足するために定格出力で運転される同時同量発電設備の組合せを選ぶ。すなわち、複数の組み合わせから、組み合わされた同時同量発電機による総出力と出力目標値との差が最小の組合せを決定し、対応する同時同量発電設備を運転制御する。この場合も、目標とする発電出力をＹとして、次式で示す問題を解けばよい。
【００４５】
【数３】

これらの問題は、コンピュータを使用することにより簡単に演算して解くことができる。
【００４６】
上記第２の手法について具体例を説明する。最も簡単な例として、すべての発電設備の定格出力が同じで、効率も同等であるものとする。
【００４７】
この場合には
Ｇ＝Ｇ_１＝Ｇ_２＝・・・＝Ｇ_ｎ ・・・（３）
なので、起動すべき発電機の台数ｊは
【数４】

なるｊの最小値を求めることであるから（Ｙ／Ｇ）を切り上げた値がｊの最小値であり、運転すべきエンジン台数の最小値である。なお、多数のエンジンを動かす場合、故障に備えてｊの最小値＋１で運転する場合が多い。
【００４８】
また、発電設備の原動機がディーゼルエンジンやガスエンジンなどのレシプロエンジンの場合、各発電設備に対して負荷をどのように割り振っても燃料消費量に殆ど差がでない。以下、この理由を説明する。
【００４９】
レシプロエンジンの場合、発電に要する燃料の消費量Ｃは次式で表される。
【００５０】
Ｃ＝ａ・Ｇ＋ｂ・Ｇ・ｘ ・・・（５）
上式において、ａ，ｂは定数、Ｇは発電機の定格出力、ｘは発電機の定格出力に対する出力比である。すべて同じ形式のエンジンが使用されている場合は、全体の燃料消費率は、エンジン起動台数をｊ、発電する電力をＹとすると次式のように求められ、出力比ｘによらない。言い換えると負荷の負担割合によらない。
【００５１】
【数５】

エンジンの形式が異なる場合は、（５）式のａ，ｂの値に多少の差がある。また、エンジンを運転した時間によってもａ，ｂの値は変わってくる。すなわち、運転を長い間継続すると潤滑油の劣化や機械自体の磨耗などによって効率が全体に悪くなって行くため、ａ，ｂの値が徐々に増大する。
【００５２】
したがって、使用年数や運転時間、形式などが異なる発電装置を前述のように最適運転するためには、データセンタ４２に、図４で示すような発電設備データベース４２Ａを設ける。この発電設備データベース４２Ａには、１〜ｎまでの各発電設備１３の定格出力Ｇ、効率η_{（５０％）}、η_{（１００％）}、定数ａ，ｂ、運転時間ｔ、出力変化率などの数値が蓄積されている。
【００５３】
このほかデータセンタ４２には、データベースとして、発電需要家用データベース４２Ｂ、一般需要家用データベース４２Ｃ、ＰＰＳ用データベース４２Ｄなどが設けられている。
【００５４】
発電需要家用データベース４２Ｂには、１〜ｍまでの各発電需要家１６が有する発電機台数や、番号、年間負荷パターン、気温などのデータが蓄積されている。また、一般需要家用データベース４２Ｃには、１〜ｌまでの一般需要家の、年間負荷パターンや、気温などのデータが蓄積されている。さらに、ＰＰＳデータベース４２Ｄには、データセンタ４２が所管する１〜ｏまでのＰＰＳ事業者が管轄する発電所データや顧客データ、負荷パターンデータなどが蓄積されている。
【００５５】
次に、データセンタに４２による、同時同量調整電源１３の最適運転計画の一例を説明する。
【００５６】
データセンタ４２では、まず、類似日の負荷パターンを抽出する。すなわち、データセンタ４２に設けられた発電需要家用データベース４２Ｂや一般需要家用データベース４２Ｃに蓄積されている、一般需要家１５及び発電需要家１６の年間負荷パターン及び気象予報データから、同じ季節、同じ気温、同じ曜日の負荷パターンを選定し、これをその日の負荷パターンとする。
【００５７】
これら顧客毎の負荷パターンからＰＰＳ事業者１１の負荷パターンを算出する。なお、顧客毎の負荷パターンが得られない場合は、ＰＰＳ事業者１１の過去データから算出してもよい。
【００５８】
算出されたＰＰＳ事業者１１の負荷パターン（図５の曲線Ｄ）から、ＰＰＳ事業者１１が調達可能なベースロード電源Ａ，ＢおよびＲＰＳ電源１７の供給電力Ｃ（予測値）を引くと同時同量調整電源１３の予想負荷パターンが求まる。
【００５９】
次に、発電需要家１６の負荷パターンおよび、電力ネットワーク１９を管理する電力会社との託送契約に基づく制約から、起動しなければならない発電設備のスケジュールを決める。発電設備を同一箇所で選択できる場合は効率η_{（ １００％ ）}が高い方を選ぶ。このようにして選択された発電設備は起動させるので、前記（２）式におけるそれぞれのｙをｙ＝１とする。
【００６０】
次に、（２）式の演算を行い、（２）式を満足していない場合は、（２）式が満足するように起動すべき発電設備を決めていく。このときも、効率η_{（ １００％ ）}が高い順から選定していく。効率η_{（ １００％ ）}が同じ場合には運転時間の少ないほうから起動させるようにスケジューリングする。
【００６１】
なお、発電設備データベース４２Ａにおけるη_{（ １００％ ）} ，η_{（ ５０％ ）}，ａ，ｂの値は、発電機の出力および燃料消費量を常時測定しておき、インターネット回線網４０を介して随時更新する。また、燃料消費量をオンライン測定できない場合は、メンテナンススケジュールと運転時間とから計算により求め更新すればよい。
【００６２】
発電設備（同時同僚調整電源１３）の運転スケジュールは上述のようにして決まる。次に、実際の運転中における負荷の割り当て例を説明する。
【００６３】
目標とする発電機出力をＹとすると、前述のようにして求めた同時同量電源１３の負荷パターンを微分して負荷変化率を求める。次に、その時点の負荷変化率を満たすようにハーフロードで運転するべきエンジンを選定する。すなわち、次式を満足するように運転するべきエンジンを選定する。
【００６４】
【数６】

ただし
ｙ＝０，１ ｚ＝０，１
ここで、ｙは既に動いているエンジンについてはｙ＝１とし、停止しているエンジンはｙ＝０とする。ｚはハーフロード運転するエンジンについてはｚ＝１とし、フルロード運転するエンジンはｚ＝０とする。なお、ハーフロード運転するものはη_{（ １００％ ）}が悪い順から選んで行く。
【００６５】
このように、同時同量調整電源１３の最適運転計画が立てられ、一般需要家１５および発電需要家１６の需要電力に対し、それを満足する電力供給が行われる。このような電力取引を、発電事業家１４の管理する同時同量調整電源１３を構内に設置した発電需要家１６についてみると、図２で示した発電需要家１６のＭＯＦ３５と、その構内に設けられた同意時同量調整電源１３のＭＯＦ３２からは、それぞれ３０分毎の電力量計測値が、図３で示したインターネット回線網４０を通じてデータセンタ４２に入力される。
【００６６】
ここで、発電需要家１６のＭＯＦ３５の計測値をＡ、構内に設けられた同時同量調整電源１３のＭＯＦ３２の値をＢとする。また、発電需要家１６から電力ネットワーク１９への電力送り出しを−、電力ネットワーク１９からの流れ込みを＋とする。さらに、発電需要家１６の負荷２３が、構内の同時同量調整電源１３の電力を使った量をＹとする。
【００６７】
この場合、Ａ＜０（−：電力送り出し）であればＹ＝Ａ−Ｂであり、Ａ＞０（＋：電力流れ込み）であればＹ＝ｂとなる。このように、発電需要家１６の構内に同時同量調整電源１３を設置した場合、発電需要家１６が消費する電力の一部は、物理的に電力会社の電力ネットワーク１９を通らない。これに対し、一般需要家１５は、電力会社が管理する電力ネットワーク１９を必ず通らなければならず、電力量に応じた託送料金を電力会社に支払わなければならない。
【００６８】
発電需要家１６は、上述のように、消費電力の一部は電力ネットワーク１９を通らずに、図２で示すように、構内の電路を通じて同時同量調整電源１３から直接的に電力の供給を受けるので、その分、託送料金が発生せず、しかも電力ネットワーク１９上での電力損失も生じないというメリットが生じる。
【００６９】
このメリットは、同時同量電源１３を有する発電事業者１４、ＰＰＳ事業者１１、発電需要家１６で分け合うのが合理的である。発電需要家１６に対する託送料金がＣ円／ｋｗｈとすると、この３０分間の託送を行わなかったことによるメリットはＣ×Ｙ円となる。
【００７０】
データセンタ４２は、この値及び予め契約で決めておいた比率で分けたそれぞれのメリット金額をインターネット回線網４０でＰＰＳ事業者１１、発電需要家１６、発電事業者１４に通知する。この取引は発電通知をもって完了したものとみなし、ＰＰＳ事業者１１は、発電需要家１６への料金請求および発電事業者１４への料金支払いに反映させる。この業務は、もちろんデータセンタ４２に代行させてもよい。
【００７１】
また、発電事業者１４が、前述した同時同量調整電源１３の最適運転を行う場合、効率の観点や環境上の制約などで、ある発電需要家１６に設置した同時同量調整電源１３の一部もしくは全部を停止させたことにより、発電需要家１６の需要電力より構内の発電電力が少なくなることがある。このような場合でも、元来ＰＰＳ事業者１１が発電需要家１６に対して必要な電力を売ることになっているので問題はない。すなわち、発電事業者１４は、ＰＰＳ事業者１１が電力会社との託送契約の範囲内で、他の同時同量調整電源１３の起動、停止、出力調整を行えるためで、全体として、最も効率よい運転パターンを選択できる。
【００７２】
また、同時同量調整電源１３は、一般に大規模な需要家１６の構内に設置されるので使用電力の調整範囲が大きくなる、すなわち、需要家の電力使用量をαとし、発電設備の発電能力をβとすると、調整電力範囲Ｘは−α≦Ｘ≦βとなり、図７（ａ）（ｂ）で示すように、全体として電力を大きく調整することができる。このため、大規模で高効率のベースロード電源を採用することができる。
【００７３】
また、同時同量電源設備１３を需要家１６に設置することで、熱も供給することができ、送電ロスもないことから、ベースロード電源も含めた全体のエネルギー利用効率を高めることができる。
【００７４】
また、ベースロード電源は、図５で示したように、出力一定、定格出力で使用できるので、高効率で運転できる。
【００７５】
さらにディーゼルエンジンやガスエンジンなどのレシプロエンジンおよび２次電池などで構成された同時同量調整電源を台数制御できるので、最も効率よく運転することができる。
【００７６】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、ほぼ一定の基盤電力と需要電力の変化に対応する同時同量調整電力とを組み合わせて需要家に供給することにより、需要電力の変化に的確に対応でき、効率よい発電機運転が可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明による電力取引方法の一実施の形態を示す概念説明図である。
【図２】同上一実施の形態における電力系の構成を示す図である。
【図３】同上一実施の形態における通信系の構成を示す図である。
【図４】同上一実施の形態におけるデータセンタ内のデータベースを示す図である。
【図５】需要電力と供給電力との関係を説明する図である。
【図６】レシプロエンジンの効率を出力と対応させて示す図である。
【図７】本発明の一実施の形態による電力調整範囲を説明する図である。
【符号の説明】
１１ 電力小売事業者
１２ 電力事業者
１３ 同時同量調整電源
１４ 発電事業者
１５ 一般需要化
１６ 発電需要家
１７ 再生可能エネルギー電源
１９ 電力ネットワーク
３１，３２，３５，３８ 取引用変成器
４０ 通信回線
４２ データセンタ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a power trading method and a power trading system in which a power retailer supplies demand power to a customer as a customer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, large-scale power users in factories have private power generation facilities for power outage countermeasures, etc., and supply power from this private power generation facility to the self-equipment even during power outages to reduce purchased power I was trying to make it. By the way, in recent years, new entry from other industries in the power supply business has been recognized due to deregulation. For this reason, an electric power user having a large private power generation facility has come to supply surplus electric power to other electric power users, and a proposal regarding such an electric power supply system has been made (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).
[0003]
In such an electric power supply system, the electric power supplier buys and sells electric power with the most favorable condition (low price) to an arbitrary user (user who has made an order) among an unspecified number of electric power users. It is configured as follows. In this case, it is difficult to make an operation plan for the base power plant (reference numeral 4 in the above-mentioned patent document), and the power plant is efficiently configured for the convenience of power generation consumers (reference numerals F1 to Fn in the above-mentioned patent document) that change every moment. I can't drive.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2002-186181 A
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, the conventional power supply system has problems such as difficulty in operating a power plant with high efficiency.
[0006]
An object of the present invention is to provide an efficient generator capable of accurately responding to a change in demand power by supplying a customer with a combination of a substantially constant base power and a simultaneous and same amount of adjusted power corresponding to a change in demand power. An object of the present invention is to provide a power trading method and a power trading system that can be operated.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The power trading method according to the present invention is a power trading method in which a power retailer supplies demand power to a customer who is a customer, and the power supplied to the consumer is substantially constant base power and demand. The adjusted power corresponding to the change in power is supplied from a simultaneous and same amount adjusting power source that supplies the same amount of power to the demand power for every fixed time. Obtain the measured value of the transformer through the communication line, determine the electricity sales fee to the consumer, and obtain the measured value of the transformer for the transaction of the power generation company having the same amount of power supply for adjustment through the communication line. And determining the purchase price of the power supplied to the consumer.
[0008]
In the power trading method of the present invention, the power supplied to the consumer uses a renewable energy power source based on natural energy in addition to the base power and the regulated power, and the power retailer generates power having the renewable energy power source. The measurement value of the business transformer is also obtained through the communication line, and the power purchase fee from the renewable energy power source is determined.
[0009]
Further, in the power trading method of the present invention, the consumers are a power generation consumer that is directly supplied with the regulated power from the simultaneous same amount regulated power supply through a power line that does not require a consignment fee, and other general consumers. .
[0010]
The power trading system according to the present invention is connected to a power network having a base power generation facility capable of supplying a substantially constant base power, and supplies the same amount of power as the demand power per fixed time in response to a change in demand power. A transaction of a power generation company having the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power source, a consumer connected to the power network, and a measurement value of the consumer's transaction transformer via a communication line and having the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power source A data center that obtains the measured value of the transformer for power transmission via a communication line, and the electric power retailer uses the values obtained in the data center to sell the electric power to the consumer and the electric power supplied to the consumer. The purchase price is determined.
[0011]
Further, in the power trading system of the present invention, the data center predicts the temporal transition of the load on a specific day from the past demand record of the customer, and the load that the simultaneous same amount adjustment power supply bears at regular intervals from this predicted value. And the obtained value is set as an output target value to the simultaneous equal amount power supply.
[0012]
Further, in the power trading system of the present invention, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power source is composed of a power generation facility driven by a prime mover, and a plurality of the simultaneous equal amount power generation facilities are provided. The efficiency when the output ratio, which is the ratio of the actual output to the output, is an arbitrary value, and the operation / stop state of each simultaneous equal amount power generation facility is input to the data center via the communication line. An output ratio that minimizes the fuel consumption of the entire simultaneous equal amount power generation facility that is operated to satisfy the required output target value is obtained, and the corresponding simultaneous equal amount power generation facility is operated and controlled.
[0013]
Further, in the power trading system of the present invention, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power source is composed of a power generation facility driven by a prime mover, and a plurality of the simultaneous equal amount power generation facilities are provided. The efficiency when the output ratio, which is the ratio of the actual output to the output, is an arbitrary value, and the operation / stop state of each simultaneous equal amount power generation facility is input to the data center via the communication line. In order to satisfy the required output target value, the total output by the combined simultaneous equal amount generator and the required output target value are selected from a plurality of combinations of simultaneous equal amount power generation facilities operated at the rated output. The combination with the smallest difference is determined, and the corresponding simultaneous generation equipment is operated and controlled.
[0014]
Further, in the power trading system of the present invention, a renewable energy power source based on natural energy is connected to the power network, and the data center is a measured value of a transaction transformer of a power generation company having this renewable energy power source. Is also obtained through a communication line.
[0015]
Furthermore, in the power trading system according to the present invention, the consumer is a power generation consumer in which the regulated power from the simultaneous equal amount regulated power supply is directly supplied without going through the power network, and other general consumers. It is.
[0016]
In these inventions, when a power retailer supplies demand power to a customer who is a customer, the power retailer supplies almost constant base power and adjusted power corresponding to a change in demand power to the customer. The regulated power is supplied from the same regulated power supply that supplies the same amount of power to the demand power at regular intervals. The electric power retailer obtains the measured values of the transaction transformers of the consumer and the power generation company through the communication line, and determines the electric power sales fee for the consumer and the purchase fee for the electric power to be supplied to the consumer. For this reason, the electric power corresponding to the change of the demand electric power of the consumer can be provided, and the power generation facility can be operated with high efficiency.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a power trading method and a power trading system according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a concept of a power trading method.
[0019]
In FIG. 1, 11 is an electric power retailer (hereinafter referred to as a PPS operator), which purchases electric power from a power operator 12 having a large-scale power generation facility and a power generator 14 having a simultaneous equal amount power supply 13, and demand Sell the electricity needed for homes 15 and 16. The power retailer 11 obtains a price corresponding to the sold power from the consumers 15 and 16 and pays a price corresponding to the purchased power to the power company 12 and the power generation company 14.
[0020]
The power generation company 14 has a renewable energy power source (hereinafter referred to as an RPS power source) 17 using natural energy represented by wind power generation in addition to the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power source 13 described above. Also good.
[0021]
The simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13 is installed, for example, on the premises of a large-volume customer having factory facilities. The customer 16 provided with the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 on the premises is called a power generation customer because it has power generation facilities, and the other customers 15 are called general customers. The power generation customer 16 receives the lease fee and utility usage from the power generation company 14 that manages the simultaneous equal power supply 13 because the simultaneous same power supply 13 is installed on the premises. In addition, since the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 is installed on the premises, the generated power can be obtained directly without going through an external power network, and there is a merit that the postage to be described later becomes unnecessary.
[0022]
As will be described in detail later, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 changes the supply power following the load fluctuations of the consumers 15 and 16, so that it is easy to start / stop, has excellent load followability, and is low. For example, a power generation facility driven by a reciprocating engine such as a diesel engine or a gas engine is used with little reduction in efficiency during loading. In addition, a secondary battery or the like may be used.
[0023]
Next, with reference to FIG. 2, the power system facility that enables the power transaction will be described.
[0024]
Reference numeral 19 denotes an electric power network, which currently uses existing transmission lines and distribution lines owned by electric power companies. Connected to the power network 19 are the power generation equipment 20 of the power provider 12, the simultaneous and equal amount adjustment power source 13 and the RPS power source 17 of the power generator 14, the load 21 of the general customer 15, and the load 22 of the power generation customer 16. Has been.
[0025]
The power generation facility 20 of the power company 12 can supply almost constant base power to the demand power required by the general consumer 15 and the power generation consumer 16 that are customers of the power retailer 11 shown in FIG. It is a large-scale power generation facility.
[0026]
The infrastructure power generation facility 20 is connected to the power network 19 via switches 251 and 252, a transformer 26, and a transaction transformer (hereinafter referred to as MOF) 26 for measuring supply power. Further, the RPS power source 17 by wind power generation or the like is also connected to the power network 19 via the switches 291 and 292, the transformer 30, and the MOF 31 (for power supply measurement).
[0027]
The simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 is connected to the load 23 of the power generation consumer 16 via the switches 331 and 332 after passing through the MOF 32 (for power supply measurement) of the power generation company 14. Further, the load 23 and the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 are also connected to the power network 19 via the transformer 34, the switch 333, and the MOF 35 (for power consumption measurement) of the power generation consumer 16.
[0028]
The load 22 of the general consumer 15 is connected to the power network 19 via the switches 361 and 362, the transformer 37, and the MOF 38 (for power consumption measurement).
[0029]
Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the configuration of an information system for conducting power transactions will be described.
[0030]
Reference numeral 40 denotes a communication line, for example, an Internet line network. MOFs 31 and 32 (both for power supply measurement to the load side) provided in the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 and the RPS power supply 17, general consumers 15 and power generation demand MOFs 38 and 35 provided in the house 16 (both for power consumption measurement of the load) are connected via a corresponding communication control device 41. A data center 42 that performs predetermined information processing according to these instructions or requests is connected to the Internet network 40 together with the PPS operator 11 and the power generation operator 14.
[0031]
The data center 42 obtains the measured values of the MOFs 38 and 35 from the consumers 15 and 16 via the Internet network 40, and the measured values of the MOFs 32 and 31 of the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 and the RPS power supply 17 to the Internet network. Get through 40.
[0032]
The PPS operator 11 determines a power sales fee to the consumers 15 and 16 and a power purchase fee from the power generation consumer 14 supplied to the consumer, etc., according to each value obtained in the data center 42. The determined various charges are notified from the PPS contractor 13 to the consumers 15 and 16 and the power generation company 14 through the Internet line network 40.
[0033]
Here, the power supplied by the PPS operator 11 to the general consumers 15 and the power generation operators 16 as customers is substantially constant base power and adjusted power corresponding to changes in demand power. That is, the total value of the electric power supplied according to the demand from the consumers 15 and 16 is a value shown in the curve D in FIG. Curve D represents the transition of power usage for 24 hours a day, the night time zone is relatively low, and the time zones corresponding to morning and afternoon are high. This curve varies depending on the season, weather, day of the week, etc., but generally has the same form.
[0034]
Therefore, in response to the demand change indicated by the curve D, the base power sources A and B are supplied from the base power generation facility 20 shown in FIG. . Power is supplied from the RPS power source 17 to the consumers 15 and 16 together with the base load power sources A and B. However, the RPS power source 17 uses natural energy, so the generated power is small and a constant output cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is represented by a wavy line C in FIG. The power from the RPS power supply 17 is sold to the consumers 15 and 16 that need it at a predetermined rate.
[0035]
For the change in power demand indicated by the curve D, the shortage of power from the base load power supplies A and B and the RPS power supply 17 is supplied as the adjustment power from the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13.
[0036]
The PPS operator 11 sets the power demand that is insufficient with the power C from the base load power sources A and B and the RPS power source 17 to the data center 42 in order to match the power demand of the customer with the power purchase amount corresponding thereto. The same amount of demand is transmitted through the Internet network 40. In the data center 42, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supplies 13 are operated so that the total power generation cost of the plural (1 to n) simultaneous equal amount adjusting power sources 13 is minimized, that is, the most efficient. At this time, an operation plan for each simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 is made from the electric power / heat demand of the power generation consumer 16 and its predicted value.
[0037]
Here, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 follows the change in the demand power by supplying the same amount of power to the demand power every fixed time (current 30 minutes), and the demand of the customers 15 and 16 The power is supplied without excess or deficiency.
[0038]
In order to operate the simultaneous adjustment power source 13 in this way, it is necessary to predict the temporal transition of demand power (hereinafter referred to as a demand pattern) of the customers 15 and 16 in one day. The data center 42 predicts the temporal transition of the load on a specific day from the past demand results of the consumers 15 and 16. Then, from this predicted value, a temporal transition of the load borne by the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 every certain time (30 minutes) is obtained, and this obtained value is set as an output target value to the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power source.
[0039]
Next, a method for performing optimal operation control of a plurality (1 to n) of simultaneous simultaneous adjustment power supplies 13 will be described.
[0040]
In general, in any power generation facility using a reciprocating engine or a thermal power generation facility using a gas turbine or a steam turbine, the power generation efficiency is best at the rated output, and becomes worse as the output is lowered. Among these, in a reciprocating engine such as a diesel engine or a gas engine, the reduction in efficiency due to the reduction in output is relatively moderate until the output reaches about 50% of the rating as shown in FIG. Further, in order to adjust the load, power generation by a reciprocating engine that is easy to start / stop and has little decrease in efficiency as described above is suitable. Therefore, the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 will be described below using a power generation facility using a reciprocating engine having the above-described characteristics.
[0041]
First, variables as shown below are defined for a power generation facility (simultaneous same amount adjustment power supply 13) by a plurality (1 to n) of reciprocating engines.
[0042]
[Expression 1]

here
G₁, G₂, ... G_n  : Rated output of power generation equipment
η_{1 (x)}, Η_{2 (x)}, ... η_{n (x)}: Efficiency at output x
x₁, X₂, ... x_n: Output ratio of each power generation equipment x = Actual output / Rated output
(X is actually operated in the range of 0.5 ≦ x ≦ 1.0 due to the nature of the power generation equipment.)
y₁, Y₂, ... y₂: Variable indicating operation stop y = 0 (during stop), y = 1 (during operation)
There are the following two methods for the most efficient operation of the entire power generation facility.
[0043]
As a first method, the amount of fuel consumed by the entire power generation facility is minimized. In other words, the corresponding simultaneous equal amount power generation equipment is operated and controlled by obtaining an output ratio that minimizes the fuel consumption of the entire simultaneous equal amount power generation equipment that is operated to satisfy the required output target value. Here, if the target power generation output is Y, the problem represented by the following equation may be solved.
[0044]
[Expression 2]

As a second method, a combination of simultaneous power generation facilities operating at rated output is selected. The efficiency of the power generation facility is best when it is operated at the rated output as shown in FIG. 6, and therefore, a combination of the same amount of power generation facilities operated at the rated output is selected in order to satisfy the required output target value. That is, the combination having the smallest difference between the total output by the combined simultaneous amount generator and the output target value is determined from a plurality of combinations, and the corresponding simultaneous amount generator is operated and controlled. In this case as well, the target power generation output is Y, and the problem expressed by the following equation may be solved.
[0045]
[Equation 3]

These problems can be easily calculated and solved by using a computer.
[0046]
A specific example of the second method will be described. As the simplest example, it is assumed that all the power generation facilities have the same rated output and the same efficiency.
[0047]
In this case
G = G₁= G₂= ... = G_n        ... (3)
So, the number of generators j to start up is
[Expression 4]

The value obtained by rounding up (Y / G) is the minimum value of j, which is the minimum value of the number of engines to be operated. When many engines are operated, in many cases, the engine is operated with the minimum value of j + 1 in preparation for a failure.
[0048]
Further, when the prime mover of the power generation facility is a reciprocating engine such as a diesel engine or a gas engine, there is almost no difference in fuel consumption regardless of how the load is allocated to each power generation facility. Hereinafter, the reason will be described.
[0049]
In the case of a reciprocating engine, the fuel consumption C required for power generation is expressed by the following equation.
[0050]
C = a · G + b · G · x (5)
In the above equation, a and b are constants, G is the rated output of the generator, and x is the output ratio to the rated output of the generator. When the same type of engine is used, the total fuel consumption rate is obtained by the following equation, where j is the number of starting engines and Y is the power to be generated, and does not depend on the output ratio x. In other words, it does not depend on the load share.
[0051]
[Equation 5]

When the engine types are different, there is a slight difference in the values of a and b in equation (5). Also, the values of a and b vary depending on the time the engine is operated. That is, if the operation is continued for a long time, the efficiency deteriorates as a whole due to deterioration of the lubricating oil or wear of the machine itself, and the values of a and b gradually increase.
[0052]
Therefore, in order to optimally operate the power generation devices having different years of use, operation time, and format as described above, the data center 42 is provided with a power generation facility database 42A as shown in FIG. The power generation facility database 42A includes the rated output G and the efficiency η of each power generation facility 13 from 1 to n._(50%), Η_(100%), Constants a and b, operation time t, output change rate, and the like are accumulated.
[0053]
In addition, the data center 42 is provided with a power generation customer database 42B, a general customer database 42C, a PPS database 42D, and the like as databases.
[0054]
In the power generation consumer database 42B, data such as the number of generators, numbers, annual load patterns, and temperatures of each power generation consumer 16 from 1 to m are accumulated. The general customer database 42C stores data such as annual load patterns and temperatures of general consumers 1 to 1. Further, the PPS database 42D stores power plant data, customer data, load pattern data, and the like managed by PPS operators 1 to o managed by the data center 42.
[0055]
Next, an example of the optimum operation plan of the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13 by the data center 42 will be described.
[0056]
In the data center 42, first, a load pattern of similar days is extracted. That is, from the annual load pattern and weather forecast data of the general customer 15 and the power generation customer 16 stored in the power generation customer database 42B and the general customer database 42C provided in the data center 42, the same season and the same temperature. The load pattern for the same day is selected, and this is used as the load pattern for the day.
[0057]
The load pattern of the PPS operator 11 is calculated from the load pattern for each customer. In addition, when the load pattern for every customer is not obtained, you may calculate from the past data of the PPS provider 11.
[0058]
When subtracting the supply power C (predicted value) of the base load power sources A and B and the RPS power source 17 that can be procured by the PPS operator 11 from the calculated load pattern of the PPS operator 11 (curve D in FIG. 5) An expected load pattern of the quantity adjusting power supply 13 is obtained.
[0059]
Next, the schedule of the power generation equipment to be activated is determined from the load pattern of the power generation consumer 16 and the restrictions based on the consignment contract with the power company that manages the power network 19. Efficiency η when power generation equipment can be selected at the same location_{( 100% )}Choose the one with the higher. Since the power generation equipment selected in this way is activated, each y in the equation (2) is set to y = 1.
[0060]
Next, the calculation of the formula (2) is performed, and if the formula (2) is not satisfied, the power generation equipment to be started is determined so that the formula (2) is satisfied. Again, the efficiency η_{( 100% )}Select in descending order. Efficiency η_{( 100% )}If they are the same, schedule them to be started from the one with the shorter operating time.
[0061]
Note that η in the power generation facility database 42A_{( 100% )}  , Η_{( 50% )}, A, and b are constantly updated through the Internet network 40 by measuring the output of the generator and the fuel consumption at all times. In addition, if the fuel consumption cannot be measured online, it can be obtained and updated by calculation from the maintenance schedule and the operation time.
[0062]
The operation schedule of the power generation facility (simultaneous colleague adjusting power supply 13) is determined as described above. Next, an example of load allocation during actual operation will be described.
[0063]
When the target generator output is Y, the load change rate is obtained by differentiating the load pattern of the simultaneous same amount power supply 13 obtained as described above. Next, an engine to be operated at half load is selected so as to satisfy the load change rate at that time. That is, an engine to be operated is selected so as to satisfy the following formula.
[0064]
[Formula 6]

However,
y = 0,1 z = 0,1
Here, y is y = 1 for an engine that is already running, and y = 0 for a stopped engine. z is set to z = 1 for an engine that performs a half-load operation, and z = 0 for an engine that performs a full-load operation. Note that η_{( 100% )}Choose from the worst.
[0065]
In this way, the optimum operation plan of the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 is established, and power supply that satisfies the demand power of the general consumer 15 and the power generation consumer 16 is performed. Looking at the power generation consumer 16 in which the same amount adjustment power supply 13 managed by the power generation company 14 is installed on the premises, such a power transaction is provided in the MOF 35 of the power generation consumer 16 shown in FIG. From the MOF 32 of the agreed amount adjustment power supply 13 at the time of consent, a power amount measurement value every 30 minutes is input to the data center 42 through the Internet network 40 shown in FIG.
[0066]
Here, it is assumed that the measured value of the MOF 35 of the power generation consumer 16 is A, and the value of the MOF 32 of the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 provided in the premises is B. Further, it is assumed that power is sent from the power generation consumer 16 to the power network 19 and that the flow from the power network 19 is +. Furthermore, let Y be the amount that the load 23 of the power generation consumer 16 uses the power of the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13 in the premises.
[0067]
In this case, if A <0 (−: power delivery), Y = A−B, and if A> 0 (+: power flow in), Y = b. As described above, when the simultaneous equal amount power supply 13 is installed in the premises of the power generation consumer 16, a part of the power consumed by the power generation consumer 16 does not physically pass through the power network 19 of the power company. On the other hand, the general customer 15 must pass through the power network 19 managed by the power company, and must pay the power company a consignment fee according to the amount of power.
[0068]
As described above, the power generation consumer 16 does not pass a part of the power consumption through the power network 19 and directly supplies power from the simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13 through the power line on the premises as shown in FIG. Therefore, there is an advantage that no consignment fee is generated and no power loss on the power network 19 occurs.
[0069]
It is reasonable to share this merit with the power generation company 14, the PPS business operator 11, and the power generation customer 16 having the same amount of power supply 13. If the consignment fee for the power generation customer 16 is C yen / kwh, the merit of not performing the consignment for 30 minutes is C × Y yen.
[0070]
The data center 42 notifies the PPS operator 11, the power generation customer 16, and the power generation operator 14 of the respective merit amounts divided by this value and the ratio determined in advance by the contract through the Internet line network 40. This transaction is considered to have been completed with the power generation notification, and the PPS operator 11 reflects it in the charge request to the power generation consumer 16 and the charge payment to the power generator 14. Of course, this work may be delegated to the data center 42.
[0071]
In addition, when the power generation company 14 performs the optimum operation of the above-mentioned simultaneous same amount adjustment power supply 13, one of the simultaneous same amount adjustment power supply 13 installed in a certain power generation consumer 16 due to efficiency and environmental restrictions. By stopping some or all of them, the generated power in the premises may be less than the demand power of the power generation consumer 16. Even in such a case, there is no problem since the PPS operator 11 originally sells necessary power to the power generation consumer 16. That is, since the power generation company 14 can start, stop, and adjust the output of the other simultaneous equal amount adjustment power supply 13 within the scope of the consignment contract with the power company, the power generation company 14 is most efficient as a whole. Operation pattern can be selected.
[0072]
In addition, since the simultaneous equal amount adjusting power supply 13 is generally installed in the premises of a large-scale customer 16, the adjustment range of the power consumption becomes large, that is, the power usage amount of the consumer is α, Is β, the adjusted power range X is −α ≦ X ≦ β, and as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the power can be largely adjusted as a whole. For this reason, a large-scale and highly efficient base load power supply can be employed.
[0073]
Further, by installing the same amount power supply facility 13 in the consumer 16, heat can be supplied and there is no power transmission loss, so that the overall energy utilization efficiency including the base load power supply can be increased.
[0074]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the base load power supply can be used at a constant output and a rated output, so that it can be operated with high efficiency.
[0075]
In addition, since the number of simultaneous and same amount adjusting power sources composed of reciprocating engines such as diesel engines and gas engines and secondary batteries can be controlled, the most efficient operation is possible.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, an efficient generator capable of accurately responding to a change in demand power by supplying a customer with a combination of a substantially constant base power and a simultaneous equal amount of adjusted power corresponding to a change in demand power. Driving is possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a power trading method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power system in the same embodiment as above.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a communication system in the same embodiment as above.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a database in the data center according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between demand power and supply power.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing efficiency of a reciprocating engine in association with output.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a power adjustment range according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Electricity retailers
12 Electric power companies
13 Simultaneous power adjustment
14 Power generation companies
15 General demand
16 Power generation customers
17 Renewable energy power supply
19 Power network
31, 32, 35, 38 Transformer for trading
40 Communication line
42 Data Center

Claims (9)

An electric power retailer is an electric power transaction method for supplying electric power to customers who are customers,
The power supplied to the consumer is a substantially constant base power and a regulated power corresponding to a change in demand power,
Regulated power is supplied from the same amount of regulated power supply that supplies the same amount of power to the demand power at regular intervals.
The power retailer obtains the measurement value of the consumer's transaction transformer via a communication line, determines the electricity sales fee to the consumer, A power trading method, comprising: obtaining a measured value of a transformer through a communication line and determining a purchase price of power to be supplied to a consumer. The power supplied to the consumer uses a renewable energy power source based on natural energy in addition to the base power and the regulated power,
The electric power retailer obtains the measured value of the transaction transformer of the power generation company having the renewable energy power source through the communication line and determines the power purchase fee from the renewable energy power source. The power trading method described in 1. The consumer is a power generation consumer that is directly supplied with a regulated power from the same amount of regulated power supply through a power line that does not require a consignment fee, and another general consumer according to claim 1. The described power trading method. A power trading system in which a power retailer supplies power to customers who are customers.
A simultaneous power supply that is connected to a power network having a base power generation facility capable of supplying a substantially constant base power, and that supplies the same amount of power as the demand power per fixed time in response to changes in demand power;
A consumer connected to the power network;
A data center for obtaining a measurement value of a consumer transformer via a communication line, and a data center for obtaining a measurement value of the transaction transformer of a power generation company having the above-mentioned simultaneous equal amount adjustment power source,
The power retailer determines a power sales fee for a consumer and a purchase fee for power supplied to the consumer based on each value obtained in the data center. The data center predicts the temporal transition of the load on a specific day from the past demand record of the customer, obtains the temporal transition of the load borne by the simultaneous equal amount power supply at regular intervals from this predicted value, The power trading system according to claim 4, wherein the output value is a target value for output to the simultaneous equal amount power supply. The simultaneous equal amount adjustment power source is composed of a power generation facility driven by a prime mover, and a plurality of simultaneous equal amount power generation facilities are provided,
Each rated output of these simultaneous equal power generation facilities, each efficiency when the output ratio, which is the ratio of the actual output to this rated output, is an arbitrary value, and the operation / stop state of each simultaneous equal power generation facility is a communication line Entered in the data center,
The data center shall be operated to satisfy the required output target value, and the operation of the corresponding simultaneous power generation equipment shall be controlled by obtaining an output ratio that minimizes the fuel consumption of the entire simultaneous power generation equipment. The power trading system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein The simultaneous equal amount adjustment power source is composed of a power generation facility driven by a prime mover, and a plurality of simultaneous equal amount power generation facilities are provided,
Each rated output of these simultaneous equal power generation facilities, each efficiency when the output ratio, which is the ratio of the actual output to this rated output, is an arbitrary value, and the operation / stop state of each simultaneous equal power generation facility is a communication line Entered in the data center,
The data center determines the total output of the combined simultaneous amount generator and the required output from a plurality of combinations of the simultaneous amount generators operated at the rated output to satisfy the required output target value. 6. The power trading system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a combination having a minimum difference from the target value is determined, and the corresponding simultaneous power generation equipment is operated and controlled. Renewable energy power sources based on natural energy are connected to the power network,
5. The power trading system according to claim 4, wherein the data center also obtains a measured value of a power transformer for a power generation company having the renewable energy power source through a communication line. 5. The consumer is a power generation consumer that is directly supplied with the regulated power from the simultaneous same amount regulated power supply without going through the power network, and other general consumers. The power trading system described in 1.

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