JP2004506548A - Method for producing multilayer product having fluororesin layer and elastomer layer - Google Patents
Method for producing multilayer product having fluororesin layer and elastomer layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004506548A JP2004506548A JP2002521014A JP2002521014A JP2004506548A JP 2004506548 A JP2004506548 A JP 2004506548A JP 2002521014 A JP2002521014 A JP 2002521014A JP 2002521014 A JP2002521014 A JP 2002521014A JP 2004506548 A JP2004506548 A JP 2004506548A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- fluororesin
- elastomer
- curable
- die
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- IJTAKAGEJXIJPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)Cl IJTAKAGEJXIJPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0013—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die
- B29C48/0015—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die
- B29C48/0016—Extrusion moulding in several steps, i.e. components merging outside the die producing hollow articles having components brought in contact outside the extrusion die using a plurality of extrusion dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/06—Rod-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
- B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
- B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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- B29C48/304—Extrusion nozzles or dies specially adapted for bringing together components, e.g. melts within the die
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L2011/047—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with a diffusion barrier layer
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
多層製品のVDF含有フッ素樹脂層とエラストマー層との間の接合強さを向上させる方法。VDF含有フッ素樹脂組成物が、硬化性エラストマー層を有する前駆製品の表面に適用されてフッ素樹脂層が形成される。フッ素樹脂組成物が適用される前に、硬化性エラストマー層の実質的な加熱を防止する目的でこの層が断熱される。適用後、フッ素樹脂層が加熱され、硬化性エラストマー層が硬化される(例えば、熱硬化)。好ましくは、エラストマーの硬化は、フッ素樹脂層の加熱の後に加熱とは独立して実施される。フッ素樹脂組成物の適用前の硬化性エラストマー層の断熱と、フッ素樹脂組成物の適用後のフッ素樹脂層の加熱とを併用することによって、フッ素樹脂と硬化されたエラストマー層ととの間に強い接合が形成される。A method for improving the bonding strength between a VDF-containing fluororesin layer and an elastomer layer of a multilayer product. The VDF-containing fluororesin composition is applied to the surface of a precursor product having a curable elastomer layer to form a fluororesin layer. Before the fluororesin composition is applied, this layer is insulated to prevent substantial heating of the curable elastomer layer. After application, the fluororesin layer is heated and the curable elastomer layer is cured (eg, thermoset). Preferably, the curing of the elastomer is performed independently of the heating after the heating of the fluororesin layer. By using both the heat insulation of the curable elastomer layer before the application of the fluororesin composition and the heating of the fluororesin layer after the application of the fluororesin composition, a strong bond is formed between the fluororesin and the cured elastomer layer. A bond is formed.
Description
【0001】
技術分野
本発明は、フッ素樹脂層およびエラストマー層を有する多層製品を製造する工程に関する。
【0002】
背景
フッ素含有ポリマー(「フルオロポリマー」としても知られている)は商業的に有用な種類の材料である。フルオロポリマーとしては、例えば、架橋フルオロエラストマー、および半結晶質またはガラス質フッ素樹脂が挙げられる。一般にフッ素樹脂は熱安定性が高く、高温で特に有用である。これらは、非常に低い温度で優れた靭性および可撓性を示す場合もある。これらのフッ素樹脂の多くは、多種多様の溶剤に関してほとんど完全に不溶性であり、一般には耐薬品性である。これらは、非常に低い誘電損失と高い絶縁耐力を有する場合もあり、特有の非接着性および低摩擦特性を有する場合もある。例えば、F.W.Billmeyer,Textbook of Polymer Science,3d ed.,pp.398−403,John Wiley & Sons,New York(1984)を参照されたい。
【0003】
フルオロエラストマー(特に、フッ化ビニリデンと、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンなどの他のエチレン系不飽和ハロゲン化モノマーとのコポリマー)は、シール、ガスケット、およびライニングなどの高温用途に特に有用である。例えば、R.A.Brullo,「Fluoroelastomer Rubber for Automotive Applications」,Automotive Elastomer & Design,June 1985、「Fluoroelastomer Seal Up Automotive Future」,Materials Engineering,October 1988、ならびにW.M.Grootaertら,「Fluorocarbon Elastomers」,Kirk−Othmer,Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology,vol.8,pp.990−1005(4th ed.,John Wiley & Sons,1993)を参照されたい。
【0004】
フルオロポリマーを含有する多層構造体には多くの工業用途がある。このような構造体は、例えば、燃料ラインのホースおよび関連の容器、ならびに化学処理分野のホースまたはガスケットで有用であることが分かっている。揮発性燃料の規格の重要性が高まったことで、燃料補給口、燃料供給ライン、燃料タンク、ならびにエンジンの燃料または蒸気回収システムの他の構成要素などの自動車構成要素からの燃料または燃料蒸気の透過を最小限にする向上したバリア性を有する燃料システムの構成要素の必要性が生じている。これらの問題に対処するために種々のチュービングが提案されている。
【0005】
多層製品の層間の接着は、最終製品の用途に依存した種々の性能規格に適合させることが必要となりうる。しかしながら、これらの層のうちの1層がフルオロポリマーの場合、高い接合強さを得ることは困難な場合が多い。この問題に対処するため種々の方法が提案されている。その方法の1つは、フルオロポリマー層と第2のポリマー層との間に接着層または結合層を使用することである。溶蝕やコロナ放電などによるフルオロポリマー層の表面処理も、接着性の向上のために使用されている。フッ化ビニリデンから誘導される共重合単位を含有するフルオロポリマーの場合、塩基などの脱フッ化水素剤へのフルオロポリマーの曝露、ならびにポリアミン試薬のフルオロポリマー表面への適用あるいはフルオロ自体への混入が行われる。
【0006】
概要
本発明は、多層製品のフッ素樹脂層とエラストマー層との間の接合強さを向上させる方法に関する。エラストマーはフルオロエラストマーの場合もあるし、非フッ素化エラストマーの場合もある。本発明の方法によると、好ましくはクロスヘッドダイから溶融状態の組成物を押出コーティングすることによって、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)から誘導される共重合単位を含むフッ素樹脂組成物が、硬化性エラストマー層を含む前駆物品の表面に適用され、フッ素樹脂層が形成される。好ましくは、エラストマー層の表面に組成物が直接適用される。フッ素樹脂組成物を適用する前に、実質的な加熱を防止するため硬化性エラストマー層は断熱される。溶融したフッ素樹脂組成物がクロスヘッドダイによって押出コーティングされる実施態様の1つでは、ダイ上流端の内部に少なくとも一部が配置されるようにスリーブをダイに取り付けて、フッ素樹脂組成物を適用する前の硬化性エラストマー層を受け入れ断熱することによって断熱が行われる。
【0007】
適用後、フッ素樹脂層が加熱され、硬化性エラストマー層の硬化(好ましくは熱硬化)が行われる。好ましくは、エラストマーの硬化はフッ素樹脂層の加熱とは独立して行われ、フッ素樹脂層の加熱の後に行われる。フッ素樹脂組成物の適用前の硬化性エラストマー層の断熱と、フッ素樹脂組成物の適用後のフッ素樹脂層の加熱とを組み合わせることによって、表面処理や独立した接着層などの接着性の促進がなくとも、フッ素樹脂と硬化したエラストマー層との間に強い接合が形成される。例えば、少なくとも15N/cmの接合強さを達成可能である。
【0008】
この方法により製造される多層製品は、シート、フィルム、容器、ホース、管などの多種多様な形状で提供することができる。これらの製品は、耐薬品性 および/または バリア性が必要となる場合に特に有用である。これらの製品の具体的な用途の例としては、剛性および可撓性の再帰反射シートへの使用、接着テープなどの接着製品、塗料交換フィルム、抵抗抑制フィルム、燃料ラインおよび補給口ホース、排気操作ホース、燃料タンクなどが挙げられる。本発明の製品は、化学物質の取り扱いおよび加工用途、ならびにワイヤやケーブルの被覆剤またはジャケットへの使用にも有用である。
【0009】
本発明の1つ以上の実施態様の詳細を、添付の図面および以下の説明で示す。本発明のその他の特徴、目的、および利点は、説明および図面、ならびに請求項から明らかとなるであろう。
【0010】
種々の図面の同様の参照記号は同様の要素を示している。
【0011】
詳細な説明
図1を参照すると、エラストマー層に接合したフッ素樹脂層を特徴とする多層製品の製造方法の実施態様の1つが示されている。押出機20によって、硬化性エラストマー組成物がダイ21から押し出され、硬化性エラストマー層を有するある長さのチュービング22が形成される。押出機20の下流にありクロスヘッドダイ25が取り付けられた第2の押出機23によって、溶融フッ素樹脂層が硬化性エラストマー層の表面にコーティングされる。ダイ25の上流の開口部に部分的に挿入されたテトラフルオロエチレンスリーブなどのプラスチック(または他の断熱性材料)スリーブ24は、チュービング22を受け取り、押出コーティングの前にそのチュービングを断熱することによって、フッ素樹脂を適用する前の硬化性エラストマー層の実質的な加熱を防止する。フッ素樹脂が適用される前に実質的な加熱がないことによって、硬化後にフッ素樹脂とエラストマー層との間に強い接合が形成される。フッ素樹脂に適用される前に硬化性エラストマーが冷却されることが望ましい場合もある。これは、例えば、蒸発によって除去可能な溶剤で硬化性エラストマー層を処理するなどによって実現可能である。
【0012】
押出コーティングの後、得られる多層製品27は硬化性エラストマー層上に付着したフッ素樹脂層を特徴とし、チューブ式ヒーター28に入り、フッ素樹脂層が加熱される。有用なチューブ式ヒーターの一例は輻射ヒーターである。加熱工程中、熱はヒーター28からフッ素樹脂層に伝達され、続いてフッ素樹脂層から内部に向かって硬化性エラストマー層に伝達される。この加熱工程によって、硬化後にフッ素樹脂とエラストマー層との間の強い接合が形成されると考えられる。加熱作業後、冷却浴29への浸漬などによって多層製品を冷却してもよい。
【0013】
エラストマー層は、ヒーター28によって硬化させることもできるし、あるいは好ましくは冷却浴29に浸漬する前または後のいずれかに加圧および高温における独立した段階で硬化させることもできる。例えば、冷却浴29中で製品を冷却し、適当な寸法の断片に切断し、続いてオートクレーブ中などの加圧下でそれぞれの断片を加熱し、硬化性エラストマー層を硬化させることが望ましい場合がある。
【0014】
好ましくはフッ素樹脂は、押出コーティングが可能な材料である。このようなフッ素樹脂は溶融温度が通常約100〜約330℃の範囲であり、より好ましくは約150〜約270℃の範囲である。これらのフッ素樹脂はVDFから誘導される共重合単位を含み、他のフッ素含有モノマー、フッ素非含有モノマー、またはそれらの組合せから誘導される共重合単位をさらに含む場合もある。好適なフッ素含有モノマーの例としては、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)、3−クロロペンタフルオロプロペン、過フッ素化ビニルエーテル(例えば、CF3OCF2CF2CF2OCF=CF2などのペルフルオロアルコキシビニルエーテル、ならびにCF3OCH=CF2やCF3CF2CF2OCF=CF2などのペルフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル)、ならびにペルフルオロジアリルエーテルやペルフルオロ−1,3−ブタジエンなどのフッ素含有ジオレフィンが挙げられる。好適なフッ素非含有モノマーの例としては、エチレンやプロピレンなどのオレフィンモノマーが挙げられる。
【0015】
VDF含有フッ素樹脂は、Sulzbachらの米国特許第4,338,237号(この記載内容を本明細書に援用する)に記載のような乳化重合法を使用して調製可能である。有用な市販のVDF含有フッ素樹脂としては、例えば、THV 200、THV 400、THV 500G、THV 610Xフルオロポリマー(Dyneon LLC(St.Paul,MN)より入手可能)、KYNAR 740フルオロポリマー(Atochem North America(Philadelphia,PA)より入手可能)、HYLAR 700(Ausimont USA,Inc.(Morristown,NJ)より入手可能)、およびFLUOREL FC−2178(Dyneon LLCより入手可能)が挙げられる。
【0016】
特に有用なフッ素樹脂は、少なくともTFEおよびVDFから誘導される共重合単位を含み、VDFの量は少なくとも0.1重量%で、20重量%未満である。好ましくは、VDFの量は3〜15重量%の範囲であり、より好ましくは10〜15重量%の範囲である。
【0017】
硬化性エラストマーは、フルオロエラストマーでもよいし、あるいは非フッ素化エラストマーでもよい。好適なフルオロエラストマーの例としてはVDF−HFPコポリマー、VDF−HFP−TFEターポリマー、TFE−プロピレンコポリマーなどが挙げられる。好適な非フッ素化エラストマーの例としては、アクリロニトリルブタジエン(NBR)、ブタジエンゴム、塩素化およびクロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、クロロプレン、エチレン−プロピレンモノマー(EPM)ゴム、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエンモノマー(EPDM)ゴム、エピクロロヒドリン(ECO)ゴム、ポリイソブチレン、ポリイソプレン、ポリスルフィド、ポリウレタン、シリコーンゴム、ポリ塩化ビニルとNBRの混合物、スチレンブタジエン(SBR)ゴム、エチレン−アクリレートコポリマーゴム、およびエチレン−酢酸ビニルゴムが挙げられる。市販のエラストマーとしては、NipolTM 1052 NBR(Zeon Chemical(Louisville,KY))、HydrinTM C2000エピクロロヒドリン−エチレンオキシドゴム(Zeon Chemical(Louisville,KY))、HypalonTM 48クロロスルホン化ポリエチレンゴム(E.I.DuPont de Nemours & Co.(Wilmington,DE))、NordelTM EPDM(R.T.Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.(Norwalk,CT))、VamacTMエチレン−アクリレートエラストマー(E.I.DuPont de Nemours & Co.(Wilmington,DE))、KrynacTM NBR(Bayer Corp.(Pittsburgh,PA))、PerbunanTM NBR/PVC混合物(Bayer Corp.(Pittsburgh,PA))、TherbanTM 水素化NBR(Bayer Corp.(Pittsburgh,PA))、ZetpolTM水素化NBR(Zeon Chemical(Louisville,KY))、SantopreneTM熱可塑性エラストマー(Advanced Elastomer Systems(Akron,OH))、およびKeltanTM EPDM(DSM Elastomers Americas(Addis,LA))が挙げられる。
【0018】
硬化を促進するために硬化剤を硬化性エラストマーと混合することが好ましい。有用な硬化剤の例としては、米国特許第4,287,322号(Worm)(この記載内容を本明細書に援用する)で検討されているようなイミダゾリン類、ジアミン類、ジアミンの両性塩、チオ尿素、およびポリフェノール硬化剤が挙げられる。これらの物質は、エピクロロヒドリン組成物の場合に特に有用である。ニトリルゴム含有組成物の硬化に特に有用である他の例としては、過酸化化合物および硫黄含有化合物が挙げられる。
【0019】
硬化性フルオロエラストマーの場合、有用な硬化剤の例としては、ポリオールと有機オニウム塩(例えば、有機アンモニウム塩、有機ホスホニウム塩、および有機スルホニウム塩)の併用が挙げられる。具体例は、例えばFukushiの米国特許第5,658,671号、「Fluoroelastomer Coating Composition」に記載されており、この記載内容を本明細書に援用する。ジアミン類および過酸化物も有用である。
【0020】
本発明の多層製品は、別のポリマー層も含むことができる。好適なポリマー層の例としては、非フッ素化ポリマー、例えば、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリウレタン、ポリオレフィン、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリカーボネート、ポリケトン、ポリ尿素、ポリアクリレート、およびポリメチルメタクリレートが挙げられる。熱可塑性フッ素樹脂層、フルオロエラストマー層、およびエラストマー層の間の接着性は、エラストマー層が外部層であり、フッ素樹脂層が中間層であり、フルオロエラストマー層が内部層である3つの押出層を段階的に硬化させることによって向上させることができる。
【0021】
燃料用途に特に有用な構造体は、バリア層と機能するフッ素樹脂の比較的薄い層の一面がカバーストックとして機能する非フッ素化ポリマーの比較的厚い層と接合し、反対側の面がシール機能を果たす比較的薄いエラストマー層(例えば、フルオロエラストマーまたは非フッ素化エラストマー)と接合することを特徴とする。カバーストックは製品に構造的完全性を付与する。構造的完全性を向上させるために、繊維、メッシュ、および/またはワイヤスクリーンなどの補強材を、例えば独立した層として、あるいは存在する層の一部として多層製品に組み込むことができる。
【0022】
多層製品の個々の層のいずれかあるいはすべての層は、1種類以上の添加剤をさらに含んでもよい。有用な添加剤の例としては、顔料、可塑剤、粘着付与剤、充填剤、導電性材料(例えば、米国特許第5,552,199号に記載される種類のもの)、電気絶縁材料、安定剤、酸化防止剤、潤滑剤、加工助剤、衝撃緩和剤、粘度調整剤、およびそれらの組合せが挙げられる。例えば、前述の燃料用途の多層製品の場合、構造体の最内層が導電性であると有用なことが多い。
【0023】
場合によっては、多層製品の個々の層の間の接合強さをさらに向上させることが望ましいこともある。例えば、硬化後の製品に、さらに熱や圧力、またはその両方を加えることができる。
【0024】
層の間の接合強さを向上させる別の方法は、多層製品を形成する前に1つ以上の層の表面処理をする方法である。このような表面処理として、溶剤を使用した溶液処理を挙げることができる。溶剤が1,8−ジアザ[5.4.0]ビシクロウンデク−7−エン(DBU)などの塩基を含有する場合、フルオロポリマーを処理することである程度の脱フッ化水素が起こる。このような脱フッ化水素は、後に適用される材料の接着性を向上させるために有益となりうる。後に適用される材料が不飽和部位と反応性のある任意の物質を含有する場合に特に有益である。
【0025】
表面処理の別の例としては、コロナ放電処理またはプラズマ処理などの帯電雰囲気処理が挙げられる。電子ビーム処理も有用である。
【0026】
層間の接着は、脂肪族ジアミンまたはポリアミンなどの物質を使用して向上させることもできる。アミンは、使用した場合に多層製品の層間の接着接合強さを向上させるのであれば任意の分子量のものであってよい。特に有用なポリアミンは、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーで測定した分子量が約1,000以上のポリアリルアミンである。有用な市販のポリアミンの一例は、Nitto Boseki Co.,Ltd.より入手可能な分子量約3,000のポリアリルアミンである。
【0027】
アミンは、製品を形成する前の多層製品の1つ以上の層に、溶融混合などの従来手段を使用して導入することができる。あるいは、吹き付け、カーテンコーティング、浸漬コーティング、浸漬塗装などの従来のコーティング法を使用して1つ以上の層の表面にアミンを適用することもできる。
【0028】
以下の実施例によって本発明をより詳細に説明する。
【0029】
実施例
以下の実施例では、エラストマー層と接合したフッ素樹脂層を特徴とした種々の多層製品の製造について説明する。各実施例において、エラストマーは、以下の成分を組み合わせて調製したフルオロエラストマーであった:100部のDyneon FE−5830Qフルオロエラストマー(Dyneon LLC(St.Paul,MN)より市販される)、13部のN−762カーボンブラック(Cabot Corp.(Alpharetta,GA)より市販される)、6部の水酸化カルシウムHP(C.P.Hall(Chicago,IL)より市販される)、3部の酸化マグネシウム(Morton International(Danvers,MA)より商品名「ElastomagTM 170」で市販される)、および6部の酸化カルシウムHP(C.P.Hall(Danvers,MA)より市販される)。この組成物を押出して、外径12mmで肉厚が0.33mmの管の形状にフルオロエラストマーを成形した。
【0030】
実施例1
ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)スリーブを取り付けたクロスヘッドダイを使用して、溶融フッ素樹脂組成物をフルオロエラストマー管の表面上にコーティングした。このフッ素樹脂は、76重量%のTFE、11重量%のHFP、および13重量%のVDFを特徴とするTFE−HFP−VDFターポリマーであった。このフッ素樹脂のメルトフローインデックスは7であり融点は233℃であった。PTFEスリーブは、フッ素樹脂の適用前のフルオロエラストマー表面の加熱を防止した。
【0031】
フッ素樹脂組成物の適用後、得られた多層製品が冷却される前に、220℃に設定した長さ15.2cmのチューブ式ヒーターに通して製品を加熱した(フッ素樹脂の表面温度は140℃であった)。冷却後、製品をより小さな試料に切断し、それらは鋼製マンドレルに取り付け、オートクレーブ中で蒸気を使用して温度160℃および圧力0.4MPaで60分間熱硬化させた。硬化後、試料をオートクレーブから取り出し、室温まで冷却した。
【0032】
各試料のフルオロエラストマーコアからフッ素樹脂外部層の幅7mmのストリップを切り離して接着試験用のタブを形成することによって、硬化した試料の剥離接着力を評価した。フッ素樹脂層の厚さは0.3mmであった。Instron Corp.より入手可能なInstron(登録商標)Model 1125試験機をクロスヘッド速度100mm/分に設定し、これを試験装置として使用した。剥離角が90°であったことを除きASTM D 1876(T−Peel Test)に準拠してフッ素樹脂層とフルオロエラストマー層との間の剥離強さを測定した。2つの試料の結果の平均を求めた。平均値を表1に示す。
【0033】
実施例2
フッ素樹脂がDyneon LLC(St.Paul,MN)より商品名「THV−500」で市販されるTFE−HFP−VDFターポリマーであったことを除き、実施例1の手順に従った。剥離接着試験結果を表1に示す。
【0034】
比較例C−1
PTFEスリーブを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1の手順に従った。剥離接着試験結果を表1に示す。
【0035】
比較例C−2
ヒーターを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1の手順に従った。剥離接着試験結果を表1に示す。
【0036】
比較例C−3
PTFEスリーブもヒーターも使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1の手順に従った。剥離接着試験結果を表1に示す。
【0037】
【表1】
【0038】
表1の結果は、フッ素樹脂組成物の適用前に硬化性エラストマー層を断熱し、さらにフッ素樹脂組成物を硬化性エラストマー層に適用した後でフッ素樹脂層を加熱することによって、独立した接着性向上手段を使用しなくても、硬化後の層間接着力が向上した多層製品が得られることを示している。
【0039】
別の実施例の組では、多層管は、フルオロエラストマーの内部層と、熱可塑性フッ素樹脂バリア層の中間層と、エラストマーまたはゴムまたは熱可塑性エラストマーの外部層とを有する。
【0040】
実施例3
実施例3では、PTFEスリーブを取り付けたクロスヘッドダイを使用して、押出成形したフルオロエラストマー管(外径16mm、肉厚1mm)の上にTHV−500をコーティングした。スリーブは、フルオロエラストマー表面の加熱を防止した。管の製造のためのフルオロエラストマー化合物の処方を表2に示す。
【0041】
【表2】
【0042】
フッ素樹脂組成物の適用後、得られた多層製品が冷却される前に220℃に設定した長さ15.2cmのチューブ式ヒーターに通して製品を加熱し(フッ素樹脂の表面温度は140℃であった)、続いて冷却した。フッ素樹脂がコーティングされたフルオロエラストマー管を冷却し、続いて管を肉厚2mmのエチレン−エピクロロヒドリンゴム(ECO)ゴムで覆った。製品を硬化用試料に切断した。鋼製マンドレルが入れられたオートクレーブ中で蒸気を使用して143℃および0.28MPaでこれらの試料を30分間硬化させ、続いて154℃および0.41MPaで30分間硬化させた。硬化後、試料をオートクレーブから取り出し、室温まで冷却した。
【0043】
フルオロエラストマーおよびECO層からフッ素樹脂を分離して幅25.4mmのフッ素樹脂層のストリップを切り離して剥離試験による層間接着力の試験のためのタブを形成することによって、硬化した試料の剥離接着力を評価した。フッ素樹脂層の厚さは0.3mmであった。Instron Corpから入手できるInstron(登録商標)Model 1125試験機をクロスヘッド速度100mm/分に設定し、これを試験装置として使用した。ASTM D 1876(T−Peel Test)に準拠して2つのストリップで剥離強さまたは接着力を測定した。2つの試料の結果を平均し、その試験結果を表3に示す。
【0044】
実施例4
実施例4では、第1の硬化条件が146℃および0.3MPaで30分間であったことを除き、実施例3と同様にして試料を作製して試験を行った。試験結果を表3に取りまとめる。
【0045】
比較例C−4
比較例C−1では、試料を143℃および0.28MPaで60分間硬化させ第2の硬化条件は使用しなかったことを除き、実施例3と同様にして試料を作製して試験を行った。試験結果を表3に取りまとめる。
【0046】
比較例C−5
比較例C−5では、試料を154℃および0.41MPaで30分間硬化させ第2の硬化条件は使用しなかったことを除き、実施例3と同様にして試料を作製して試験を行った。試験結果を表3に取りまとめる。
【0047】
【表3】
【0048】
表3のデータは、段階的な硬化を使用せずに作製した製品の剥離強さと比較すると、段階的な硬化工程を使用することによって製品のFKM/THV層およびTHV/ECO層の両方の剥離強さが実質的に向上したことを示している。
【0049】
本発明の多数の実施態様を説明してきた。しかしながら、本発明の精神および範囲から逸脱しない種々の修正が可能であることを理解されたい。したがって、他の実施態様は請求項の範囲内にある。
【0050】
例えば、図1に示す方法は、管の形態の多層製品の製造を示しているが、他の形状を製造することも可能である。また図1では硬化性エラストマー層とフッ素樹脂層の形成に押出機を使用しているが、他のポリマー加工技術を使用することもできる。例えば、フッ素樹脂の適用前に硬化性エラストマーを断熱する手段が使用されるのであれば、硬化性エラストマーおよびフッ素樹脂組成物をシートの形態で製造し、次に互いに積層することができる。さらに、図1ではフッ素樹脂層の輻射加熱にチューブ式ヒーターを使用しているが、他の加熱方法を使用することもできる。例えば、金属粒子などを含有するフッ素樹脂層の場合、誘導加熱を使用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による多層製品の製造方法の概略図である。[0001]
Technical field
The present invention relates to a process for producing a multilayer product having a fluororesin layer and an elastomer layer.
[0002]
background
Fluorine-containing polymers (also known as "fluoropolymers") are a commercially useful class of materials. Fluoropolymers include, for example, cross-linked fluoroelastomers, and semi-crystalline or vitreous fluoroplastics. Generally, fluororesins have high thermal stability and are particularly useful at high temperatures. They may exhibit excellent toughness and flexibility at very low temperatures. Many of these fluoroplastics are almost completely insoluble in a wide variety of solvents and are generally chemically resistant. They may have very low dielectric loss and high dielectric strength, and may have unique non-adhesive and low friction properties. For example, F. W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3d ed. Pp. 398-403, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1984).
[0003]
Fluoroelastomers, especially copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with other ethylenically unsaturated halogenated monomers such as hexafluoropropylene, are particularly useful for high temperature applications such as seals, gaskets, and linings. For example, R. A. Brulu, "Fluoroelastomer Rubber for Automated Applications", Automated Elastomer & Design, June 1985, "Fluoroseumer Automotive News Agency. M. Grootaert et al., "Fluorocarbon Elastomers", Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, vol. 8, pp. 990-1005 (4 th ed. , John Wiley & Sons, 1993).
[0004]
Multilayer structures containing fluoropolymers have many industrial uses. Such structures have been found to be useful, for example, in fuel line hoses and associated vessels, and hoses or gaskets in the chemical processing field. The increasing importance of volatile fuel standards has led to the transfer of fuel or fuel vapor from vehicle components such as refueling ports, fuel supply lines, fuel tanks, and other components of the engine's fuel or vapor recovery system. A need has arisen for fuel system components having improved barrier properties to minimize permeation. Various tubing have been proposed to address these problems.
[0005]
Adhesion between layers of a multi-layer product may need to meet various performance standards depending on the end product application. However, when one of these layers is a fluoropolymer, it is often difficult to obtain high bonding strength. Various methods have been proposed to address this problem. One such method is to use an adhesive or tie layer between the fluoropolymer layer and the second polymer layer. Surface treatment of the fluoropolymer layer, such as by erosion or corona discharge, has also been used to improve adhesion. In the case of fluoropolymers containing copolymerized units derived from vinylidene fluoride, exposure of the fluoropolymer to a dehydrofluorinating agent such as a base, and application of a polyamine reagent to the surface of the fluoropolymer or contamination of the fluoropolymer itself Done.
[0006]
Overview
The present invention relates to a method for improving the bonding strength between a fluororesin layer and an elastomer layer of a multilayer product. The elastomer may be a fluoroelastomer or a non-fluorinated elastomer. According to the method of the present invention, the fluororesin composition containing copolymerized units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) is cured by extrusion coating the composition in the molten state, preferably from a crosshead die. Is applied to the surface of the precursor article containing the to form a fluororesin layer. Preferably, the composition is applied directly to the surface of the elastomer layer. Before applying the fluororesin composition, the curable elastomer layer is thermally insulated to prevent substantial heating. In one embodiment in which the molten fluoropolymer composition is extrusion coated by a crosshead die, a sleeve is attached to the die such that at least a portion is located inside the upstream end of the die, and the fluoropolymer composition is applied. Insulation is achieved by receiving and insulating the curable elastomer layer prior to application.
[0007]
After the application, the fluororesin layer is heated, and the curable elastomer layer is cured (preferably thermally cured). Preferably, the curing of the elastomer is performed independently of the heating of the fluororesin layer, and is performed after the heating of the fluororesin layer. By combining the heat insulation of the curable elastomer layer before the application of the fluororesin composition and the heating of the fluororesin layer after the application of the fluororesin composition, there is no promotion of adhesion such as a surface treatment or an independent adhesive layer. In both cases, a strong bond is formed between the fluororesin and the cured elastomer layer. For example, a bond strength of at least 15 N / cm can be achieved.
[0008]
Multilayer products produced by this method can be provided in a wide variety of shapes, such as sheets, films, containers, hoses, tubes, and the like. These products are particularly useful where chemical resistance and / or barrier properties are required. Examples of specific applications for these products include their use in rigid and flexible retroreflective sheets, adhesive products such as adhesive tape, paint exchange films, drag suppression films, fuel lines and fill hoses, and exhaust operations. Hoses, fuel tanks and the like. The products of the present invention are also useful for chemical handling and processing applications, as well as for wire or cable coatings or jackets.
[0009]
The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
[0010]
Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.
[0011]
Detailed description
Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a method of manufacturing a multilayer product featuring a fluororesin layer bonded to an elastomer layer is shown. The
[0012]
After extrusion coating, the resulting
[0013]
The elastomeric layer can be cured by
[0014]
Preferably, the fluororesin is a material that can be extrusion coated. Such fluororesins generally have a melting temperature in the range of about 100 to about 330C, more preferably in the range of about 150 to about 270C. These fluororesins include copolymerized units derived from VDF, and may further include copolymerized units derived from other fluorine-containing monomers, non-fluorine-containing monomers, or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable fluorine-containing monomers include tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), 3-chloropentafluoropropene, perfluorinated vinyl ether (e.g., CF 3 OCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 OCF = CF 2 Such as perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether, and CF 3 OCH = CF 2 And CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 OCF = CF 2 Perfluoroalkyl vinyl ethers), and fluorine-containing diolefins such as perfluorodiallyl ether and perfluoro-1,3-butadiene. Examples of suitable non-fluorine-containing monomers include olefin monomers such as ethylene and propylene.
[0015]
VDF-containing fluororesins can be prepared using emulsion polymerization techniques as described in Sulzbach et al., US Pat. No. 4,338,237, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein. Useful commercially available VDF-containing fluoroplastics include, for example, THV 200, THV 400, THV 500G, THV 610X fluoropolymer (available from Dyneon LLC (St. Paul, MN)) and KYNAR 740 fluoropolymer (Atochem North America). Philadelphia, PA), HYLAR 700 (available from Ausimont USA, Inc., Morristown, NJ), and FLUOREL FC-2178 (available from Dyneon LLC).
[0016]
Particularly useful fluororesins comprise at least copolymerized units derived from TFE and VDF, the amount of VDF being at least 0.1% by weight and less than 20% by weight. Preferably, the amount of VDF ranges from 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 15% by weight.
[0017]
The curable elastomer may be a fluoroelastomer or a non-fluorinated elastomer. Examples of suitable fluoroelastomers include VDF-HFP copolymer, VDF-HFP-TFE terpolymer, TFE-propylene copolymer and the like. Examples of suitable non-fluorinated elastomers include acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR), butadiene rubber, chlorinated and chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chloroprene, ethylene-propylene monomer (EPM) rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, Epichlorohydrin (ECO) rubber, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, polysulfide, polyurethane, silicone rubber, mixtures of polyvinyl chloride and NBR, styrene butadiene (SBR) rubber, ethylene-acrylate copolymer rubber, and ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber Can be Nipol is a commercially available elastomer. TM 1052 NBR (Zeon Chemical (Louisville, KY)), Hydrin TM C2000 epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide rubber (Zeon Chemical (Louisville, KY)), Hypalon TM 48 chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (EI DuPont de Nemours & Co. (Wilmington, DE)), Nordel TM EPDM (RT Vanderbilt Co., Inc. (Norwalk, CT)), Vamac TM Ethylene-acrylate elastomer (EI DuPont de Nemours & Co. (Wilmington, DE)), Krynac TM NBR (Bayer Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA)), Perbunan TM NBR / PVC mixture (Bayer Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA)), Therban TM Hydrogenated NBR (Bayer Corp. (Pittsburgh, PA)), Zetpol TM Hydrogenated NBR (Zeon Chemical (Louisville, KY)), Santoprene TM Thermoplastic elastomers (Advanced Elastomer Systems (Akron, OH)), and Keltan TM EPDM (DSM Elastomers Americas (Addis, LA)).
[0018]
Preferably, a curing agent is mixed with the curable elastomer to promote curing. Examples of useful curing agents include imidazolines, diamines, and amphoteric salts of diamines as discussed in US Pat. No. 4,287,322 (Worm), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. , Thiourea, and polyphenol curing agents. These materials are particularly useful for epichlorohydrin compositions. Other examples that are particularly useful for curing nitrile rubber-containing compositions include peroxide compounds and sulfur-containing compounds.
[0019]
For curable fluoroelastomers, examples of useful curing agents include a combination of a polyol and an organic onium salt (eg, an organic ammonium salt, an organic phosphonium salt, and an organic sulfonium salt). Specific examples are described, for example, in Fukushi US Pat. No. 5,658,671, “Fluoroelastomer Coating Composition”, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Diamines and peroxides are also useful.
[0020]
The multilayer product of the present invention can also include another polymer layer. Examples of suitable polymer layers include non-fluorinated polymers such as polyamide, polyimide, polyurethane, polyolefin, polystyrene, polyester, polycarbonate, polyketone, polyurea, polyacrylate, and polymethylmethacrylate. The adhesiveness between the thermoplastic fluororesin layer, the fluoroelastomer layer, and the elastomer layer is determined by three extruded layers in which the elastomer layer is the outer layer, the fluororesin layer is the middle layer, and the fluoroelastomer layer is the inner layer. It can be improved by stepwise curing.
[0021]
A particularly useful structure for fuel applications is that a relatively thin layer of fluoroplastic, which functions as a barrier layer, is joined to a relatively thick layer of non-fluorinated polymer, which acts as a coverstock, while the opposite surface seals Characterized by bonding with a relatively thin elastomer layer (eg, a fluoroelastomer or a non-fluorinated elastomer). Coverstock imparts structural integrity to the product. To improve structural integrity, reinforcements, such as fibers, meshes, and / or wire screens can be incorporated into the multilayer product, for example, as a separate layer or as part of an existing layer.
[0022]
Any or all of the individual layers of the multi-layer product may further include one or more additives. Examples of useful additives include pigments, plasticizers, tackifiers, fillers, conductive materials (eg, of the type described in US Pat. No. 5,552,199), electrically insulating materials, stable materials Agents, antioxidants, lubricants, processing aids, impact modifiers, viscosity modifiers, and combinations thereof. For example, for the aforementioned multi-layer products for fuel applications, it is often useful for the innermost layer of the structure to be conductive.
[0023]
In some cases, it may be desirable to further increase the bond strength between individual layers of the multilayer product. For example, heat and / or pressure can be further applied to the cured product.
[0024]
Another method of improving the bond strength between layers is to surface treat one or more layers before forming a multilayer product. As such a surface treatment, a solution treatment using a solvent can be exemplified. If the solvent contains a base such as 1,8-diaza [5.4.0] bicycloundec-7-ene (DBU), treating the fluoropolymer will result in some dehydrofluorination. Such dehydrofluorination can be beneficial for improving the adhesion of subsequently applied materials. It is particularly advantageous if the subsequently applied material contains any substance that is reactive with the site of unsaturation.
[0025]
Another example of the surface treatment includes a charging atmosphere treatment such as a corona discharge treatment or a plasma treatment. Electron beam processing is also useful.
[0026]
The adhesion between the layers can also be improved by using substances such as aliphatic diamines or polyamines. The amine may be of any molecular weight as long as it enhances the bond strength between layers of the multilayer product when used. Particularly useful polyamines are those having a molecular weight of at least about 1,000 as determined by gel permeation chromatography. One example of a useful commercially available polyamine is Nitto Boseki Co. , Ltd. It is a more available polyallylamine having a molecular weight of about 3,000.
[0027]
The amine can be introduced into one or more layers of the multilayer product prior to forming the product using conventional means such as melt mixing. Alternatively, the amine can be applied to the surface of one or more layers using conventional coating methods such as spraying, curtain coating, dip coating, dip coating, and the like.
[0028]
The following examples illustrate the invention in more detail.
[0029]
Example
The following examples describe the manufacture of various multilayer products featuring a fluororesin layer bonded to an elastomer layer. In each example, the elastomer was a fluoroelastomer prepared by combining the following components: 100 parts Dyneon FE-5830Q fluoroelastomer (commercially available from Dyneon LLC (St. Paul, MN)), 13 parts N-762 carbon black (commercially available from Cabot Corp. (Alphaetta, GA)), 6 parts calcium hydroxide HP (commercially available from CP Hall, Chicago, IL), 3 parts magnesium oxide ( "Elastomag" from Morton International (Danvers, MA) TM 170 ") and 6 parts of calcium oxide HP (commercially available from CP Hall, Danvers, MA). The composition was extruded to form a fluoroelastomer into a tube having an outer diameter of 12 mm and a wall thickness of 0.33 mm.
[0030]
Example 1
The molten fluoropolymer composition was coated on the surface of the fluoroelastomer tube using a crosshead die fitted with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sleeve. The fluororesin was a TFE-HFP-VDF terpolymer characterized by 76% by weight of TFE, 11% by weight of HFP, and 13% by weight of VDF. This fluororesin had a melt flow index of 7 and a melting point of 233 ° C. The PTFE sleeve prevented heating of the fluoroelastomer surface prior to the application of the fluoroplastic.
[0031]
After the application of the fluororesin composition and before the resulting multilayer product was cooled, the product was heated through a 15.2 cm long tube heater set at 220 ° C (the surface temperature of the fluororesin was 140 ° C). Met). After cooling, the products were cut into smaller samples, which were mounted on steel mandrels and heat-cured in an autoclave using steam at a temperature of 160 ° C. and a pressure of 0.4 MPa for 60 minutes. After curing, the sample was removed from the autoclave and cooled to room temperature.
[0032]
The peel adhesion of the cured sample was evaluated by cutting a 7 mm wide strip of fluororesin outer layer from the fluoroelastomer core of each sample to form a tab for an adhesion test. The thickness of the fluororesin layer was 0.3 mm. Instron Corp. A more available Instron (R) Model 1125 tester was set at a crosshead speed of 100 mm / min and used as the tester. Except that the peel angle was 90 °, the peel strength between the fluororesin layer and the fluoroelastomer layer was measured according to ASTM D 1876 (T-Peel Test). The results of the two samples were averaged. The average values are shown in Table 1.
[0033]
Example 2
The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that the fluororesin was a TFE-HFP-VDF terpolymer commercially available from Dyneon LLC (St. Paul, MN) under the trade name "THV-500". Table 1 shows the results of the peel adhesion test.
[0034]
Comparative Example C-1
The procedure of Example 1 was followed, except that no PTFE sleeve was used. Table 1 shows the results of the peel adhesion test.
[0035]
Comparative Example C-2
The procedure of Example 1 was followed, except that no heater was used. Table 1 shows the results of the peel adhesion test.
[0036]
Comparative Example C-3
The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that neither the PTFE sleeve nor the heater was used. Table 1 shows the results of the peel adhesion test.
[0037]
[Table 1]
[0038]
The results in Table 1 show that the heat resistance of the curable elastomer layer before the application of the fluororesin composition and the heating of the fluororesin layer after the application of the fluororesin composition to the curable elastomer layer resulted in independent adhesion. This shows that a multilayer product having improved interlayer adhesion after curing can be obtained without using an improving means.
[0039]
In another set of embodiments, the multilayer tube has an inner layer of a fluoroelastomer, an intermediate layer of a thermoplastic fluoroplastic barrier layer, and an outer layer of an elastomer or rubber or thermoplastic elastomer.
[0040]
Example 3
In Example 3, THV-500 was coated on an extruded fluoroelastomer tube (outer diameter 16 mm, wall thickness 1 mm) using a crosshead die fitted with a PTFE sleeve. The sleeve prevented heating of the fluoroelastomer surface. Table 2 shows the formulation of the fluoroelastomer compound for the manufacture of the tube.
[0041]
[Table 2]
[0042]
After the application of the fluororesin composition, before the obtained multilayer product is cooled, the product is heated by passing through a 15.2 cm long tube heater set at 220 ° C. (the surface temperature of the fluororesin is 140 ° C. ), Followed by cooling. The fluoroelastomer tubing coated with fluoropolymer was cooled, and the tubing was subsequently covered with 2 mm thick ethylene-epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO) rubber. The product was cut into samples for curing. The samples were cured for 30 minutes at 143 ° C. and 0.28 MPa using steam in an autoclave containing a steel mandrel, followed by curing at 154 ° C. and 0.41 MPa for 30 minutes. After curing, the sample was removed from the autoclave and cooled to room temperature.
[0043]
Peel adhesion of the cured sample by separating the fluororesin from the fluoroelastomer and ECO layers and separating a strip of 25.4 mm wide fluororesin layer to form a tab for interlaminar adhesion testing by a peel test Was evaluated. The thickness of the fluororesin layer was 0.3 mm. An Instron (R) Model 1125 tester available from Instron Corp was set at a crosshead speed of 100 mm / min and used as the test apparatus. Peel strength or adhesion was measured on the two strips according to ASTM D 1876 (T-Peel Test). The results of the two samples were averaged and the test results are shown in Table 3.
[0044]
Example 4
In Example 4, a sample was prepared and tested in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the first curing condition was 146 ° C. and 0.3 MPa for 30 minutes. The test results are summarized in Table 3.
[0045]
Comparative Example C-4
In Comparative Example C-1, a sample was prepared and tested in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the sample was cured at 143 ° C. and 0.28 MPa for 60 minutes and the second curing condition was not used. . The test results are summarized in Table 3.
[0046]
Comparative Example C-5
In Comparative Example C-5, a sample was prepared and tested in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the sample was cured at 154 ° C. and 0.41 MPa for 30 minutes, and the second curing condition was not used. . The test results are summarized in Table 3.
[0047]
[Table 3]
[0048]
The data in Table 3 shows the peel strength of both the FKM / THV layer and the THV / ECO layer of the product by using the gradual curing step when compared to the peel strength of the product made without gradual curing. This indicates that the strength has been substantially improved.
[0049]
A number of embodiments of the invention have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, other embodiments are within the scope of the claims.
[0050]
For example, while the method shown in FIG. 1 illustrates the production of a multilayer product in the form of a tube, other shapes can be produced. Although an extruder is used to form the curable elastomer layer and the fluororesin layer in FIG. 1, other polymer processing techniques can be used. For example, if a means to insulate the curable elastomer is used before applying the fluororesin, the curable elastomer and the fluororesin composition can be manufactured in sheet form and then laminated together. Further, in FIG. 1, a tube heater is used for radiant heating of the fluororesin layer, but other heating methods may be used. For example, in the case of a fluororesin layer containing metal particles or the like, induction heating can be used.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for manufacturing a multilayer product according to the present invention.
Claims (29)
(b)前記フッ素樹脂層の適用前に前記硬化性エラストマー層を断熱する工程と、
(c)共重合したフッ化ビニリデン単位を含むフッ素樹脂組成物を、前記前駆物品の前記露出面上に適用してフッ素樹脂層を形成する工程と、
(d)前記フッ素樹脂層を加熱する工程と、
(e)前記硬化性エラストマー層を硬化させて、フッ素樹脂層とエラストマー層とを含む多層製品を形成する工程と、
を含む多層製品の製造方法。(A) providing a precursor article that includes a curable elastomer layer and has an exposed surface that can be used to apply a fluororesin layer;
(B) heat insulating the curable elastomer layer before applying the fluororesin layer;
(C) applying a fluororesin composition containing copolymerized vinylidene fluoride units onto the exposed surface of the precursor article to form a fluororesin layer;
(D) heating the fluororesin layer;
(E) curing the curable elastomer layer to form a multilayer product including a fluororesin layer and an elastomer layer;
And a method for producing a multilayer product.
(b)共重合したフッ化ビニリデン単位を含む溶融フッ素樹脂組成物を、クロスヘッドダイによって前記硬化性エラストマー層の前記露出面上に押出コーティングしてフッ素樹脂層を形成する工程と、
(c)前記フッ素樹脂層を加熱する工程と、
(d)前記フッ素樹脂層を加熱した後で、前記硬化性エラストマー層を熱硬化させて、フッ素樹脂層とエラストマー層とを含む多層製品を形成する工程と、を含み、
前記ダイが、前記溶融フッ素樹脂組成物を受容するダイボディーと、前記前駆物品を受容する上流開口部と、下流開口部と、前記ダイの前記上流開口部の内部に少なくとも一部が配置され、前記前駆物品を受容し、前記フッ素樹脂組成物の適用前に前記硬化性エラストマー層を断熱する機能を果たすスリーブと、を含む多層製品の製造方法。(A) providing a precursor article comprising a curable elastomer layer, wherein the curable elastomer layer has an exposed surface that can be used to apply a fluororesin layer;
(B) forming a fluororesin layer by extrusion-coating the molten fluororesin composition containing the copolymerized vinylidene fluoride units onto the exposed surface of the curable elastomer layer using a crosshead die;
(C) heating the fluororesin layer;
(D) after heating the fluororesin layer, thermally curing the curable elastomer layer to form a multilayer product including the fluororesin layer and the elastomer layer,
The die, a die body that receives the molten fluororesin composition, an upstream opening that receives the precursor article, a downstream opening, and at least a portion is disposed inside the upstream opening of the die, A sleeve that receives the precursor article and that serves to insulate the curable elastomer layer prior to application of the fluororesin composition.
(b)共重合したフッ化ビニリデン単位を含む溶融フッ素樹脂組成物を、クロスヘッドダイによって前記硬化性エラストマー層の前記露出面上に押出コーティングしてフッ素樹脂層を形成する工程と、
(c)ポリマー層を前記フッ素樹脂層上に配置する工程と、
(d)第1の温度における第1の段階と、第2の温度における第2の段階とで前記エラストマー層およびポリマー層を熱硬化させ、前記第1の温度が前記第2の温度よりも低温であり、フッ素樹脂層と、エラストマー層と、ポリマー層とを含む多層製品を形成する工程と、を含み、
前記ダイが、前記溶融フッ素樹脂組成物を受容するダイボディーと、前記前駆物品を受容する上流開口部と、下流開口部と、前記ダイの前記上流開口部の内部に少なくとも一部が配置され、前記前駆物品を受容し、前記フッ素樹脂組成物の適用前に前記硬化性エラストマー層を断熱する機能を果たすスリーブと、を含む多層製品の製造方法。(A) providing a precursor article comprising a curable elastomer layer, wherein the curable elastomer layer has an exposed surface that can be used to apply a fluororesin layer;
(B) forming a fluororesin layer by extrusion-coating the molten fluororesin composition containing the copolymerized vinylidene fluoride units onto the exposed surface of the curable elastomer layer using a crosshead die;
(C) arranging a polymer layer on the fluororesin layer;
(D) thermosetting the elastomer layer and the polymer layer at a first stage at a first temperature and a second stage at a second temperature, wherein the first temperature is lower than the second temperature; Forming a multilayer product including a fluororesin layer, an elastomer layer, and a polymer layer,
The die, a die body that receives the molten fluororesin composition, an upstream opening that receives the precursor article, a downstream opening, and at least a portion is disposed inside the upstream opening of the die, A sleeve that receives the precursor article and that serves to insulate the curable elastomer layer prior to application of the fluororesin composition.
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US64473100A | 2000-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | |
PCT/US2001/024867 WO2002016112A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-08-08 | Process for preparing a multi-layer article having a fluoroplastic layer and an elastomer layer |
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JP (1) | JP2004506548A (en) |
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CN (1) | CN1220578C (en) |
AU (2) | AU2001225857A1 (en) |
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KR100773306B1 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
CN1220578C (en) | 2005-09-28 |
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