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JP2004312803A - Carbon brush - Google Patents

Carbon brush Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004312803A
JP2004312803A JP2003099561A JP2003099561A JP2004312803A JP 2004312803 A JP2004312803 A JP 2004312803A JP 2003099561 A JP2003099561 A JP 2003099561A JP 2003099561 A JP2003099561 A JP 2003099561A JP 2004312803 A JP2004312803 A JP 2004312803A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carbon brush
talc
mass
resin
average particle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2003099561A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP3702279B2 (en
Inventor
Keiichi Kagawa
佳一 香川
Hidenori Shirakawa
秀則 白川
Takashi Maeda
孝 前田
Masanori Hirai
政則 平井
Takahito Sakoda
隆仁 佐古田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotanKako Co Ltd
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TotanKako Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP2003099561A priority Critical patent/JP3702279B2/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbon brush of high absorption work efficiency and long life, while roughening of a commutator surface is prevented. <P>SOLUTION: The carbon brush comprises a filler and a thermo-setting resin or pitch, which is to be a binder, containing talc. The content of the talc is 0.1-5.0 mass%. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、整流子を用いる小型モーターに組み込んで使用されるカーボンブラシに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、この種の樹脂硬化型カーボンブラシは、特許文献1に開示されるように、フィラーとなる天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛等の黒鉛粉末と、バインダーとなるフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂を混練し、成形、硬化してカーボンブラシとしている。
【0003】
また、カーボンブラシに油及び/又は油化合物を含有する樹脂に無機質粉末を添加混合した樹脂の皮膜を形成してブラシの表面エネルギー及び固渋現象を防止することが特許文献2に提案されている。
【0004】
カーボンブラシ素子片を接着せしめる材料に蝋石または滑石粉末を混合したものを用い接着させ、カーボンブラシの電流経路を長くし、リアクタンス電圧を抑制することが特許文献3に提案されている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特公昭58−26156号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平3−178543号公報
【特許文献3】
特公昭28−6058号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、これらカーボンブラシは、長時間使用していると、カーボンブラシ自身が高温となり、これに伴って、ブラシ特性が低下する恐れがあった。また、特に樹脂硬化型カーボンブラシは、使用時に整流子表面に被膜を形成しやすく、カーボンブラシと整流子間における摩擦係数増大によりモーターの吸込仕事率及び寿命等のモーター特性が低下する要因の一つになっていた。
【0007】
また、カーボンブラシに油及び/又は油化合物を含有する樹脂に無機質粉末を添加混合した樹脂の皮膜を形成すると一時的にその効果は有するものの、長期間にわたってその効果を継続することはできない。また、添加する無機質粉末の種類によっては整流子表面が荒損し、モーター特性が低下する場合があった。
【0008】
これに加え、特許文献3に提案されている場合においても、これら粉末量が微量かつ整流子との接触面積がわずかであるため、粉末による皮膜形成までには至らず、タルク皮膜形成による長寿命化等の効果は薄いものであった。
【0009】
さらに、近年、特に樹脂硬化型カーボンブラシを使用したモーターの吸込仕事効率及び寿命の向上が強く要求されてきている。
【0010】
そこで本発明は、高い吸込仕事効率、長寿命化及び整流子表面の荒損防止が可能なカーボンブラシを提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するための本発明に係るカーボンブラシは、カーボンブラシにおいて、フィラーと、バインダーとなる熱硬化性樹脂またはピッチにタルクが含有されてなるカーボンブラシを要旨とする。さらに、前記タルクの含有量が0.1〜5.0質量%であることを要旨とする。
【0012】
本発明の請求項1に係るカーボンブラシについて以下に説明する。フィラーとしては、鱗状あるいは土状黒鉛等の天然黒鉛、あるいは、キッシュ黒鉛、熱分解炭素、膨張黒鉛等の人造黒鉛を平均粒子径が5〜500μmとなるように粉砕した黒鉛粉末が好適に使用できる。フィラーの平均粒子径が5μmよりも小さいと基材の強度低下となるため好ましくなく、500μmを越えると粒子離脱が発生する原因となるため好ましくない。また、黒鉛粉末以外に石油コークス、石炭コークス等もフィラーとして使用できる。
【0013】
バインダーとしては一般的に熱硬化性樹脂としては市販されている液状もしくは粉末状のフェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、フラン樹脂、ユリア樹脂等が使用できる。また、樹脂以外にピッチ等もバインダーとして使用できる。
【0014】
タルクは市販されているものを好適に使用できるが、平均粒子径としては5〜100μmの粉末を使用することが好ましく、更に5〜70μmの粉末が好ましい。平均粒子径が5μmよりも小さいと強度低下となり、平均粒子径が100μmよりも大きいと、粒子離脱原因となるため好ましくない。
【0015】
本発明の請求項2,3に係る樹脂硬化および炭化型カーボンブラシの製造方法としては、(1)所定量のフィラーと熱硬化性樹脂またはピッチとタルクを混合した混合物を成形、熱処理して熱硬化性樹脂結合型カーボンブラシを得る方法や、(2)フィラーと熱硬化性樹脂とを混合、成形、熱処理したカーボンブラシ基材にタルクを分散させた溶液を含浸させる方法等が例示できる。
【0016】
具体的に本発明に係る樹脂硬化および炭化型カーボンブラシの製造方法を例示すると下記のようになる。フィラーとして平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛70〜90質量%と、バインダーとして熱硬化性樹脂及び/またはピッチを10〜30質量%の用意する。さらに、これらの総量に対して平均粒子径が50μmのタルクを0.1〜5質量%、好ましくは、0.3〜3質量%、さらに好ましくは、0.5〜2質量%添加し、室温〜200℃で混練する。この混練物を所定の粒子径になるように粉砕後、50〜300MPaで成形し、熱処理して本発明に係る樹脂結合型カーボンブラシとする。
【0017】
本発明では、フィラーと熱硬化性樹脂にタルクを0.1〜5質量%添加したカーボンブラシとしたので潤滑性および整流性能が向上し、高吸込仕事効率および長寿命化となる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明を具体例に基づき説明するが本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0019】
(実施例1)
(人造黒鉛+熱硬化性樹脂+タルク0.5質量%添加)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛83質量%に、熱硬化性樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を17質量%、及びこの総量に対して平均粒子径が50μmのタルクを0.5質量%添加し、これを100℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、180℃で熱処理させてカーボンブラシを得た。
【0020】
(実施例2)
(人造黒鉛+熱硬化性樹脂+タルク1.0質量%添加)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛83質量%に、熱硬化性樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を17質量%、及びこの総量に対して平均粒子径が50μmのタルクを1.0質量%添加し、これを100℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、180℃で熱処理させたカーボンブラシを得た。
【0021】
(実施例3)
(人造黒鉛+熱硬化性樹脂+タルク2.0質量%添加)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛83質量%に、熱硬化性樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を17質量%、及びこの総量に対して平均粒子径が50μmのタルクを2.0質量%添加し、これを100℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、180℃で熱処理させてカーボンブラシを得た。
【0022】
(実施例4)
(人造黒鉛+ピッチ+タルク0.5質量%添加)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛70質量%に、バインダーとしてピッチを30質量%、及びこの総量に対して平均粒子径が50μmのタルクを0.5質量%添加し、これを200℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、650℃で熱処理させてカーボンブラシを得た。
【0023】
(比較例1)
(人造黒鉛+熱硬化性樹脂)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛83質量%に、熱硬化性樹脂としてエポキシ樹脂を17質量%、これを100℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、180℃で熱処理させてカーボンブラシを得た。
【0024】
(比較例2)
(人造黒鉛+ピッチ)
平均粒子径が50μmの人造黒鉛70質量%に、バインダーとしてピッチを30質量%、これを200℃で混練した。この混練物を粉砕、100MPaで成形後、650℃で熱処理させてカーボンブラシを得た。
【0025】
上記実施例1から3と、比較例1のカーボンブラシの物理特性を表1に示す。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 2004312803
【0027】
また、上記実施例1から3と、比較例1のカーボンブラシを、以下に示す試験モーター及び試験条件でカーボンブラシの性能試験を行った。
電圧:AC100V 60Hz
運転条件:連続運転
圧力:35kPa
試験環境:室温40〜45℃、湿度30%以下
【0028】
上記条件におけるカーボンブラシの特性試験の結果をまとめて表2に示す。
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 2004312803
【0030】
実施例4と比較例2のカーボンブラシの物理特性を表3に示す。
【0031】
【表3】
Figure 2004312803
【0032】
電圧:AC230V 60Hz
運転条件:断続運転
圧力:50kPa
試験環境:室温20〜45℃、湿度30%以下
【0033】
上記条件におけるカーボンブラシの特性試験の結果をまとめて表4に示す。
【0034】
【表4】
Figure 2004312803
【0035】
表2より、実施例1から実施例3に係るカーボンブラシは、高い吸込仕事効率及び寿命が大幅に向上していることがわかる。また、表4より、実施例4に係るカーボンブラシは、寿命が向上しかつ整流火花が抑制されていることがわかる。また、表2および表4の整流子摩耗率からタルクを含有することにより整流子に荒損が発生していないこともわかる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
フィラーとバインダーにタルク粉末を添加し混練、粉砕、成形、熱処理したカーボンブラシとすることによってタルクの有する潤滑性及び整流性能向上によって吸込仕事率が向上し、かつ長寿命のカーボンブラシとすることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbon brush used by being incorporated in a small motor using a commutator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, this type of resin-curable carbon brush includes a graphite powder such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as a filler and a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin or an epoxy resin as a binder. Is kneaded, molded and cured to form a carbon brush.
[0003]
Patent Document 2 proposes that a carbon brush is formed by adding a resin containing an oil and / or an oil compound to a resin containing an inorganic powder to form a resin film to prevent the surface energy of the brush and to prevent a sting phenomenon. .
[0004]
Patent Literature 3 proposes that the material for bonding the carbon brush element pieces to which a mixture of powdered rubble or talc powder is bonded to lengthen the current path of the carbon brush and suppress the reactance voltage.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-26156 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-3-178543 [Patent document 3]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 28-6058
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when these carbon brushes are used for a long time, the carbon brush itself becomes high in temperature, and there is a possibility that the brush characteristics are deteriorated accordingly. In addition, a resin-cured carbon brush, in particular, tends to form a coating on the commutator surface during use, and one of the factors that deteriorates motor characteristics such as a motor's suction power and life due to an increase in friction coefficient between the carbon brush and the commutator. Had become one.
[0007]
Further, if a resin film in which an inorganic powder is added to and mixed with a resin containing oil and / or an oil compound is formed on a carbon brush, the effect is temporarily obtained, but the effect cannot be continued for a long time. Further, depending on the type of the inorganic powder to be added, the surface of the commutator may be damaged and motor characteristics may be reduced.
[0008]
In addition, even in the case proposed in Patent Document 3, since the amount of these powders is very small and the contact area with the commutator is small, it does not lead to the formation of the film by the powder, and the long life due to the formation of the talc film. The effect of the conversion was weak.
[0009]
Further, in recent years, there has been a strong demand for improving the suction work efficiency and the life of a motor using a resin-curable carbon brush.
[0010]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a carbon brush capable of achieving high suction work efficiency, long life, and preventing the commutator surface from being damaged.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A carbon brush according to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a carbon brush in which a filler and a thermosetting resin serving as a binder or talc is contained in a pitch. Further, the content of the talc is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
[0012]
The carbon brush according to claim 1 of the present invention will be described below. As the filler, natural graphite such as scale-like or earth-like graphite, or graphite powder obtained by pulverizing artificial graphite such as quiche graphite, pyrolytic carbon, and expanded graphite so that the average particle diameter becomes 5 to 500 μm can be preferably used. . If the average particle diameter of the filler is less than 5 μm, the strength of the base material is reduced, which is not preferable. If it exceeds 500 μm, particle detachment is caused, which is undesirable. In addition to the graphite powder, petroleum coke, coal coke and the like can be used as the filler.
[0013]
In general, commercially available liquid or powdery phenol resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, furan resins, urea resins, and the like can be used as the binder. In addition to the resin, pitch and the like can be used as the binder.
[0014]
As talc, commercially available talc can be suitably used, but powder having an average particle diameter of 5 to 100 μm is preferably used, and more preferably 5 to 70 μm. When the average particle diameter is smaller than 5 μm, the strength is reduced, and when the average particle diameter is larger than 100 μm, the particles may be detached, which is not preferable.
[0015]
The method for producing a resin-cured and carbonized carbon brush according to claims 2 and 3 of the present invention includes the steps of (1) molding a mixture of a predetermined amount of a filler and a thermosetting resin or a mixture of pitch and talc and heat-treating the mixture. Examples of the method include a method of obtaining a curable resin-bonded carbon brush and a method of (2) impregnating a carbon brush base material obtained by mixing, molding, and heat-treating a filler and a thermosetting resin with a solution in which talc is dispersed.
[0016]
Specific examples of the method for producing the resin-cured and carbonized carbon brush according to the present invention are as follows. 70 to 90% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle diameter of 50 μm as a filler and 10 to 30% by mass of a thermosetting resin and / or a pitch as a binder are prepared. Further, 0.1 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass of talc having an average particle size of 50 μm is added to the total amount thereof, and room temperature is added. Knead at ~ 200 ° C. This kneaded material is pulverized to a predetermined particle size, molded at 50 to 300 MPa, and heat-treated to obtain a resin-bonded carbon brush according to the present invention.
[0017]
In the present invention, since the carbon brush is obtained by adding 0.1 to 5% by mass of talc to the filler and the thermosetting resin, lubricity and rectification performance are improved, and high suction work efficiency and long life are achieved.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0019]
(Example 1)
(Artificial graphite + thermosetting resin + talc 0.5 mass% addition)
To 83% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm, 17% by mass of an epoxy resin as a thermosetting resin, and 0.5% by mass of talc having an average particle size of 50 μm based on the total amount were added to 100%. Kneaded at 100C. This kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 180 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0020]
(Example 2)
(Artificial graphite + thermosetting resin + talc 1.0 mass% added)
To 83% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm, 17% by mass of an epoxy resin as a thermosetting resin, and 1.0% by mass of talc having an average particle size of 50 μm based on the total amount were added. Kneaded at 100C. This kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 180 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0021]
(Example 3)
(Artificial graphite + thermosetting resin + talc 2.0 mass% added)
To 83% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm, 17% by mass of an epoxy resin as a thermosetting resin, and 2.0% by mass of talc having an average particle size of 50 μm based on the total amount were added. Kneaded at 100C. This kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 180 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0022]
(Example 4)
(Added artificial graphite + pitch + talc 0.5 mass%)
To 70% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm, 30% by mass of a pitch as a binder, and 0.5% by mass of talc having an average particle size of 50 μm based on the total amount thereof were kneaded at 200 ° C. . The kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 650 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0023]
(Comparative Example 1)
(Artificial graphite + thermosetting resin)
17% by mass of an epoxy resin as a thermosetting resin was kneaded at 100 ° C. with 83% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm. This kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 180 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0024]
(Comparative Example 2)
(Artificial graphite + pitch)
A pitch of 30% by mass as a binder was kneaded at 200 ° C. with 70% by mass of artificial graphite having an average particle size of 50 μm. The kneaded material was pulverized, molded at 100 MPa, and then heat-treated at 650 ° C. to obtain a carbon brush.
[0025]
Table 1 shows the physical properties of the carbon brushes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1.
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004312803
[0027]
The carbon brushes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to carbon brush performance tests under the following test motors and test conditions.
Voltage: AC100V 60Hz
Operating conditions: Continuous operating pressure: 35 kPa
Test environment: room temperature 40 to 45 ° C, humidity 30% or less
Table 2 summarizes the results of the property test of the carbon brush under the above conditions.
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004312803
[0030]
Table 3 shows the physical properties of the carbon brushes of Example 4 and Comparative Example 2.
[0031]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004312803
[0032]
Voltage: AC230V 60Hz
Operating conditions: intermittent operating pressure: 50 kPa
Test environment: room temperature 20 to 45 ° C, humidity 30% or less
Table 4 summarizes the results of the property test of the carbon brush under the above conditions.
[0034]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004312803
[0035]
Table 2 shows that the carbon brushes according to Examples 1 to 3 have significantly improved high suction work efficiency and life. Also, from Table 4, it can be seen that the carbon brush according to Example 4 has an improved life and suppresses rectifying sparks. Further, it can be seen from the commutator wear rates in Tables 2 and 4 that the commutator does not suffer from coarse damage by containing talc.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
By adding talc powder to the filler and binder and kneading, pulverizing, molding and heat-treating the carbon brush, the lubrication and rectifying performance of the talc improve the suction work rate, and the carbon brush has a long life. it can.

Claims (4)

タルクを含有したカーボンブラシ。Carbon brush containing talc. タルクを含有した樹脂硬化型カーボンブラシ。Resin-curable carbon brush containing talc. 樹脂またはピッチ成分が炭化され、タルクを含有したカーボンブラシ。Carbon brush with talc containing resin or pitch component carbonized. 前記タルク含有量が0.1〜5.0質量%である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のカーボンブラシ。The carbon brush according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the talc content is 0.1 to 5.0% by mass.
JP2003099561A 2003-04-02 2003-04-02 Carbon brush Expired - Fee Related JP3702279B2 (en)

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