JP2005003664A - Surveying instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surveying instrument for reducing automatic collimation operating time. <P>SOLUTION: The surveying instrument has a first collimating optical system for collimating a measured point, a surveying instrument body turnable about the vertical axis and the horizontal axis as centers, and a second collimating optical system mounted on the surveying instrument body and having a viewing angle wider than that of the first collimating optical system. After the second collimating optical system is collimated, the first collimation optical system is collimated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying instrument, and more particularly to a surveying instrument that performs collimation using an optical system of a telescope having a small viewing angle.

  In a conventional surveying instrument, a collimating optical system is configured by branching a telescope optical system for viewing a measurement point.

Japanese Patent No. 3039801

  Since the optical system of the telescope described above has a narrow viewing angle (for example, about 1 degree 30 minutes), the collimating optical system branched from this optical system has a narrow collimating range, so that the collimating range is shifted by sequentially scanning. The station had to be collimated, and it took a long time for collimation.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the surveying instrument of the present invention, the surveying instrument main body has a first collimating optical system for collimating the surveying point and is rotatable about the vertical axis and the horizontal axis. And a second collimating optical system mounted on the surveying instrument body and having a wider viewing angle than the first collimating optical system, and collimating with the second collimating optical system, A collimation is performed by the first collimation optical system.

  The surveying instrument of the present invention has a collimation optical system for collimating a measurement point, and includes a surveying instrument main body that can rotate around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. It is characterized by having a mechanism.

  Furthermore, the surveying instrument of the present invention has a telescope optical system, a surveying instrument main body that can be rotated around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, and a viewing angle mounted on the surveying instrument main body that is wider than that of the telescope optical system. Within the field of view of the telescope optical system by rotationally driving the surveying instrument about the vertical and horizontal axes based on the position information of the measurement points incident and imaged on the collimation optical system. It is characterized in that the station is located at.

  The second collimating optical system is preferably capable of forming an image on an image sensor.

  Based on the position information of the measuring point incident on the second collimating optical system and imaged on the image sensor, the surveying instrument main body is rotationally driven around the vertical and horizontal axes to place the measuring point in the field of view of the telescope optical system. It is preferable to have an automatic collimation mechanism to be positioned.

  The first collimating optical system and the second collimating optical system can share an image sensor.

  The first collimating optical system can have an omnidirectional mirror.

  It is preferable that the first collimating optical system and the second collimating optical system each have a light source for collimation.

  The surveying instrument equipped with the telescope optical system and the collimating optical system rotates the surveying instrument main body around the vertical and horizontal axes based on the position information of the measuring point incident on the collimating optical system and imaged on the image sensor. It is preferable to have an automatic collimation mechanism that drives and positions the measuring point within the field of view of the telescope optical system. It is practical that the collimating optical system can form an image on the image sensor.

  In the surveying instrument of the present invention, by using a collimating optical system with a wide viewing angle in addition to the telescope optical system, the time to the end of collimation can be greatly shortened. It can be shortened. Further, by performing detection of a measuring point and collimation with two optical systems of wide angle and telephoto, quick detection and accurate collimation can be realized.

First Embodiment As shown in FIG. 1, a surveying instrument according to a first embodiment includes a surveying instrument main body 1, a telescope optical system 10, a first collimating optical system 30, and a second collimating optical system 110. The position of the corner cube 60 on the image sensor 50 is detected by receiving the light emitted from the light source 29 in the surveying instrument body 1 and reflected by the corner cube (measurement point) 60 by the first collimating optical system 30. The collimator performs collimation by moving the surveying instrument main body based on the position information to position the corner cube 60 in the field of view of the telescope optical system 10 (second collimation optical system 110).

  Here, the first collimation optical system 30 has a corner cube 60 in the field of view of the telescope optical system 10 or the second collimation optical system 110 before collimation by the telescope optical system 10 or the second collimation optical system 110. And is composed of an objective lens 31, a collimating light prism 32, a light source 29, a second shutter 38, and a half prism 33. On the other hand, a telescope optical system 10 used for manual collimation includes an objective lens 11, a light source 19, a collimation light prism 12, a branching prism 13, a focus adjustment lens 14, a Porro prism 15, a focusing plate 16, and an eyepiece lens 17. It is configured. On the other hand, the second collimation optical system 110 used for automatic collimation includes an objective lens 11, a light source 19, a collimation light prism 12, a branch prism 13, a first shutter 18, and a half prism 33. The objective lens 11, the light source 19, the collimating light prism 12, and the branching prism 13 are shared with the telescope optical system 10.

  In the telescope optical system 10, the light beam (optical axis 20) incident through the objective lens 11 and transmitted through the branching prism 13 is imaged on the focusing screen 16 through the focusing lens 14 and the Porro prism 15. It can be observed with the eyepiece 17 together with the line of sight drawn above. On the other hand, in the second collimating optical system 110, the reflected light beam incident through the objective lens 11 and vertically reflected by the branching prism 13 passes through the first shutter 18 and the half prism 33 that can be opened and closed, and then the image sensor 50 (CCD ).

  In the first collimating optical system 30 provided separately from the telescope optical system 10 and the second collimating optical system 110, the light beam (optical axis 40) incident through the objective lens 31 can be opened and closed. Through 38, the light is reflected vertically by the half prism 33 and formed on the image sensor 50. The image sensor 50 is commonly used for imaging reflected light from the branch prism 13 and reflected light from the half prism 33. Since the first shutter 18 and the second shutter 38 are not opened simultaneously by the shutter driving mechanism 5, the image sensor 50 is focused on the reflected light from the branch prism 13 and the half prism 33. Only one of the reflected light is present.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a target recognition processing circuit 55 and a position recognition processing circuit 59 are connected to the image sensor 50. The target recognition processing circuit 55 is a circuit that determines whether or not the image sensor 50 has received reflected light from the corner cube 60. When it is determined by the target recognition processing circuit 55 that the image sensor 50 has received the reflected light from the corner cube 60, the corner cube 60 is positioned within the field of view of the first collimating optical system 30. is there. When the target recognition processing circuit 55 determines that the image sensor 50 has received reflected light from the corner cube 60, the position recognition processing circuit 59 (when the corner cube 60 is within the field of view of the first collimating optical system 30). ) Based on the output of the image sensor 50 (reflected light from the corner cube 60), the positional deviation between the position of the corner cube 60 and the center of the field frame is detected. When the target recognition processing circuit 55 determines that the reflected light from the corner cube 60 is not received, and when the position recognition processing circuit 59 detects a positional deviation between the position of the corner cube 60 and the center of the field frame. The surveying instrument main body 1 is moved by the horizontal direction driving mechanism 56 and the vertical direction driving mechanism 57 connected to the target recognition processing circuit 55 and the position recognition processing circuit 59, respectively.

  In the above configuration, collimation by the surveying instrument according to the present embodiment is performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. That is, after the corner cube 60 is arranged at the measurement point (step S1), the first shutter 18 is closed and the second shutter 38 is opened to drive the image sensor 50. A light beam for collimation is transmitted from the light source 29 to the outside of the surveying instrument through the collimation light prism 32 (step S2).

  When the reflected light from the corner cube 60 is received by the image sensor 50 (YES in step S3), the reflected light on the image sensor 50 is assumed to be present in the field frame of the first collimating optical system 30. Detect position. On the other hand, when the reflected light from the corner cube 60 cannot be received by the image sensor 50 (NO in step S3), the reflected light is assumed that the corner cube 60 does not exist in the field frame of the first collimating optical system 30. The surveying instrument main body 1 is moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction until light is received (step S4), and the position of the reflected light on the image sensor 50 is detected when the reflected light is received (step S3).

  Subsequently, based on the reflected light position information on the image sensor 50 detected in step S3 described above, the surveying instrument main body 1 is moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the image sensor 50 (step S5). ). Then, the second shutter 38 is closed, and the light source 29 and the image sensor 50 are stopped. Thereby, the corner cube 60 (measurement point) can be positioned within the field frame of the second collimating optical system 110 and the telescope optical system 10.

  Next, collimation is performed using the telescope optical system 10 or the second collimation optical system 110 instead of the first collimation optical system 30 that detected the corner cube 60 in step S3 (step S6).

Furthermore, collimation can be performed as follows.
When collimating manually, the operator rotates the surveying instrument main body 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions so that the corner cube 60 is positioned at the center of the field frame while looking into the eyepiece 17 of the telescope optical system 10. (Step S7).

  When collimating automatically, first, the first shutter 18 is opened, the image sensor 50 is driven, and the light source 19 is caused to emit light. Subsequently, the position of the reflected light of the corner cube 60 incident on the image sensor 50 via the second collimating optical system 110 is detected, and surveying is performed so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the field frame. Collimation is performed by rotating the machine body 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions (step S7).

  After collimating manually or automatically as described above, the distance and angle from the surveying instrument to the corner cube 60 can be measured by position detection means (not shown).

  In the first collimating optical system 30, the focal angle of the first collimating optical system is set shorter than that of the conventional collimating optical system, so that the viewing angle is set wider than the conventional one degree 30 minutes. . Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the field of view 41 of the first collimating optical system 30 is wider than the field of view 21 of the second collimating optical system 110. Easy to enter. With this configuration, since the first collimating optical system 30 can capture a wide range at a time, the time until the collimation is completed can be greatly shortened, and the collimation operation can be accelerated compared to the conventional art. Furthermore, since the viewing angle of the first collimating optical system 30 is wide, the current state at the time of collimation can be recorded in the image sensor 50 over a wide range. In addition, the detection and collimation of the corner cube 60 can be performed by switching between the two wide-angle and telephoto optical systems, thereby realizing rapid detection and accurate collimation. In order to further enhance the above-described effect, it is preferable that the viewing angle of the collimating optical system is not less than 10 times the viewing angle of the telescope optical system.

  As a modification of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, a second image sensor 51 that is separate from the image sensor 50 is provided in the first collimation optical system 30, and the half prism 33 and the second shutter 38, The first shutter 18 can be omitted. With this configuration, opening / closing control of the two shutters can be made unnecessary.

  In this modification, a target recognition processing circuit 55 and a position recognition processing circuit 59 are connected to the image sensor 51. The target recognition processing circuit 55 determines whether or not the image sensor 51 has received the reflected light from the corner cube 60. As described above, when the target recognition processing circuit 55 determines that the image sensor 51 has received the reflected light from the corner cube 60, the corner cube 60 is positioned within the field of view of the first collimating optical system 30. Is the time. When the target recognition processing circuit 55 determines that the image sensor 51 has received the reflected light from the corner cube 60, the position recognition processing circuit 59 (when the corner cube 60 is within the field of view of the first collimating optical system 30). ), And the first collimating optical system 30 and the second collimating optical system 110 or the telescope optical system 10, the output of the image sensor 51 (reflected light from the corner cube 60) A positional shift between the position and the center of the field frame is detected. When the target recognition processing circuit 55 determines that the reflected light from the corner cube 60 is not received, and when the position recognition processing circuit 59 detects a positional deviation between the position of the corner cube 60 and the center of the field frame. The surveying instrument main body 1 is moved by the horizontal direction driving mechanism 56 and the vertical direction driving mechanism 57 connected to the target recognition processing circuit 55 and the position recognition processing circuit 59, respectively.

  The collimated light beam may be transmitted from only one of the light sources 19 and 29. Further, the light source 19, 29 may not be provided in the surveying instrument main body 1, but an external light source separate from the surveying instrument main body 1 may be provided, and the corner cube 60 may be collimated by transmitting light from this external light source. .

Second Embodiment In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same members as in the first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 6, the first collimating optical system 80 is arranged on the upper part of the surveying instrument main body 1, and on the omnidirectional mirror 70 and the image sensor 52 capable of entering at least light of substantially the entire hemisphere of the surveying instrument main body 1. A collimating light prism 72 and a collimating light prism 72. In this configuration, the light beam emitted from the light source 79 provided above the omnidirectional mirror 70 is reflected by the collimating light prism 72 provided on the omnidirectional mirror 70 and emitted outside the surveying instrument. . On the other hand, the light beam incident on the omnidirectional mirror 70 from the outside of the surveying instrument is reflected on the omnidirectional mirror 70 and imaged on the image sensor 52 by the imaging lens 71. The surveying instrument main body 1 can rotate in the horizontal direction about the vertical axis 3 and can swing in the vertical direction about the horizontal axis 6.

  Similarly to the first embodiment, the telescope optical system 10 includes an objective lens 11, a light source 19, a collimating light prism 12, a branching prism 13, a focusing lens 14, a Porro prism 15, a focusing plate 16, and an eyepiece 17. It is composed of On the other hand, the second collimating optical system 120 includes an objective lens 11, a light source 19, a collimating light prism 12, and a branching prism 13, and all the components are shared with the telescope optical system 10.

  In the second embodiment, a target recognition processing circuit 55 and a position recognition processing circuit 59 are connected to the image sensor 52.

  The collimation by the surveying instrument according to the second embodiment is performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. That is, the image sensor 52 is driven after the corner cube 60 is arranged at the measurement point (step S1). A light beam for collimation is transmitted from the light source 79 to the outside of the surveying instrument through the collimation light prism 72 (step S2).

  When the reflected light from the corner cube 60 is received by the image sensor 52 (YES in step S3), the reflected light on the image sensor 52 is assumed to be present in the field frame of the first collimating optical system 80. Detect position. On the other hand, if the reflected light from the corner cube 60 cannot be received by the image sensor 52 (NO in step S3), the reflected light is assumed that the corner cube 60 does not exist in the field frame of the first collimating optical system 80. The surveying instrument main body 1 is moved in the vertical direction until light is received (step S4), and when the reflected light is received, the position of the reflected light on the image sensor 52 is detected (step S3).

  Subsequently, based on the reflected light position information on the image sensor 52 detected in the above step S3, the surveying instrument main body 1 is moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the image sensor 52 (step S5). ). Then, the light source 79 and the image sensor 52 are stopped. Thereby, the corner cube 60 (measurement point) can be positioned in the field frame of the second collimating optical system 120 and the telescope optical system 10.

  Next, collimation is performed using the telescope optical system 10 or the second collimation optical system 120 in place of the first collimation optical system 80 that detected the corner cube 60 in step S3 (step S6).

Furthermore, collimation can be performed as follows.
When collimating manually, the operator rotates the surveying instrument main body 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions so that the corner cube 60 is positioned at the center of the field frame while looking into the eyepiece 17 of the telescope optical system 10. (Step S7).

  When collimating automatically, first, the image sensor 50 is driven to cause the light source 19 to emit light. Subsequently, the position of the reflected light of the corner cube 60 incident on the image sensor 50 via the second collimating optical system 120 is detected, and surveying is performed so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the field frame. Collimation is performed by rotating the machine body 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions (step S7).

  After collimating manually or automatically as described above, the distance and angle from the surveying instrument to the corner cube 60 can be measured by position detection means (not shown).

  With the above configuration, since it is possible to capture a 360-degree range around the surveying instrument at a time, there is no need to rotate the surveying instrument body 1 in the horizontal direction in order to detect the corner cube 60. Quasi-motion can be accelerated. The collimation may be performed by the first collimating optical system 80 instead of the telescope optical system 10 or the second collimating optical system 120. The collimating light beam may be transmitted from only one of the light sources 19 and 79. Further, the corner cube 60 may be collimated using the reflected light from the external light source without providing the light sources 19 and 79. Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

3rd Embodiment In this embodiment, the same referential mark is used about the same member as 1st Embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, the third embodiment includes a collimation optical system 130 instead of the first collimation optical system 30 and the second collimation optical system 110 in the first embodiment. That is, the collimating optical system 130 includes the objective lens 11, the light source 19, the collimating light prism 12, the branching prism 13, and the zoom mechanism 90. The objective lens 11, the light source 19, the collimating light prism 12, In addition, the branching prism 13 is shared with the telescope optical system 10.

  In the collimation optical system 130, the collimation optical system 130 can be switched from wide angle to telephoto by a zoom mechanism 90 provided between the branching prism 13 and the image sensor 50, and the light beam incident from the objective lens 11. Is partially reflected by the branching prism 13 and forms an image on the image sensor 50. Therefore, since the optical system having a large viewing angle and the optical system having a small viewing angle can be used together with one optical system, the surveying instrument main body 1 can be made compact.

  The collimation by the surveying instrument according to the third embodiment is performed according to the following procedure. That is, after the corner cube 60 is arranged at the measurement point, the image sensor 50 is driven to bring the zoom mechanism 90 to the wide angle side. A light beam for collimation is transmitted from the light source 19 to the outside of the surveying instrument through the collimation light prism 12.

  When the reflected light from the corner cube 60 is received by the image sensor 50, the position of the reflected light on the image sensor 50 is detected on the assumption that the corner cube 60 exists in the field frame of the collimation optical system 130. On the other hand, when the reflected light from the corner cube 60 cannot be received by the image sensor 50, it is assumed that the corner cube 60 does not exist in the field frame of the collimating optical system 130, and the surveying instrument main body 1 is moved until the reflected light is received. The position of the reflected light on the image sensor 50 is detected when the reflected light is received by moving in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

  Subsequently, based on the detected reflected light position information on the image sensor 50, the surveying instrument main body 1 is moved in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the image sensor 50. Then, the light source 19 and the image sensor 50 are stopped. Thereby, the corner cube 60 (measurement point) can be positioned in the field frame of the collimating optical system 130 and the telescope optical system 10.

  Next, collimation is performed using the telescope optical system 10 or the collimation optical system 130.

Furthermore, collimation can be performed as follows.
When collimating manually, the operator rotates the surveying instrument main body 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions so that the corner cube 60 is positioned at the center of the field frame while looking into the eyepiece 17 of the telescope optical system 10. By doing.

  When performing measurement automatically, first, the image sensor 50 is driven, the zoom mechanism 90 is set to the tele side, and the light source 19 is caused to emit light. Subsequently, the position of the reflected light of the corner cube 60 incident on the image sensor 50 via the collimating optical system 130 is detected on the image sensor 50, and the surveying instrument main body so that the reflected light is positioned at the center of the field frame. Collimation is performed by rotating 1 in the horizontal and vertical directions.

After collimating manually or automatically as described above, the distance and angle from the surveying instrument to the corner cube 60 can be measured by position detection means (not shown).
Other configurations, operations, and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Next, a modification of the first to third embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, the light source is provided outside the surveying instrument main body, the corner cube 60 is accommodated in a box 62 outside the surveying instrument main body 1, and the light source 61 is disposed in the box 62. The corner cube 60 can be detected by detecting direct light from the light source 61 adjacent to the corner cube 60.

  Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be improved or changed within the scope of the purpose of the improvement or the idea of the present invention.

It is the side view which showed the structure of the surveying instrument concerning 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which showed the relationship between the image sensor (CCD) of the surveying instrument concerning 1st Embodiment, a target recognition processing circuit, a ranging mechanism, a horizontal direction drive mechanism, and a vertical direction drive mechanism. It is a flowchart which shows the collimation procedure in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the visual field of the surveying instrument concerning 1st Embodiment. It is the side view which showed the structure of the surveying instrument concerning the modification of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which showed the structure of the surveying instrument concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which showed the structure of the surveying instrument concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which showed the structure of the surveying instrument concerning the modification of the 1st-3rd embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Surveying instrument main body 10 Telescope optical system 30 1st collimation optical system 50 Image sensor 51 Image sensor 52 Image sensor 70 Omnidirectional mirror 80 1st collimation optical system 90 Zoom mechanism 110 2nd collimation optical system 120 2nd collimation Optical system 130 collimation optical system

Claims (10)

A surveying instrument main body having a first collimating optical system for collimating a measuring point and rotatable about a vertical axis and a horizontal axis;
A second collimating optical system mounted on the surveying instrument body and having a wider viewing angle than the first collimating optical system;
Have
A surveying instrument characterized by collimating with the first collimating optical system after collimating with the second collimating optical system. It has a collimating optical system for collimating a measuring point, and includes a surveying instrument main body that can rotate around a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, and the collimating optical system has a zoom mechanism. Surveyor. A surveying instrument main body having a telescope optical system and rotatable about a vertical axis and a horizontal axis;
A collimating optical system with a wider viewing angle than the telescope optical system mounted on the main body of the surveying instrument,
Have
Based on the position information of the measuring point incident on and formed on the collimating optical system, the surveying instrument main body is rotated around the vertical axis and the horizontal axis to position the measuring point in the field of view of the telescope optical system. Surveyor characterized by The surveying instrument according to claim 1, wherein the second collimating optical system can form an image on an image sensor. Based on the position information of the measuring point incident on the second collimating optical system and imaged on the image sensor, the surveying instrument main body is rotationally driven about the vertical axis and the horizontal axis to thereby rotate the first collimating optical system. The surveying instrument according to claim 4, further comprising an automatic collimation mechanism for positioning the measurement point within the visual field. 6. The surveying instrument according to claim 5, wherein the first collimating optical system and the second collimating optical system share an image sensor. The surveying instrument according to claim 1, wherein the first collimating optical system includes an omnidirectional mirror. The surveying instrument according to claim 1, wherein each of the first collimating optical system and the second collimating optical system includes a light source for the collimation. Based on the position information of the measuring point incident on the collimating optical system and imaged on the image sensor, the surveying instrument main body is rotationally driven about the vertical axis and the horizontal axis to measure the point in the field of view of the telescope optical system. The surveying instrument according to claim 3, further comprising an automatic collimation mechanism for positioning The surveying instrument according to claim 9, wherein the collimating optical system can form an image on an image sensor.

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