JP2004523476A - NF-κB inhibitor - Google Patents
NF-κB inhibitor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004523476A JP2004523476A JP2002533800A JP2002533800A JP2004523476A JP 2004523476 A JP2004523476 A JP 2004523476A JP 2002533800 A JP2002533800 A JP 2002533800A JP 2002533800 A JP2002533800 A JP 2002533800A JP 2004523476 A JP2004523476 A JP 2004523476A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- carboxylic acid
- acid amide
- thiophen
- phenyl
- acetylamino
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 230000017128 negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity Effects 0.000 title description 2
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Abstract
本発明は新規化合物およびIκBのIKK−βリン酸化のアミノチオフェン阻害剤を用いる疾患の治療方法を提供する。The present invention provides novel compounds and methods for treating diseases using aminothiophene inhibitors of IKK-β phosphorylation of IκB.
Description
【0001】
(技術分野)
本発明は、一般に、アミノチオフェン化合物を使用して転写因子NF−κB(核因子−κB)の病理活性化を阻害する方法に関する。かかる方法は特にNF−κBの活性化が関係する疾患を治療するのに有用である。より詳細には、これらの方法はIκB(阻害タンパクκB)のIKK−β(IκBキナーゼ−β)リン酸化を阻害するのに用いることができ、その阻害はその後のNF−κB二量体の分解および活性化を防止する。かかる方法は炎症および組織修復障害、特に慢性関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、喘息およびCOPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)、変形性関節症、骨粗鬆症および線維症、皮膚病、例えば、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎および紫外線(UV)誘発皮膚損傷、自己免疫疾患、例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、乾癬性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、組織器官拒絶、アルツハイマー病、発作、アテローム性動脈硬化、再狭窄、糖尿病、糸球体腎炎、癌、例えば、ホジキン病、悪液質、感染および後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)を含む特定のウイルス感染に伴う炎症、成人呼吸窮迫症候群ならびに毛細血管拡張性運動失調を含む、NF−κB活性化に付随する種々の疾患の治療に有用である。
【0002】
(従来技術)
急性および慢性炎症性疾患ならびに癌に関連したメディエーターの科学的研究における最近の発展は有効な治療法の探索における新しい戦略をもたらした。伝統的な方法は特異抗体、受容体アンタゴニスト、または酵素阻害剤の使用のような直接的な標的介入を含む。様々なメディエーターの転写および翻訳に関連した調節機構の説明における最近の躍進によって遺伝子転写レベルに向けられた治療法への関心が増加してきた。
核因子κB(NF−κB)はポリペプチドのRel/NF−κBファミリーの様々な組み合わせから構成される密接に関係した二量体転写因子複合体ファミリーに属する。このファミリーは哺乳類において五つの別々の遺伝子産物、RelA(p65)、NF−κB1(p50/p105)、NF−κB2(p49/p100)、c−RelおよびRelBから成り、これら全てはヘテロまたはホモ二量体を形成することができる。これらのタンパクはDNA結合および二量体形成領域を含む高度に相同な300個のアミノ酸「Rel相同領域」を有する。Rel相同領域のC末端には細胞質から核へのNF−κBの輸送に関して重要な核転位配列がある。さらに、p65およびcRelはそのC末端に強力な相互活性領域を有する。
【0003】
NF−κBの活性は阻害的なIκBタンパクファミリーの一つとの相互作用によって調節されている。この相互作用はNF−κBタンパク核局在配列を効果的に遮断し、二量体の核への移行を阻害する。多様な刺激によって複数のシグナル導入経路に類似のものを介してNF−κBは活性化する。細菌産生物質(LPS)、いくつかのウイルス(HIV−1、HTLV−1)、炎症性サイトカイン(TNFα、IL−1)、環境および酸化ストレスおよびDNA損傷物質が含まれる。しかしながら、全ての刺激に明確に共通しているのは、IκBのリン酸化およびその後の分解である。IκBは最近同定されたIκBキナーゼ(IKK−αおよびIKK−β)によって二つのN末端のセリンがリン酸化される。部位特定変異誘発研究によって一度リン酸化されるとタンパクがユビキチン−プロテアソーム経路を介して分解して断片化するという点でこれらのリン酸化がNF−κBのその後の活性化に重要であることが示された。IκBが無い場合、活性NF−κB複合体は核へ転移し、選択的な方法で好ましい遺伝子特異エンハンサー配列に結合することができる。NF−κBによって調節される遺伝子には多数のサイトカインおよびケモカイン、細胞接着分子、急性期タンパク、免疫調節タンパク、エイコサノイド代謝酵素および抗アポトーシス遺伝子が含まれる。
【0004】
NF−κBがTNF、IL−1β、IL−6およびIL−8のようなサイトカイン、ICAMおよびVCAMのような、細胞接着分子、および誘導型一酸化窒素シンターゼ(iNOS)を含む非常に多くの炎症メディエーター前駆物質の発現調節に重要な役割を担っていることは十分に知られている。かかるメディエーターは炎症部位への白血球の供給において作用し、iNOSの場合、いくつかの炎症性および自己免疫疾患において器官破壊を誘導する。
炎症性障害におけるNF−κBの重要性は喘息を含む気道炎症の研究によってさらに支持され、それによるとNF−κBは活性化することが示された。この活性化はこれらの疾患に特徴的なサイトカイン産生増加および白血球浸潤に基づくものだろう。さらに、吸入ステロイドは気道の過敏反応を減少させて喘息の気道において炎症性反応を抑制することが知られている。NF−κBのコルチコステロイド阻害に関する最近の発見に照らしてみると、これらの効果はNF−κBの阻害を介していると考えられるだろう。
【0005】
炎症性障害におけるNF−κBの役割に関するさらなる証拠が滑膜リウマチの研究から生じている。NF−κBは通常細胞質複合体として存在するが、最近の免疫組織化学の研究によって滑膜リウマチを含む複数の細胞でNF−κBは核内に存在する、すなわち活性を有するということが示された。さらに、NF−κBはTNF−αまたはIL−1βの刺激に反応してヒト滑膜細胞内で活性化することが示された。このような説明がこの組織におけるサイトカインおよびエイコサノイド産生増加に関する基本的な機構である。Roshak,A.K.ら、J.Biol.Chem.、271、31496−31501(1996)を参照。IKK−βの発現は関節リウマチ患者の滑膜細胞において示され、遺伝子導入研究によってこれらの細胞においての炎症メディエーター産生刺激に関するIKK−βの中心的な役割が実証された。Auppereleら、J.immunology 1999.163:427−433およびAuppereleら、J.Immunology 2001;166:2705−11を参照。さらに最近、野生型のIKK−βアデノウイルス構成物の関節内投与が足肢の腫脹を引き起こすことが示され、一方ラットにおいて優性陰性のIKK−βの関節内投与はアジュバント誘発関節炎を阻害した。Takら、Arthritis and Rheumatism 2001;44:1897−1907を参照。
【0006】
NF−κB/RelおよびIκBタンパクはまた腫瘍性形質転換および転移において重要な役割を担っているようである。ファミリーの一員はインビトロおよびインビボにおいて過剰発現、遺伝子増幅、遺伝子再編成または転位の結果として細胞の形質転換に関係している。加えて、これらのタンパクをコードする遺伝子の再編成および/または増幅があるヒトリンパ腫の20ないし25%に見られる。さらに、NF−κBは癌遺伝子ras、ヒト腫瘍において最も共通して欠損している、によって活性化し、NF−κB活性化の遮断がras介在細胞形質転換を阻害する。さらに、アポトーシスの調節におけるNF−κBの役割が報告され、腫瘍細胞増殖の調節においてこの転写因子の役割を強化している。TNF、イオン化放射線およびDNA損傷物質はすべてNF−κBを活性化してその代わりにいくつかの抗アポトーシスタンパクの発現をアップレギュレートすることが示された。逆に、NF−κBの阻害はいくつかの腫瘍細胞型でこれらの物質によるアポトーシス死を高めることが示された。これは化学療法耐性の腫瘍細胞の主な機構を表すと考えられるので、NF−κB活性化の阻害剤は単独または補助的な治療法として有用な化学療法剤であるだろう。最近の報告ではサイトカイン誘導筋消耗の調節と同様に骨格の細胞分化の阻害剤としてNF−κBが示され(Guttridgeら、Science;2000;289:2363−2365)、さらに新規の癌治療法としてNF−κB阻害剤の可能性を支持している。
【0007】
いくつかのNF−κB阻害剤が、C.Wahlら、J.Clin.Invest.101(5)、1163−1174(1998)、R.W.Sullivanら、J.Med.Chem.41、413−419(1998)、J.W.Pierceら.J.Biol.Chem.272、21096−21103(1997)に記載されている。
海洋天然産物ヒメニアルジシン(hymenialdisine)はNF−κBを阻害することが知られている。Roshak,A.ら、JPET、283、955−961(1997)。Breton,J.JおよびChabot−Fletcher,M.C.、JPET、282、459−466(1997)を参照のこと。
さらに、該IKK複合体のインドールおよびベンズイミダゾール阻害剤についての特許出願が提出されており(DE19928424およびWO200130774参照)、天然産物スタウロスポリン(staurosporine)、ケセルチン、K252aおよびK252bはIKK−β阻害剤であることが示された(Peet,G.W.およびLi,J、J.Biol.Chem.、274、32655−32661(1999)およびWisniewski,D.ら、Analytical Biochem.274、220−228(1999)参照)。
米国特許第3963750号は特定のアミノチオフェンの製造を記載する。
【0008】
(発明の開示)
本発明は新規化合物および活性化転写因子NF−κBの阻害におけるそれらの使用法に関するものである。
本発明の目的は転写因子NF−κBの活性を変化させて治療的に修飾される疾患の治療法を提供することである。
従って、第一の態様において、本発明は新規化合物および式Iに記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物を提供する。
もう一つ別の態様において、本発明は疾患の病理がIKK−βによるIκBのリン酸化およびその後の分解を阻害して治療的に修飾される疾患の治療法を提供する。
さらに別の態様において、本発明は疾患の病理がNF−κBの病理活性化を阻害して治療的に修飾される疾患の治療法を提供する。
【0009】
特定の態様において、本発明は、炎症および組織修復障害、特に慢性関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、喘息およびCOPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)、変形性関節症、骨粗鬆症および線維症、皮膚病、例えば、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎および紫外線(UV)誘発皮膚損傷、自己免疫疾患、例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、乾癬性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、組織器官拒絶、アルツハイマー病、発作、アテローム性動脈硬化、再狭窄、糖尿病、糸球体腎炎、癌、例えば、ホジキン病、悪液質、感染および後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)を含む特定のウイルス感染に伴う炎症、成人呼吸窮迫症候群ならびに毛細血管拡張性運動失調を含む、NF−κB活性化に付随する種々の疾患の治療法を提供する。
【0010】
(発明を実施するための最良の形態)
本発明の化合物は、以下の式(I):
【化7】
【0011】
[式中:
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2またはSO2NH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5はHまたはアルキルであり;
R6はH、CO−C1−6アルキル、SO2−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7、CSNH−R8、SO2NH−R8およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択され;
R7はHまたはアルキルである;ただし、R2がCONH2およびR5がHである場合、R7はH以外の基であり;
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9はHまたはアルキルである]
で示される化合物あるいはその医薬上許容される塩、水和物または溶媒和物から選択される。
【0012】
本発明の好ましい化合物は、
R3がHであり;
R5がHであって;および
R6がCO−C1−6アルキル、SO2−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択される
ところの化合物である。
より好ましい化合物は、
R6がCONH−R7またはSO2NH−R9である
ところのものである。
【0013】
本発明はまた、
R1がNR5R6であって;
R2がSO2NH2であり;
R3がHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4がアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5がHまたはアルキルであり;
R6がH、CO−C1−6アルキル、SO2−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7、CSNH−R8、SO2NH−R8およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択され;
R7がHまたはアルキルであり;
R8がアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9がHまたはアルキルである
ところの化合物を含む。
【0014】
本発明のもう一つ別の具体例は、
R1がNR5R6であって;
R2がCONH2であり;
R3がHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4がアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5がHまたはアルキルであり;
R6がSO2−C1−6アルキル、SO2NH−R8またはSO2NH−R9であり;
R8がアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9がHまたはアルキルである
ところの化合物である。
【0015】
本発明のさらにもう一つ別の具体例は、
R1がNR5R6であって;
R2がCONH2であり;
R3がHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4がアリールおよびヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)からなる群より選択され;
R5がアルキルであり;
R6がH、CO−C1−6アルキル、SO2−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7およびCSNH−R8からなる群から選択され;
R7がHまたはアルキルであり;
R8がアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9がHまたはアルキルである
ところの化合物である。
【0016】
この具体例において有用な化合物は、
2−[(ピリジン−3−イルメチル)−アミノ]−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;および
5−フェニル−2−[(ピリジン−4−イルメチル)−アミノ]−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
を包含する。
【0017】
本発明のさらにもう一つ別の具体例は、
R1がNR5R6であって;
R2がCONH2であり;
R3がHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4がアリール(置換されていないフェニルを除く)またはヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)から選択され;
R5がHであり;
R6がCONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7およびCSNH−R8からなる群から選択され;
R7がH(R5がHである場合を除く)またはアルキルであり;および
R8がアリールまたはヘテロアリールである
ところの化合物を包含する。
【0018】
この具体例において有用な化合物は、
2−(3−イソプロピル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−チオウレイド)−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−プロピル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−ウレイド−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
を包含する。
【0019】
本発明のさらにもう一つ別の具体例は、
R1がNR5R6であって;
R2がCONH2であり;
R3がHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4がアリール(置換されていないフェニル、1または2個のハロゲンまたはメチル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシで置換されたフェニルを除く)またはヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)であり;
R5がHであり;
R6がCO−C1−6アルキルである
ところの化合物を包含する。
【0020】
この具体例において有用な化合物は、
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−シアノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ジメチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−アミノ−4−メチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール−5−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メチルスルファニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3,4−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ヒドロキシメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−4’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−アセチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
を包含する。
【0021】
本発明はさらに、NF−κB活性化に伴う疾患の好ましい治療法であって、その治療を必要とする対象に、
2−アミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−メトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−[(ピリジン−3−イルメチル)−アミノ]−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−フェニル−2−[(ピリジン−4−イルメチル)−アミノ]−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
【0022】
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−トリフルオロメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−シアノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ジメチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−トリフルオロメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−アミノ−4−メチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3;4−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
【0023】
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール−5−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メチルスルファニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3,4−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,4−ジクロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ヒドロキシメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,4−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジクロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−イソプロピル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
【0024】
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−4’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−アセチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−チオウレイド)−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−プロピル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
【0025】
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;および
5−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−ウレイド−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群より選択される1またはそれ以上の化合物を投与することを含む、方法を提供する。
【0026】
本発明において有用なさらに好ましい化合物は、
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;および
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群より選択される。
【0027】
本発明は、炎症および組織修復障害、特に慢性関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、喘息およびCOPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)、変形性関節症、骨粗鬆症および線維症、皮膚病、例えば、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎および紫外線(UV)誘発皮膚損傷、自己免疫疾患、例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、乾癬性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、組織器官拒絶、アルツハイマー病、発作、アテローム性動脈硬化、再狭窄、糖尿病、糸球体腎炎、癌、例えば、ホジキン病、悪液質、感染および後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)を含む特定のウイルス感染に伴う炎症、成人呼吸窮迫症候群ならびに毛細血管拡張性運動失調を含む、NF−κB活性化に付随する種々の疾患の、治療法を提供する。
【0028】
定義
本発明は本発明の化合物のあらゆる水和物、溶媒和物、複合体およびプロドラッグを含む。プロドラッグはインビボで式IおよびIIに記載の活性親薬物を放出する複数の共有結合性の化合物である。キラル中心または異性体中心の別の形態が本発明の化合物中に存在する場合、このような異性体、エナンチオマーおよびジアステレオマーを含む、の形態すべては本明細書に包含されるものとする。キラル中心を含有する本発明の化合物はラセミ混合物、エナンチオマーに富む混合物として使用されるだろう、またはラセミ混合物は既知の技術を使用して分離されて個々のエナンチオマーは単独で使用されるだろう。化合物が不飽和炭素−炭素二重結合を有する場合、シス(Z)およびトランス(E)異性体の両方が本発明の範囲内である。化合物がケト−エノール互変異性体のような、互変異性体で存在する場合、各互変異性体は平衡で存在するにせよ一方の形態が優勢に存在するにせよ本発明内に含まれるものと考える。
特記しない限り、式Iまたはその下位式中にある一の置換基のいずれの意味も他にある場合のその意味、すなわち他のどの置換基の意味からも、独立している。
【0029】
本明細書で用いる「アルキル」なる語は、一つの炭素−炭素結合で連結した置換されてもよい炭化水素基をいう。アルキル炭化水素基は直鎖状、枝分かれ状または環状であってもよく、飽和または不飽和であってもよい。置換されてもよいアルキルの置換基はアリール、OH、O−アルキル、CO、ハロゲン、CF3、およびOCF3からなる群から選択される。
本明細書で用いる「アリール」なる語は、二個までの共役または縮合環系を含有する、共役π電子系を有する少なくとも一つの環がある、置換されてもよい芳香族基をいう。アリールは炭素環式アリール、およびジアリール基をいい、その全て所望により置換されてもよい。置換基はハロゲン、C1−4アルキル、NH2、OCF3、CF3、O−アルキル、S−アルキル、CN、CHO、SO2−アルキルおよびNO2からなる群から選択される。
【0030】
本明細書で用いる「ヘテロアリール」なる語は、二個までの共役または縮合環系およびO、SおよびNから選択される1−3個のヘテロ原子を含有する、共役π電子系を有する少なくとも一つの環がある、置換されてもよい芳香族基をいう。ヘテロアリールは炭素環式ヘテロアリール、アリール−ヘテロアリールおよびジヘテロアリールアリール基を含み、その全て所望により置換されてもよい。好ましいアリールはフェニルおよびナフチルである。より好ましいアリールはフェニルを含む。好ましい置換基はハロゲン、C1−4アルキル、NH2、OCF3、CF3、O−アルキル、S−アルキル、CN、CHO、SO2−アルキルおよびNO2からなる群から選択される。ヘテロアリール環の例はピロール、フラン、チオフェン、インドール、イソインドール、ベンゾフラン、イソベンゾフラン、ベンゾチオフェン(benzothiphene)、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、キノリジン、ピラゾール、イミダゾール、イソオキサゾール、オキサゾール、イソチアゾール、チアゾール、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、およびピラジンを含む。
本明細書で用いる「ハロゲン」なる語はF、Cl、Br、およびIをいう。
【0031】
製法
本発明の化合物は以下のスキーム1−8に記載される方法によって容易に調製することができる。アミノチオフェンカルボキシアミドの一般的な溶液調製はA C.Goudieの米国特許第3963750号(出典明示により本明細書の一部とする)に開示されており、それは以下およびスキーム1に記載される。別法を以下およびスキームに記載する。対応するスルホンアミドの一般的な製法をスキーム3または4に概説する。チオフェンカルボキシアミド尿素またはチオ尿素類似物の一般的な製法をスキーム5に記載し、チオフェンスルホンアミド尿素またはチオ尿素類似物の一般的な製法をスキーム6に記載する。チオフェンカルボキシアミドスルホニル尿素類似物の一般的な製法をスキーム7に記載し、チオフェンスルホキシアミドスルホニル尿素類似物の一般的な製法をスキーム8に記載する。
【0032】
一般的調製:
米国特許第3963750号の操作を用いて、トリエチルアミンを、40−45℃のシアノアセトアミドおよび硫黄のDMF中混合物に加え、得られた溶液をアリールアセトアルデヒドで処理し、アミノチオフェンを得る。得られたアミノチオフェンを酸無水物または酸塩化物とピリジン中で反応させて対応するアミドを得る(スキーム1)。該アミンを、ピリジン中、塩化スルホニルで処理して対応するスルホンアミドを得る(スキーム1)。別法として、K.H.WeberおよびH.Daniel(Liebigs Ann.Chem. 1979, 328−333)の方法を用いて、シアノアセトアミドとメルカプトアセトアルデヒドをエタノール中でトリエチルアミンと一緒に還流温度で反応させ、アミノチオフェンを得る。保護されたアミノチオフェンの水性バッファー中でのBr2を用いての臭素化を行って5−ブロモチオフェンを得、それを種々のボロン酸と反応させて対応する5−アリールチオフェン類似物を得る(スキーム2)。対応するスルホンアミドはシアノスルホンアミド(米国特許第2978482号に記載の方法に従って製造)から出発して製造することができる(スキーム3および4)。アミノチオフェンカルボキシアミドとアルキルまたはアリールイソシアナートまたはイソチオシアナートとの反応により対応するアルキルまたはアリール尿素もしくはチオ尿素を得る(スキーム5)。アミノチオフェンスルホンアミド類似物をアルキルまたはアリールイソシアナートまたはイソチオシアナートと反応させて対応するアルキルまたはアリール尿素またはチオ尿素を得る(スキーム6)。アミノチオフェンスルホンアミド類似物をクロロスルホニルイソシアナートまたはクロロスルホニルチオイソシアナートと反応させ、その後で水でクエンチすることにより対応する一級尿素またはチオ尿素を得る(スキーム6)。アミノチオフェンカルボキシアミドをアミノスルホニルクロリドと反応させて対応するスルホニル尿素を得る(スキーム7)。アミノチオフェンスルホンアミド類似物をアミノスルホニルクロリドと反応させて対応するスルホニル尿素を得る(スキーム8)。
【0033】
スキーム1
【化8】
【0034】
スキーム2
【化9】
【0035】
スキーム3
【化10】
【0036】
スキーム4
【化11】
【0037】
スキーム5
【化12】
【0038】
スキーム6
【化13】
【0039】
スキーム7
【化14】
【0040】
スキーム8
【化15】
【0041】
上記のスキーム1−8に記載される式Iの化合物の製法を参照すると、当業者であれば本発明が式Iの化合物を製造するのに必要とされる新規中間物質全てを含むことがわかるだろう。
本明細書で用いる開始物質は市販されているか、または当該分野の当業者に周知の常法により調製される。その方法は、COMPENDIUM OF ORGANIC SYNTHETIC METHODS、Vol.I−VI(Wiley−Interscience刊行)などの基本参考書に見出すことができる。
式Iの化合物の酸付加塩は適当な溶媒中で親化合物および、塩酸、臭化水素酸、フッ化水素酸、硫酸、リン酸、酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、マレイン酸、コハク酸またはメタンスルホン酸のような、過剰な酸から標準の技術で調製される。該化合物のあるものは許容される内部塩または両性イオンを形成する。カチオン塩は親化合物を、適当なカチオンを含有する、水酸化物、炭酸塩またはアルコキシドのような、過剰なアルカリ試薬で;または適当な有機アミンで処理して調製される。Li+、Na+、K+、Ca++、Mg++およびNH4 +のようなカチオンは医薬上許容される塩中にあるカチオンの具体例である。ハロゲン化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、アルカン酸塩(例えば酢酸塩およびトリフルオロ酢酸塩)、安息香酸塩、およびスルホン酸塩(例えばメシラート)は医薬上許容される塩のアニオンの例である。
【0042】
本発明は式I記載の化合物および医薬上許容される担体、希釈剤または賦形剤を含む医薬組成物を提供する。従って、式Iの化合物は医薬の製造において使用されるだろう。下記のように調製される式Iの化合物の医薬組成物は非経口投与形態では溶液または凍結乾燥散剤として処方されるだろう。散剤は使用前に適当な希釈剤または他の医薬上許容される担体を加えて復元させてもよい。液体処方は緩衝液、等張液、水溶液であるだろう。適当な希釈剤の例として通常の生理食塩水、標準5%デキストロース水溶液または酢酸ナトリウムまたはアンモニウム緩衝液である。このような処方は非経口投与に特に適しているが、経口投与で使用されても吸入剤として用量計測吸入器または噴霧器内に含有されていてもよい。ポリビニルピロリドン、ゼラチン、ヒドロキシセルロース、アカシアガム、ポリエチレングリコール、マンニトール、塩化ナトリウムまたはクエン酸ナトリウムのような賦形剤を加えるのが望ましいだろう。
【0043】
別法として、これらの化合物は経口投与用にカプセル化、錠剤化または乳化剤またはシロップに調製してもよい。医薬上許容される固形または液状担体が該組成物を促進するかまたは安定化するため、または該組成物の調製を容易にするために加えられてもよい。固形担体はスターチ、ラクトース、硫酸カルシウム二水和物、白土、ステアリン酸マグネシウムまたはステアリン酸、タルク、ペクチン、アカシアガム、アガーガムまたはゼラチンを含む。液状担体はシロップ、ピーナッツ油、オリーブ油、食塩水および水を含む。該担体はまたグリセリルモノステアリン酸塩またはグリセリルジステアリン酸塩のような、持続放出物質を単独またはワックスとともに含むだろう。固形担体の量は様々であるが、好ましくは、単位投与当たり約20mgないし約1gとすることができる。医薬調製は錠剤の場合必要なのは、粉砕、混合、顆粒化、および圧縮;またはハードゼラチンカプセルでは粉砕、混合および封入を含む製薬学の従来の技術に従って行われる。液状担体が用いられる場合、その調製はシロップ、エリキシル、乳化剤または水性または非水性懸濁液の形態であるだろう。このような液体処方は直接経口投与またはソフトゼラチンカプセルに封入することができる。
【0044】
直腸投与の場合、本発明の化合物はまたココアバター、グリセリン、ゼラチンまたはポリエチレングリコールのような賦形剤と合してもよく、坐剤に成形される。
本発明の方法は式Iの化合物の局所的吸入および結腸内投与を含む。局所投与は非全身投与を意味し、本発明の化合物を外部から表皮に、口腔に塗布すること、および耳、眼および鼻に上記化合物を点注することを含み、その点で該化合物は有意に血流には入らない。全身投与は経口、静脈内、腹腔内および筋肉内投与を意味する。局所投与に関して治療または防止効果に要する本発明の化合物の量は(活性成分として下記に記載)、もちろん、選択される化合物、治療される疾患の種類および重度および治療を受ける動物によって様々で、最終的には顧問医の裁量による。
活性成分を原化学物質として単独で投与することも可能であるが、医薬処方として提供することが好ましい。活性成分は、局所投与の場合、処方の0.01ないし5.0重量%を含む。
【0045】
本発明の局所処方は、家畜用およびヒト医用の両方で、一つまたはそれ以上の許容される担体とともに活性成分を含み、他のいくつかの治療成分を含んでいてもよい。担体は処方の他の成分と和合し得るという意味で「許容」されなければならなくてレシピエントに有害であってはならない。
局所投与に適した処方は:リニメント、ローション、クリーム、軟膏またはペーストのような皮膚を介して治療が必要とされる部位へ浸透するのに適した液体または半液体製剤、および眼、耳または鼻への投与に適した滴剤を含む。
本発明の滴剤は無菌の水性または油性の溶液または懸濁液を含み、活性成分を適当な殺菌剤および/または殺真菌剤および/または他のいくつかの適当な保存料内に溶解させて調製されるだろうし、界面活性剤を含むのが好ましい。得られた溶液を濾過によって清澄にし、適当な容器に移し、ついでそれを密封してオートクレーブまたは90ないし100℃で30分間維持することによって滅菌処理してもよい。別法として、溶液を濾過によって滅菌処理して無菌的技術で容器に移してもよい。滴剤に適した殺菌剤および殺真菌剤の例として硝酸または酢酸フェニル水銀(0.002%)、塩化ベンザルコニウム(0.01%)および酢酸クロルヘキシジン(0.01%)がある。油性溶液の調製に適した溶媒はグリセロール、希釈アルコールおよびプロピレングリコールを含む。
【0046】
本発明のローションは皮膚または眼への塗布に適したものを含む。眼用ローションは殺菌剤を含んでいてもよい滅菌水溶液を含み、滴剤の調製に類似の方法で調製されるだろう。皮膚への塗布用のローションまたはリニメントはまた、アルコールまたはアセトンのような、乾燥を早め皮膚を冷却させる物質、および/またはグリセロールまたはヒマシ油またはピーナッツ油のような油のような保湿剤を含んでいてもよい。
本発明のクリーム、軟膏またはペーストは活性成分の外部塗布用半固体処方である。それらは細かく分割したまたは粉末形態で活性成分を混合して、単独または水性または非水性流体の溶液または懸濁液中で、適当な機械を使用して、油性または非油性基剤とともに、製造されるだろう。基剤はハード、ソフトまたは液体パラフィン、グリセロール、蜜蝋、金属性石鹸のような炭化水素;粘滑剤;アーモンド、トウモロコシ、ピーナッツ、ヒマシまたはオリーブ油のような天然油;羊毛脂またはその誘導体、またはステアリン酸またはオレイン酸のような脂肪酸をプロピレングリコールまたはマクロゴールのようなアルコールとともに含むだろう。処方はソルビタンエステルまたはポリオキシエチレン誘導体のようなアニオン性、カチオン性または非イオン性界面活性剤のようないくつかの適当な界面活性剤を含むだろう。また、天然ガム、セルロース誘導体またはシリカなどの無機物質の懸濁剤、およびラノリンなどの他の成分が含まれていてもよい。
【0047】
(本発明の利用)
式Iの化合物はIκBのIKK−ベータキナーゼリン酸化の阻害剤として有用であってNF−κB活性化の阻害剤である。本発明の方法は上記の化合物の組成物および処方を利用し、上記の化合物の医薬組成物および処方を含む。
本発明は特に不適当なNF−κB活性化に伴う疾患の治療法であって、式Iの一つまたはそれ以上の化合物を要する動物、特に哺乳類、最も好ましくはヒトに投与することを含む方法を提供する。本発明は、特に、炎症および組織修復障害、特に慢性関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、喘息およびCOPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)、変形性関節症、骨粗鬆症および線維症、皮膚病、例えば、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎および紫外線(UV)誘発皮膚損傷、自己免疫疾患、例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、乾癬性関節炎、強直性脊椎炎、組織器官拒絶、アルツハイマー病、発作、アテローム性動脈硬化、再狭窄、糖尿病、糸球体腎炎、癌、例えば、ホジキン病、悪液質、感染および後天性免疫不全症候群(AIDS)を含む特定のウイルス感染に伴う炎症、成人呼吸窮迫症候群ならびに毛細血管拡張性運動失調の治療法を提供する。
【0048】
急性期治療に関して、式Iの一つまたはそれ以上の化合物の非経口投与は有用である。5%デキストロース水または通常の食塩水中該化合物の静脈内注入、または適当な賦形剤での類似の処方は、最も有効であるが、筋肉内ボーラス注射もまた有用である。典型的には、非経口投与量は、IKK−ベータおよびそれに続くNF−κBの活性化を阻害するのに有効な濃度において血漿内薬物濃度を維持する方法では、約0.01ないし約50mg/kg;好ましくは0.1ないし20mg/kgであるだろう。該化合物は約0.4ないし80mg/kg/dayの1日総用量を達成するレベルでは1日1ないし4回投与される。治療効果のある本発明の方法で使用される化合物の正確な量、および上記化合物が投与される最善の経路は、治療効果を有するのに要する濃度と物質の血液レベルを比較する当該分野では通常の技術で容易に定量される。
【0049】
式Iの化合物はまた薬物濃度がIKK−ベータおよびそれに続くNF−κBの活性化を阻害するまたは本明細書で開示されるような他のいずれの指摘をも達成するのに十分である方法で、患者に経口投与されてもよい。典型的には、該化合物を含有する医薬組成物が患者の症状に合わせた方法で約0.1ないし約50mg/kgの経口投与量で投与される。経口投与量は約0.5ないし約20mg/kgであるのが好ましいだろう。
式Iの化合物はまた薬物濃度がIKK−ベータおよびそれに続くNF−κBの活性化を阻害するまたは本明細書で開示されるような他のいずれの指摘をも達成するのに十分である方法で、患者に局所投与されてもよい。典型的には、該化合物を含有する医薬組成物が約0.01%ないし約5%w/wの局所処方で投与される。
本発明の化合物が本発明に従って投与される場合、許容され得ない毒性効果は予想されない。
【0050】
本明細書に記載される化合物のNF−κBの阻害効果はIKK−βによるIκB−αのN末端断片のリン酸化阻害効果として明示される(実施例の表1参照)。これらの化合物はまた前炎症刺激(例えば、TNF−α、LPS、など)による細胞の活性化に関するヒト単球および他の哺乳類の細胞におけるIκB−αの分解および核転位を阻害する。加えてこれらの化合物はLPS刺激ヒト単球および刺激されたヒト滑膜線維芽細胞からの炎症メディエーター前駆物質産生を阻害する。疾患の治療に関する本発明のNF−κB阻害剤の利用は様々な疾患におけるNF−κBの重要性を前提とする。
NF−κBはTNF、IL−1β、IL−6およびIL−8のようなサイトカイン(Mukaidaら、1990;LibermanおよびBaltimore、1990;Matsusakaら、1993)、ICAMおよびVCAMのような、細胞接着分子(Maruiら、1993;Kawaiら、1995;LedeburおよびParks、1995)、および誘導型一酸化窒素シンターゼ(iNOS)(Xieら、1994;Adcockら、1994)を含む多数の炎症メディエーター前駆物質の発現調節において重要な役割を担っている。(全体の参照引用は本セクションの終わりにある)。このようなメディエーターは炎症部位への白血球の供給において作用することが知られており、iNOSの場合、いくつかの炎症性および自己免疫疾患において器官破壊を誘導する(McCartney−Francisら、1993;Kleemannら、1993)。
【0051】
炎症性障害におけるNF−κBの重要な役割に関する証拠が喘息患者の研究で得られた。軽度のアトピー性喘息から得られた気管支生検を通常の非アトピー性対照からの生検と比較すると活性化NF−κB、総NF−κB、およびGM−CSFおよびTNFαのようなNF−κB調節サイトカインに関する粘膜下組織染色で細胞の数が顕著に増加していることがわかる(Wilsonら、1998)。さらに、NF−κB免疫反応性を発現する血管の割合が生検標本の上皮においてIL−8免疫反応性と同様に増加している(Wilsonら、1998)。このように、NF−κBの阻害によるIL−8産生阻害は、これらの化合物によって実証されるように気道炎症において有利であると考えられるだろう。
最近の研究ではNF−κBはまた炎症性腸疾患(IBD)の病因において重要な役割を担っていることが示された。活性化NF−κBはクローン病および潰瘍性大腸炎患者からの結腸の生検標本で見られる(Arditeら、1998;Roglerら、1998;Schreiberら、1998)。炎症粘膜で活性化が確認されているが非炎症粘膜ではなく(Arditeら、1998;Roglerら、1998)同部位でIL−8mRNA発現増加に関連している(Arditeら、1998)。さらに、コルチコステロイド治療は腸管NF−κB活性化を強固に阻害して結腸の炎症を減少させる(Arditeら、1998;Schreiberら、1998)。再び、NF−κBの阻害によるIL−8産生阻害は、これらの化合物によって実証されるように気道炎症において有利であると考えられるだろう。
【0052】
胃腸の炎症の動物モデルは結腸の炎症の重要な調節因子としてのNF−κBに関してさらなる支持を提供する。NF−κB活性の増加がマウスにおいて2,4,6−トリニトロベンゼンスルホン酸(TNBS)誘発大腸炎の粘膜固有層マクロファージ内に観察されてp65が活性化複合体の主要な要素である(Neurathら、1996;NeurathおよびPettersson、1997)。p65のアンチセンスの局所投与によって処置した動物において毒性の徴候なしに慢性大腸炎の徴候が消失する(NeurathおよびPettersson、1997)。このように、NF−κBの低分子阻害剤がIBDの治療において有用であると考えられるだろう。
炎症性障害におけるNF−κBの役割に関するさらなる証拠が滑膜リウマチの研究から得られた。NF−κBは通常不活性の細胞質複合体として存在するが、最近の免疫組織化学研究によってNF−κBがヒト滑膜リウマチ(Handelら、1995;Marokら、1996;Sioudら、1998)および上記疾患の動物モデル(Tsaoら、1997)において核内に存在する、すなわち活性を有することが示された。染色はA型滑膜細胞および血管内皮細胞に関連している(Marokら、1996)。さらに、NF−κBの構造活性化が培養された滑膜細胞(Roshakら、1996;Miyazawaら、1998)およびIL−1βまたはTNFαで刺激した滑膜細胞培地で(Roshakら、1996;Fujisawaら、1996;Roshakら、1997)確認される。このように、NF−κBの活性化は炎症のある滑膜に特徴的なサイトカイン産生増加および白血球浸潤に基づく。これらの化合物のNF−κBを阻害およびそれに続くこれらの細胞による炎症メディエーター前駆物質(例えばサイトカインおよびプロスタノイド)の産生を阻害する能力は関節リウマチにおいて有利であると考えられる。
【0053】
生物学的分析:
本発明の化合物は、一定の薬理学的効果を有するのに要する化合物の濃度を定量するためにいくつかの生物学的分析の一つで試験されるだろう。
NF−κB活性はまた核内NF−κBタンパクの存在を評価するために電気泳動度シフトアッセイ(electrophoretic mobility shift assay)(EMSA)で測定されるだろう。目的の細胞を1x106/mLの密度まで培養する。細胞を遠心して収集し、Ca2+およびMg2+不含のPBSで洗浄してCa2+およびMg2+含有のPBSに1x107細胞/mlにて再懸濁させる。化合物のNF−κBの活性化に関する効果を試験するために、細胞懸濁液を異なる濃度の薬物またはビヒクル(DMSO、0.1%)で30分間37℃で処理し、その後さらに15分間TNF−α(5.0ng/mL)で刺激する。細胞および核抽出物を以下のように調製する。簡単には、インキュベーションの終了時に細胞(1x107細胞)をCa2+およびMg2+不含のPBSで2回洗浄する。得られた細胞ペレットを20μLの緩衝液A(10mMヘペス(pH7.9)、10mMKCl、1.5mMMgCl2、0.5mMジチオトレイトール(DTT)および0.1%NP40)で再懸濁して10分間氷上でインキュベートする。核を3500rpmで10分間4℃でマイクロ遠心してペレット状にする。得られた上清を細胞抽出物として収集して核ペレットを15μLの緩衝液C(20mMヘペス(pH7.9)、0.42MNaCl、1.5mMMgCl2、25%グリセロール、0.2mMEDTA、0.5mMDTT、および0.5mMフェニルメチルスルホニルフロリド(PMSF))で再懸濁した。懸濁液を20分間4℃で穏やかに混合して14000rpmで10分間4℃でマイクロ遠心に付す。上清を収集して60μLの緩衝液D(20mMヘペス(pH7.9)、50mMKCl、20%グリセロール、0.2mMEDTA、0.5mMDTT、および0.5mMPMSF)で希釈する。全サンプルは分析まで−80℃で保存される。抽出物のタンパク濃度をBioRad試薬でBradfordの方法に従って定量する。
【0054】
転写因子活性化に関する化合物の効果を上記のように処理された細胞からの抽出物を使用して電気泳動度シフトアッセイ(EMSA)で評価する。二重鎖NF−κBコンセンサスオリゴヌクレオチド(5’−AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC−3’)をT4ポリヌクレオチドキナーゼおよび[g−32P]ATPで標識する。結合混合物(25uL)は10mMヘペス−NaOH(pH7.9)、4mMトリス−HCl(pH7.9)、60mMKCl、1mMEDTA、1mMジチオトレイトール、10%グリセロール、0.3mg/mLウシ血清アルブミン、および1ugポリ(dI−dC)ポリ(dI−dC)を含有する。結合混合物(10ug核抽出タンパク)を0.5ngの32P−標識オリゴヌクレオチド(50000−100000cpm)とともに未標識の競合物質のある場合とない場合で20分間室温でインキュベートしてその後混合物を1xトリスホウ酸塩/EDTAで調製した4%ポリアシルアミドゲル上に流して200Vで2時間電気泳動させる。電気泳動後ゲルを乾燥させて結合反応の検出のためにフィルムに曝す。
【0055】
化合物のIκBのリン酸化に関する効果はウェスタンブロットでモニター観察することができる。細胞抽出物を10%ゲル(BioRad、Hercules、CA)上でドデシル硫酸ナトリウムポリアシルアミドゲル電気泳動(SDS−PAGE)に付してタンパクをニトロセルロースシート(Hybondtm−ECL、Amersham社、Arlington Heights、IL)に移す。IκBαまたはIκBβに対するポリクローナルウサギ抗体をさらにペルオキシダーゼ共役ロバ抗ウサギ二次抗体(Amersham社、Arlington Heights、IL)を使用して免疫ブロットアッセイを行う。増幅化学発光(ECL)アッセイシステム(Amersham社、Arlington Heights、IL)を使用して免疫反応バンドを検出する。
【0056】
IκBキナーゼに関するアッセイを以下のようにして行った:IKK−αをヘキサヒスチジン標識タンパクとしてバキュロウイルス感染昆虫細胞内で発現させてNi−NTAアフィニティーカラムに通して精製した。示される(Pharmacia Biotech社、Piscataway、NJ)ような異なる濃度の化合物またはDMSOビヒクルおよびATPを含有するアッセイ緩衝液(20mMヘペス、pH7.7、2mMMgCl2、10mMβ−グリセリンリン酸、10mMNaF、10mMPNPP、0.3mMNa3VO4、1mMベンズアミジン、2μMPMSF、10μg/mlアプロチニン、1ug/mLロイペプチン、1ug/mLペプスタチン、1mMDTT)内で50ngの精製タンパクを使用してキナーゼ活性をアッセイした。200ngのIκB−GST(Santa Cruz Biotechnology社、Santa Cruz、CA)を加えて、総量50μLで反応を開始した。反応を1時間30℃で続けた後最終濃度20mMになるようにEDTAを加えて反応を停止した。IκB−αリン酸(Ser32)抗体(Wallac Oy、Turku、Finland)およびEu3+標識抗ウサギIgG(Wallac Oy、Turku、Finland)を使用する解離増強ランタニド蛍光免疫アッセイ(dissociation−enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay)でキナーゼ活性を定量した。標準ユーロピウムプロトコール(励起340nm、発光615nm;400μ秒間その後400μ秒遅れて測定された蛍光)を使用して、VICTOR 1420マルチ標識計数器(Wallec)でプレートを読んだ。データは蛍光(cps)単位で表現される。
【0057】
IKK−βをGST標識タンパクとして発現させ、その活性を96ウェルシンチレーション近位アッセイ(scintillation proximity assay)(SPA)で評価した。簡単には、異なる濃度の化合物またはDMSOビヒクル、240nMATPおよび200nCi[γ−33P]−ATP(10mCi/mL、2000Ci/mmol;NEN Life Science Products、Boston、MA)とともに、アッセイ緩衝液IKK−βを上記のようにアッセイ緩衝液(ファイナル20nM)で希釈した。IκB−αの15−46のアミノ酸(American Peptide)を含むビオチン化ペプチドを最終濃度2.4μMになるように加えて、総量50μLで反応を開始した。サンプルを1時間30℃でインキュベートした後、0.2mgストレプトアビジン被覆SPA PVTビーズ(Amersham Pharmacia Biotech、Piscataway、NJ)を含有する150uLの停止緩衝液(PBSw/oCa2+、Mg2+、0.1%トリトンX−100(v/v)、10mMEDTA)を加えた。サンプルを混合して、10分間室温でインキュベートし、遠心して(1000xg、2分)、Hewlett−Packard TopCountで測定した。
【0058】
IKK−β阻害剤の一次滑膜線維芽細胞メディエーター産生に関する効果を以下のように評価した:上記(Roshakら、1996b)の関節リウマチの成人患者から得た滑膜を酵素消化してヒトRSFの一次培地を得た。10%仔ウシ血清(FBS)、100ユニット/mlペニシリンおよび100μg/mlストレプトマイシン(GIBCO、Grand Island、NY)を含むアール最小必須培地(Earl’s Minimal Essential Medium)(EMEM)内、37℃および5%CO2で細胞を培養した。より画一のB型線維芽細胞数を得るために継代4から9の培養基を使用した。いくつかの実験では、線維芽細胞を16mm(直径)24ウェルプレート(Costar、Cambridge、MA)内に5x104細胞/mLで平板培養した。細胞(70−80%集密)をIL−1β(1ng/mL)(Genzyme、Cambridge、MA)に所定の時間曝した。IL−1を加える15分前にDMSOビヒクル(1%)内薬物を細胞培地に加えた。異なるドナーからの滑膜細胞を使用して3−4回実験を行った。RSF細胞抽出物を上記のように処理した細胞から調製した。簡単には、ヒトRSFをトリプシン/EDTAで除去して、洗浄し、遠心して収集した。細胞抽出物を上記(Diagnamら、1983;Osbornら、1989)のように調製した。簡単には、インキュベーションの終了時に細胞(1x107細胞)をCa2+およびMg2+不含のPBSで2回洗浄した。得られた細胞ペレットを20μLの緩衝液A(10mMヘペス(pH7.9)、10mMKCl、1.5mMMgCl2、0.5mM)で再懸濁した。
【0059】
IKK−β阻害のヒト単球刺激によるエイコサノイドおよびサイトカイン産生に関する効果を以下のように評価した:上記のようにヘパリン処理した全血液から二重勾配遠心法(double gradient centrifugation)によって単球を単離した。PBMCsに富む単離単球を24ウェル培養プレートにRPMI1640 10%FBS(Hyclone、Logan、Utah)内2x106細胞/mLで2時間付着させて単球数をさらに増加させた。培地を除去して、細胞をRPMI1640で一回洗浄し、1mLRPMI1640 10%FBSをウェルに加えた。試験化合物を最終ビヒクル濃度0.05%のDMSOとともにウェルに加えた。200ng/mLの内毒素(LPS;E.coli血清型026:B6)(Sigma、St.Louis、MO.)を加えて単球を活性化させて24時間インキュベートした。無細胞上清をTNF−α(SBで開発したEIA)、PGE2(Cayman Chemical、Ann Arbor、MI)ならびにIL−8およびIL−6(Biosource International、Camarillo、CA)についてELISAで分析した。細胞の生存可能性はトリパンブルー排除で定量した。
【0060】
IKK−β阻害剤のホルボールエステル誘発炎症に関する効果を以下のように評価した:Balb/cマウスの外耳にホルボールエステル(PMA)を皮膚塗布して誘発させた炎症反応が表皮の多因子炎症細胞浸潤および炎症性変化を試験するのに有用なモデルであることが明らかになった。強度な炎症病変は好中球浸潤で占められ、好中球内に存在するミエロペルオキシダーゼ、アズール好性顆粒酵素の組織濃度を測定することによって容易に計量できる。加えて、炎症反応の全体の強度は耳の厚さを定量して測定できる。Balb/cマウス(n=6/グループ)に薬物処理またはビヒクルさらにPMA(4ug/耳)を投与した。マウスを4時間後に殺し、耳の厚さを定量してNF−κB活性化をIκBウェスタンまたはEMSA分析でモニターした。
【0061】
IKK−βのラットカラゲナン誘発足肢浮腫に関する効果を以下のように評価した:雄ルイス系ラット(Charles Piver−Raleigh、NC)を飼育して食べ物および水を自由に摂取できるようにしておくと、各実験での体重は200ないし275gであった。化合物またはビヒクル(0.5%トラガカント(経口)または10%DMSO、5%DMA、30%クレモフォール(腹腔内))をカラゲナン注入の30分ないし1時間前に投与した。滅菌dH2O(0.05ml/足肢)中1%カラゲナンを右後肢の足底表面に注入して浮腫を誘発した。足肢の体積変化を定量するために、足肢の厚さを化合物またはビヒクルの投与前に測定し、再度3時間後に測定した。ラットをCO2吸入によって殺し、右後肢を除去し、液体窒素で急速冷凍させて分析のために−80℃で保存した。
【0062】
総論
核磁気共鳴スペクトルを250、300または400MHzのいずれかで、各々、Bruker AM250、Bruker ARX300またはBruker AC400分光計を使用して記録した。CDCl3はジュウテリオクロロホルムであって、DMSO−d6はヘキサジュウテリオジメチルスルホキシドであり、CD3ODはテトラジュウテリオメタノールである。化学シフトを内部標準テトラメチルシランからの百万(d)ダウンフィールド(downfield)当たりの部分で表記する。NMRデータに関する省略は以下の通りである:s=シングレット、d=ダブレット、t=トリプレット、q=カルテット、m=マルチプレット、dd=ダブレットのダブレット、dt=トリプレットのダブレット、app=アパレント、br=ブロード。Jはヘルツで測定したNMRカップリング定数を示す。連続波赤外線(IR)スペクトルをPerkin−Elmer683赤外線分光計で記録し、フーリエ変換赤外線(FTIR)スペクトルをNicolet Impact400D赤外線分光計で記録した。IRおよびFTIRスペクトルをトランスミッションモードで記録して、バンド位置を逆波数(cm−1)で表記する。質量スペクトルをVG70FE、PE Syx API III、またはVG ZAB HF装置のいずれかで高速原子衝撃(FAB)または電子射出(ES)イオン化法を使用して計測した。Perkin−Elmer240C元素分析器を使用して元素分析を得た。Thomas−Hoover融点装置で融点を計測したが修正していない。全ての温度は摂氏度で表記される。
【0063】
Analtech Silica Gel GFおよびE.Merck Silica Gel60F−254薄層板を薄層クロマトグラフィーで使用した。閃光および重力クロマトグラフィーの両方をE.Merck Kieselgel60(230−400メッシュ)シリカゲルで行った。
示される場合、その物質はAldrich Chemical社、Milwaukee、Wisconsin、TCI America、Portland、ORから購入した。
【0064】
実施例
以下の合成実施例において、温度は摂氏度(℃)である。特に示されていなければ、すべての開始物質は市販で入手される。さらに詳述しないが、当業者は、上記の説明を使用して、本発明をそのすべてにおいて利用することができると考えられる。下記の実施例は本発明を説明するものであり、その範囲を制限するものではない。本発明者が保留するものに関してはクレームに言及される。
【0065】
実施例1
2−アミノ−5− (4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
a.(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−アセトアルデヒド
PCC(23g、107ミリモル)のCH2Cl2(200mL)中溶液に、2−(4−フルオロフェニル)−エタノール(10g、71.4ミリモル)を30分間にわたって滴下した。得られた暗色溶液を室温で18時間(一夜)攪拌した。エチルエーテル(200mL)を該溶液に添加し、10分間攪拌した。反応混合物をフルオロシルを介して濾過し、減圧下で濃縮して褐色油を得、ついでフラッシュクロマトグラフィーカラム(ヘキサン中10%ないし50%酢酸エチル)により精製し、標記化合物を褐色固体として得た(3.5g、25.4ミリモル)。
【0066】
b.2−アミノ−5− (4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
A.C.Goudieの米国特許第3963750号に記載されるように、2−シアノアセトアミド(2g、24ミリモル)、硫黄(0.77g、24ミリモル)および実施例1aからの(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−アセトアルデヒド(3.3g、24ミリモル)のDMF(10mL)中溶液に、トリエチルアミン(3.3mL、24ミリモル)を滴下した。得られた溶液を室温で18時間(一夜)攪拌した。ついで、反応混合物を氷水(20mL)中に注ぎ、酢酸エチル(3x25mL)に溶かした。有機相をブライン(2x20mL)で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウム上で乾燥させて濃縮した。ついで、該生成物を酢酸エチルから再結晶し、標記化合物を明褐色固体として得た(3g、12.7ミリモル、53%収率)。母液をフラッシュクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン中30%−80%酢酸エチル)を介して精製することによりさらに大きな収率を得ることもできる。LC MS[M+H]+ m/e237。
【0067】
実施例2
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
A.C.Goudieの米国特許第3963750号に記載されるように、実施例1からの化合物(0.01モル)およびピリジン(20mL)の0℃で激しく攪拌した混合物をアセチルクロリド(0.011モル)で滴下処理した。得られた溶液を0℃でさらに30分間攪拌し、ついで冷水中に注いだ。沈殿物を濾過により集め、水で洗浄して乾燥させた。エタノールから再結晶し、標記化合物を得た(90%、融点230−233℃)。
【0068】
実施例3
2−アミノ−5−(4−メチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例1に記載の操作を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルアセトアルデヒドの代わりに4−メチルフェニルアセトアルデヒドを用いて、標記化合物を得た。融点228−230℃。
【0069】
実施例4
2−アミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例1に記載の操作を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルアセトアルデヒドの代わりに4−クロロフェニルアセトアルデヒドを用いて、標記化合物を得た。融点255−257℃。
【0070】
実施例5
2−アミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例1に記載の操作を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルアセトアルデヒドの代わりに3−クロロフェニルアセトアルデヒドを用いて標記化合物を得た。融点190−192℃。
【0071】
実施例5
2−アミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例1に記載の操作を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルアセトアルデヒドの代わりにフェニルアセトアルデヒドを用いて標記化合物を得た。
【0072】
実施例6
2−アセチルアミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例2に記載の操作を用い、ただしアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの代わりに実施例5の化合物を用いて標記化合物を得た。
【0073】
実施例7
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
a.2−アミノ−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
チオアセトアルデヒドおよびシアノアセトアミドのエタノール中混合物をトリエチルアミンと一緒に還流温度で1時間加熱し、その反応物を濾過し、濾過物を酢酸エチルに溶かし、2N NaOHで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥させて蒸発させる。ジエチルエーテルから再結晶し、標記化合物を得る。
【0074】
b.2−アセチルアミノ−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
実施例2に記載の操作を用い、実施例7aからの化合物を無水酢酸とピリジン中で反応させて標記化合物を得る。
【0075】
c.2−アセチルアミノ−5−ブロモ−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
HBr/酢酸中の実施例7bからの化合物を0℃で臭素を用いて処理する。出発物質のすべてが消費されるまで反応を続ける。ついで、反応物を水でクエンチし、中和し、酢酸エチルで抽出する。有機抽出液をチオ硫酸ナトリウムで洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウム上で乾燥させ、蒸発させて標記化合物を得る。
【0076】
d.2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
実施例7c(1当量)、4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸(1当量)、触媒としての(Ph3P)4Pdおよび2M Na2CO3(水性)のトルエン/EtOH(4:1)中混合物を還流温度で24時間加熱する。該混合物を冷却し、層を分離する。水層を酢酸エチルで抽出し、Na2CO3(水性)で洗浄し、MgSO4上で乾燥させて蒸発させる。フラッシュクロマトグラフィーによる精製に付し、標記化合物を得る。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 279。
【0077】
実施例8
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−シアノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに3−シアノフェニルボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 286。
【0078】
実施例9
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ジメチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに4−ジメチルアミノフェニルボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 304。
【0079】
実施例10
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに4−メタンスルホニルフェニルボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 339。
【0080】
実施例11
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール−5yl−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに3,4−メチレンジオキシフェニルボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 305。
【0081】
実施例12
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ヒドロキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに3−ヒドロキシフェニルボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 291。
【0082】
実施例13
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに3−チオフェンボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 267。
【0083】
実施例14
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製
実施例7dの方法を用い、ただし4−フルオロフェニルボロン酸の代わりに2−ナフタレンボロン酸を用い、分取性逆相HPLCに付した後、標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 311。
【0084】
実施例15
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミドの調製 実施例5の化合物を、ピリジン中、メチルイソシアナートと室温で反応させた。蒸発させ、逆相HPLCにより精製して標記化合物を得た。MS(LC/MS)[M+H]+ m/e 276。
【0085】
上記の明細書および実施例は本発明の化合物の製法および使用法を十分に開示している。しかしながら、本発明は上記の特定の具体例に限定するものでなく、あらゆる修正も以下の請求の範囲内に含む。本明細書で引用した雑誌、特許および他の刊行物に関する様々な参照は当業者に公知であって、仮に十分に記載されているとしていても、その出典を明示することにより本明細書の一部とする。[0001]
(Technical field)
The present invention generally relates to methods of inhibiting the pathological activation of transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) using aminothiophene compounds. Such methods are particularly useful for treating diseases associated with NF-κB activation. More specifically, these methods can be used to inhibit IKK-β (IκB kinase-β) phosphorylation of IκB (inhibitory protein κB), which inhibition is followed by degradation of NF-κB dimer And prevent activation. Such methods include inflammation and tissue repair disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and fibrosis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic skin Flame and ultraviolet (UV) -induced skin damage, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, organ organ rejection, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, atherosclerosis, restenosis , Diabetes, glomerulonephritis, cancer, eg, Hodgkin's disease, cachexia, inflammation associated with certain viral infections including infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia. It is useful for treating various diseases associated with NF-κB activation, including.
[0002]
(Prior art)
Recent developments in the scientific research of mediators associated with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer have led to new strategies in the search for effective treatments. Traditional methods involve direct targeted intervention such as the use of specific antibodies, receptor antagonists, or enzyme inhibitors. Recent breakthroughs in the description of the regulatory mechanisms associated with the transcription and translation of various mediators have increased interest in therapeutics directed at gene transcription levels.
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) belongs to a closely related dimeric transcription factor complex family composed of various combinations of the Rel / NF-κB family of polypeptides. This family consists of five separate gene products in mammals, RelA (p65), NF-κB1 (p50 / p105), NF-κB2 (p49 / p100), c-Rel and RelB, all of which are hetero or homologous. Monomers can be formed. These proteins have a highly homologous 300 amino acid "Rel homology region" including DNA binding and dimerization regions. At the C-terminus of the Rel homology region is a nuclear translocation sequence important for the transport of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, p65 and cRel have a strong interactive region at their C-terminus.
[0003]
The activity of NF-κB is regulated by interaction with one of the inhibitory IκB protein families. This interaction effectively blocks the NF-κB protein nuclear localization sequence and inhibits translocation of the dimer to the nucleus. A variety of stimuli activate NF-κB via analogs to multiple signal transduction pathways. Includes bacterial products (LPS), some viruses (HIV-1, HTLV-1), inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1), environmental and oxidative stress and DNA damaging agents. However, clearly common to all stimuli is the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB. IκB is phosphorylated at two N-terminal serines by recently identified IκB kinases (IKK-α and IKK-β). Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicate that these phosphorylations are important for subsequent activation of NF-κB in that once phosphorylated, proteins are degraded and fragmented via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Was done. In the absence of IκB, the active NF-κB complex translocates to the nucleus and can bind in a selective manner to the preferred gene-specific enhancer sequence. Genes regulated by NF-κB include a number of cytokines and chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, acute phase proteins, immunomodulatory proteins, eicosanoid metabolizing enzymes and anti-apoptotic genes.
[0004]
NF-κB is innumerable inflammation including cytokines such as TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM and VCAM, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) It is well known that it plays an important role in regulating the expression of mediator precursors. Such mediators act in the supply of leukocytes to sites of inflammation and, in the case of iNOS, induce organ destruction in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
The importance of NF-κB in inflammatory disorders was further supported by studies of airway inflammation, including asthma, which showed that NF-κB was activated. This activation may be based on increased cytokine production and leukocyte infiltration characteristic of these diseases. In addition, inhaled steroids are known to reduce airway hyperreactivity and suppress inflammatory reactions in asthmatic airways. In light of recent findings on corticosteroid inhibition of NF-κB, these effects could be thought to be mediated through inhibition of NF-κB.
[0005]
Further evidence for a role for NF-κB in inflammatory disorders comes from studies of rheumatoid synovium. Although NF-κB is normally present as a cytoplasmic complex, recent immunohistochemical studies have shown that NF-κB is present in the nucleus, ie, active, in multiple cells, including rheumatoid arthritis. . Furthermore, NF-κB was shown to be activated in human synovial cells in response to TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation. Such explanation is the basic mechanism for increased cytokine and eicosanoid production in this tissue. Roshak, A .; K. J. et al. Biol. Chem. , 271, 31496-31501 (1996). Expression of IKK-β has been demonstrated in synovial cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and gene transfer studies have demonstrated a central role for IKK-β in stimulating inflammatory mediator production in these cells. Aupperele et al. immunology 1999.163: 427-433 and Aupperele et al. See Immunology 2001; 166: 2705-11. More recently, intra-articular administration of a wild-type IKK-β adenovirus construct has been shown to cause paw swelling, while intra-articular administration of dominant-negative IKK-β in rats inhibited adjuvant-induced arthritis. See Taka et al., Arthritis and Rheumismm 2001; 44: 1897-1907.
[0006]
NF-κB / Rel and IκB proteins also appear to play important roles in neoplastic transformation and metastasis. Members of the family have been implicated in cell transformation as a result of overexpression, gene amplification, rearrangement or transposition in vitro and in vivo. In addition, rearrangements and / or amplifications of the genes encoding these proteins are found in 20-25% of human lymphomas. Furthermore, NF-κB is activated by the oncogene ras, which is most commonly deleted in human tumors, and blocking NF-κB activation inhibits ras-mediated cell transformation. In addition, the role of NF-κB in regulating apoptosis has been reported, enhancing the role of this transcription factor in regulating tumor cell growth. TNF, ionizing radiation and DNA damaging agents have all been shown to activate NF-κB and instead up-regulate the expression of some anti-apoptotic proteins. Conversely, inhibition of NF-κB has been shown to enhance apoptotic death by these substances in some tumor cell types. Since this is thought to represent a major mechanism of chemoresistant tumor cells, inhibitors of NF-κB activation would be useful chemotherapeutic agents alone or as an adjunct therapy. Recent reports indicate that NF-κB is an inhibitor of skeletal cell differentiation as well as regulation of cytokine-induced muscle wasting (Guttridge et al., Science; 2000; 289: 2363-2365), and NF-KB as a novel cancer treatment. Supports the potential of -κB inhibitors.
[0007]
Some NF-KB inhibitors are C.I. Wahl et al. Clin. Invest. 101 (5), 1163-1174 (1998); W. Sullivan et al. Med. Chem. 41, 413-419 (1998); W. Pierce et al. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21096-21103 (1997).
The marine natural product hymenialdisine is known to inhibit NF-κB. Roshak, A .; Et al., JPET, 283, 955-961 (1997). Breton, J .; J and Chabot-Fletcher, M .; C. , JPET, 282, 459-466 (1997).
In addition, patent applications have been filed for indole and benzimidazole inhibitors of the IKK complex (see DE 199 28 424 and WO200130774), the natural products staurosporine, quesertin, K252a and K252b being IKK-β inhibitors. (Peet, GW and Li, J, J. Biol. Chem., 274, 32655-32661 (1999) and Wisniewski, D. et al., Analytical Biochem. 274, 220-228 (1999). )reference).
U.S. Pat. No. 3,963,750 describes the preparation of certain aminothiophenes.
[0008]
(Disclosure of the Invention)
The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use in inhibiting the activating transcription factor NF-κB.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for treating diseases that are therapeutically modified by altering the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB.
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a novel compound and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to formula I.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a disease wherein the pathology of the disease is therapeutically modified by inhibiting the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB by IKK-β.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a disease wherein the pathology of the disease is therapeutically modified by inhibiting pathological activation of NF-κB.
[0009]
In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to inflammation and tissue repair disorders, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and fibrosis, dermatological diseases, such as Psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and ultraviolet (UV) -induced skin damage, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tissue organ rejection, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, atheroma Atherosclerosis, restenosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, cancer, eg, inflammation associated with certain viral infections including Hodgkin's disease, cachexia, infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome and capillary Methods for treating various diseases associated with NF-κB activation, including vasodilator ataxia, are provided.
[0010]
(Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention)
The compounds of the present invention have the following formula (I):
Embedded image
[0011]
[In the formula:
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is CONH2Or SO2NH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is aryl or heteroaryl;
R5Is H or alkyl;
R6Is H, CO-C1-6Alkyl, SO2-C1-6Alkyl, CONH-R7, CONH-R8, CSNH-R7, CSNH-R8, SO2NH-R8And SO2NH-R9Selected from the group consisting of:
R7Is H or alkyl; provided that R2Is CONH2And R5Is H7Is a group other than H;
R8Is aryl or heteroaryl; and
R9Is H or alkyl]
Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof.
[0012]
Preferred compounds of the invention are
R3Is H;
R5Is H; and
R6Is CO-C1-6Alkyl, SO2-C1-6Alkyl, CONH-R7And SO2NH-R9Selected from the group consisting of
However, it is a compound.
More preferred compounds are
R6 is CONH-R7Or SO2NH-R9Is
Place.
[0013]
The present invention also provides
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is SO2NH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is aryl or heteroaryl;
R5Is H or alkyl;
R6Is H, CO-C1-6Alkyl, SO2-C1-6Alkyl, CONH-R7, CONH-R8, CSNH-R7, CSNH-R8, SO2NH-R8And SO2NH-R9Selected from the group consisting of:
R7Is H or alkyl;
R8Is aryl or heteroaryl; and
R9Is H or alkyl
Including the compound.
[0014]
Another embodiment of the present invention is:
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is CONH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is aryl or heteroaryl;
R5Is H or alkyl;
R6Is SO2-C1-6Alkyl, SO2NH-R8Or SO2NH-R9And;
R8Is aryl or heteroaryl; and
R9Is H or alkyl
However, it is a compound.
[0015]
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is:
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is CONH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl (excluding 4-pyridyl);
R5Is alkyl;
R6Is H, CO-C1-6Alkyl, SO2-C1-6Alkyl, CONH-R7, CONH-R8, CSNH-R7And CSNH-R8Selected from the group consisting of:
R7Is H or alkyl;
R8Is aryl or heteroaryl; and
R9Is H or alkyl
However, it is a compound.
[0016]
Compounds useful in this embodiment include:
2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) -amino] -5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide; and
5-phenyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) -amino] -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
Is included.
[0017]
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is:
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is CONH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is selected from aryl (excluding unsubstituted phenyl) or heteroaryl (except 4-pyridyl);
R5Is H;
R6Is CONH-R7, CONH-R8, CSNH-R7And CSNH-R8Selected from the group consisting of:
R7Is H (R5Is H) or alkyl; and
R8Is aryl or heteroaryl
Including the compound.
[0018]
Compounds useful in this embodiment include:
2- (3-isopropyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-thioureido) -5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-propyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl) -2-ureido-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
Is included.
[0019]
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is:
R1Is NR5R6And;
R2Is CONH2And;
R3Is H or halogen;
R4Is aryl (excluding unsubstituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with one or two halogen or methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy) or heteroaryl (excluding 4-pyridyl);
R5Is H;
R6Is CO-C1-6Is alkyl
Including the compound.
[0020]
Compounds useful in this embodiment include:
5-acetylamino- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-cyano-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-amino-4-methyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-4'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-acetylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
Is included.
[0021]
The present invention further provides a preferred method of treating a disease associated with NF-κB activation, wherein the subject in need thereof is
2-amino-5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-methoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) -amino] -5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-phenyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) -amino] -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
[0022]
2-acetylamino-5- (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-cyano-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-amino-4-methyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3; 4-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
[0023]
2-acetylamino-5-benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,4-dichloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,4-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-dichloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-isopropyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
[0024]
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-4'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-acetylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-thioureido) -5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-propyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-amino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
[0025]
2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; and
5- (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl) -2-ureido-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
A method comprising administering one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of:
[0026]
More preferred compounds useful in the present invention are
2-acetylamino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide; and
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
Selected from the group consisting of:
[0027]
The present invention relates to disorders of inflammation and tissue repair, especially rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and fibrosis, dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic Dermatitis and ultraviolet (UV) -induced skin damage, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tissue organ rejection, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, atherosclerosis, relapse Stenosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, cancer such as Hodgkin's disease, cachexia, inflammation associated with infection and certain viral infections including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia And methods for treating various diseases associated with NF-κB activation, including:
[0028]
Definition
The present invention includes all hydrates, solvates, conjugates and prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention. Prodrugs are multiple covalent compounds that release the active parent drug according to Formulas I and II in vivo. When alternative forms of chiral or isomeric centers are present in compounds of the present invention, all such forms, including isomers, enantiomers and diastereomers, are intended to be included herein. Compounds of the invention containing a chiral center may be used as a racemic mixture, an enantiomerically enriched mixture, or the racemic mixture may be separated using known techniques and the individual enantiomers used alone. Where a compound has an unsaturated carbon-carbon double bond, both the cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers are within the scope of the invention. Where the compounds exist in tautomeric forms, such as keto-enol tautomers, each tautomer is included in the present invention, whether present in equilibrium or one form predominantly present. Think of things.
Unless otherwise specified, the meaning of any one substituent in formula I or a subformula thereof is independent of its meaning where otherwise, i.e., the meaning of any other substituent.
[0029]
The term "alkyl" as used herein refers to an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group connected by one carbon-carbon bond. The alkyl hydrocarbon group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and may be saturated or unsaturated. The substituent of the alkyl which may be substituted is aryl, OH, O-alkyl, CO, halogen, CF3, And OCF3Selected from the group consisting of:
As used herein, the term "aryl" refers to an optionally substituted aromatic group containing at least one ring having a conjugated pi-electron system containing up to two conjugated or fused ring systems. Aryl refers to carbocyclic aryl and diaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted. The substituent is halogen, C1-4Alkyl, NH2, OCF3, CF3, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, CN, CHO, SO2-Alkyl and NO2Selected from the group consisting of:
[0030]
As used herein, the term "heteroaryl" refers to at least a conjugated pi-electron system containing up to two conjugated or fused ring systems and 1-3 heteroatoms selected from O, S and N. Refers to an optionally substituted aromatic group having one ring. Heteroaryl includes carbocyclic heteroaryl, aryl-heteroaryl, and diheteroarylaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted. Preferred aryls are phenyl and naphthyl. More preferred aryls include phenyl. Preferred substituents are halogen, C1-4Alkyl, NH2, OCF3, CF3, O-alkyl, S-alkyl, CN, CHO, SO2-Alkyl and NO2Selected from the group consisting of: Examples of heteroaryl rings are pyrrole, furan, thiophene, indole, isoindole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, benzothiophene, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinolidine, pyrazole, imidazole, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, Including pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.
As used herein, the term "halogen" refers to F, Cl, Br, and I.
[0031]
Manufacturing method
Compounds of the present invention can be readily prepared by the methods described in Schemes 1-8 below. General solution preparation of aminothiophene carboxamide is described in AC. U.S. Pat. No. 3,963,750 to Goudie, which is incorporated herein by reference, which is described below and in Scheme 1. Alternatives are described below and in the scheme. The general preparation of the corresponding sulfonamides is outlined in Scheme 3 or 4. The general preparation of a thiophene carboxamidourea or thiourea analog is described in Scheme 5, and the general preparation of a thiophene sulfonamide urea or thiourea analog is described in Scheme 6. The general preparation of thiophenecarboxamidosulfonylurea analogs is described in Scheme 7, and the general preparation of thiophenesulfoxyamidosulfonylurea analogs is described in Scheme 8.
[0032]
General preparation:
Using the procedure of US Pat. No. 3,963,750, triethylamine is added to a mixture of cyanoacetamide and sulfur in DMF at 40-45 ° C., and the resulting solution is treated with arylacetaldehyde to give aminothiophene. The resulting aminothiophene is reacted with an acid anhydride or acid chloride in pyridine to give the corresponding amide (Scheme 1). Treatment of the amine with a sulfonyl chloride in pyridine gives the corresponding sulfonamide (Scheme 1). Alternatively, K. H. Weber and H.W. Using the method of Daniel (Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1979, 328-333), cyanoacetamide and mercaptoacetaldehyde are reacted with triethylamine in ethanol at reflux temperature to give aminothiophene. Br of protected aminothiophene in aqueous buffer2Is performed to give 5-bromothiophene, which is reacted with various boronic acids to give the corresponding 5-arylthiophene analogs (Scheme 2). The corresponding sulfonamide can be prepared starting from cyano sulfonamide (prepared according to the method described in US Pat. No. 2,978,482) (Scheme 3 and 4). Reaction of an aminothiophene carboxamide with an alkyl or aryl isocyanate or isothiocyanate gives the corresponding alkyl or aryl urea or thiourea (Scheme 5). The aminothiophene sulfonamide analog is reacted with an alkyl or aryl isocyanate or isothiocyanate to give the corresponding alkyl or aryl urea or thiourea (Scheme 6). The aminothiophene sulfonamide analog is reacted with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or chlorosulfonyl thioisocyanate, followed by quenching with water to give the corresponding primary urea or thiourea (Scheme 6). The aminothiophene carboxamide is reacted with aminosulfonyl chloride to give the corresponding sulfonylurea (Scheme 7). The aminothiophene sulfonamide analog is reacted with aminosulfonyl chloride to give the corresponding sulfonylurea (Scheme 8).
[0033]
Scheme 1
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[0034]
Scheme 2
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[0035]
Scheme 3
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[0036]
Scheme 4
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[0037]
Scheme 5
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[0038]
Scheme 6
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[0039]
Scheme 7
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[0040]
Scheme 8
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[0041]
With reference to the preparation of compounds of Formula I described in Schemes 1-8 above, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention includes all novel intermediates required to make compounds of Formula I. right.
The starting materials used herein are either commercially available or prepared by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art. The method is described in COMPENDIUM OF ORGANIC SYNTHETIC METHODS, Vol. It can be found in basic reference books such as I-VI (published by Wiley-Interscience).
The acid addition salt of the compound of formula I may be prepared in a suitable solvent with the parent compound and hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid or methanesulfonic acid. Prepared by standard techniques from excess acid, such as Some of the compounds form acceptable internal salts or zwitterions. Cationic salts are prepared by treating the parent compound with an excess of an alkaline reagent, such as a hydroxide, carbonate or alkoxide, containing the appropriate cation; or with a suitable organic amine. Li+, Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++And NH4 +Cations such as are specific examples of cations in pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Halides, sulfates, phosphates, alkanates (eg, acetate and trifluoroacetate), benzoates, and sulfonates (eg, mesylate) are examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salt anions.
[0042]
The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. Thus, the compounds of formula I will be used in the manufacture of a medicament. Pharmaceutical compositions of the compound of formula I, prepared as described below, will be formulated as a solution or lyophilized powder for parenteral administration. The powder may be reconstituted with a suitable diluent or other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier before use. Liquid formulations will be buffers, isotonic and aqueous solutions. Examples of suitable diluents are normal saline, standard 5% dextrose in water or sodium or ammonium buffer. Such formulations are particularly suitable for parenteral administration, but may be used for oral administration or contained as an inhaler in a metered dose inhaler or nebulizer. It may be desirable to add excipients such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, hydroxycellulose, gum acacia, polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sodium chloride or sodium citrate.
[0043]
Alternatively, these compounds may be encapsulated, tableted, or prepared in an emulsifier or syrup for oral administration. A pharmaceutically acceptable solid or liquid carrier may be added to facilitate or stabilize the composition, or to facilitate preparation of the composition. Solid carriers include starch, lactose, calcium sulfate dihydrate, terra alba, magnesium or stearic acid, talc, pectin, acacia, agar gum or gelatin. Liquid carriers include syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, saline and water. The carrier will also include a sustained release material alone or with a wax, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate. The amount of solid carrier varies but, preferably, will be from about 20 mg to about 1 g per unit dose. Pharmaceutical preparations in the case of tablets are carried out in accordance with conventional techniques of pharmacy, including grinding, mixing, granulating and compressing; or in hard gelatin capsules, grinding, mixing and encapsulation. If a liquid carrier is used, the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, elixir, emulsifier or aqueous or non-aqueous suspension. Such a liquid formulation can be administered directly orally or enclosed in a soft gelatin capsule.
[0044]
For rectal administration, the compounds of the invention may also be combined with excipients such as cocoa butter, glycerin, gelatin or polyethylene glycols and formed into suppositories.
The methods of the present invention include topical inhalation and intracolonic administration of a compound of Formula I. Topical administration means non-systemic administration, which includes applying the compound of the present invention externally to the epidermis, to the oral cavity, and instilling the compound into the ear, eye and nose, in which the compound is significantly Does not enter the bloodstream. Systemic administration means oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal and intramuscular administration. The amount of a compound of the invention required for therapeutic or preventive effect with respect to topical administration (described below as the active ingredient) will, of course, vary with the compound selected, the type and severity of the disease being treated and the animal being treated, At the discretion of the consulting physician.
While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone as the raw chemical, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical formulation. The active ingredient may comprise from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of the formulation for topical administration.
[0045]
The topical formulations of the present invention include the active ingredient with one or more acceptable carriers, for both domestic and human medicine, and may include certain other therapeutic ingredients. The carrier must be "acceptable" in the sense that it is compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and must not be harmful to the recipient.
Formulations suitable for topical administration are: liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin, such as liniments, lotions, creams, ointments or pastes, to the area in need of treatment; and eyes, ears or nose Contains drops suitable for administration to
Drops of the present invention include sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions, wherein the active ingredient is dissolved in a suitable fungicide and / or fungicide and / or some other suitable preservative. It will be prepared and preferably contains a surfactant. The resulting solution may be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable container, then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at 90-100 ° C for 30 minutes. Alternatively, the solution may be sterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by aseptic technique. Examples of fungicides and fungicides suitable for drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%), benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%). Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution include glycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.
[0046]
Lotions of the present invention include those suitable for application to the skin or eyes. Ophthalmic lotions will contain a sterile aqueous solution which may contain a bactericide and will be prepared in a manner similar to the preparation of drops. Lotions or liniments for application to the skin may also contain substances that speed drying and cool the skin, such as alcohol or acetone, and / or humectants such as glycerol or oils such as castor oil or peanut oil. It may be.
The cream, ointment or paste of the present invention is a semi-solid formulation for external application of the active ingredient. They are prepared by mixing the active ingredients in finely divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension in aqueous or non-aqueous fluids, with an oily or non-oily base using suitable machines. Would. Bases are hydrocarbons such as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, metallic soaps; demulcents; natural oils such as almonds, corn, peanuts, castor or olive oil; wool fat or derivatives thereof, or stearic acid. Or they may contain fatty acids such as oleic acid along with alcohol such as propylene glycol or macrogol. The formulation will include some suitable surfactant such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionic surfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivative. It may also contain natural gums, suspending agents for inorganic substances such as cellulose derivatives or silica, and other components such as lanolin.
[0047]
(Use of the present invention)
The compounds of formula I are useful as inhibitors of IKK-beta kinase phosphorylation of IKB and are inhibitors of NF-KB activation. The methods of the present invention utilize the compositions and formulations of the compounds described above, and include the pharmaceutical compositions and formulations of the compounds described above.
The invention is particularly directed to a method of treating a disease associated with inappropriate NF-κB activation, comprising administering to an animal, particularly a mammal, most preferably a human, in need of one or more compounds of formula I. I will provide a. The invention is particularly useful for inflammation and tissue repair disorders, especially rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and fibrosis, skin diseases such as psoriasis, Atopic dermatitis and ultraviolet (UV) -induced skin damage, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tissue organ rejection, Alzheimer's disease, seizures, atherosclerosis Restenosis, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, cancer, eg, Hodgkin's disease, cachexia, inflammation associated with certain viral infections including infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult respiratory distress syndrome and telangiectasia Provide a treatment for ataxia.
[0048]
For acute treatment, parenteral administration of one or more compounds of Formula I is useful. Intravenous infusion of the compound in 5% dextrose water or normal saline, or a similar formulation with appropriate excipients, is most effective, but an intramuscular bolus injection is also useful. Typically, parenteral dosages will range from about 0.01 to about 50 mg / day in a method that maintains plasma drug concentrations at a concentration effective to inhibit IKK-beta and subsequent NF-κB activation. kg; preferably between 0.1 and 20 mg / kg. The compound is administered one to four times daily at a level to achieve a total daily dose of about 0.4 to 80 mg / kg / day. The exact amount of the compound used in the methods of the invention having therapeutic effect, and the best route by which the compound will be administered, is determined in the art by comparing the blood levels of the substance to the concentrations required to have a therapeutic effect. It is easily quantified with the technology described above.
[0049]
The compound of formula I may also be used in such a way that the drug concentration is sufficient to inhibit IKK-beta and subsequent activation of NF-κB or to achieve any of the other indications as disclosed herein. May be administered orally to the patient. Typically, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound is administered at an oral dosage of about 0.1 to about 50 mg / kg in a manner tailored to the condition of the patient. Preferably, the oral dose will be from about 0.5 to about 20 mg / kg.
The compound of formula I may also be used in such a way that the drug concentration is sufficient to inhibit IKK-beta and subsequent activation of NF-κB or to achieve any of the other indications as disclosed herein. May be administered locally to the patient. Typically, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound will be administered in a topical formulation from about 0.01% to about 5% w / w.
When a compound of the present invention is administered in accordance with the present invention, no unacceptable toxic effects are expected.
[0050]
The inhibitory effect of the compounds described herein on NF-κB is demonstrated as an inhibitory effect of IKK-β on the phosphorylation of the N-terminal fragment of IκB-α (see Table 1 in the Examples). These compounds also inhibit IκB-α degradation and nuclear translocation in human monocytes and other mammalian cells for activation of cells by pro-inflammatory stimuli (eg, TNF-α, LPS, etc.). In addition, these compounds inhibit inflammatory mediator precursor production from LPS-stimulated human monocytes and stimulated human synovial fibroblasts. The use of the NF-κB inhibitors of the present invention for the treatment of diseases presupposes the importance of NF-κB in various diseases.
NF-κB is a cytokine such as TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 (Mukaida et al., 1990; Liberman and Baltimore, 1990; Matsusaka et al., 1993), cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM and VCAM ( Marui et al., 1993; Kawai et al., 1995; Ledebur and Parks, 1995), and in regulating the expression of a number of inflammatory mediator precursors, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Xie et al., 1994; Adcock et al., 1994). Plays an important role. (The entire reference citation is at the end of this section). Such mediators are known to act in the supply of leukocytes to sites of inflammation, and in the case of iNOS, induce organ destruction in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (McCartney-Francis et al., 1993; Kleemannn). Et al., 1993).
[0051]
Evidence for an important role of NF-κB in inflammatory disorders has been obtained in studies of asthmatics. Bronchial biopsies obtained from mild atopic asthma are compared to biopsies from normal non-atopic controls when activated NF-κB, total NF-κB, and NF-κB regulation such as GM-CSF and TNFα Submucosal tissue staining for cytokines shows a marked increase in cell number (Wilson et al., 1998). In addition, the proportion of blood vessels expressing NF-κB immunoreactivity is increasing in the epithelium of biopsy specimens, as well as IL-8 immunoreactivity (Wilson et al., 1998). Thus, inhibition of IL-8 production by inhibition of NF-κB would be considered beneficial in airway inflammation as demonstrated by these compounds.
Recent studies have shown that NF-κB also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Activated NF-κB is found in colon biopsy specimens from patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Ardite et al., 1998; Rogler et al., 1998; Schreiber et al., 1998). Activation has been confirmed on inflammatory mucosa but not on non-inflammatory mucosa (Ardite et al., 1998; Rogler et al., 1998) and is associated with increased IL-8 mRNA expression at the same site (Ardite et al., 1998). Furthermore, corticosteroid treatment strongly inhibits intestinal NF-κB activation and reduces colonic inflammation (Ardite et al., 1998; Schreiber et al., 1998). Again, inhibition of IL-8 production by inhibition of NF-κB would be considered beneficial in airway inflammation as demonstrated by these compounds.
[0052]
Animal models of gastrointestinal inflammation provide further support for NF-κB as a key regulator of colon inflammation. Increased NF-κB activity is observed in lamina propria macrophages of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) -induced colitis in mice, and p65 is a major component of the activation complex (Neurath et al. , 1996; Neuroth and Petersson, 1997). The signs of chronic colitis disappear in animals treated by topical administration of antisense p65 without signs of toxicity (Neurath and Petersson, 1997). Thus, small molecule inhibitors of NF-κB would be useful in treating IBD.
Further evidence for a role for NF-κB in inflammatory disorders came from studies of rheumatoid synovium. Although NF-κB is normally present as an inactive cytoplasmic complex, recent immunohistochemistry studies have shown that NF-κB has been associated with human rheumatoid arthritis (Handel et al., 1995; Marok et al., 1996; Sioud et al., 1998) and the aforementioned diseases. In animal models (Tsao et al., 1997). Staining has been associated with type A synovial cells and vascular endothelial cells (Marok et al., 1996). In addition, synovial cells in which structural activation of NF-κB was cultured (Roshak et al., 1996; Miyazawa et al., 1998) and in synovial cell cultures stimulated with IL-1β or TNFα (Roshak et al., 1996; Fujisawa et al. 1996; Roshak et al., 1997). Thus, activation of NF-κB is based on increased cytokine production and leukocyte infiltration characteristic of inflamed synovium. The ability of these compounds to inhibit NF-κB and subsequently inhibit the production of inflammatory mediator precursors (eg, cytokines and prostanoids) by these cells would be advantageous in rheumatoid arthritis.
[0053]
Biological analysis:
The compounds of the present invention will be tested in one of several biological assays to quantify the concentration of the compound required to have certain pharmacological effects.
NF-κB activity will also be measured in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) to assess the presence of NF-κB protein in the nucleus. 1x10 cells of interest6Incubate to a density of / mL. Cells are harvested by centrifugation and Ca2+And Mg2+Wash with PBS without2+And Mg2+1x10 in PBS containing7Resuspend in cells / ml. To test the effect of compounds on NF-κB activation, cell suspensions were treated with different concentrations of drug or vehicle (DMSO, 0.1%) for 30 minutes at 37 ° C., followed by another 15 minutes of TNF-κB. Stimulate with α (5.0 ng / mL). Cell and nuclear extracts are prepared as follows. Briefly, at the end of the incubation, cells (1 × 107Cells)2+And Mg2+Wash twice with PBS free. The resulting cell pellet is resuspended in 20 μL of buffer A (10 mM HEPES (pH 7.9), 10 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2, 0.5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 0.1% NP40) and placed on ice for 10 minutes Incubate with The nuclei are pelleted by microcentrifugation at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. The resulting supernatant was collected as a cell extract and the nuclear pellet was treated with 15 μL of Buffer C (20 mM Hepes (pH 7.9), 0.42 M NaCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2, 25% glycerol, 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, And 0.5 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The suspension is gently mixed for 20 minutes at 4 ° C and subjected to microcentrifugation at 14000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. The supernatant is collected and diluted with 60 μL of Buffer D (20 mM Hepes pH 7.9, 50 mM KCl, 20% glycerol, 0.2 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, and 0.5 mM PMSF). All samples are stored at -80 C until analysis. The protein concentration of the extract is quantified with BioRad reagent according to the method of Bradford.
[0054]
The effect of the compound on transcription factor activation is assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using extracts from cells treated as described above. The duplex NF-κB consensus oligonucleotide (5′-AGTTGAGGGGACTTTCCCAGGC-3 ′) was converted to T4 polynucleotide kinase and [g-32P] Label with ATP. The binding mixture (25 uL) contained 10 mM Hepes-NaOH (pH 7.9), 4 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9), 60 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol, 0.3 mg / mL bovine serum albumin, and 1 ug. Poly (dI-dC) Contains poly (dI-dC). 0.5 ng of the binding mixture (10 ug nuclear extract protein)32Incubate with P-labeled oligonucleotide (50,000-100,000 cpm) with and without unlabeled competitor for 20 minutes at room temperature, then mix the mixture on a 4% polyacylamide gel prepared in 1 × trisborate / EDTA. Run for 2 hours at 200V. After electrophoresis, the gel is dried and exposed to film for detection of the binding reaction.
[0055]
The effect of the compound on the phosphorylation of IκB can be monitored by Western blot. The cell extract was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a 10% gel (BioRad, Hercules, Calif.) To convert the protein to a nitrocellulose sheet (Hybondtm-ECL, Amersham, Arlington Heights, USA). IL). A polyclonal rabbit antibody against IκBα or IκBβ is further subjected to immunoblot assay using a peroxidase-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Amersham, Arlington Heights, Ill.). Immunoreactive bands are detected using an amplified chemiluminescence (ECL) assay system (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL).
[0056]
The assay for IκB kinase was performed as follows: IKK-α was expressed as a hexahistidine-tagged protein in baculovirus-infected insect cells and purified through a Ni-NTA affinity column. Assay buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.7, 2 mM MgCl 2) containing different concentrations of compound or DMSO vehicle and ATP as indicated (Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ)2, 10 mM β-glycerin phosphate, 10 mM NaF, 10 mM PNPP, 0.3 mM Na3VO4Kinase activity was assayed using 50 ng of purified protein in 1 mM benzamidine, 2 μMPMSF, 10 μg / ml aprotinin, 1 ug / mL leupeptin, 1 ug / mL pepstatin, 1 mM DTT). 200 ng of IκB-GST (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA) was added and the reaction was started in a total volume of 50 μL. After the reaction was continued for 1 hour at 30 ° C., the reaction was stopped by adding EDTA to a final concentration of 20 mM. Dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay using a IκB-α-phosphate (Ser32) antibody (Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland) and an Eu3 + -labeled anti-rabbit IgG (Wallac Oy, Turku, Finland). Activity was quantified. Plates were read on a VICTOR 1420 multilabel counter (Wallec) using the standard europium protocol (excitation 340 nm, emission 615 nm; fluorescence measured 400 μs then 400 μs later). Data is expressed in fluorescence (cps) units.
[0057]
IKK-β was expressed as a GST-labeled protein, and its activity was evaluated in a 96-well scintillation proximity assay (SPA). Briefly, different concentrations of compound or DMSO vehicle, 240 nMATP and 200 nCi [γ-33Assay buffer IKK-β was diluted with assay buffer (final 20 nM) as described above, along with [P] -ATP (10 mCi / mL, 2000 Ci / mmol; NEN Life Science Products, Boston, MA). A biotinylated peptide containing 15-46 amino acids of IκB-α (American Peptide) was added to a final concentration of 2.4 μM, and the reaction was started in a total volume of 50 μL. After incubating the samples for 1 hour at 30 ° C., 150 uL of stop buffer (PBSw / oCa2 +, Mg2 +, 0.1% Triton X) containing 0.2 mg streptavidin-coated SPA PVT beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ). -100 (v / v), 10 mM EDTA). The samples were mixed, incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature, centrifuged (1000 × g, 2 minutes) and measured on a Hewlett-Packard TopCount.
[0058]
The effect of the IKK-β inhibitor on primary synovial fibroblast mediator production was evaluated as follows: Synovium from an adult patient with rheumatoid arthritis as described above (Roshak et al., 1996b) was enzymatically digested to produce human RSF. A primary medium was obtained. In Earl's Minimal Essential Medium (EMEM) containing 10% calf serum (FBS), 100 units / ml penicillin and 100 μg / ml streptomycin (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY) at 37 ° C. and 5 ° C. % CO2The cells were cultured in. Culture media from passages 4 to 9 were used to obtain a more uniform type B fibroblast count. In some experiments, fibroblasts were plated at 5 × 10 4 cells / mL in 16 mm (diameter) 24-well plates (Costar, Cambridge, Mass.). Cells (70-80% confluent) were exposed to IL-1β (1 ng / mL) (Genzyme, Cambridge, Mass.) For a predetermined time. Drug in DMSO vehicle (1%) was added to the cell medium 15 minutes before adding IL-1. Experiments were performed 3-4 times using synovial cells from different donors. RSF cell extracts were prepared from cells treated as described above. Briefly, human RSF was removed with trypsin / EDTA, washed, and collected by centrifugation. Cell extracts were prepared as described above (Diagnam et al., 1983; Osborn et al., 1989). Briefly, at the end of the incubation, cells (1 × 107Cells)2+And Mg2+Washed twice with PBS free. The obtained cell pellet is mixed with 20 μL of buffer A (10 mM Hepes (pH 7.9), 10 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2).2, 0.5 mM).
[0059]
The effects of IKK-β inhibition on eicosanoid and cytokine production upon human monocyte stimulation were evaluated as follows: Monocytes were isolated from heparinized whole blood as described above by double gradient centrifugation (double gradient centrifugation). did. PBMCs-enriched isolated monocytes were plated in 24-well culture plates at 2 × 10 4 in RPMI 1640 10% FBS (Hyclone, Logan, Utah).6Monocytes were further increased by attachment at cells / mL for 2 hours. The medium was removed, the cells were washed once with RPMI 1640, and 1 mL RPMI 1640 10% FBS was added to the wells. Test compounds were added to the wells with a final vehicle concentration of 0.05% DMSO. Monocytes were activated with 200 ng / mL endotoxin (LPS; E. coli serotype 026: B6) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO.) And incubated for 24 hours. Cell-free supernatants were analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α (EIA developed at SB), PGE2 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, Mich.) And IL-8 and IL-6 (Biosource International, Camarillo, Calif.). Cell viability was quantified by trypan blue exclusion.
[0060]
The effects of IKK-β inhibitors on phorbol ester-induced inflammation were evaluated as follows: the inflammatory response induced by dermal application of phorbol ester (PMA) to the outer ear of Balb / c mice was a multifactorial inflammation of the epidermis It proved to be a useful model for testing cell invasion and inflammatory changes. Strong inflammatory lesions are occupied by neutrophil infiltration and can be easily quantified by measuring the tissue concentration of myeloperoxidase, azulophil granulase present in neutrophils. In addition, the overall intensity of the inflammatory response can be measured by quantifying ear thickness. Balb / c mice (n = 6 / group) received drug treatment or vehicle plus PMA (4 ug / ear). Mice were sacrificed after 4 hours and ear thickness was quantified and NF-KB activation was monitored by IKB Western or EMSA analysis.
[0061]
The effect of IKK-β on rat carrageenan-induced paw edema was assessed as follows: Male Lewis rats (Charles River-Raleigh, NC) were maintained with free access to food and water. The weight in each experiment was between 200 and 275 g. Compounds or vehicle (0.5% tragacanth (oral) or 10% DMSO, 5% DMA, 30% cremophor (ip)) were administered 30 minutes to 1 hour before carrageenan infusion. Sterilized dH2Edema was induced by injecting 1% carrageenan in O (0.05 ml / paw) into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw. To quantify changes in paw volume, paw thickness was measured before administration of compound or vehicle and again 3 hours later. Rat CO2They were killed by inhalation, the right hind limb was removed, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ° C for analysis.
[0062]
General remarks
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at either 250, 300 or 400 MHz using a Bruker AM250, Bruker ARX300 or Bruker AC400 spectrometer, respectively. CDCl3 is deuteriochloroform, DMSO-d6 is hexadeuteriodimethylsulfoxide, and CD3OD is tetradeuteriomethanol. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (d) downfield from the internal standard tetramethylsilane. Abbreviations for NMR data are as follows: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, m = multiplet, dd = doublet of doublet, dt = doublet of triplet, app = apparent, br = Broad. J indicates the NMR coupling constant measured in Hertz. Continuous wave infrared (IR) spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 683 infrared spectrometer, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded on a Nicolet Impact 400D infrared spectrometer. The IR and FTIR spectra were recorded in transmission mode and the band position was set to the inverse wavenumber (cm-1). Mass spectra were measured using fast atom bombardment (FAB) or electron ejection (ES) ionization on either a VG70FE, PE Syx API III, or VG ZAB HF instrument. Elemental analysis was obtained using a Perkin-Elmer 240C elemental analyzer. Melting points were measured on a Thomas-Hoover melting point apparatus but were not corrected. All temperatures are given in degrees Celsius.
[0063]
Analtech Silica Gel GF and E.I. Merck Silica Gel 60F-254 lamina was used for thin layer chromatography. Both flash and gravity chromatography were performed using E. coli. Performed on Merck Kieselgel 60 (230-400 mesh) silica gel.
Where indicated, the material was purchased from Aldrich Chemical, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, TCI America, Portland, OR.
[0064]
Example
In the following synthesis examples, temperatures are in degrees Celsius (° C.). Unless otherwise indicated, all starting materials are commercially available. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention in all thereof. The following examples illustrate the invention and do not limit its scope. Reference is made to the claims as to what the inventor reserves.
[0065]
Example 1
Preparation of 2-amino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
a. (4-fluoro-phenyl) -acetaldehyde
To a solution of PCC (23 g, 107 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (200 mL) was added 2- (4-fluorophenyl) -ethanol (10 g, 71.4 mmol) dropwise over 30 minutes. The resulting dark solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours (overnight). Ethyl ether (200 mL) was added to the solution and stirred for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through fluorosil and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil, which was then purified by flash chromatography column (10% to 50% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give the title compound as a brown solid ( 3.5 g, 25.4 mmol).
[0066]
b. Preparation of 2-amino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
A. C. 2-cyanoacetamide (2 g, 24 mmol), sulfur (0.77 g, 24 mmol) and (4-fluoro-phenyl) -acetaldehyde from Example 1a as described in US Pat. No. 3,963,750 to Goudie. To a solution of 3.3 g (24 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added dropwise triethylamine (3.3 mL, 24 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours (overnight). The reaction mixture was then poured into ice water (20mL) and dissolved in ethyl acetate (3x25mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (2 × 20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The product was then recrystallized from ethyl acetate to give the title compound as a light brown solid (3g, 12.7mmol, 53% yield). Greater yields can also be obtained by purifying the mother liquor via flash chromatography (30% -80% ethyl acetate in hexane). LC MS [M + H] + m / e 237.
[0067]
Example 2
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
A. C. A vigorously stirred mixture of the compound from Example 1 (0.01 mol) and pyridine (20 mL) at 0 ° C. is added dropwise with acetyl chloride (0.011 mol) as described in US Pat. No. 3,963,750 to Goudie. Processed. The resulting solution was stirred at 0 ° C. for a further 30 minutes and then poured into cold water. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried. Recrystallization from ethanol gave the title compound (90%, mp 230-233 ° C).
[0068]
Example 3
Preparation of 2-amino-5- (4-methyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained using the procedure described in Example 1, except that 4-methylphenylacetaldehyde was used instead of 4-fluorophenylacetaldehyde. 228-230 ° C.
[0069]
Example 4
Preparation of 2-amino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained using the procedure described in Example 1, except that 4-chlorophenylacetaldehyde was used instead of 4-fluorophenylacetaldehyde. 255-257 ° C.
[0070]
Example 5
Preparation of 2-amino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained using the procedure described in Example 1, but using 3-chlorophenylacetaldehyde instead of 4-fluorophenylacetaldehyde. 190-192 ° C.
[0071]
Example 5
Preparation of 2-amino-5-phenyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained using the procedure described in Example 1, except that phenylacetaldehyde was used in place of 4-fluorophenylacetaldehyde.
[0072]
Example 6
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained using the procedure described in Example 2, but using the compound of Example 5 in place of amino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide.
[0073]
Example 7
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
a. 2-amino-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
A mixture of thioacetaldehyde and cyanoacetamide in ethanol was heated at reflux with triethylamine for 1 hour, the reaction was filtered, the filtrate was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with 2N NaOH, and dried over magnesium sulfate. Allow to evaporate. Recrystallize from diethyl ether to obtain the title compound.
[0074]
b. 2-acetylamino-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
Using the procedure described in Example 2, react the compound from Example 7a with acetic anhydride in pyridine to give the title compound.
[0075]
c. 2-acetylamino-5-bromo-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The compound from Example 7b in HBr / acetic acid is treated at 0 ° C. with bromine. Continue the reaction until all of the starting material has been consumed. The reaction is then quenched with water, neutralized and extracted with ethyl acetate. Wash the organic extract with sodium thiosulfate, dry over magnesium sulfate and evaporate to give the title compound.
[0076]
d. 2-acetylamino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
Example 7c (1 equivalent), 4-fluorophenylboronic acid (1 equivalent), (Ph3P)4Pd and 2M Na2CO3The mixture in (aqueous) toluene / EtOH (4: 1) is heated at reflux for 24 hours. Cool the mixture and separate the layers. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, Na2CO3(Aqueous), washed with MgSO4Dry on top and evaporate. Purification by flash chromatography gives the title compound. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 279.
[0077]
Example 8
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (3-cyano-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 3-cyanophenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 286.
[0078]
Example 9
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 4-dimethylaminophenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 304.
[0079]
Example 10
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 4-methanesulfonylphenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 339.
[0080]
Example 11
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5-benzo [1,3] dioxole-5yl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d except that 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 305.
[0081]
Example 12
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5- (3-hydroxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 3-hydroxyphenylboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 291.
[0082]
Example 13
Preparation of 5-acetylamino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 3-thiophenboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 267.
[0083]
Example 14
Preparation of 2-acetylamino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide
The title compound was obtained after preparative reverse phase HPLC using the method of Example 7d, except that 2-naphthaleneboronic acid was used instead of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 311.
[0084]
Example 15
Preparation of 2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide The compound of Example 5 was reacted with methyl isocyanate in pyridine at room temperature. Evaporated and purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the title compound. MS (LC / MS) [M + H] + m / e 276.
[0085]
The above specification and examples fully disclose how to make and use the compounds of the present invention. However, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and all modifications are within the scope of the following claims. Various references to journals, patents, and other publications cited herein are known to those of skill in the art, and even if fully described, may be incorporated herein by reference. Department.
Claims (26)
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2またはSO2NH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5はHまたはアルキルであり;
R6はH、CO−C1−6アルキル、SO2−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7、CSNH−R8、SO2NH−R8およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択され;
R7はHまたはアルキルである;ただし、R2がCONH2およびR5がHである場合、R7はH以外の基であり;
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9はHまたはアルキルである]
で示される化合物またはその医薬上許容される塩、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を投与することを含む、方法。A method of inhibiting IKK-β phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IκB, wherein the effective amount of formula (I) is in a patient in need thereof.
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is CONH 2 or SO 2 NH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is aryl or heteroaryl;
R 5 is H or alkyl;
R 6 is H, CO—C 1-6 alkyl, SO 2 —C 1-6 alkyl, CONH—R 7 , CONH—R 8 , CSNH—R 7 , CSNH—R 8 , SO 2 NH—R 8 and SO Selected from the group consisting of 2 NH-R 9 ;
R 7 is H or alkyl; provided that when R 2 is CONH 2 and R 5 is H, R 7 is a group other than H;
R 8 is aryl or heteroaryl; and R 9 is H or alkyl.
Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof.
R5がHであって;および
R6がCO−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択されるところの、請求項1記載の化合物。R 3 is H;
R 5 is a H; and R 6 is CO-C 1-6 alkyl, where is selected from the group consisting of CONH-R 7 and SO 2 NH-R 9, a compound according to claim 1.
2−アミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−メトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−[(ピリジン−3−イルメチル)−アミノ]−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−フェニル−2−[(ピリジン−4−イルメチル)−アミノ]−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−トリフルオロメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−シアノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ジメチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−トリフルオロメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−アミノ−4−メチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3;4−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール−5−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メチルスルファニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3,4−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,4−ジクロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ブロモ−2−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ヒドロキシメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,4−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジクロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2−ブロモ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−イソプロピル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−4’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−アセチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−チオウレイド)−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−プロピル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;および
5−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−ウレイド−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群から選択されるところの、請求項1記載の方法。The compound is
2-amino-5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-methoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) -amino] -5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-phenyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) -amino] -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-cyano-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-amino-4-methyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3; 4-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,4-dichloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-bromo-2-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,4-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-dichloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2-bromo-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-isopropyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-4′-methyl- [2,2 ′] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-acetylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-thioureido) -5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-propyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-amino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-amino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; and 5- (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl) -2-ureido-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide The method of claim 1, wherein the method is selected from the group consisting of:
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(2,3−ジフルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;および
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群より選択されるところの、請求項4記載の方法。The compound is
2-acetylamino-5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (2,3-difluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 ′] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide; and 2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is selected from a group.
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はSO2NH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5はHまたはアルキルであり;
R6はH、CO−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7、CSNH−R8、SO2NH−R8およびSO2NH−R9からなる群から選択され;
R7はHまたはアルキルであり;
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9はHまたはアルキルである]
で示される化合物。The following formula (I):
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is SO 2 NH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is aryl or heteroaryl;
R 5 is H or alkyl;
R 6 is from the group consisting of H, CO—C 1-6 alkyl, CONH—R 7 , CONH—R 8 , CSNH—R 7 , CSNH—R 8 , SO 2 NH—R 8 and SO 2 NH—R 9 Selected;
R 7 is H or alkyl;
R 8 is aryl or heteroaryl; and R 9 is H or alkyl.
A compound represented by the formula:
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであって;
R5はHまたはアルキルであり;
R6はSO2NH−R8またはSO2NH−R9であり;
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9はHまたはアルキルである]
で示される化合物。The following formula (I):
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is CONH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is aryl or heteroaryl;
R 5 is H or alkyl;
R 6 is SO 2 NH—R 8 or SO 2 NH—R 9 ;
R 8 is aryl or heteroaryl; and R 9 is H or alkyl.
A compound represented by the formula:
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリールおよびヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)からなる群より選択され;
R5はアルキルであり;
R6はH、CO−C1−6アルキル、CONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7、およびCSNH−R8からなる群から選択され;
R7はHまたはアルキルであり;
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールであり;および
R9はHまたはアルキルである]
で示される化合物。The following formula (I):
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is CONH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is selected from the group consisting of aryl and heteroaryl (excluding 4-pyridyl);
R 5 is alkyl;
R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H, CO—C 1-6 alkyl, CONH—R 7 , CONH—R 8 , CSNH—R 7 , and CSNH—R 8 ;
R 7 is H or alkyl;
R 8 is aryl or heteroaryl; and R 9 is H or alkyl.
A compound represented by the formula:
5−フェニル−2−[(ピリジン−4−イルメチル)−アミノ]−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群より選択される、請求項21記載の化合物。2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl) -amino] -5-p-tolyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; and 5-phenyl-2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl) -amino] -thiophen-3 22. The compound of claim 21, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of carboxamides.
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリール(置換されていないフェニルを除く)またはヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)から選択され;
R5はHであり;
R6はCONH−R7、CONH−R8、CSNH−R7およびCSNH−R8からなる群から選択され;
R7はH(R5がHである場合を除く)またはアルキルであり;および
R8はアリールまたはヘテロアリールである]
で示される化合物。The following formula (I):
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is CONH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is selected from aryl (excluding unsubstituted phenyl) or heteroaryl (except 4-pyridyl);
R 5 is H;
R 6 is selected from the group consisting of CONH-R 7 , CONH-R 8 , CSNH-R 7 and CSNH-R 8 ;
R 7 is H (except when R 5 is H) or alkyl; and R 8 is aryl or heteroaryl]
A compound represented by the formula:
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−チオウレイド)−5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−プロピル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−エチル−ウレイド)−5−フェニル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−クロロ−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(2−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−(3−メチル−チオウレイド)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−(3−メチル−ウレイド)−5−p−トリル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;および
5−(3−クロロ−4−フルオロ−フェニル)−2−ウレイド−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド
からなる群より選択される、請求項22記載の化合物。2- (3-isopropyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; 5- (3-chloro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-thioureido) -5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-propyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-ethyl-ureido) -5-phenyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-chloro- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (2-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-ureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (4-fluoro-phenyl) -2- (3-methyl-thioureido) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5- (3-methyl-ureido)-[2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2- (3-methyl-ureido) -5-p-tolyl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; and 5- (3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl) -2-ureido-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid amide 23. The compound of claim 22, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
R1はNR5R6であって;
R2はCONH2であり;
R3はHまたはハロゲンであり;
R4はアリール(置換されていないフェニル、1または2個のハロゲンまたはメチル、トリフルオロメチル、メトキシで置換されたフェニルを除く)またはヘテロアリール(4−ピリジルを除く)であり;
R5はHであり;
R6はCO−C1−6アルキルである]
で示される化合物。The following formula (I):
R 1 is NR 5 R 6 ;
R 2 is CONH 2 ;
R 3 is H or halogen;
R 4 is aryl (excluding unsubstituted phenyl, 1 or 2 halogen or methyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl substituted with methoxy) or heteroaryl (excluding 4-pyridyl);
R 5 is H;
R 6 is CO—C 1-6 alkyl]
A compound represented by the formula:
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−シアノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ジメチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メタンスルホニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−アミノ−4−メチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ベンゾ[1,3]ジオキソール−5−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−メチルスルファニル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3,4−ジメトキシ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ヒドロキシメチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−[2,3’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−4’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
5−アセチルアミノ−5’−メチル−[2,2’]ビチオフェニル−4−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−ナフタレン−2−イル−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−アセチルアミノ−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(4−エチル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド;および
2−アセチルアミノ−5−(3−ホルミル−フェニル)−チオフェン−3−カルボン酸アミド.
からなる群より選択される、請求項12記載の化合物。5-acetylamino- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-cyano-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-dimethylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methanesulfonyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-amino-4-methyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-benzo [1,3] dioxol-5-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-methylsulfanyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (3-hydroxymethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino- [2,3 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-4′-methyl- [2,2 ′] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
5-acetylamino-5'-methyl- [2,2 '] bithiophenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5-naphthalen-2-yl-thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-acetylamino-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide;
2-acetylamino-5- (4-ethyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide; and 2-acetylamino-5- (3-formyl-phenyl) -thiophen-3-carboxylic acid amide.
13. The compound according to claim 12, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US23975900P | 2000-10-12 | 2000-10-12 | |
PCT/US2001/031866 WO2002030353A2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2001-10-12 | NF-λB INHIBITORS |
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Family
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EP (1) | EP1324759A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004523476A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002211663A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002030353A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006510676A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2006-03-30 | スミスクライン・ビーチャム・コーポレイション | NF-κB inhibitor |
JP2008513500A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2008-05-01 | グラクソ グループ リミテッド | Chemical substance |
JP2011527680A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-11-04 | メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション | JANUS kinase inhibitors |
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GB0003154D0 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2000-04-05 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Novel compounds |
JP4285602B2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2009-06-24 | アムジェン インコーポレイテッド | Anti-inflammatory agent |
SE0102616D0 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Astrazeneca Ab | Novel compounds |
SE0102617D0 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2001-07-25 | Astrazeneca Ab | Novel compounds |
ES2315430T3 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2009-04-01 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | NF-KB INHIBITORS. |
EP1444010A2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2004-08-11 | Pharmacia Corporation | Heteroaromatic carboxamide derivatives for the treatment of inflammation |
AR037641A1 (en) | 2001-12-05 | 2004-11-17 | Tularik Inc | INFLAMMATION MODULATORS |
AU2003240935A1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-22 | Smithkline Beecham Corporation | Nf-kb inhibitors |
US7375131B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2008-05-20 | Smithklinebeecham Corp. | NF-κB inhibitors |
WO2004041285A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-21 | Amgen Inc. | Antiinflammation agents |
SE0300092D0 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2003-01-15 | Astrazeneca Ab | Novel compounds |
SE0300091D0 (en) | 2003-01-15 | 2003-01-15 | Astrazeneca Ab | Novel compounds |
EP1660474B1 (en) | 2003-08-15 | 2008-10-29 | AstraZeneca AB | Substituted thiophenes and uses thereof |
WO2005060711A2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-07-07 | Elixir Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of treating a disorder |
CN100584840C (en) * | 2004-01-05 | 2010-01-27 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | Substituted heterocyclic compounds and uses thereof |
PE20060373A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2006-04-29 | Smithkline Beecham Corp | 3-PIPERIDINYL-7-CARBOXAMIDE-INDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF IKK2 KINASE ACTIVITY |
KR20080021077A (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2008-03-06 | 스미스클라인 비참 코포레이션 | Chemical compounds |
US8063071B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2011-11-22 | GlaxoSmithKline, LLC | Chemical compounds |
AR065804A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2009-07-01 | Smithkline Beecham Corp | COMPOSITE OF INDOL CARBOXAMIDE, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT AND USE OF THIS COMPOUND TO PREPARE A MEDICINAL PRODUCT |
EP2166846B1 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2012-10-17 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Inhibitors of janus kinases |
US11969501B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2024-04-30 | Dompé Farmaceutici S.P.A. | Auris formulations for treating otic diseases and conditions |
BRPI0910850B1 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2022-06-14 | Otonomy, Inc. | INTRATYMPANIC COMPOSITION INCLUDING BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC GROWTH FACTOR (BDNF) FOR THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF HEARING LOSS |
EP2406249A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2012-01-18 | Glaxo Group Limited | Indole derivatives as ikk2 inhibitors |
JP2012176930A (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-09-13 | Santen Pharmaceut Co Ltd | Novel jak3 inhibitor containing, as active ingredient, thiophene derivative having ureido group and aminocarbonyl group as substituents |
EP2520292A1 (en) | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-07 | Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH | Use of spirangiens for the treatment or prevention of IL-8 or IL-6 mediated disorders |
EP3478269A4 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2020-04-08 | Otonomy, Inc. | Triglyceride otic formulations and uses thereof |
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GB1468012A (en) * | 1973-08-09 | 1977-03-23 | Beecham Group Ltd | 2-amino-3-carboxy-thiophene derivatives |
JP3236683B2 (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 2001-12-10 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Dye for thermal transfer and thermal transfer sheet |
JPH06143838A (en) * | 1992-11-06 | 1994-05-24 | Sankyo Kagaku Kk | Dye for thermal transfer recording |
PT853083E (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 2001-12-28 | Pfizer | COMPOSITION OF PYRIDILFURANE AND PYRIDYLTHOPHENE AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL UTILIZATION |
GB0003154D0 (en) * | 2000-02-12 | 2000-04-05 | Astrazeneca Uk Ltd | Novel compounds |
US6414013B1 (en) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-07-02 | Pharmacia & Upjohn S.P.A. | Thiophene compounds, process for preparing the same, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same background of the invention |
-
2001
- 2001-10-12 WO PCT/US2001/031866 patent/WO2002030353A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-12 JP JP2002533800A patent/JP2004523476A/en active Pending
- 2001-10-12 AU AU2002211663A patent/AU2002211663A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-10-12 EP EP01979731A patent/EP1324759A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2006510676A (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2006-03-30 | スミスクライン・ビーチャム・コーポレイション | NF-κB inhibitor |
JP2008513500A (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2008-05-01 | グラクソ グループ リミテッド | Chemical substance |
JP2011527680A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2011-11-04 | メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション | JANUS kinase inhibitors |
Also Published As
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WO2002030353A2 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
AU2002211663A1 (en) | 2002-04-22 |
EP1324759A4 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
WO2002030353A3 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
EP1324759A2 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
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