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JP2004327362A - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004327362A
JP2004327362A JP2003123608A JP2003123608A JP2004327362A JP 2004327362 A JP2004327362 A JP 2004327362A JP 2003123608 A JP2003123608 A JP 2003123608A JP 2003123608 A JP2003123608 A JP 2003123608A JP 2004327362 A JP2004327362 A JP 2004327362A
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separator
electrode group
battery
electrode
aqueous electrolyte
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JP2003123608A
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JP4565812B2 (en
Inventor
Kentaro Takahashi
健太郎 高橋
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance the safety so as to suppress the occurrence of internal short-circuiting, and to prevent a battery from reaching the rupture point, ignition, even if the battery temperature rises and contraction of the separator occurs. <P>SOLUTION: The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a spiral electrode group 10a, in which a strip positive-electrode 11 and a strip negative-electrode 12 are wound in a spiral form as opposed to each other via a strip separator 13, and a gelatinous non-aqueous electrolyte within a cylindrical casing 14. The strip separator 13 is disposed, protruding in the upward and downward directions from respective electrodes 11, 12 of the spiral electrode group 10a, and in at least a part of the one of the protruding portions 13a, 13b, the separator 13a (13b) is integrally jointed to each other by deposition and adhesion. Thereby, the thermal contraction of the separator 13 is suppressed, and the number of occurrences of the internal short-circuits is reduced, because of the enhanced adherence between the separator 13 and respective electrodes 11, 12 due to the adhesive force of the gelatinous electrolyte, even if thermal contraction occurs. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は正極合剤が正極集電体に塗布された帯状正極と、負極合剤が負極集電体に塗布された帯状負極が帯状セパレータを介して相対向して渦巻状に巻回された渦巻状電極群とゲル状非水電解質を外装体内に備えた非水電解質二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、携帯電話、ノートパソコン、小型ビデオカメラ等の携帯用電子・通信機器等に用いられる電池として、リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な正極活物質(例えば、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn)等のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物)と、リチウムイオンの吸蔵・放出が可能な負極活物質(例えば、黒鉛、炭素等)とを備えた非水電解質二次電池が、小型軽量でかつ高容量な電池として広く使用されるようになった。
【0003】
この種の非水電解質二次電池は以下のようにして作製されるのが一般的である。即ち、まず、正極集電体に正極活物質を含有する正極合剤を塗布して帯状正極を作製するとともに、負極集電体に負極活物質を含有する負極合剤を塗布して帯状負極を作製する。この後、得られた帯状正極と帯状負極を帯状セパレータを介して相対向させて積層した後、これらを渦巻状に巻回して横断面形状が真円形状の渦巻状電極群とする。ついで、これを円筒状外装缶に収容したり、あるいは真円形状の渦巻状電極群を加圧成形して横断面形状が扁平な楕円形状とし、これを角筒状外装缶あるいはフィルム状外装体に収容して、非水電解液を注液して非水電解質二次電池としている。
【0004】
ところで、正極と負極との間を隔離するセパレータの機能としては、基本的には、正極と負極の直接短絡を防止する短絡防止機能を有するとともに、その微多孔構造によりイオンを透過させて電池反応が可能となるようなイオン透過機能を有することが必要条件となる。しかしながら、この種の非水電解質二次電池に用いられるセパレータとしては、安全性向上の観点からシャットダウン機能(SD機能)を有するものが採用されるようになってきている。このSD機能とは、誤接続などにより異常電流が発生した場合に、電池内部温度の上昇に伴ってセパレータ材料の合成樹脂が溶融変形して微多孔を塞ぎ、電池反応を停止させる機能を有することを意味する。
【0005】
ところが、電池の異常発熱時においては、セパレータの収縮に起因する内部短絡が発生して安全性が低下する恐れを生じた。このため、セパレータの収縮を抑制するために、高分子量のポリエチレンを用いたり、あるいはポリプロピレンを混合する手段が講じられるようになった。しかしながら、シャットダウン温度が上昇して電流遮断機能が作動しにくくなるという問題を生じた。また、幅方向に一軸延伸したセパレータを用いると、幅方向の収縮を抑えることができるが、延伸方向に裂けやすいという問題を生じた。
【0006】
そこで、渦巻状電極群の最外周の上部に短絡防止テープを貼着することにより、セパレータが熱収縮しても電極と外装缶とが接触する内部短絡を防止するようにした電池が特許文献1(特開2000−251866号公報)にて提案されるようになった。しかしながら、この特許文献1にて提案された電池においては、渦巻状電極群の内周部に配置されたセパレータの収縮は防止することができないため、収縮したセパレータに対向する両電極が電極群の上部あるいは下部で短絡するという問題を生じた。
【0007】
このため、特許文献2(特開2003−22794号公報)にて、高温時のセパレータの収縮による内部短絡を防止するために、セパレータの上下端を溶着することが提案されるようになった。これによれば、リード部付近のセパレータを溶着したり、電池が高温に曝されたときにセパレータ同士を溶着させて電極を包み込むような構造としている。この結果、高温時のセパレータの収縮による内部短絡を防止することが可能となる。
【特許文献1】
特開2000−251866号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2003−22794号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上述した特開2003−22794号公報にて提案された非水電解質二次電池においては、非水電解質として液状の電解質(電解液)を用いるようにしている。このため、電池温度が上昇してセパレータの熱収縮が起こり始めると、渦巻状電極群上下の溶着部間のテンションが大きくなり、電極群内部のセパレータに皺が発生するようになる。この結果、僅かな刺激で破膜したり、裂けが生じるようになって、破膜や裂けが生じた部分で短絡が発生するという問題を生じた。
【0009】
また、上述した特開2003−22794号公報で提案されるように、セパレータ同士を熱溶着させる方法においては、電極から発生するガスなどの影響により僅かでも電極群が変形すると、実質的な溶着効果が得られなくなるという問題を生じた。また、電極を包み込むような形で均一に溶着させることは不可能に近いことが明らかになった。
【0010】
さらに、この種の非水電解質二次電池の高エネルギー密度化の要求に対して、ラミネートフィルムを外装材に用いたラミネート型電池の開発が近年においては進められるようになった。ところが、このようなラミネート型電池においては、アルミニウムなどの金属製外装缶を用いた場合よりも押圧力が極めて小さくなるため、電極群の変形が起こりやすいという問題を生じた。特に、電池が高温に曝された場合においては、多量のガスが発生するため、電極群の変形・歪みは金属製外装缶を用いた場合よりも著しいこととなる。このため、上述のように電極群を構成しても内部短絡に対しては、殆ど効果が得られないという問題を生じた。
【0011】
そこで、本発明は上記問題点を解消するためになされたものであって、電池が異常に発熱してセパレータが収縮しても、電極群の上下端部での内部短絡の発生を抑制して、電池が破裂、発火に至らないように安全性が向上した非水電解質二次電池を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明の非水電解質二次電池は、帯状正極と帯状負極が帯状セパレータを介して相対向して渦巻状に巻回された渦巻状電極群とゲル状非水電解質を外装体内に備えるとともに、帯状セパレータは渦巻状電極群の各電極より上下方向に突出して配設されているとともに、突出した部分の少なくとも一方の一部はセパレータ同士が溶着あるいは接着により一体的に接合されていることを特徴とする。
【0013】
このように、外装体内にゲル状非水電解質を備え、かつ渦巻状電極群の各電極より上下方向に突出してセパレータが配設されているとともに、突出した部分の少なくとも一方の一部はセパレータ同士が溶着あるいは接着により一体的に接合されていると、高温放置してセパレータの熱収縮が起こり始めても、ゲル状電解質の接着力により、セパレータと各電極との密着性が向上することとなる。このため、セパレータの熱収縮が抑制され、内部短絡が発生するのを減少させることが可能となる。この場合、電極群の幅方向の中央部近傍は両端部近傍よりも構成圧が低いため、セパレータの収縮が起こりやすくなる。このため、接合部は電極群の幅方向の中央部近傍に形成するのが望ましい。
【0014】
この場合、接合部の幅寸法が短かすぎると、内部短絡を防止する効果が不十分であり、接合部の幅寸法が長すぎると、発生したガスが電極群内に滞留するようになって、電極群の変形・歪みが大きくなって、逆に内部短絡が発生するようになる。このため、ゲル状電解質が充填された場合、セパレータの上部あるいは下部もしくは上下部の一部に形成する接合部の幅寸法は、電極群の幅寸法に対して5%以上で、95%以下にするのが望ましい。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
ついで、本発明の実施の形態を以下の図1及び図2に基づいて説明するが、本発明はこの実施の形態に何ら限定されるものではなく、本発明の目的を変更しない範囲で適宜変更して実施することが可能である。なお、図1は本発明の非水電解液二次電池に用いられる電極群を模式的に示す図であり、図1(a)は上面図であり、図1(b)は正面図であり、図1(c)は下面図である。図2は本発明の非水電解液二次電池を模式的に示す図であり、図2(a)は斜視図であり、図2(b)は図2(a)のA−A断面を示す断面図である。
【0016】
1.正極の作製
正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)粉末と、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックあるいはグラファイトなどの炭素系粉末(例えば、5質量%)を混合して正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)からなる結着剤(例えば、3質量%)をN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)からなる有機溶剤に溶解した結着剤溶液とを混練して、正極活物質スラリーあるいは正極活物質ペーストを調製した。
【0017】
ついで、アルミニウム箔(例えば、厚みが15μmで、幅が54.0mmのもの)からなる正極集電体を用意し、上述のように作製した正極活物質スラリーあるいは正極活物質ペーストを正極集電体の両面に均一に塗布して、正極合剤層を形成した。ここで、スラリーの場合はダイコータあるいはドクターブレードを用いて塗布し、ペーストの場合はローラコーティング法により塗布した。この後、乾燥機中を通過させて、スラリーあるいはペースト作製時に必要であった有機溶剤(NMP)を除去して乾燥させた。乾燥後、ロールプレス機により厚みが0.17mmになるまで圧延し、所定の形状に切断して帯状正極11を作製した。なお、帯状正極11においては、巻回時に最外周に配置される部分には正極スラリーを塗布せず、アルミニウム製集電タブを超音波溶着して正極リード11aを形成している。
【0018】
なお、正極活物質としては上述したLiCoO以外に、LiMO(但し、MはCo,Ni,Mnの少なくとも1種で、0.45≦x≦1.20)で表されるリチウム遷移金属複合酸化物、例えば、LiNiO,LiNiCo1−y(但し、0.01≦y≦0.99),Li0.5MnO,LiMnOなどの1種単独、もしくは複数種を混合して用いるようにしてもよい。
【0019】
2.負極の作製
負極活物質としての天然黒鉛粉末と、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)からなる結着剤(例えば、3質量%)をN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)からなる有機溶剤に溶解した結着剤溶液とを混練して、負極活物質スラリーあるいは負極活物質ペーストを調製した。ついで、銅箔(例えば、厚みが12μmで、幅が56.0mmのもの)からなる負極集電体を用意し、上述のように作製した負極活物質スラリーあるいは負極活物質ペーストを負極集電体の両面に均一に塗布して、負極合剤層を形成した。
【0020】
ここで、スラリーの場合はダイコータあるいはドクターブレードを用いて塗布し、ペーストの場合はローラコーティング法により塗布した。この後、乾燥機中を通過させて、スラリーあるいはペースト作製時に必要であった有機溶剤(NMP)を除去して乾燥させた。乾燥後、ロールプレス機により厚みが0.14mmになるまで圧延し、所定の形状に切断して帯状負極12を作製した。なお、帯状負極12においては、巻回時に最外周に配置される部分には負極スラリーを塗布せず、ニッケル製集電タブを超音波溶着して負極リード12aを形成している。
【0021】
なお、負極活物質としては上述した天然黒鉛以外に、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・脱離し得るカーボン系材料、例えば、人造黒鉛、カーボンブラック、コークス、ガラス状炭素、炭素繊維、またはこれらの焼成体等を用いてもよいし、金属リチウム、リチウム−アルミニウム合金、リチウム−鉛合金、リチウム−錫合金等のリチウム合金、SnO、SnO、TiO、Nb等の電位が正極活物質に比べて卑な金属酸化物を用いてもよい。
【0022】
3.電極群の作製
ついで、上述のようにして作製した帯状正極11と帯状負極12とを用意し、これらの間にポリエチレン製微多孔膜(厚みが0.025mmで、幅が59.0mmのもの)からなる帯状セパレータ13を介在させ、かつ、これらの幅方向の中心線が一致するように重ね合わせた。この後、巻取機によりこれらを渦巻状に巻回した後、最外周をテープ止めして渦巻状電極群とした。ついで、これを横断面形状が扁平な楕円状になるように押しつぶして扁平状電極群10aを作製した。
【0023】
ここで、帯状セパレータ13の幅方向の端部は、負極12の上端部よりも1.5mmだけ上方に突出した上突出部13aが形成され、下端部よりも1.5mmだけ下方に突出した下突出部13bが形成されることとなる。ついで、この上突出部13aの幅方向中央部のx部分(扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して60%の部分)を互いに熱溶着して一体的に接合するとともに、下突出部13bの幅方向中央部のy部分(扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して60%の部分)を互いに熱溶着して一体的に接合して、電極群aとした。また、突出部13a,13bを熱溶着しなくてそのままのものを電極群xとした。なお、熱溶着により一体化する代わりに、電池反応に悪影響を及ぼさない接着剤(例えば、エポキシ系接着剤、アクリル系接着剤など)を用いて一体的に接合するようにしてよい。
【0024】
4.非水電解液二次電池の作製
まず、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)を3:7の容積比で混合した混合溶媒に、電解質としてLiPFを1モル/リットルの割合で溶解させて非水電解液を調製し、これを電解液e1とした。また、このように調製した電解液e1に、熱重合性モノマー材料としてのテトラエチレングリコールジアクリレート3.0質量%とトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート1.0質量%を添加するとともに、重合開始剤としてのt−ヘキシルパーオキシピバレート0.3質量%を添加してゲル用非水電解液を調製し、これを電解液e2とした。
【0025】
ついで、扁平状電極群10a(a,x)をアルミニウムラミネートフィルムからなる外装体14内に収容し、これをドライボックス内に配置した後、上述のように調製した電解液e1,e2を外装体14内に注液した。ついで、ドライボックス内を真空ポンプで吸引して、減圧の雰囲気にした。これにより、外装体14内に注液された電解液は電極群内に含浸されることとなる。この後、外装体14の開口部を仮封止して、ドライボックスから取り出した。ついで、電解液e2を用いたものにおいては、加熱装置内に配置した後、加熱装置内を60℃の温度に保持して5時間加熱した。これにより、熱重合性のモノマー材料を重合させて、電解液をゲル化により硬化させた。
【0026】
ついで、初回の充電を行って発生したガスを飛散させた後、外装体14の開口部を本封止することにより、非水電解質電池A1,X1,Y1,Y2をそれぞれ作製した。このとき、正極11から延出した正極リード11aおよび負極12から延出した負極リード12aが外装体14の上部開口部に液密に封止されるように本封止した。ここで、電極群aを用いるとともにゲル用非水電解液e2を用いたものを電池A1とした。同様に、電極群xを用いるとともにゲル用非水電解液e2を用いたものを電池X1とし、電極群aを用いるとともに非水電解液e1を用いたものを電池Y1とし、電極群xを用いるとともに非水電解液e1を用いたものを電池Y2とした。
【0027】
5.高温放置試験
ついで、これらの各電池A1,X1,Y1,Y2をそれぞれ50個ずつ用いて、室温(約25℃)で、1ItmAの放電電流で電池電圧が2.75Vになるまで放電させた。この後、室温(約25℃)で、1ItmAの充電電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで定電流で充電した後、4.2Vに到達した後は電流値が30mA以下になるまで定電圧で充電を行った。ついで、このような充電状態の各電池A1,X1,Y1,Y2を5℃/分の昇温速度で150℃まで昇温させた後、150℃の温度を3時間保持させるという高温放置試験を行った。その後、これらの各電池A1,X1,Y1,Y2の電圧を測定して、試験前後の電圧差が0.5V以上(試験後の電池電圧が3.7V以下)のものを内部短絡が発生した電池と判定すると、下記の表1に示すような結果が得られた。
【0028】
【表1】

Figure 2004327362
【0029】
上記表1の結果から明らかなように、セパレータの上下に溶着部を形成しなかった電極群x1を用い、かつ電解液e1を用いた電池Y2においては、全ての電池に内部短絡が発生していたことが分かる。また、セパレータの上下に溶着部13c,13dを形成した電極群a1を用いても、電解液e1を用いた電池Y1においては、内部短絡の発生個数が多いことが分かる。これは、溶着部が未形成の電極群x1に電解液e1が充填された電池Y2を充電状態で高温放置すると、高温によりセパレータの熱収縮が発生して、電極群x1の上下端部での短絡が発生したためと考えられる。
【0030】
一方、セパレータ13の上下に溶着部13c,13dが形成された電極群a1に電解液e1が充填された電池Y1を充電状態で高温放置して、セパレータ13の熱収縮が起こり始めると、電極群上下の溶着部間でのセパレータ13のテンションが大きくなって、電極群の内部のセパレータ13に皺が発生するようになる。この結果、僅かな刺激で破膜したり、裂けが生じるようになって、破膜や裂けが生じた部分で短絡が発生したと考えられる。
【0031】
これらに対して、セパレータ13の上下に溶着部を形成しなかった電極群x1を用いても、ゲル状電解質(e2)を用いてゲル化された電池X1においては、セパレータ13の上下に溶着部13c,13dを形成した電極群a1に電解液e1が充填された電池Y1よりも内部短絡の発生個数が減少していることが分かる。さらに、セパレータ13の上下に溶着部13c,13dを形成した電極群a1を用い、かつゲル状電解質(e2)を用いた電池A1においては、内部短絡が発生していないことが分かる。
【0032】
これは、溶着部が未形成の電極群x1にゲル状電解質(e2)が充填された電池X1においては、ゲル状電解質(e2)の接着力により、セパレータ13と各電極11,12との密着性が向上し、セパレータ13の熱収縮が抑制されたからであると考えられる。しかしながら、ゲル状電解質によるセパレータ13の熱収縮の抑制だけでは、液状電解液を使用した電池Y1,Y2よりは内部短絡の発生を減少できているが、それでも十分であるとは言えない。
【0033】
一方、セパレータ13の上下に溶着部13c,13dが形成された電極群a1にゲル状電解質(e2)が充填された電池A1においては、ゲル状電解質(e2)の接着力によるセパレータ13と各電極11,12とが密着することによってセパレータの熱収縮が抑制されると共に、セパレータ13の上部13aおよび下部13bにそれぞれ溶着部13c,13dが形成されているので、高温放置しても、電極群a1上下の溶着部間でのセパレータ13のテンションが大きくなり、電極群a1の内部のセパレータ13に皺が発生することがなく、内部短絡が発生しなかったと考えられる。
【0034】
6.セパレータの溶着幅の検討
ついで、セパレータ13の溶着部13c,13dの溶着幅x,yについて検討を行った。そこで、上突出部13aに溶着部を形成することなく、下突出部13bに溶着幅yが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して5%となるように溶着部13dを形成した電極群を作製し、これを電極群a2とした。また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して5%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、下突出部13bに溶着部を形成することなく電極群を作製し、これを電極群a3とした。また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して40%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、下突出部13bに溶着部を形成することなく電極群を作製し、これを電極群a4とした。
【0035】
また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して60%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、下突出部13bに溶着部を形成することなく電極群を作製し、これを電極群a5とした。また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して95%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、下突出部13bに溶着部を形成することなく電極群を作製し、これを電極群a6とした。また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して95%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、かつ下突出部13bに溶着幅yが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して60%となるように溶着部13dを形成して電極群を作製し、これを電極群a7とした。
【0036】
さらに、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して100%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、下突出部13bに溶着部を形成することなく電極群を作製し、これを電極群x2とした。また、上突出部13aに溶着幅xが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して100%となるように溶着部13cを形成し、かつ下突出部13bに溶着幅yが扁平状電極群10aの幅Xに対して100%となるように溶着部13dを形成して電極群を作製し、これを電極群x3とした。
【0037】
ついで、これらの電極群a2〜a7およびx2,x3を用いるとともに、上述のように調製したゲル用非水電解液e2を用いて、上述と同様にして非水電解質電池A2〜A7,X2,X3をそれぞれ作製した。なお、電極群a2を用いたものを電池A2とし、電極群a3を用いたものを電池A3とし、電極群a4を用いたものを電池A4とし、電極群a5を用いたものを電池A5とし、電極群a6を用いたものを電池A6とし、電極群a7を用いたものを電池A7とした。また、電極群x2を用いたものを電池X2とし、電極群x3を用いたものを電池X3とした。
【0038】
ついで、これらの各電池A2〜A7,X2,X3をそれぞれ50個ずつ用いて、上述と同様にして高温放置試験を行った後、これらの各電池A2〜A7,X2,X3の電圧を測定して、試験前後の電圧差が0.5V以上(試験後の電池電圧が3.7V以下)のものを内部短絡が発生した電池と判定すると、下記の表2に示すような結果が得られた。なお、表2には上述した電池A1と電池X1の結果も併せて示している。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 2004327362
【0040】
上記表2の結果から明らかなように、電池X1,X2,X3は内部短絡の発生個数が多いことが分かる。これは、ゲル状電解質が充填された場合、セパレータ13の上下の全幅に亘って溶着部13c,13dが形成された電極群x3を用いた電池X3を充電状態で高温放置すると、正極11から発生したガスが電極群x3内から放散しにくくなって、電極群x3内に滞留するようになる。この結果、電極群x3に変形を生じたり、歪みが生じるようになって内部短絡が発生しやすくなったと考えられる。また、セパレータ13の上部の全幅に亘って溶着部13cが形成された電極群x2を用いた電池X2を充電状態で高温放置しても、同様の理由で内部短絡が発生しやすくなったと考えられる。
【0041】
一方、電池A1〜A7は内部短絡の発生個数が激減していることが分かる。これは、ゲル状電解質が充填された場合、セパレータ13の上部あるいは下部もしくは上下部の一部に溶着部13c(13d)が形成されていると、充電状態で高温放置してセパレータ13の熱収縮が起こり始めても、ゲル状電解質(e2)の接着力により、セパレータ13と各電極11,12との密着性が向上しているため、セパレータ13の熱収縮が抑制され、内部短絡の発生個数が減少することとなる。この場合、電極群の幅方向の中央部近傍は両端部近傍よりも構成圧が低いため、セパレータ13の収縮が起こりやすくなる。このため、溶着部13c(13d)は電極群の幅方向の中央部近傍に形成するのが望ましい。
【0042】
これらのことから、ゲル状電解質が充填された場合、セパレータ13の上部あるいは下部もしくは上下部の一部に形成する溶着部13c(13d)の幅寸法x,yは、電極群の幅寸法Xに対して5%以上で、95%以下にするのが望ましいということができる。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
上述したように、本発明の非水電解質二次電池10においては、外装体14内にゲル状非水電解質を備え、かつ渦巻状電極群の各電極11,12より上下方向に突出してセパレータ13が配設されているとともに、突出した部分13a(13b)の少なくとも一方の一部はセパレータ13a(13b)同士が溶着により一体的に接合されている。このため、高温放置してセパレータ13に熱収縮が発生しても、ゲル状電解質の接着力により、セパレータ13と各電極11,12との密着性が向上しているため、セパレータ13の熱収縮が抑制され、内部短絡の発生個数が減少することとなる。
【0044】
なお、上述した実施の形態においては、非水電解質の有機溶媒として、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)との混合溶媒を用いる例について説明したが、有機溶媒としては、カーボネート類、ラクトン類、エーテル類、ケトン類、ニトリル類、アミド類、スルホン系化合物、エステル類、芳香族炭化水素などを用いるようにしてもよいし、これら溶媒の2種類以上を混合して用いるようにしてもよい。これらの中でカーボネート類、ラクトン類、エーテル類、ケトン類、ニトリル類、エステル類などが好ましく、好適にはカーポネート類が望ましい。
【0045】
具体例としては、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、γ−ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、アニソール、1,4−ジオキサン、4−メチルー2−ペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルホルムアミド、スルホラン、蟻酸メチル、蟻酸エチル、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、プロピオン酸エチルなどを挙げることができ、充放電効率を高める点からプロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネートが好適である。
【0046】
また、上述した実施の形態においては、電解質として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF)を用いる例について説明したが、これ以外の電解質としては、過塩素酸リチウム(LiClO)、ホウフッ化リチウム(LiBF)、六フッ化珪酸リチウム(LiAsF)、トリフルオロメチルスルホン酸リチウム(LiCFSO)、ビストリフルオロメチルスルホニルイミドリチウム(LiN(CFSO)などのリチウム塩を用いるのが望ましい。中でも、LiPF、LiBFを用いるのが好ましく、有機溶媒に対する溶解量としては、0.5〜2.0モル/リットルとするのが好ましい。
【0047】
また、電極界面の被膜安定化、低被膜抵抗化などの目的で、ビニレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネート、トリフルオロメチルビニレンカーボネート、トリフルオロプロピレンカーボネート、無水マレイン酸、無水コハク酸、カテコール、レゾルシンなどを上記の如き電解液に添加するようにしてもよい。
【0048】
さらに、上述した実施の形態においては、ゲル用非水電解液を調製するに際して、熱重合性モノマー材料としてテトラエチレングリコールジアクリレートとトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレートを用い、重合開始剤としてt−ヘキシルパーオキシピバレートを用いる例について説明したが、これに限られることはない。例えば、機械的強度の高いPVdFなどの物理架橋ポリマーを用いても良く、PEO、PPO系のポリエーテル系、ポリエステル系、ポリカーボネート系などの高いイオン導電性を兼ね備える化学架橋ポリマーを用いても良い。
【0049】
また、モノマーを重合させる際には、重合開始剤を加えることなく電子線やγ線などの放射線を照射する方法、光増感剤などの紫外線重合開始剤を添加して紫外線を照射する方法、酸化還元系の開始剤を用いたレドックス系常温硬化法などが適用できるが、特別な装置を必要としない点で熱硬化法が好ましい。例えば、熱重合開始剤として有機過酸化物などを用いて恒温槽中で保持し、硬化することができる。電解液の質量に対するモノマーの量は1〜30質量%の範囲で添加することが好ましい。少なすぎる場合にはポリマーマトリックスの架橋密度が減少し、機械的強度が不足する結果、セパレータと電極との密着強度が得にくくなる。一方、多すぎる場合にはイオン伝導度が低下するため、急速充放電特性が低下してしまう。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の非水電解液二次電池に用いられる電極群を模式的に示す図であり、図1(a)は上面図であり、図1(b)は正面図であり、図1(c)は下面図である。
【図2】本発明の非水電解液二次電池を模式的に示す図であり、図2(a)は斜視図であり、図2(b)は図2(a)のA−A断面を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
10…非水電解液二次電池、11…正極、11a…正極リード、12…負極、12a…負極リード、13…セパレータ、13a…上突出部、13b…下突出部、13c…上溶着部、13d…下溶着部、14…外装体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a band-shaped positive electrode in which a positive electrode mixture is applied to a positive electrode current collector, and a band-shaped negative electrode in which a negative electrode mixture is applied to a negative electrode current collector are spirally wound facing each other via a band-shaped separator. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a spiral electrode group and a gel non-aqueous electrolyte in an outer package.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, as batteries used in portable electronic and communication devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, and small video cameras, positive electrode active materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions (for example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO) 2 ), Lithium manganate (LiMn) 2 O 4 ), And a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a negative electrode active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions (e.g., graphite, carbon, etc.) are small, light and have high capacity. Batteries have come to be widely used.
[0003]
This type of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is generally manufactured as follows. That is, first, a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material is applied to a positive electrode current collector to prepare a band-shaped positive electrode, and a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material is applied to a negative electrode current collector to form a band-shaped negative electrode. Make it. Thereafter, the obtained band-shaped positive electrode and band-shaped negative electrode are laminated with facing each other with a band-shaped separator interposed therebetween, and they are spirally wound to form a spiral electrode group having a perfect circular cross section. Then, this is housed in a cylindrical outer can, or a complete circular spiral electrode group is pressed and formed into a flat elliptical cross-sectional shape. And a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is injected into the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
[0004]
By the way, as a function of the separator for separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the separator basically has a short-circuit preventing function of preventing a direct short-circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and has a microporous structure that allows ions to permeate to cause a battery reaction. It is a necessary condition to have an ion transmission function that enables the above. However, as a separator used in this type of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a separator having a shutdown function (SD function) has been used from the viewpoint of improving safety. The SD function has a function to stop the battery reaction when the abnormal internal current occurs due to incorrect connection, etc., as the synthetic resin of the separator material melts and deforms as the battery internal temperature rises to close the micropores. Means
[0005]
However, at the time of abnormal heat generation of the battery, an internal short circuit caused by contraction of the separator occurs, and there is a possibility that safety may be reduced. For this reason, in order to suppress the shrinkage of the separator, a means of using high molecular weight polyethylene or mixing polypropylene has been taken. However, there has been a problem that the shutdown temperature rises and the current cutoff function becomes difficult to operate. In addition, when a separator that is uniaxially stretched in the width direction is used, shrinkage in the width direction can be suppressed, but there is a problem that the separator is easily torn in the stretching direction.
[0006]
Therefore, a battery in which an internal short circuit in which an electrode and an outer can come into contact with each other even when a separator thermally shrinks is prevented by attaching a short-circuit prevention tape to an upper portion of an outermost periphery of a spiral electrode group is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-157,086. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-251866). However, in the battery proposed in Patent Document 1, since the contraction of the separator arranged on the inner peripheral portion of the spiral electrode group cannot be prevented, both electrodes facing the contracted separator are formed by the electrode group. There was a problem of short circuit at the top or bottom.
[0007]
For this reason, in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-22794), it has been proposed to weld the upper and lower ends of the separator in order to prevent an internal short circuit due to contraction of the separator at a high temperature. According to this, the structure is such that the separator near the lead portion is welded, or when the battery is exposed to a high temperature, the separators are welded to each other so as to surround the electrode. As a result, it is possible to prevent an internal short circuit due to contraction of the separator at a high temperature.
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-251866 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2003-22794
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery proposed in JP-A-2003-22794, a liquid electrolyte (electrolyte) is used as the non-aqueous electrolyte. For this reason, when the battery temperature rises and the thermal contraction of the separator starts to occur, the tension between the welded portions above and below the spiral electrode group increases, and wrinkles occur in the separator inside the electrode group. As a result, the film is broken or torn by a slight stimulus, and there is a problem that a short circuit occurs at the portion where the torn or broken film occurs.
[0009]
Further, as proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-22794 described above, in the method of heat-welding the separators, even if the electrode group is slightly deformed by the influence of gas generated from the electrodes, a substantial welding effect is obtained. The problem that it became impossible to obtain was caused. It has also been found that it is almost impossible to uniformly weld the electrodes so as to surround them.
[0010]
Furthermore, in response to the demand for higher energy density of this type of nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, development of a laminate type battery using a laminate film as an exterior material has recently been advanced. However, in such a laminated battery, the pressing force is much smaller than in the case where a metal outer can made of aluminum or the like is used, so that there has been a problem that the electrode group is easily deformed. In particular, when the battery is exposed to a high temperature, a large amount of gas is generated, so that the deformation and distortion of the electrode group are more remarkable than when a metal outer can is used. For this reason, even if the electrode group is configured as described above, there is a problem that an effect is hardly obtained with respect to an internal short circuit.
[0011]
Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, even if the battery is abnormally heated and the separator shrinks, the occurrence of an internal short circuit at the upper and lower ends of the electrode group is suppressed. It is another object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having improved safety so that the battery does not burst or ignite.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a spiral electrode group in which a strip-shaped positive electrode and a strip-shaped negative electrode are spirally wound facing each other via a strip-shaped separator, and a gelled non-aqueous electrolyte. The belt-like separator is disposed so as to protrude vertically from each electrode of the spiral electrode group, and at least one part of the protruding portion is integrally formed by welding or bonding of the separators. It is characterized by being joined.
[0013]
As described above, the exterior body is provided with the gelled non-aqueous electrolyte, and the separator is disposed so as to protrude vertically from each electrode of the spiral electrode group, and at least one part of the protruding part is a part of the separator. Are integrally bonded by welding or bonding, even if the separator is left at a high temperature and thermal shrinkage of the separator starts to occur, the adhesion between the separator and each electrode is improved by the adhesive force of the gel electrolyte. For this reason, the heat shrinkage of the separator is suppressed, and the occurrence of an internal short circuit can be reduced. In this case, since the constituent pressure is lower in the vicinity of the center in the width direction of the electrode group than in the vicinity of both ends, the separator is likely to contract. For this reason, it is desirable that the joint be formed near the center in the width direction of the electrode group.
[0014]
In this case, if the width of the joint is too short, the effect of preventing an internal short circuit is insufficient, and if the width of the joint is too long, the generated gas stays in the electrode group. In addition, the deformation and distortion of the electrode group increase, and conversely, an internal short circuit occurs. For this reason, when the gel electrolyte is filled, the width of the joint formed at the upper part, lower part, or part of the upper and lower parts of the separator is 5% or more and 95% or less with respect to the width of the electrode group. It is desirable to do.
[0015]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 below. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment at all, and may be appropriately changed without changing the object of the present invention. It is possible to implement. FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an electrode group used in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a top view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a front view. 1 (c) is a bottom view. FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view, and FIG. 2 (b) is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2 (a). FIG.
[0016]
1. Preparation of positive electrode
Lithium cobaltate (LiCoO) as positive electrode active material 2 ) The powder was mixed with a carbon-based powder (for example, 5% by mass) such as acetylene black or graphite as a conductive agent to prepare a positive electrode mixture. This positive electrode mixture is kneaded with a binder solution obtained by dissolving a binder (for example, 3% by mass) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) in an organic solvent composed of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Thus, a positive electrode active material slurry or a positive electrode active material paste was prepared.
[0017]
Next, a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil (for example, having a thickness of 15 μm and a width of 54.0 mm) was prepared, and the positive electrode active material slurry or the positive electrode active material paste prepared as described above was used as the positive electrode current collector. Was uniformly coated on both surfaces of the mixture to form a positive electrode mixture layer. Here, the slurry was applied by using a die coater or a doctor blade, and the paste was applied by a roller coating method. Thereafter, the mixture was passed through a dryer to remove an organic solvent (NMP) necessary for preparing a slurry or a paste and dried. After drying, it was rolled by a roll press until the thickness became 0.17 mm, and cut into a predetermined shape to produce a belt-shaped positive electrode 11. In the belt-like positive electrode 11, the positive electrode slurry is not applied to a portion arranged on the outermost periphery at the time of winding, and an aluminum current collecting tab is ultrasonically welded to form a positive electrode lead 11 a.
[0018]
Note that the above-described LiCoO 2 is used as the positive electrode active material. 2 Besides, Li x MO 2 (Where M is at least one of Co, Ni and Mn, and 0.45 ≦ x ≦ 1.20), for example, a lithium transition metal composite oxide such as LiNiO 2 , LiNi y Co 1-y O 2 (However, 0.01 ≦ y ≦ 0.99), Li 0.5 MnO 2 , LiMnO 2 These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0019]
2. Fabrication of negative electrode
Binder solution obtained by dissolving natural graphite powder as a negative electrode active material and a binder (for example, 3% by mass) composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) in an organic solvent composed of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) Were kneaded to prepare a negative electrode active material slurry or a negative electrode active material paste. Next, a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil (for example, having a thickness of 12 μm and a width of 56.0 mm) was prepared, and the negative electrode active material slurry or the negative electrode active material paste prepared as described above was used as the negative electrode current collector. Was uniformly coated on both surfaces of the mixture to form a negative electrode mixture layer.
[0020]
Here, the slurry was applied by using a die coater or a doctor blade, and the paste was applied by a roller coating method. Thereafter, the mixture was passed through a dryer to remove an organic solvent (NMP) necessary for preparing a slurry or a paste and dried. After drying, it was rolled by a roll press until the thickness became 0.14 mm, and cut into a predetermined shape to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode 12. In the strip-shaped negative electrode 12, the negative electrode slurry is not applied to a portion arranged on the outermost periphery at the time of winding, and a nickel current collecting tab is ultrasonically welded to form the negative electrode lead 12 a.
[0021]
In addition, as the negative electrode active material, in addition to the above-described natural graphite, a carbon-based material capable of inserting and extracting lithium ions, for example, artificial graphite, carbon black, coke, glassy carbon, carbon fiber, or a fired body thereof. Lithium alloys such as metallic lithium, lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-lead alloy, lithium-tin alloy, SnO 2 , SnO, TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 3 Alternatively, a metal oxide having a lower potential than the positive electrode active material may be used.
[0022]
3. Preparation of electrode group
Next, a strip-shaped positive electrode 11 and a strip-shaped negative electrode 12 prepared as described above are prepared, and a strip-shaped separator made of a microporous polyethylene film (thickness: 0.025 mm, width: 59.0 mm) is prepared therebetween. 13 were superposed so that their center lines in the width direction coincided with each other. Thereafter, these were spirally wound by a winder, and the outermost periphery was taped to form a spiral electrode group. Next, this was crushed so that the cross-sectional shape became a flat elliptical shape, thereby producing a flat electrode group 10a.
[0023]
Here, an upper protruding portion 13a protruding 1.5 mm above the upper end of the negative electrode 12 is formed at an end in the width direction of the strip-shaped separator 13, and a lower protruding portion 13a protruding 1.5 mm below the lower end is formed. The protruding portion 13b is formed. Then, the x portion (a portion of 60% with respect to the width X of the flat electrode group 10a) at the center in the width direction of the upper protruding portion 13a is thermally welded to each other to be integrally joined, and the lower protruding portion 13b The y portion at the center in the width direction (60% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a) was thermally welded to each other and integrally joined to form an electrode group a. An electrode group x was used without heat-welding the protruding portions 13a and 13b. Instead of being integrated by heat welding, they may be integrally joined using an adhesive (for example, an epoxy-based adhesive, an acrylic-based adhesive, or the like) that does not adversely affect the battery reaction.
[0024]
4. Fabrication of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
First, LiPF was used as an electrolyte in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) mixed at a volume ratio of 3: 7. 6 Was dissolved at a rate of 1 mol / liter to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte, which was used as an electrolyte e1. Further, to the electrolyte solution e1 thus prepared, 3.0% by mass of tetraethylene glycol diacrylate and 1.0% by mass of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as a thermopolymerizable monomer material were added, and a polymerization initiator as a polymerization initiator was added. 0.3% by mass of t-hexyl peroxypivalate was added to prepare a non-aqueous electrolytic solution for gel, which was used as electrolytic solution e2.
[0025]
Next, the flat electrode group 10a (a, x) is housed in an exterior body 14 made of an aluminum laminated film, and is placed in a dry box. Then, the electrolyte solutions e1 and e2 prepared as described above are applied to the exterior body. 14 was injected. Next, the inside of the dry box was evacuated with a vacuum pump to create a reduced pressure atmosphere. Thus, the electrolyte injected into the exterior body 14 is impregnated into the electrode group. Thereafter, the opening of the exterior body 14 was temporarily sealed and taken out of the dry box. Next, in the case of using the electrolytic solution e2, after being placed in the heating device, the inside of the heating device was heated at a temperature of 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Thus, the thermopolymerizable monomer material was polymerized, and the electrolytic solution was hardened by gelation.
[0026]
Next, after the gas generated by performing the first charging was scattered, the opening of the outer package 14 was completely sealed, thereby producing nonaqueous electrolyte batteries A1, X1, Y1, and Y2, respectively. At this time, the positive electrode lead 11a extending from the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode lead 12a extending from the negative electrode 12 were completely sealed so as to be liquid-tightly sealed in the upper opening of the outer package 14. Here, a battery using the electrode group a and using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution e2 for gel was referred to as a battery A1. Similarly, a battery using the electrode group x and using the nonaqueous electrolyte e2 for gel is referred to as a battery X1, a battery using the electrode group a and using the nonaqueous electrolyte e1 as a battery Y1, and using the electrode group x. A battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte e1 was designated as a battery Y2.
[0027]
5. High temperature storage test
Then, using each of the 50 batteries A1, X1, Y1, Y2, the batteries were discharged at room temperature (about 25 ° C.) with a discharge current of 1 ItmA until the battery voltage reached 2.75 V. Thereafter, at room temperature (about 25 ° C.), the battery is charged at a constant current with a charging current of 1 ItmA until the battery voltage becomes 4.2 V. After reaching 4.2 V, the battery is charged at a constant voltage until the current value becomes 30 mA or less. Was charged. Next, after the batteries A1, X1, Y1, and Y2 in such a charged state were heated to 150 ° C. at a rate of 5 ° C./min, a high-temperature storage test of maintaining the temperature at 150 ° C. for 3 hours was performed. went. Thereafter, the voltages of these batteries A1, X1, Y1, and Y2 were measured, and those having a voltage difference of 0.5 V or more before and after the test (the battery voltage after the test was 3.7 V or less) had an internal short circuit. When the battery was determined, a result as shown in Table 1 below was obtained.
[0028]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004327362
[0029]
As is evident from the results in Table 1, in the battery Y2 using the electrode group x1 in which no welds were formed above and below the separator and using the electrolyte solution e1, an internal short circuit occurred in all the batteries. You can see that In addition, even when the electrode group a1 in which the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed on the upper and lower sides of the separator is used, in the battery Y1 using the electrolytic solution e1, the number of occurrences of the internal short circuit is large. This is because, when the battery Y2 in which the electrode group x1 in which the welded portion is not formed and the electrolyte solution e1 is charged is left at a high temperature in a charged state, thermal contraction of the separator occurs due to the high temperature, and the upper and lower ends of the electrode group x1 are It is considered that a short circuit occurred.
[0030]
On the other hand, when the battery Y1 in which the electrolytic solution e1 is filled in the electrode group a1 in which the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed above and below the separator 13 is left at a high temperature in a charged state, and thermal contraction of the separator 13 starts, the electrode group The tension of the separator 13 between the upper and lower welded portions increases, and wrinkles occur in the separator 13 inside the electrode group. As a result, it is considered that the membrane was broken or torn by a slight stimulus, and a short circuit was generated at the portion where the torn or torn.
[0031]
On the other hand, even if the electrode group x1 having no welds formed above and below the separator 13 is used, in the battery X1 gelled using the gel electrolyte (e2), the welds are formed above and below the separator 13. It can be seen that the number of occurrences of internal short-circuits is smaller than that of the battery Y1 in which the electrode group a1 on which the electrodes 13c and 13d are formed is filled with the electrolyte solution e1. Furthermore, it can be seen that in the battery A1 using the electrode group a1 in which the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed above and below the separator 13, and using the gel electrolyte (e2), no internal short circuit occurs.
[0032]
This is because, in the battery X1 in which the gel electrolyte (e2) is filled in the electrode group x1 in which the welded portion is not formed, the adhesion between the separator 13 and the electrodes 11 and 12 is caused by the adhesive force of the gel electrolyte (e2). This is considered to be due to the fact that the heat shrinkage of the separator 13 was suppressed. However, the suppression of thermal contraction of the separator 13 by the gel electrolyte alone can reduce the occurrence of internal short-circuits as compared with the batteries Y1 and Y2 using the liquid electrolyte, but it is still not sufficient.
[0033]
On the other hand, in the battery A1 in which the gel electrolyte (e2) is filled in the electrode group a1 in which the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed above and below the separator 13, the separator 13 and each electrode are formed by the adhesive force of the gel electrolyte (e2). Since the separators 11 and 12 are in close contact with each other, the thermal contraction of the separator is suppressed, and the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed on the upper portion 13a and the lower portion 13b of the separator 13, respectively. It is considered that the tension of the separator 13 between the upper and lower welded portions was increased, and the separator 13 inside the electrode group a1 did not wrinkle, and no internal short circuit occurred.
[0034]
6. Examination of separator welding width
Next, the welding widths x and y of the welded portions 13c and 13d of the separator 13 were examined. Therefore, an electrode group in which a welding portion 13d is formed on the lower protruding portion 13b such that the welding width y is 5% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a without forming a welding portion on the upper protruding portion 13a. The electrode was fabricated and used as an electrode group a2. Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a so that the welding width x is 5% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the electrode group is formed without forming the welding portion on the lower protruding portion 13b. This was made to be an electrode group a3. Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a such that the welding width x is 40% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the electrode group is formed without forming the welding portion on the lower protruding portion 13b. It was fabricated and used as an electrode group a4.
[0035]
Also, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a such that the welding width x is 60% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the electrode group is formed without forming the welding portion on the lower protruding portion 13b. This was fabricated and used as an electrode group a5. Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a such that the welding width x becomes 95% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the electrode group is formed without forming the welding portion on the lower protruding portion 13b. This was made to be an electrode group a6. Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a so that the welding width x is 95% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the welding width y is formed on the lower protruding portion 13b with the flat electrode group 10a. An electrode group was formed by forming a welded portion 13d so as to be 60% of the width X of the electrode group, and this was used as an electrode group a7.
[0036]
Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a such that the welding width x becomes 100% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the electrode group is formed without forming the welding portion on the lower protruding portion 13b. It was fabricated and used as an electrode group x2. Further, the welding portion 13c is formed on the upper protruding portion 13a such that the welding width x is 100% of the width X of the flat electrode group 10a, and the welding width y is formed on the lower protruding portion 13b with the flat electrode group 10a. An electrode group was formed by forming a welded portion 13d so as to be 100% with respect to the width X of the electrode group, and this was used as an electrode group x3.
[0037]
Next, while using these electrode groups a2 to a7 and x2 and x3, and using the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for gel e2 prepared as described above, the nonaqueous electrolyte batteries A2 to A7, X2 and X3 Were prepared respectively. The battery using the electrode group a2 is referred to as a battery A2, the battery using the electrode group a3 is referred to as a battery A3, the battery using the electrode group a4 is referred to as a battery A4, and the battery using the electrode group a5 is referred to as a battery A5. The battery using the electrode group a6 was referred to as a battery A6, and the battery using the electrode group a7 was referred to as a battery A7. The battery using the electrode group x2 was designated as a battery X2, and the battery using the electrode group x3 was designated as a battery X3.
[0038]
Next, after performing a high-temperature storage test in the same manner as described above using 50 of each of the batteries A2 to A7, X2, and X3, the voltages of the batteries A2 to A7, X2, and X3 were measured. When a battery having a voltage difference of 0.5 V or more before and after the test (the battery voltage after the test was 3.7 V or less) was determined to be a battery in which an internal short circuit occurred, the results shown in Table 2 below were obtained. . Table 2 also shows the results of the above-described battery A1 and battery X1.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004327362
[0040]
As is clear from the results in Table 2 above, the batteries X1, X2, and X3 have a large number of internal short circuits. This is caused by the positive electrode 11 when the battery X3 using the electrode group x3 in which the welded portions 13c and 13d are formed over the entire vertical width of the separator 13 is left in a charged state at a high temperature when the gel electrolyte is filled. It becomes difficult for the generated gas to diffuse from the inside of the electrode group x3, and stays inside the electrode group x3. As a result, it is considered that the electrode group x3 was deformed or distorted, and an internal short circuit was likely to occur. Further, even if the battery X2 using the electrode group x2 having the welded portion 13c formed over the entire width of the upper portion of the separator 13 is left at a high temperature in a charged state, an internal short circuit is likely to occur for the same reason. .
[0041]
On the other hand, in the batteries A1 to A7, it can be seen that the number of occurrences of the internal short circuit has been drastically reduced. This is because when the gel electrolyte is filled, if the welded portion 13c (13d) is formed on the upper part, lower part, or part of the upper and lower parts of the separator 13, the separator 13 is left at high temperature in a charged state and thermally contracted. Even when the occurrence of the occurrence of an internal short circuit, the adhesiveness of the gel electrolyte (e2) improves the adhesion between the separator 13 and each of the electrodes 11 and 12, so that the heat shrinkage of the separator 13 is suppressed and the number of internal short circuits is reduced. Will decrease. In this case, since the constituent pressure is lower in the vicinity of the center in the width direction of the electrode group than in the vicinity of both ends, the separator 13 is likely to contract. For this reason, it is desirable that the welded portion 13c (13d) be formed near the center in the width direction of the electrode group.
[0042]
From these facts, when the gel electrolyte is filled, the width x, y of the welded portion 13c (13d) formed on the upper part, lower part, or part of the upper and lower parts of the separator 13 is equal to the width X of the electrode group On the other hand, it can be said that it is desirable that the content be 5% or more and 95% or less.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 of the present invention, the separator 13 is provided with the gelled nonaqueous electrolyte in the outer casing 14 and protruding vertically from the electrodes 11 and 12 of the spiral electrode group. And at least one part of the protruding portion 13a (13b) is integrally joined to the separators 13a (13b) by welding. Therefore, even if the separator 13 is subjected to thermal shrinkage when left at a high temperature, the adhesion between the separator 13 and each of the electrodes 11 and 12 is improved by the adhesive force of the gel electrolyte. Is suppressed, and the number of occurrences of internal short circuits is reduced.
[0044]
Note that, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is used as the organic solvent of the nonaqueous electrolyte has been described. , Ethers, ketones, nitriles, amides, sulfone compounds, esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like, or two or more of these solvents may be used in combination. Good. Among these, carbonates, lactones, ethers, ketones, nitriles, esters and the like are preferable, and carbonates are more preferable.
[0045]
Specific examples include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, γ-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, anisole, 1,4-dioxane, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, cyclohexanone, acetonitrile, and acetonitrile. Pionitrile, diethyl carbonate, dimethylformamide, sulfolane, methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl propionate and the like, propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are preferred from the viewpoint of increasing the charge and discharge efficiency It is.
[0046]
In the above-described embodiment, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) is used as the electrolyte. 6 ) Has been described, but the other electrolyte is lithium perchlorate (LiClO). 4 ), Lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ), Lithium hexafluorosilicate (LiAsF) 6 ), Lithium trifluoromethylsulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), Lithium bistrifluoromethylsulfonylimide (LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 It is desirable to use a lithium salt such as Among them, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 Is preferably used, and the amount dissolved in the organic solvent is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 mol / l.
[0047]
Further, for the purpose of film stabilization at the electrode interface, low film resistance, etc., vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylvinylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, catechol, resorcinol, etc. May be added to the electrolytic solution as described above.
[0048]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, when preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for gel, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate are used as thermopolymerizable monomer materials, and t-hexylperoxy is used as a polymerization initiator. Although the example using the pivalate has been described, the invention is not limited to this. For example, a physically crosslinked polymer such as PVdF having high mechanical strength may be used, or a chemically crosslinked polymer having high ionic conductivity such as PEO, PPO-based polyether-based, polyester-based, and polycarbonate-based may be used.
[0049]
Further, when polymerizing the monomer, a method of irradiating radiation such as electron beam or γ-ray without adding a polymerization initiator, a method of adding an ultraviolet polymerization initiator such as a photosensitizer and irradiating ultraviolet rays, A redox-based room-temperature curing method using a redox-based initiator can be applied, but a thermosetting method is preferred because a special device is not required. For example, it can be held and cured in a thermostat using an organic peroxide or the like as a thermal polymerization initiator. It is preferable to add the monomer in an amount of 1 to 30% by mass based on the mass of the electrolytic solution. If the amount is too small, the crosslinking density of the polymer matrix decreases, and the mechanical strength becomes insufficient. As a result, it becomes difficult to obtain the adhesion strength between the separator and the electrode. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the ionic conductivity is reduced, so that the rapid charge / discharge characteristics are reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an electrode group used in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, FIG. 1 (a) is a top view, FIG. 1 (b) is a front view, FIG. 1C is a bottom view.
FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, FIG. 2 (a) is a perspective view, and FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 2 (a). FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, 11 ... Positive electrode, 11a ... Positive electrode lead, 12 ... Negative electrode, 12a ... Negative electrode lead, 13 ... Separator, 13a ... Upper protruding part, 13b ... Lower protruding part, 13c ... Upper welding part, 13d: lower welding portion, 14: exterior body

Claims (4)

帯状正極と帯状負極が帯状セパレータを介して相対向して渦巻状に巻回された渦巻状電極群とゲル状非水電解質を外装体内に備えた非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記帯状セパレータは前記渦巻状電極群の各電極より上下方向に突出して配設されているとともに、
前記突出した部分の少なくとも一方の一部はセパレータ同士が溶着あるいは接着により一体的に接合されていることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a spirally wound electrode group and a gel-like non-aqueous electrolyte, which are spirally wound with a strip-shaped positive electrode and a strip-shaped negative electrode facing each other via a strip-shaped separator,
The band-shaped separator is disposed so as to protrude vertically from each electrode of the spiral electrode group,
A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which at least one part of the protruding portion is integrally joined to the separators by welding or bonding.
前記接合部分は前記電極群の幅方向の中央部に形成するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。2. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the joining portion is formed at a central portion of the electrode group in a width direction. 3. 前記接合部分の幅寸法は前記電極群の幅寸法の5%以上で、95%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。3. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a width of the joining portion is 5% or more and 95% or less of a width of the electrode group. 4. 前記外装体はフィルム状外装体であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の非水電解質二次電池。The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exterior body is a film-shaped exterior body.
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