[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/

JP2004316828A - Underground buried pipe - Google Patents

Underground buried pipe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004316828A
JP2004316828A JP2003113541A JP2003113541A JP2004316828A JP 2004316828 A JP2004316828 A JP 2004316828A JP 2003113541 A JP2003113541 A JP 2003113541A JP 2003113541 A JP2003113541 A JP 2003113541A JP 2004316828 A JP2004316828 A JP 2004316828A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
surface area
specific surface
pipe
inorganic particles
cement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2003113541A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4248920B2 (en
Inventor
Akihiko Kodama
明彦 児玉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
Original Assignee
Taiheiyo Cement Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Taiheiyo Cement Corp filed Critical Taiheiyo Cement Corp
Priority to JP2003113541A priority Critical patent/JP4248920B2/en
Publication of JP2004316828A publication Critical patent/JP2004316828A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4248920B2 publication Critical patent/JP4248920B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underground buried pipe that can be used for establishment of an air conditioning system using geothermal heat and so on. <P>SOLUTION: This underground buried pipe consists of at least the cement, the pozzuolana fine powder, the fine aggregate material of grain size less than 2 mm, the water reducing agent and the hardening body of the composition including water and incorporates the pipe. The above composition has a specific surface area by blaine of 2,500 to 30,000 cm<SP>2</SP>/g and can contain an inorganic particle having a bigger specific surface area by blaine than that of the above cement. The above inorganic particle can be composed of the inorganic particle A of the specific surface area by blaine of 5,000 to 30,000 cm<SP>2</SP>/g and the inorganic particle B of the specific surface area by blaine of 2,500 to 5,000 cm<SP>2</SP>/g. It is desirable that the above underground buried pipe has the unevenness on its surface. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築等に使用可能な地中埋設管に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、外気に左右されず年間を通して安定した温度に保たれる地熱を利用した冷暖房システムとして、2重の鋼管からなる地熱利用チューブを縦向き状態に地中に埋設し、外気を、このチューブに通して地中熱と熱交換させて屋内に送りこみ、屋内空間を、夏は涼しく、冬は暖かくすることができる冷暖房システムが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1)。前記冷暖房システムで使用される地熱利用チューブは、外管鋼管の内部に、内管が同芯状態に入れられ、内管と外管の間に上下方向に延びる環状の通気部が形成されたものであり、外気は、地熱利用チューブの上部で環状通気部に吸い込まれ、この環状通気部を下降していき、この下降の過程で、外管を通じて地中熱と熱交換を行う。熱交換された空気は、内管内に吸い込まれ、内管内を上昇して上端から屋内に送りこまれる。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開2003−35455号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記地熱利用チューブでは、外気は環状通気部を下降していく過程で地中熱と熱交換を行うものであるため、例えば、夏期のように外気の温度が30℃を越えるような場合や、冬期のように外気の温度が5℃以下のような場合では、地熱利用チューブを極端に長くしなければ、外気と地中熱の十分な熱交換を行えないという問題がある。また、上記地熱利用チューブでは、特に夏期において、外気が地中熱と熱交換して冷やされることで結露を起こし、外管内部や内管外部に錆が発生するという問題もある。
【0005】
本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑みなされたものであって、その目的は、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築等に好適に使用することができる地中埋設管を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、特定の材料を含む配合物の硬化体からなり、かつ、パイプを内蔵する地中埋設管であれば、上記課題を解決することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0007】
即ち、本発明は、少なくとも、セメント、ポゾラン質微粉末、粒径2mm以下の細骨材、減水剤、及び水を含む配合物の硬化体からなる地中埋設管であって、パイプを内蔵することを特徴とする地中埋設管である(請求項1)。このように構成した地中埋設管は、高熱伝導率を有する硬化体からなるので、パイプ内に液体や気体を流すことにより、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換を効果的に行うことができる。また、パイプの配置を工夫することによって、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換距離を長くすることができるので、地中埋設管自体の長さを極端に長くする必要はなくなる。また、本発明の配合物の硬化体は、130MPa以上の圧縮強度と20MPa以上の曲げ強度を発現するので、該硬化体からなる本発明の地中埋設管は、構造部材として使用することも可能である。
上記地中埋設管は、配合物に、ブレーン比表面積が2500〜30000cm/gで、かつ上記セメントよりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有する無機粒子を含むことができる(請求項2)。このように配合物に無機粒子を含むことによって、配合物の流動性や、地中埋設管の強度や耐久性を向上させることができる。
上記無機粒子は、ブレーン比表面積5000〜30000cm/gの無機粒子Aと、ブレーン比表面積2500〜5000cm/gの無機粒子Bとから構成することができる(請求項3)。このようにブレーン比表面積の異なる2種の無機粒子を用いることによって、配合物の流動性をより一層向上させることができる。
上記地中埋設管は、配合物に、金属繊維、有機繊維及び炭素繊維からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の繊維を含むことができる(請求項4)。このように金属繊維等を含むことによって、地中埋設管の曲げ強度や破壊エネルギー等を向上させることができる。
上記地中埋設管は、表面に凹凸を形成させることができる(請求項5)。このように表面に凹凸を形成させることによって伝熱面積が大きくなり、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換をより効果的に行うことができる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
最初に、地中埋設管(硬化体)の製造に使用する材料およびその配合割合について説明する。
本発明で使用するセメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント等の各種ポルトランドセメントが挙げられる。
本発明において、地中埋設管の早期強度を向上させようとする場合には、早強ポルトランドセメントを使用することが好ましく、配合物の流動性を向上させようとする場合には、中庸熱ポルトランドセメントや低熱ポルトランドセメントを使用することが好ましい。
【0009】
セメントのブレーン比表面積は、2500〜5000cm/gが好ましく、3000〜4500cm/gがより好ましい。該値が2500cm/g未満であると、水和反応が不活発になって、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する等の欠点があり、5000cm/gを超えると、セメントの粉砕に時間がかかり、また、所定の流動性を得るための水量が多くなるため、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する等の欠点がある。
【0010】
ポゾラン質微粉末としては、シリカフューム、シリカダスト、フライアッシュ、スラグ、火山灰、シリカゾル、沈降シリカ等が挙げられる。
一般に、シリカフュームやシリカダストは、そのBET比表面積が5〜25m/gであり、粉砕等をする必要がないので、本発明のポゾラン質微粉末として好適である。
ポゾラン質微粉末のBET比表面積は、5〜25m/gが好ましく、8〜25m/gがより好ましい。該値が5m/g未満であると、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する等の欠点があり、25m/gを超えると、所定の流動性を得るための水量が多くなるため、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する等の欠点がある。
ポゾラン質微粉末の配合量は、セメント100質量部に対して5〜50質量部、好ましくは10〜40質量部である。配合量が5〜50質量部の範囲外では、流動性が極端に低下するので地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する等の欠点がある。
【0011】
本発明においては、粒径2mm以下の細骨材が用いられる。ここで、細骨材の粒径とは、85%質量累積粒径である。細骨材の粒径が2mmを超えると、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下するので好ましくない。
なお、本発明においては、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度等から、最大粒径が2mm以下の細骨材を用いることが好ましく、最大粒径が1.5mm以下の細骨材を用いることがより好ましい。また、配合物の流動性等から、75μm以下の粒子の含有量が2.0質量%以下である細骨材を用いることが好ましく、75μm以下の粒子の含有量が1.5質量%以下である細骨材を用いることがより好ましい。
細骨材としては、川砂、陸砂、海砂、砕砂、珪砂等又はこれらの混合物を使用することができる。
細骨材の配合量は、配合物の流動性、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度等の観点から、セメント100質量部に対して50〜250質量部であることが好ましく、80〜200質量部であることがより好ましい。
【0012】
減水剤としては、リグニン系、ナフタレンスルホン酸系、メラミン系、ポリカルボン酸系の減水剤、AE減水剤、高性能減水剤又は高性能AE減水剤を使用することができる。これらのうち、減水効果の大きな高性能減水剤又は高性能AE減水剤を使用することが好ましく、特に、ポリカルボン酸系の高性能減水剤又は高性能AE減水剤を使用することが好ましい。
減水剤の配合量は、セメント100質量部に対して、固形分換算で0.1〜4.0質量部が好ましく、0.1〜2.0質量部がより好ましい。配合量が0.1質量部未満では、混練が困難になるとともに、流動性が低下し、地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点がある。配合量が4.0質量部を超えると、材料分離や著しい凝結遅延が生じ、また、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下することもある。
なお、減水剤は、液状または粉末状のいずれでも使用することができる。
【0013】
水量は、セメント100質量部に対して、10〜30質量部が好ましく、より好ましくは12〜25質量部である。水の量が10質量部未満では、混練が困難になるとともに、流動性が低下し、地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点がある。水の量が30質量部を超えると、硬化体の熱伝導率や地中埋設管の強度が低下する。
【0014】
本発明においては、配合物の流動性や、地中埋設管の強度や耐久性を向上させる観点から、前記配合物に、ブレーン比表面積が2500〜30000cm/gで、かつ上記セメントよりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有する無機粒子を含ませることが好ましい。
無機粒子としては、スラグ、石灰石粉末、長石類、ムライト類、アルミナ粉末、石英粉末、フライアッシュ、火山灰、シリカゾル、炭化物粉末、窒化物粉末等が挙げられる。中でも、スラグ、石灰石粉末、石英粉末は、コストの点や硬化後の品質安定性の点で好ましく用いられる。
無機粒子は、ブレーン比表面積が好ましくは2500〜30000cm/g、より好ましくは4500〜20000cm/gで、かつセメント粒子よりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有する。無機粒子のブレーン比表面積が2500cm/g未満であると、セメントとのブレーン比表面積の差が小さくなり、高い流動性(自己充填性)を確保することが困難になるので地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点があり、30000cm/gを超えると、粉砕に手間がかかるため材料が入手し難くなったり、高い流動性が得られ難くなるので地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点がある。
【0015】
無機粒子がセメントよりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有することによって、無機粒子が、セメントとポゾラン質微粉末との間隙を埋める粒度を有することになり、高い流動性(自己充填性)等を確保することができる。
無機粒子とセメントとのブレーン比表面積の差は、配合物の流動性と地中埋設管の強度の観点から、1000cm/g以上が好ましく、2000cm/g以上がより好ましい。
無機粒子の配合量は、配合物の流動性や、地中埋設管の強度や耐久性等の観点から、セメント100質量部に対して55質量部以下が好ましく、10〜50質量部がより好ましい。
【0016】
本発明においては、無機粒子として、異なる2種の無機粒子A及び無機粒子Bを併用することができる。
この場合、無機粒子Aと無機粒子Bは、同じ種類の粉末(例えば、石灰石粉末)を使用してもよいし、異なる種類の粉末(例えば、石灰石粉末及び石英粉末)を使用してもよい。
無機粒子Aは、ブレーン比表面積が5000〜30000cm/g、好ましくは6000〜20000cm/gのものである。また、無機粒子Aは、セメント及び無機粒子Bよりもブレーン比表面積が大きいものである。
無機粒子Aのブレーン比表面積が5000cm/g未満であると、セメントや無機粒子Bとのブレーン比表面積の差が小さくなり、前記の1種の無機粒子を用いる場合と比べて、流動性等を向上させる効果が小さくなるばかりか、2種の無機粒子を用いているために、材料の準備に手間がかかるので、好ましくない。該ブレーン比表面積が30000cm/gを超えると、粉砕に手間がかかるため、材料が入手し難くなったり、高い流動性が得られ難くなるので地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点がある。
【0017】
また、無機粒子Aが、セメント及び無機粒子Bよりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有することによって、無機粒子Aが、セメント及び無機粒子Bと、ポゾラン質微粉末との間隙を埋めるような粒度を有することになり、より優れた流動性等を確保することができる。
無機粒子Aとセメント及び無機粒子Bとのブレーン比表面積の差(換言すれば、無機粒子Aと、セメントと無機粒子Bのうちブレーン比表面積の大きい方とのブレーン比表面積の差)は、配合物の流動性と地中埋設管の強度の観点から、1000cm/g以上が好ましく、2000cm/g以上がより好ましい。
【0018】
無機粒子Bのブレーン比表面積は、2500〜5000cm/gである。また、セメントと無機粒子Bとのブレーン比表面積の差は、100cm/g以上が好ましく、配合物の流動性と地中埋設管の強度の観点から、200cm/g以上がより好ましい。
無機粒子Bのブレーン比表面積が2500cm/g未満であると、流動性が低下して自己充填性が得られ難くなるので地中埋設管の製造に手間がかかる等の欠点があり、5000cm/gを超えると、ブレーン比表面積の数値が無機粒子Aに近づくため、前記の1種の無機粒子を用いる場合と比べて、流動性等を向上させる効果が小さくなるばかりか、2種の無機粒子を用いているために、材料の準備に手間がかかるので、好ましくない。
また、セメントと無機粒子Bとのブレーン比表面積の差が100cm/g以上であることによって、配合物を構成する粒子の充填性が向上し、より優れた流動性等を確保することができる。
【0019】
無機粒子Aの配合量は、セメント100質量部に対して50質量部以下が好ましく、10〜40質量部がより好ましい。無機粒子Bの配合量は、セメント100質量部に対して40質量部以下が好ましく、5〜35質量部がより好ましい。無機粒子A及び無機粒子Bの配合量が前記の数値範囲外では、前記の1種の無機粒子を用いる場合と比べて、流動性等を向上させる効果が小さくなるばかりか、2種の無機粒子を用いているために、材料の準備に手間がかかるので、好ましくない。
なお、無機粒子Aと無機粒子Bの合計量は、セメント100質量部に対して55質量部以下が好ましく、より好ましくは10〜50質量部である。
【0020】
本発明においては、地中埋設管の曲げ強度や破壊強度等を大幅に高める観点から、配合物に、金属繊維、有機繊維及び炭素繊維からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の繊維を配合することが好ましい。
金属繊維は、地中埋設管の曲げ強度等を大幅に高める観点から、配合される。
金属繊維としては、鋼繊維、ステンレス繊維、アモルファス繊維等が挙げられる。中でも、鋼繊維は、強度に優れており、また、コストや入手のし易さの点からも好ましいものである。金属繊維の寸法は、配合物中における金属繊維の材料分離の防止や、硬化体の曲げ強度の向上の点から、直径が0.01〜1.0mm、長さが2〜30mmであることが好ましく、直径が0.05〜0.5mm、長さが5〜25mmであることがより好ましい。また、金属繊維のアスペクト比(繊維長/繊維直径)は、好ましくは20〜200、より好ましくは40〜150である。
【0021】
金属繊維の形状は、直線状よりも、何らかの物理的付着力を付与する形状(例えば、螺旋状や波形)が好ましい。螺旋状等の形状にすれば、金属繊維とマトリックスとが引き抜けながら応力を担保するため、曲げ強度が向上する。
金属繊維の好適な例としては、例えば、直径が0.5mm以下、引張強度が1〜3.5GPaの鋼繊維からなり、かつ、120MPaの圧縮強度を有するセメント系硬化体のマトリックスに対する界面付着強度(付着面の単位面積当たりの最大引張力)が3MPa以上であるものが挙げられる。本例において、金属繊維は、波形または螺旋形の形状に加工することができる。また、本例の金属繊維の周面上に、マトリックスに対する運動(長手方向の滑り)に抵抗するための溝または突起を付けることもできる。また、本例の金属繊維は、鋼繊維の表面に、鋼繊維のヤング係数よりも小さなヤング係数を有する金属層(例えば、亜鉛、錫、銅、アルミニウム等から選ばれる1種以上からなるもの)を設けたものとしてもよい。
【0022】
金属繊維の配合量は、配合物中の体積百分率で、好ましくは4%以下、より好ましくは0.5〜3%、特に好ましくは1〜3%である。該配合量が4%を超えると、流動性等を確保するために単位水量が増大するうえ、配合量を増やしても金属繊維の補強効果が向上しないため、経済的でなく、さらに、混練物中でいわゆるファイバーボールを生じ易くなるので、好ましくない。
【0023】
有機繊維及び炭素繊維は、地中埋設管の破壊エネルギー等を高める観点から、配合される。
有機繊維としては、ビニロン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、アラミド繊維等が挙げられる。中でも、ビニロン繊維及び/又はポリプロピレン繊維は、コストや入手のし易さの点で好ましく用いられる。
炭素繊維としては、PAN系炭素繊維やピッチ系炭素繊維が挙げられる。
有機繊維及び炭素繊維の寸法は、配合物中におけるこれら繊維の材料分離の防止や、硬化後の破壊エネルギーの向上の点から、直径が0.005〜1.0mm、長さ2〜30mmであることが好ましく、直径が0.01〜0.5mm、長さ5〜25mmであることがより好ましい。また、有機繊維及び炭素繊維のアスペクト比(繊維長/繊維直径)は、好ましくは20〜200、より好ましくは30〜150である。
【0024】
有機繊維及び炭素繊維の配合量は、配合物中の体積百分率で好ましくは10.0%以下、より好ましくは1.0〜9.0%、特に好ましくは2.0〜8.0%である。配合量が10.0%を超えると、流動性等を確保するために単位水量が増大するうえ、配合量を増やしても繊維の増強効果が向上しないため、経済的でなく、さらに、混練物中にいわゆるファイバーボールを生じ易くなるので、好ましくない。
【0025】
次に、配合物および硬化体の物性(フロー値、圧縮強度、曲げ強度、破壊エネルギー、熱伝導率)を説明する。
配合物のフロー値は、好ましくは230mm以上、より好ましくは240mm以上である。なお、本明細書中において、フロー値とは、「JIS R 5201(セメントの物理試験方法)11.フロー試験」に記載される方法において、15回の落下運動を行なわないで測定した値(本明細書中において、「0打フロー値」ともいう。)である。
また、前記フロー試験において、フロー値が200mmに達する時間は、好ましくは10.5秒以内、より好ましくは10.0秒以内である。
硬化体の圧縮強度は、好ましくは130MPa以上、より好ましくは135MPa以上である。
硬化体の曲げ強度は、好ましくは20MPa以上、より好ましくは22MPa以上、特に好ましくは25MPa以上である。特に、配合物が金属繊維を含む場合には、硬化体の曲げ強度は、好ましくは30MPa以上、より好ましくは32MPa以上、特に好ましくは35MPa以上である。
硬化体の破壊エネルギーは、例えば、金属繊維、有機繊維及び炭素繊維のいずれか1種以上を配合した場合において、好ましくは10KJ/m以上、より好ましくは20KJ/m以上である。
硬化体の熱伝導率は、好ましくは2.0W/(m・k)以上、より好ましくは2.1W/(m・k)以上である。
【0026】
なお、前記熱伝導率は、以下の方法で測定する。
図1は、本発明の材料で製造した硬化体の熱伝導率を測定するための円筒供試体の模式図である。
図1に示すように、鋼管1(φ1.8×60cm)を内蔵した円筒供試体2(φ20×40cm)の上面および下面には、断熱材(図示せず)が設置されている。そして、該鋼管1の中には、直径1.6cmの電気ヒーターが配設され、高さ方向の中心部に熱電対3がセットされている。
【0027】
熱伝導率を測定する場合、円筒供試体を温度制御された液体(水)に漬し、一定電力を電気ヒーターに供給する。
該円筒供試体中心部と外面の温度が平衡状態になったとき、両者の温度を測定し、下記の式から熱伝導率を算出する。
λ=Q・ln(b/a)/(2・π・L・(Ta−Tb))・・・・(1)
ここで、λ :熱伝導率(W/(m・k))
Q :電力(W)
a :鋼管の外径(m)
b :供試体の外径(m)
L :供試体の高さ(m)
Ta:供試体中心部温度(℃)
Tb:供試体の外面温度(℃)
【0028】
次に、本発明の地中埋設管について説明する。
本発明の地中埋設管は、高熱伝導率に着眼し、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築用等に開発されたものである。
本発明の地中埋設管の寸法は、地中埋設管の製造の手間やコスト、地中埋設管を地中に埋設する際の手間、地中埋設管の耐久性、地中埋設管中のパイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換の効率等から、外径20〜120cm、厚さ2〜15cm、高さが2〜15mの中空管であることが好ましい。
【0029】
本発明の地中埋設管は、その表面(外面)に、凹凸が形成されていることが好ましい。表面(外面)に凹凸を形成することにより、表面(外面)の表面積(伝熱面積)を増大させることができ、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換をより効果的に行うことができる。
本発明において凹凸を形成した場合は、その表面積は凹凸を形成しない場合の表面積の8.00倍以下であることが好ましく、1.05〜5.00倍がより好ましく、1.10〜3.00倍が特に好ましい。該数値が8.00倍を越えると、熱交換の効果は向上するのであるが、地中埋設管の製造が困難となるうえ、地中埋設管の耐久性(特に、凹凸部分の耐久性)が低下するので好ましくない。表面(外面)に形成する凹凸は、特に限定するものではなく、例えば、断面が台形の長尺のリブを高さ方向に多数平行に形成すればよい。
なお、本発明においては、地中埋設管の耐久性(特に、凹凸部分の耐久性)から、凹凸部の高さの差は、10mm以下であることが好ましく、0.5〜5mmであることがより好ましい。
【0030】
本発明の地中埋設管は、パイプを内蔵するものである。パイプとしては、ステンレスパイプ、スチールパイプ、樹脂パイプ等が挙げられる。本発明の地中埋設管では、パイプ内に液体や気体を流すことにより、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換を行うものである。
本発明の地中埋設管は、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築等に使用することから、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換を効果的に行わせる必要がある。そのため、地中埋設管内のパイプの長さは、地中埋設管の高さの10〜30倍となるように配設することが好ましく、地中埋設管の高さの15〜25倍となるように配設することが好ましい。
【0031】
本発明の地中埋設管の製造方法について説明する。
配合物の混練方法は、特に限定するものではなく、例えば、(a)水、減水剤以外の材料を予め混合して、プレミックス材を調製しておき、該プレミックス材、水及び減水剤をミキサに投入し、混練する方法、(b)粉末状の減水剤を用意し、水以外の材料を予め混合して、プレミックス材を調製しておき、該プレミックス材及び水をミキサに投入し、混練する方法、(c)各材料を各々個別にミキサに投入し、混練する方法、等を採用することができる。
混練に用いるミキサは、通常のコンクリートの混練に用いられるどのタイプのものでもよく、例えば、揺動型ミキサ、パンタイプミキサ、二軸練りミキサ等が用いられる。
混練後、配合物を所定の型枠に流し込み、養生することにより、本発明の地中埋設管が得られる。パイプの内蔵は、前記型枠内にパイプを設置し、配合物を該型枠に流し込むことにより行うことができる。なお、本発明では、遠心成形を行うこともできる。
前述したように、本発明で用いる配合物は、0打フロー値が230mm以上と流動性に優れ、自己充填性を有するので、型枠への投入等を容易に行なうことができる。
なお、養生方法は、特に限定するものではなく、蒸気養生や気中養生等を行なえばよい。
【0032】
本発明の地中埋設管の利用について説明する。
本発明の地中埋設管は、縦向き状態に地中に埋設して、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築に使用する。すなわち、地中熱と熱交換されたパイプ内の液体や気体を、建築構造物の床、壁等にパイプを通して流すことにより、屋内空間を、夏は涼しく、冬は暖かくすることができる。
また、本発明の配合物の硬化体は、130MPa以上の圧縮強度と20MPa以上の曲げ強度を発現するので、該硬化体からなる本発明の地中埋設管は、構造部材としての使用も可能である。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明する。
[1.使用材料]
以下に示す材料を使用した。
(1)セメント;低熱ポルトランドセメント(太平洋セメント社製;ブレーン比表面積3200cm/g)
(2)ポゾラン質微粉末;シリカフューム(BET比表面積10m/g)
(3)無機粒子A;石英粉末A(ブレーン比表面積7500cm/g)
(4)無機粒子B;石英粉末B(ブレーン比表面積4000cm/g)
(5)細骨材;珪砂(最大粒径0.6mm、75μm以下の粒子の含有量0.3質量%)
(6)金属繊維;鋼繊維(直径:0.2mm、長さ:13mm)
(7)減水剤;ポリカルボン酸系高性能AE減水剤
(8)水;水道水
【0034】
実施例1
低熱ポルトランドセメント100質量部、シリカフューム32質量部、石英粉末A39質量部、珪砂120質量部、高性能AE減水剤1.0質量部(セメントに対する固形分)、水22質量部をニ軸ミキサに投入し、混練した。
該配合物のフロー値を、「JIS R 5201(セメントの物理試験方法)11.フロー試験」に記載される方法において、15回の落下運動を行なわないで測定した。その結果、フロー値は260mmであった。
また、前記配合物をφ50×100mmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の圧縮強度(3本の平均値)は210MPaであった。
また、前記配合物を4×4×16cmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の曲げ強度(3本の平均値)は25MPaであった。
また、前記配合物を用いて図1に示すような鋼管を内蔵した円筒供試体(φ20×40cm)を作製し(養生は、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した)、その上面および下面に断熱材を貼付したのち、該円筒供試体を精密冷水槽および制御測定装置((株)チノー社製)内に設置した(水槽内には水を満たした)。そして、該鋼管内に直径1.6cmの電気ヒーターを配設したのち、一定電力(90W)を供給し、円筒供試体中心部と外面の温度が平衡状態になったとき、両者の温度を測定し、前記(1)式から熱伝導率を算出した。該硬化体の熱伝導率は2.05W/m・kであった。
【0035】
実施例2
低熱ポルトランドセメント100質量部、シリカフューム32質量部、石英粉末A26質量部、石英粉末B13質量部、珪砂120質量部、高性能AE減水剤1.0質量部(セメントに対する固形分)、水22質量部をニ軸ミキサに投入し、混練した。
該配合物のフロー値を、「JIS R 5201(セメントの物理試験方法)11.フロー試験」に記載される方法において、15回の落下運動を行なわないで測定した。その結果、フロー値は285mmであった。
また、前記配合物をφ50×100mmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の圧縮強度(3本の平均値)は230MPaであった。
また、前記配合物を4×4×16cmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の曲げ強度(3本の平均値)は28MPaであった。
また、実施例1と同様に熱伝導率を算出した。該硬化体の熱伝導率は2.1W/m・kであった。
【0036】
実施例3
低熱ポルトランドセメント100質量部、シリカフューム32質量部、石英粉末A26質量部、石英粉末B13質量部、珪砂120質量部、高性能AE減水剤1.0質量部(セメントに対する固形分)、水22質量部、鋼繊維(配合物中の体積の2%)をニ軸ミキサに投入し、混練した。
該配合物のフロー値を、「JIS R 5201(セメントの物理試験方法)11.フロー試験」に記載される方法において、15回の落下運動を行なわないで測定した。その結果、フロー値は265mmであった。
また、前記配合物をφ50×100mmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の圧縮強度(3本の平均値)は230MPaであった。
また、前記配合物を4×4×16cmの型枠内に流し込み、20℃で48時間前置き後、90℃で48時間蒸気養生した。該硬化体の曲げ強度(3本の平均値)は47MPaであった。
また、実施例1と同様に熱伝導率を算出した。該硬化体の熱伝導率は2.4W/m・kであった。
【0037】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の地中埋設管は、高熱伝導率を有する硬化体からなるので、パイプ内に液体や気体を流すことにより、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換を効果的に行うことができる。そして、地中熱と熱交換されたパイプ内の液体や気体を、建築構造物の床、壁等にパイプを通して流すことにより、屋内空間を、夏は涼しく、冬は暖かくすることができる。このように、本発明の地中埋設管は、地熱を利用した冷暖房システムの構築に好適に使用することができる。なお、本発明の地中埋設管では、パイプの配置を工夫することによって、パイプ内の液体や気体と地中熱との熱交換距離を長くすることができるので、地中埋設管自体の長さを極端に長くする必要はない。
【0038】
本発明の配合物の硬化体は、130MPa以上の圧縮強度と20MPa以上の曲げ強度を発現するので、該硬化体からなる本発明の地中埋設管は、構造部材として使用することも可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の材料で製造した硬化体の熱伝導率を測定するための円筒供試体の模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1 鋼管
2 円筒供試体
3 熱電対
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an underground pipe that can be used for construction of a cooling and heating system using geothermal heat.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a cooling and heating system using geothermal energy that is maintained at a stable temperature throughout the year without being affected by outside air, a geothermal utilization tube made of a double steel pipe is buried in the ground in a vertical state, and the outside air is A cooling and heating system has been proposed in which heat can be exchanged with ground heat to be sent indoors, and the indoor space can be cooled in summer and warm in winter (for example, Patent Document 1). The geothermal utilization tube used in the cooling and heating system has an outer pipe steel pipe in which an inner pipe is placed in a concentric state, and an annular ventilation portion extending vertically is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. The outside air is sucked into the annular ventilation portion at the upper part of the geothermal utilization tube, descends down the annular ventilation portion, and in the process of descending, exchanges heat with ground heat through the outer pipe. The heat exchanged air is sucked into the inner pipe, rises in the inner pipe, and is sent indoors from the upper end.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2003-35455 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-mentioned geothermal utilization tube, since the outside air exchanges heat with the ground heat in the process of descending through the annular ventilation portion, for example, when the temperature of the outside air exceeds 30 ° C. as in summer, When the temperature of the outside air is 5 ° C. or lower as in winter, there is a problem that sufficient heat exchange between the outside air and the ground heat cannot be performed unless the geothermal utilization tube is extremely long. In addition, the above-mentioned geothermal utilization tube has a problem in that, particularly in summer, outside air exchanges heat with ground heat and is cooled, thereby causing dew condensation, and rust is generated inside the outer tube and outside the inner tube.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the related art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an underground pipe that can be suitably used for construction of a cooling and heating system using geothermal heat. .
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventor of the present invention has conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. The present invention was completed.
[0007]
That is, the present invention is an underground pipe comprising at least a cement, a pozzolanic fine powder, a fine aggregate having a particle size of 2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, and a cured product containing water, and the pipe is incorporated therein. An underground pipe characterized by the following characteristics (claim 1). Since the underground pipe constructed in this way is made of a hardened body with high thermal conductivity, by flowing liquid or gas through the pipe, heat exchange between the liquid or gas in the pipe and the ground heat is effective. Can be done. Also, by devising the arrangement of the pipes, the heat exchange distance between the liquid or gas in the pipes and the underground heat can be increased, so that the length of the underground pipe itself does not need to be extremely long. . Further, since the cured product of the compound of the present invention exhibits a compressive strength of 130 MPa or more and a bending strength of 20 MPa or more, the underground pipe of the present invention composed of the cured product can be used as a structural member. It is.
The underground pipe may contain, in the composition, inorganic particles having a Blaine specific surface area of 2,500 to 30,000 cm 2 / g and a Blaine specific surface area larger than that of the cement (Claim 2). By including the inorganic particles in the composition, the fluidity of the composition and the strength and durability of the underground pipe can be improved.
The inorganic particles may be composed of inorganic particles A of Blaine specific surface area 5000~30000cm 2 / g, the Blaine specific surface area 2500~5000cm 2 / g and inorganic particles B (claim 3). By using two kinds of inorganic particles having different Blaine specific surface areas as described above, the fluidity of the blend can be further improved.
The underground pipe may include, in the composition, at least one fiber selected from the group consisting of metal fibers, organic fibers, and carbon fibers (claim 4). By including metal fibers and the like in this manner, the bending strength, breaking energy, and the like of the underground pipe can be improved.
The underground pipe can be formed with irregularities on its surface (claim 5). By forming the irregularities on the surface in this way, the heat transfer area is increased, and the heat exchange between the liquid or gas in the pipe and the underground heat can be performed more effectively.
[0008]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
First, a description will be given of materials used in the production of an underground pipe (cured body) and the mixing ratio thereof.
Examples of the cement used in the present invention include various Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, and low heat Portland cement.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use early-strength Portland cement when it is intended to improve the early strength of the underground pipe, and when it is intended to improve the fluidity of the compound, it is preferable to use moderately heated Portland cement. It is preferable to use Portland cement or low heat Portland cement.
[0009]
Blaine specific surface area of the cement, preferably 2500~5000cm 2 / g, 3000~4500cm 2 / g is more preferable. If the value is less than 2500 cm 2 / g, the hydration reaction becomes inactive, and there are drawbacks such as a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the cured product and the strength of the underground pipe, which exceeds 5000 cm 2 / g. In this case, it takes time to pulverize the cement, and the amount of water for obtaining a predetermined fluidity increases, so that there are disadvantages such as a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the cured body and the strength of the underground pipe.
[0010]
Examples of the pozzolanic fine powder include silica fume, silica dust, fly ash, slag, volcanic ash, silica sol, precipitated silica, and the like.
In general, silica fume and silica dust have a BET specific surface area of 5 to 25 m 2 / g and do not require pulverization or the like, and thus are suitable as the pozzolanic fine powder of the present invention.
BET specific surface area of the pozzolanic substance fine powder is preferably 5~25m 2 / g, 8~25m 2 / g is more preferable. When the value is less than 5 m 2 / g, there are disadvantages such as a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the cured body and the strength of the underground pipe, and when the value exceeds 25 m 2 / g, it is difficult to obtain a predetermined fluidity. Since the amount of water increases, there are disadvantages such as a decrease in the thermal conductivity of the cured body and the strength of the underground pipe.
The compounding amount of the pozzolanic fine powder is 5 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement. If the compounding amount is out of the range of 5 to 50 parts by mass, the fluidity is extremely reduced, so it takes time to manufacture the underground pipe, and the thermal conductivity of the cured body and the strength of the underground pipe decrease. There are drawbacks.
[0011]
In the present invention, fine aggregate having a particle size of 2 mm or less is used. Here, the particle size of the fine aggregate is an 85% mass cumulative particle size. If the particle size of the fine aggregate exceeds 2 mm, the thermal conductivity of the cured product and the strength of the underground pipe are undesirably reduced.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a fine aggregate having a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less, and a fine bone having a maximum particle size of 1.5 mm or less from the viewpoint of the thermal conductivity of the cured body, the strength of the underground pipe, and the like. It is more preferable to use a material. In addition, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the blend, it is preferable to use fine aggregate having a content of particles of 75 μm or less of 2.0% by mass or less, and a content of particles of 75 μm or less of 1.5% by mass or less. It is more preferable to use a certain fine aggregate.
As fine aggregate, river sand, land sand, sea sand, crushed sand, silica sand, and the like, or a mixture thereof can be used.
The amount of the fine aggregate is preferably 50 to 250 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the mixture, the thermal conductivity of the cured product, the strength of the underground pipe, and the like, More preferably, it is 80 to 200 parts by mass.
[0012]
As the water reducing agent, a lignin-based, naphthalene-sulfonic acid-based, melamine-based, polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent can be used. Among these, it is preferable to use a high-performance water reducing agent or a high-performance AE water reducing agent having a large water-reducing effect, and it is particularly preferable to use a polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducing agent or a high-performance AE water reducing agent.
The compounding amount of the water reducing agent is preferably from 0.1 to 4.0 parts by mass, more preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of cement in terms of solid content. If the compounding amount is less than 0.1 part by mass, kneading becomes difficult, and the fluidity is reduced. If the compounding amount exceeds 4.0 parts by mass, material separation and remarkable setting delay may occur, and the thermal conductivity of the cured product and the strength of the underground pipe may decrease.
The water reducing agent can be used in either liquid or powder form.
[0013]
The amount of water is preferably from 10 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably from 12 to 25 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of cement. If the amount of water is less than 10 parts by mass, kneading becomes difficult, the fluidity is reduced, and the production of underground pipes requires a lot of trouble. When the amount of water exceeds 30 parts by mass, the thermal conductivity of the cured body and the strength of the underground pipe are reduced.
[0014]
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the fluidity of the composition and the strength and durability of the underground pipe, the composition has a Blaine specific surface area of 2500 to 30000 cm 2 / g and is larger than the cement. It is preferable to include inorganic particles having a Blaine specific surface area.
Examples of the inorganic particles include slag, limestone powder, feldspar, mullite, alumina powder, quartz powder, fly ash, volcanic ash, silica sol, carbide powder, nitride powder and the like. Among them, slag, limestone powder and quartz powder are preferably used in terms of cost and quality stability after curing.
Inorganic particles, Blaine specific surface area of preferably 2500~30000cm 2 / g, more preferably at 4500~20000cm 2 / g, and has a large Blaine specific surface area than the cement particles. If the specific surface area of the inorganic particles is less than 2500 cm 2 / g, the difference between the specific surface area of the cement and the specific surface area of the cement becomes small, and it becomes difficult to ensure high fluidity (self-filling property). If it exceeds 30,000 cm 2 / g, it takes a lot of time to pulverize, making it difficult to obtain materials or obtaining high fluidity, so that it takes time to manufacture underground pipes. However, there are drawbacks such as
[0015]
Since the inorganic particles have a larger Blaine specific surface area than the cement, the inorganic particles have a particle size that fills the gap between the cement and the pozzolanic fine powder, ensuring high fluidity (self-filling property). Can be.
The difference in the specific surface area between the inorganic particles and the cement is preferably not less than 1000 cm 2 / g, more preferably not less than 2000 cm 2 / g, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the composition and the strength of the underground pipe.
The blending amount of the inorganic particles is preferably 55 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement, from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the composition and the strength and durability of the underground pipe. .
[0016]
In the present invention, two different types of inorganic particles A and inorganic particles B can be used in combination as the inorganic particles.
In this case, the inorganic particles A and the inorganic particles B may use the same type of powder (eg, limestone powder) or different types of powder (eg, limestone powder and quartz powder).
The inorganic particles A have a Blaine specific surface area of 5,000 to 30,000 cm 2 / g, preferably 6,000 to 20,000 cm 2 / g. The inorganic particles A have a larger Blaine specific surface area than the cement and the inorganic particles B.
When the Blaine specific surface area of the inorganic particles A is less than 5000 cm 2 / g, the difference in the Blaine specific surface area between the cement and the inorganic particles B becomes small, and the fluidity and the like are lower than in the case where the above-mentioned one kind of inorganic particles is used. Not only is the effect of improving the particle size small, but also the use of two types of inorganic particles makes preparation of the material time-consuming, which is not preferable. If the Blaine specific surface area exceeds 30,000 cm 2 / g, it takes time and effort to pulverize, making it difficult to obtain materials and obtaining high fluidity, so that it takes time to manufacture underground pipes. There is.
[0017]
In addition, since the inorganic particles A have a larger Blaine specific surface area than the cement and the inorganic particles B, the inorganic particles A have a particle size that fills the gap between the cement and the inorganic particles B and the pozzolanic fine powder. And more excellent fluidity and the like can be secured.
The difference in the Blaine specific surface area between the inorganic particles A and the cement and the inorganic particles B (in other words, the difference in the Blaine specific surface area between the inorganic particles A and the cement and the inorganic particles B having the larger Blaine specific surface area) From the viewpoint of the fluidity of the material and the strength of the underground pipe, it is preferably at least 1000 cm 2 / g, more preferably at least 2000 cm 2 / g.
[0018]
The Blaine specific surface area of the inorganic particles B is 2500 to 5000 cm 2 / g. The difference between the Blaine specific surface area of the cement and the inorganic particles B is preferably at least 100 cm 2 / g, from the viewpoint of the strength of the flow and underground pipe formulation, 200 cm 2 / g or more is more preferable.
If the Blaine specific surface area of the inorganic particles B is less than 2500 cm 2 / g, there are disadvantages of time-consuming, such as in the manufacture of buried pipes because self-filling it becomes difficult to obtain fluidity decreases, 5000 cm 2 / G, the numerical value of the Blaine specific surface area approaches that of the inorganic particles A, so that the effect of improving the fluidity and the like is reduced as compared with the case of using the above-mentioned one kind of inorganic particles, and two kinds of inorganic particles are used. Since particles are used, it takes time and effort to prepare materials, which is not preferable.
Further, when the difference in the specific surface area between the cement and the inorganic particles B is 100 cm 2 / g or more, the filling property of the particles constituting the composition is improved, and more excellent fluidity and the like can be secured. .
[0019]
The mixing amount of the inorganic particles A is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. The mixing amount of the inorganic particles B is preferably 40 parts by mass or less, more preferably 5 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement. When the blending amount of the inorganic particles A and the inorganic particles B is out of the above-mentioned range, the effect of improving the fluidity and the like is reduced as compared with the case where the one kind of inorganic particles is used, and two kinds of inorganic particles are used. Is not preferable because it takes time to prepare the material.
In addition, the total amount of the inorganic particles A and the inorganic particles B is preferably 55 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the cement.
[0020]
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of greatly increasing the bending strength, breaking strength, and the like of the underground pipe, the composition is blended with one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of metal fibers, organic fibers, and carbon fibers. Is preferred.
Metal fibers are blended from the viewpoint of greatly increasing the bending strength and the like of the underground pipe.
Examples of the metal fibers include steel fibers, stainless fibers, and amorphous fibers. Among them, steel fibers are excellent in strength, and are preferable in view of cost and availability. The size of the metal fiber is 0.01 to 1.0 mm in diameter and 2 to 30 mm in length from the viewpoint of preventing material separation of the metal fiber in the compound and improving the bending strength of the cured product. More preferably, the diameter is 0.05 to 0.5 mm and the length is 5 to 25 mm. The aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of the metal fiber is preferably 20 to 200, and more preferably 40 to 150.
[0021]
The shape of the metal fiber is preferably a shape (for example, a spiral shape or a waveform) that gives some physical adhesive force, rather than a linear shape. With a spiral shape or the like, the bending strength is improved because the metal fiber and the matrix pull out and secure the stress.
Preferable examples of the metal fiber include, for example, an interface adhesion strength to a matrix of a cement-based hardened body made of a steel fiber having a diameter of 0.5 mm or less and a tensile strength of 1 to 3.5 GPa and having a compressive strength of 120 MPa. One having a maximum tensile force per unit area of the adhered surface of 3 MPa or more is exemplified. In this example, the metal fibers can be processed into a corrugated or spiral shape. Further, a groove or a protrusion for resisting movement (slip in the longitudinal direction) with respect to the matrix can be provided on the peripheral surface of the metal fiber of the present example. In addition, the metal fiber of the present example has a metal layer having a Young's modulus smaller than the Young's modulus of the steel fiber on the surface of the steel fiber (for example, one or more kinds selected from zinc, tin, copper, aluminum, and the like). May be provided.
[0022]
The amount of the metal fibers is preferably 4% or less, more preferably 0.5 to 3%, and particularly preferably 1 to 3% by volume in the composition. If the compounding amount exceeds 4%, the unit water amount increases in order to secure fluidity and the like, and even if the compounding amount is increased, the reinforcing effect of the metal fiber is not improved, so that it is not economical. This is not preferable because a so-called fiber ball easily occurs in the film.
[0023]
The organic fiber and the carbon fiber are blended from the viewpoint of increasing the breaking energy and the like of the underground pipe.
Examples of the organic fiber include vinylon fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, and aramid fiber. Above all, vinylon fibers and / or polypropylene fibers are preferably used in view of cost and availability.
Examples of the carbon fiber include PAN-based carbon fiber and pitch-based carbon fiber.
The dimensions of the organic fiber and the carbon fiber are 0.005 to 1.0 mm in diameter and 2 to 30 mm in length from the viewpoint of preventing material separation of these fibers in the blend and improving the breaking energy after curing. It is more preferable that the diameter is 0.01 to 0.5 mm and the length is 5 to 25 mm. Further, the aspect ratio (fiber length / fiber diameter) of the organic fiber and the carbon fiber is preferably 20 to 200, and more preferably 30 to 150.
[0024]
The compounding amount of the organic fiber and the carbon fiber is preferably 10.0% or less, more preferably 1.0 to 9.0%, particularly preferably 2.0 to 8.0% by volume percentage in the composition. . If the blending amount exceeds 10.0%, the unit water amount increases to secure fluidity, etc., and even if the blending amount is increased, the fiber reinforcing effect is not improved, so that it is not economical, It is not preferable because a so-called fiber ball is easily generated therein.
[0025]
Next, the physical properties (flow value, compressive strength, bending strength, breaking energy, thermal conductivity) of the compound and the cured product will be described.
The flow value of the formulation is preferably at least 230 mm, more preferably at least 240 mm. In addition, in this specification, the flow value is a value measured without performing a falling motion 15 times (this method) in a method described in “JIS R 5201 (Physical test method of cement) 11. Flow test”. In the specification, it is also referred to as “0-stroke flow value”).
In the flow test, the time required for the flow value to reach 200 mm is preferably within 10.5 seconds, more preferably within 10.0 seconds.
The compressive strength of the cured product is preferably at least 130 MPa, more preferably at least 135 MPa.
The bending strength of the cured body is preferably 20 MPa or more, more preferably 22 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 25 MPa or more. In particular, when the composition contains metal fibers, the flexural strength of the cured product is preferably 30 MPa or more, more preferably 32 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 35 MPa or more.
Fracture energy of the cured product, for example, metal fibers, when blended with any one or more organic fibers and carbon fibers, preferably least 10 KJ / m 2 or more, more preferably 20 kJ / m 2 or more.
The thermal conductivity of the cured product is preferably 2.0 W / (mk) or more, more preferably 2.1 W / (mk) or more.
[0026]
The thermal conductivity is measured by the following method.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical specimen for measuring the thermal conductivity of a cured body manufactured from the material of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a heat insulating material (not shown) is installed on the upper and lower surfaces of a cylindrical specimen 2 (φ20 × 40 cm) containing a steel pipe 1 (φ1.8 × 60 cm). An electric heater having a diameter of 1.6 cm is provided in the steel pipe 1, and a thermocouple 3 is set at the center in the height direction.
[0027]
When measuring the thermal conductivity, a cylindrical specimen is immersed in a liquid (water) whose temperature is controlled, and a constant power is supplied to an electric heater.
When the temperature of the center of the cylindrical specimen and the temperature of the outer surface are in an equilibrium state, the temperatures of both are measured, and the thermal conductivity is calculated from the following equation.
λ = Q · ln (b / a) / (2 · π · L · (Ta−Tb)) (1)
Here, λ: thermal conductivity (W / (m · k))
Q: Electric power (W)
a: Outer diameter of steel pipe (m)
b: Outer diameter of the specimen (m)
L: Height of the specimen (m)
Ta: center temperature of specimen (° C)
Tb: outer surface temperature of specimen (° C)
[0028]
Next, the underground pipe of the present invention will be described.
The underground pipe of the present invention has been developed for the construction of a cooling / heating system utilizing geothermal heat, focusing on high thermal conductivity.
The dimensions of the underground pipe of the present invention are as follows: the labor and cost of manufacturing the underground pipe, the labor when burying the underground pipe, the durability of the underground pipe, the A hollow tube having an outer diameter of 20 to 120 cm, a thickness of 2 to 15 cm, and a height of 2 to 15 m is preferable from the viewpoint of the efficiency of heat exchange between the liquid or gas in the pipe and the ground heat.
[0029]
The underground pipe of the present invention preferably has irregularities formed on its surface (outer surface). By forming irregularities on the surface (outer surface), the surface area (heat transfer area) of the surface (outer surface) can be increased, and heat exchange between the liquid or gas in the pipe and ground heat can be performed more effectively. be able to.
In the present invention, when irregularities are formed, the surface area is preferably 8.00 times or less, more preferably 1.05 to 5.00 times, and more preferably 1.10 to 3.0 times the surface area when no irregularities are formed. 00 times is particularly preferred. When the value exceeds 8.00 times, the effect of heat exchange is improved, but it becomes difficult to manufacture the underground pipe and the durability of the underground pipe (particularly, the durability of the uneven portion). Is undesirably reduced. The unevenness formed on the surface (outer surface) is not particularly limited. For example, a large number of long ribs having a trapezoidal cross section may be formed in parallel in the height direction.
In the present invention, from the viewpoint of the durability of the underground pipe (particularly, the durability of the uneven portion), the difference in the height of the uneven portion is preferably 10 mm or less, and 0.5 to 5 mm. Is more preferred.
[0030]
The underground pipe of the present invention incorporates a pipe. Examples of the pipe include a stainless steel pipe, a steel pipe, and a resin pipe. In the underground pipe according to the present invention, a liquid or gas flows through the pipe to exchange heat between the liquid or gas in the pipe and ground heat.
Since the underground pipe of the present invention is used for construction of a cooling and heating system utilizing geothermal heat, it is necessary to effectively exchange heat between the liquid and gas in the pipe and the underground heat. Therefore, the length of the pipe in the underground pipe is preferably set to be 10 to 30 times the height of the underground pipe, and 15 to 25 times the height of the underground pipe. It is preferable to arrange them in such a manner.
[0031]
The method of manufacturing an underground pipe according to the present invention will be described.
The method of kneading the compound is not particularly limited. For example, (a) materials other than water and a water reducing agent are previously mixed to prepare a premix material, and the premix material, water, and a water reducing agent are prepared. Into a mixer and kneading, (b) a powdery water reducing agent is prepared, materials other than water are mixed in advance to prepare a premix material, and the premix material and water are mixed into the mixer. A method of charging and kneading, (c) a method of charging and kneading each material individually into a mixer, and the like can be adopted.
The mixer used for kneading may be any type used for kneading ordinary concrete, for example, an oscillating mixer, a pan-type mixer, a biaxial kneading mixer, or the like.
After kneading, the mixture is poured into a predetermined mold and cured to obtain the underground pipe of the present invention. The incorporation of the pipe can be performed by placing the pipe in the mold and pouring the compound into the mold. In the present invention, centrifugal molding can also be performed.
As described above, the composition used in the present invention has a zero-strike flow value of 230 mm or more and has excellent fluidity and self-filling properties, so that it can be easily put into a mold or the like.
The curing method is not particularly limited, and steam curing, aerial curing, or the like may be performed.
[0032]
The use of the underground pipe of the present invention will be described.
The underground pipe of the present invention is buried underground in a vertically oriented state, and is used for construction of a cooling and heating system using geothermal energy. That is, by flowing the liquid or gas in the pipe that has been heat-exchanged with the ground heat through the pipe on the floor, wall, or the like of the building structure, the indoor space can be cooled in summer and warm in winter.
In addition, the cured body of the composition of the present invention exhibits a compressive strength of 130 MPa or more and a bending strength of 20 MPa or more, so that the underground pipe of the present invention composed of the cured body can be used as a structural member. is there.
[0033]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
[1. Materials used]
The following materials were used.
(1) Cement; Low heat Portland cement (manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation; Blaine specific surface area 3200 cm 2 / g)
(2) Pozzolanic fine powder; silica fume (BET specific surface area 10 m 2 / g)
(3) Inorganic particles A; quartz powder A (Brain specific surface area 7500 cm 2 / g)
(4) Inorganic particles B; quartz powder B (Brain specific surface area 4000 cm 2 / g)
(5) Fine aggregate; silica sand (maximum particle diameter 0.6 mm, content of particles of 75 μm or less 0.3 mass%)
(6) Metal fiber; steel fiber (diameter: 0.2 mm, length: 13 mm)
(7) water reducing agent; polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance AE water reducing agent (8) water; tap water
Example 1
100 parts by mass of low-heat Portland cement, 32 parts by mass of silica fume, 39 parts by mass of quartz powder A, 120 parts by mass of silica sand, 1.0 part by mass of a high-performance AE water reducing agent (solid content relative to cement), and 22 parts by mass of water are put into a twin-screw mixer And kneaded.
The flow value of the composition was measured without performing a dropping motion 15 times in the method described in “JIS R 5201 (Physical test method for cement) 11. Flow test”. As a result, the flow value was 260 mm.
Further, the composition was poured into a mold of φ50 × 100 mm, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The compressive strength (average value of three strands) of the cured product was 210 MPa.
Further, the composition was poured into a 4 × 4 × 16 cm mold, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The bending strength (average value of three pieces) of the cured product was 25 MPa.
Further, a cylindrical specimen (φ20 × 40 cm) containing a steel pipe as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared using the above-mentioned composition (curing was carried out at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, followed by steam curing at 90 ° C. for 48 hours). After attaching a heat insulating material to the upper and lower surfaces thereof, the cylindrical specimen was placed in a precision chilled water tank and a control and measurement device (manufactured by Chino Corporation) (the water tank was filled with water). After the electric heater having a diameter of 1.6 cm is arranged in the steel pipe, a constant electric power (90 W) is supplied, and when the temperature of the central portion of the cylindrical specimen and the outer surface are in an equilibrium state, the temperatures of both are measured. Then, the thermal conductivity was calculated from the equation (1). The thermal conductivity of the cured product was 2.05 W / mk.
[0035]
Example 2
100 parts by mass of low heat Portland cement, 32 parts by mass of silica fume, 26 parts by mass of quartz powder A, 13 parts by mass of quartz powder B, 120 parts by mass of silica sand, 1.0 part by mass of high-performance AE water reducing agent (solid content relative to cement), 22 parts by mass of water Was charged into a twin-screw mixer and kneaded.
The flow value of the composition was measured without performing a dropping motion 15 times in the method described in “JIS R 5201 (Physical test method for cement) 11. Flow test”. As a result, the flow value was 285 mm.
Further, the composition was poured into a mold of φ50 × 100 mm, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The compressive strength (average value of three strands) of the cured product was 230 MPa.
Further, the composition was poured into a 4 × 4 × 16 cm mold, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The bending strength (average value of three pieces) of the cured product was 28 MPa.
The thermal conductivity was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. The thermal conductivity of the cured product was 2.1 W / mk.
[0036]
Example 3
100 parts by mass of low heat Portland cement, 32 parts by mass of silica fume, 26 parts by mass of quartz powder A, 13 parts by mass of quartz powder B, 120 parts by mass of silica sand, 1.0 part by mass of high-performance AE water reducing agent (solid content relative to cement), 22 parts by mass of water , Steel fibers (2% of the volume in the blend) were charged into a twin-screw mixer and kneaded.
The flow value of the composition was measured without performing a dropping motion 15 times in the method described in “JIS R 5201 (Physical test method for cement) 11. Flow test”. As a result, the flow value was 265 mm.
Further, the composition was poured into a mold of φ50 × 100 mm, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The compressive strength (average value of three strands) of the cured product was 230 MPa.
Further, the composition was poured into a 4 × 4 × 16 cm mold, placed at 20 ° C. for 48 hours, and then steam-cured at 90 ° C. for 48 hours. The bending strength (average value of three pieces) of the cured product was 47 MPa.
The thermal conductivity was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1. The thermal conductivity of the cured product was 2.4 W / mk.
[0037]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the underground pipe of the present invention is made of a hardened body having a high thermal conductivity. Therefore, by flowing a liquid or gas through the pipe, the heat of the liquid or gas in the pipe and the underground heat is obtained. Exchange can be performed effectively. The indoor space can be cooled in summer and warm in winter by flowing the liquid or gas in the pipe that has exchanged heat with the ground heat through the pipe on the floor, wall, or the like of the building structure. Thus, the underground pipe of the present invention can be suitably used for construction of a cooling and heating system using geothermal energy. In the underground pipe of the present invention, the heat exchange distance between the liquid or gas in the pipe and the ground heat can be lengthened by devising the arrangement of the pipe. There is no need to make it extremely long.
[0038]
Since the cured product of the compound of the present invention exhibits a compressive strength of 130 MPa or more and a bending strength of 20 MPa or more, the underground pipe of the present invention composed of the cured product can also be used as a structural member. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cylindrical specimen for measuring the thermal conductivity of a cured body manufactured from the material of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steel pipe 2 Cylindrical specimen 3 Thermocouple

Claims (5)

少なくとも、セメント、ポゾラン質微粉末、粒径2mm以下の細骨材、減水剤、及び水を含む配合物の硬化体からなる地中埋設管であって、パイプを内蔵することを特徴とする地中埋設管。An underground pipe comprising at least a hardened product of a compound containing cement, fine pozzolanic powder, fine aggregate having a particle size of 2 mm or less, a water reducing agent, and water, wherein the pipe has a built-in pipe. Middle buried pipe. 配合物に、ブレーン比表面積が2500〜30000cm/gで、かつ上記セメントよりも大きなブレーン比表面積を有する無機粒子を含む請求項1記載の地中埋設管。The underground pipe according to claim 1, wherein the blend contains inorganic particles having a Blaine specific surface area of 2500 to 30000 cm 2 / g and a Blaine specific surface area larger than that of the cement. 無機粒子が、ブレーン比表面積5000〜30000cm/gの無機粒子Aと、ブレーン比表面積2500〜5000cm/gの無機粒子Bとからなる請求項2記載の地中埋設管。Inorganic particles, and inorganic particles A of Blaine specific surface area 5000~30000cm 2 / g, underground pipe according to claim 2, wherein comprising an inorganic particles B of Blaine specific surface area 2500~5000cm 2 / g. 配合物に、金属繊維、有機繊維及び炭素繊維からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の繊維を含む請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の地中埋設管。The underground pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition contains one or more fibers selected from the group consisting of metal fibers, organic fibers, and carbon fibers. 表面に、凹凸が形成されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の地中埋設管。The underground pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface has irregularities.
JP2003113541A 2003-04-18 2003-04-18 Underground pipe Expired - Fee Related JP4248920B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003113541A JP4248920B2 (en) 2003-04-18 2003-04-18 Underground pipe

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003113541A JP4248920B2 (en) 2003-04-18 2003-04-18 Underground pipe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004316828A true JP2004316828A (en) 2004-11-11
JP4248920B2 JP4248920B2 (en) 2009-04-02

Family

ID=33473408

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2003113541A Expired - Fee Related JP4248920B2 (en) 2003-04-18 2003-04-18 Underground pipe

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4248920B2 (en)

Citations (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5620329U (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-23
JPS59185943A (en) * 1983-04-04 1984-10-22 Akua Reinetsu Kenkyusho:Kk Geothermal heat pump system
JPS608659A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Akua Reinetsu Kenkyusho:Kk Heating source supplier for air conditioner utilizing concrete pile
JPH01123951A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-05-16 Isako Yamazaki Utilization of underground heat by foundation pile and method of accumulating heat
JPH01503801A (en) * 1987-03-18 1989-12-21 メツスナー,カスパール オー.ハー A device for generating a heat flow that is introduced into or removed from a body of low thermal conductivity.
JPH0383226U (en) * 1989-12-09 1991-08-23
JPH06137689A (en) * 1992-10-28 1994-05-20 Sanzo Sakamoto Terrestrial heat taking device
JPH09166336A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-06-24 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Air conditioning method
JPH11336008A (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-07 Maeta Concrete Industry Ltd Heat exchanging pile and heater
JP2001147056A (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-05-29 Unicom Kikaku Sekkei:Kk Soil heat utilization system by foundation pillar
JP2001213673A (en) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-07 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Quick setting water permeable concrete product and prevent for car road
JP2001226958A (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Steel pipe concrete pile
JP2001261467A (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Production process of cement-based hardened body
JP2001262562A (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Concrete pile
JP2001271340A (en) * 2000-03-23 2001-10-05 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Complex pile
JP2001289533A (en) * 2000-04-05 2001-10-19 Jmc Geothermal Engineering Co Ltd Heat pump in which geothermal energy is utilized
JP2001302367A (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-10-31 Clion Co Ltd Method for manufacturing lightweight foamed concrete
JP2002054850A (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-20 Nippon Steel Corp Underground heat exchange system
WO2002066396A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2002-08-29 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Hardened calcium silicate having high strength
JP2002372314A (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-26 Yoshihiro Okuyama Method and device for practical utilization of subterranean heat of subbase of building
JP2003014385A (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-15 Yutaka Kenchiku Sekkei Jimusho:Kk Pipe for ground heat collection, ground heat exchanger, and ground heat utilization heat exchange system
JP2003021360A (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-24 Ground System Corp Air conditioning system utilizing soil heat, and heat exchanger apparatus in soil
JP2003082970A (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 Teruo Yahiro Installation construction method of heat exchange into ground for retrieving shallow layer geothermal energy and hole drilling device thereof
JP2003095717A (en) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-03 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Cement admixture, cement composition, and cement concrete obtained by using the same
JP2003130471A (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-08 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Underground heat exchanger
JP2003148079A (en) * 2001-11-12 2003-05-21 Kubota Corp Manufacturing method for equipment for exchanging heat with ground, and pile for civil engineering and construction, used for the manufacturing method
JP2004169985A (en) * 2002-11-19 2004-06-17 Mitsubishi Materials Natural Resources Development Corp Geothermal exchange system

Patent Citations (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5620329U (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-02-23
JPS59185943A (en) * 1983-04-04 1984-10-22 Akua Reinetsu Kenkyusho:Kk Geothermal heat pump system
JPS608659A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-17 Akua Reinetsu Kenkyusho:Kk Heating source supplier for air conditioner utilizing concrete pile
JPH01503801A (en) * 1987-03-18 1989-12-21 メツスナー,カスパール オー.ハー A device for generating a heat flow that is introduced into or removed from a body of low thermal conductivity.
JPH01123951A (en) * 1987-11-09 1989-05-16 Isako Yamazaki Utilization of underground heat by foundation pile and method of accumulating heat
JPH0383226U (en) * 1989-12-09 1991-08-23
JPH06137689A (en) * 1992-10-28 1994-05-20 Sanzo Sakamoto Terrestrial heat taking device
JPH09166336A (en) * 1995-12-15 1997-06-24 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd Air conditioning method
JPH11336008A (en) * 1998-05-22 1999-12-07 Maeta Concrete Industry Ltd Heat exchanging pile and heater
JP2001147056A (en) * 1999-11-19 2001-05-29 Unicom Kikaku Sekkei:Kk Soil heat utilization system by foundation pillar
JP2001213673A (en) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-07 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Quick setting water permeable concrete product and prevent for car road
JP2001226958A (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-08-24 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Steel pipe concrete pile
JP2001261467A (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Production process of cement-based hardened body
JP2001262562A (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-26 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Concrete pile
JP2001271340A (en) * 2000-03-23 2001-10-05 Taiheiyo Cement Corp Complex pile
JP2001289533A (en) * 2000-04-05 2001-10-19 Jmc Geothermal Engineering Co Ltd Heat pump in which geothermal energy is utilized
JP2001302367A (en) * 2000-04-26 2001-10-31 Clion Co Ltd Method for manufacturing lightweight foamed concrete
JP2002054850A (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-02-20 Nippon Steel Corp Underground heat exchange system
WO2002066396A1 (en) * 2001-02-19 2002-08-29 Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Hardened calcium silicate having high strength
JP2002372314A (en) * 2001-06-12 2002-12-26 Yoshihiro Okuyama Method and device for practical utilization of subterranean heat of subbase of building
JP2003014385A (en) * 2001-07-03 2003-01-15 Yutaka Kenchiku Sekkei Jimusho:Kk Pipe for ground heat collection, ground heat exchanger, and ground heat utilization heat exchange system
JP2003021360A (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-01-24 Ground System Corp Air conditioning system utilizing soil heat, and heat exchanger apparatus in soil
JP2003082970A (en) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-19 Teruo Yahiro Installation construction method of heat exchange into ground for retrieving shallow layer geothermal energy and hole drilling device thereof
JP2003095717A (en) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-03 Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk Cement admixture, cement composition, and cement concrete obtained by using the same
JP2003130471A (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-05-08 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Underground heat exchanger
JP2003148079A (en) * 2001-11-12 2003-05-21 Kubota Corp Manufacturing method for equipment for exchanging heat with ground, and pile for civil engineering and construction, used for the manufacturing method
JP2004169985A (en) * 2002-11-19 2004-06-17 Mitsubishi Materials Natural Resources Development Corp Geothermal exchange system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4248920B2 (en) 2009-04-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Xu et al. Performance of novel thermal energy storage engineered cementitious composites incorporating a paraffin/diatomite composite phase change material
Yu et al. Ultra-lightweight concrete: Conceptual design and performance evaluation
Rashad Insulating and fire-resistant behaviour of metakaolin and fly ash geopolymer mortars
Cui et al. Experimental study of carbon fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag composites with micro-encapsulated PCM for energy storage
WO2002096825A1 (en) Hydraulic composition
Frahat et al. Optimizing microencapsulated PCM ratios of sustainable cement mortar for energy savings in buildings
Maldonado-Alameda et al. Magnesium phosphate cements formulated with low grade magnesium oxide incorporating phase change materials for thermal energy storage
CN105801017A (en) Normal-temperature maintenance-type active powder concrete and preparation method thereof
Dif et al. Effects of combined natural volcanic powders on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of structural eco-concrete
CN107009484A (en) A kind of preparation method of high performance concrete Self-heat-insulation composite building block
JP6005408B2 (en) Geopolymer composition manufacturing method, structure manufacturing method, and ground improvement method
JP4567315B2 (en) Method for producing cured body
JP4781290B2 (en) Embedded formwork board
CN103253895B (en) What can be used for structural wall construction has lower thermal conductivity and enough high strength composite wall panels
JP2004352575A (en) Reinforcing fiber for hydraulic composition, and hydraulic composition comprising the same
JP2011157242A (en) Method for producing cement hardened body
JP4155855B2 (en) Concrete slab
JP2004316828A (en) Underground buried pipe
JP2004059396A (en) Mortar/concrete
JP4217167B2 (en) Concrete flat plate
JP4376409B2 (en) Joint joint material for post tension prestressed concrete plate
JP2004232323A (en) Concrete plate
JP4621017B2 (en) Centrifugal concrete products
JP2005082470A (en) Concrete board
Al-Tamimi Mechanical and thermal properties of perlite and rubber insulation cement mortar

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050427

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20080124

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080205

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20080327

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20080624

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20090106

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20090114

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120123

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120123

Year of fee payment: 3

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20120123

Year of fee payment: 3

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130123

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees