JP2004261967A - Lignocellulose type rotary drive body - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary drive body comprising a molded body originating from a lignocellulosic material. <P>SOLUTION: The rotary drive body such as a gear or the like is mainly composed of the molded body comprising a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by treating the lignocellulosic material with steam. By this rotary drive body, a Young's modulus of elasticity in flexure of 10.0 kN/mm<SP>2</SP>or above can be easily realized and the practicable rotary drive body can be obtained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【００４４】
表１に示すように、本成形材料を用いることにより、好ましい密度、曲げ強さ、曲げヤング強度を備える成形体を得られることがわかった。また、耐油特性の結果から、成形体を油に浸漬した状態でも機能させうることがわかった。
【００４５】
（実施例３）
ブナのプレーナ屑を２００℃で１０分間水蒸気処理し、その後、一気に圧力を開放して爆砕し、繊維化した。その後、天日で気乾含水率まで乾燥させ、ウィレーミルで粉砕し、篩いにかけて５００μｍ以下の大きさの微粉末を回収した。
この微粉末のみを成形材料とした成形用組成物をプレス金型に注入し、荷重２７．７ＭＰａ下、１７０℃で２０分間加圧及び加熱して、３種類の歯車成形体を得た。なお、成形用組成物に対して約２０分間の予熱工程を付与した。各種歯車の形態と耐久試験機の概略をそれぞれ図１及び図２に示す。
大歯車１は、成形用組成物１３０ｇを，上記条件で１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ×９ｍｍのサイズに圧縮成形した後、モジュール２．０、歯数３８となるよう切削加工して作製した。中間歯車２は、成形用組成物１３ｇを、上記条件でモジュール２．０、歯数１８となるように熱圧成形して作製した。他の一つの歯車は、駆動歯車３であり、中間歯車２と同様の条件で成形して作製した。なお、最終歯車４は、ジュラコン（商標、ポリアセタールコポリマー）を歯切りしてモジュール２．０、歯数１８となるように作製した。
【００４６】
図２に示すように、最終歯車４の回転軸にコイルスプリングにより１０Ｎの負荷を与え、モーターにより駆動歯車３に３１６６ｒｐｍの回転をさせ、８時間連続運転して歯車耐久試験を行った。この試験装置においては、大歯車１は、１５００ｒｐｍで両歯面が相手歯車に回転接触し、中間歯車２は、３１６６ｒｐｍで両歯面が相手歯車に回転接触し、駆動歯車３と最終歯車４は、片歯面がそれぞれ動力伝達接触するようになっている。回転前及び回転中に潤滑油は供給しなかった。また、試験における総回転数は、歯車試料１は７２００００回転であり、中間歯車２及び最終歯車４は、それぞれ１５１９６８０回転であった。
本試験では、試験前後の各歯車重量を測定し、耐久試験による重量減少量を算出した。また、大歯車１と駆動歯車４について歯面（歯形）の試験前後の変化をＧＥＡＲＴＥＣ ＴＴｉ−３００Ｅ（株式会社東京テクニカル）により測定した。
この耐久試験結果を表２に示す。
【００４７】
【表２】

表２に示すように、試験前後の質量変化からは、本成形材料による歯車がジュラコンと同等あるいはそれ以上の耐久性を備えていることがわかった。また、歯面の変化量もこの結果を支持していた。
これらのことから、本改質材料を用いた成形体を歯車として実用可能であることがわかった。
【００４８】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、リグノセルロース系材料に由来する材料の成形体を用いて歯車などの回転駆動体を提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】歯車耐久試験機における歯車構成を示す正面図である。
【図２】歯車耐久試験機の側面図である。
１ 大歯車
２ 中間歯車
３ 駆動歯車
４ 最終歯車[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lignocellulosic material and a technique using the material, and more particularly, to a rotary driving body using a molding technique of a lignocellulosic modified material that is modified by steam treatment and exhibits plasticity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Effective use of resources, reduction of the use of chemicals that have a negative effect on nature and the human body, disposal of harmful substances and CO ₂ Attempts have been made to utilize lignocellulosic materials derived from plant resources for the purpose of reducing emissions.
Typical lignocellulosic materials are lignocellulosic materials obtained from wood and herbs.
These lignocellulosic materials are typically in the form of fibers or chips, and are used as molding materials for various boards and panels using a thermosetting adhesive as a binder (Patent Document 1). Further, a molded product is obtained by adding wood powder or the like to a thermosetting resin material and extruding the molded product.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-T-2002-528299
[0004]
In addition, some lignocellulosic materials are either discarded or not yet used. For example, it is industrial waste or agricultural waste such as demolition waste of houses and furniture, waste paper such as newsprint and cardboard, cut grass, fallen leaves, cuttings, thinned wood, and compressed slag such as sugarcane. Although some of these lignocellulosic materials are reused for board and panel materials, fermented compost, litter and solid fuel, they have useful parts due to processing costs such as crushing and drying. However, waste is still being disposed and incinerated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, from the viewpoint of recycling of useful resources and suppressing global warming, further use of lignocellulosic materials that have been discarded or incinerated has been required in recent years. However, as described above, the discarded or unused lignocellulosic material has to go through various steps in order to be reused from the viewpoint of heterogeneity and high water content. Further, in order to promote recycling, it is also desirable that other materials be contained as little as possible.
On the other hand, there is known a technique in which a material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment is dried, defibrated, heated and pressed to obtain a strong board using the adhesive force of a component generated by the steam treatment. ing. However, since the board is a fiber board mainly composed of a fiber in a material form, it has been difficult to form a board other than the board. However, in order to secure a wider range of reuse, it is necessary to secure new uses other than boards.
Here, the rotary driving body such as a gear or a belt wheel is generally made of metal at present, and is limitedly made of resin.
[0006]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for manufacturing a rotary driving body such as a gear using a lignocellulose-based material.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted various studies on lignocellulose-based modified materials obtained by subjecting lignocellulose-based materials to steam treatment. As a result, it has been found that the lignocellulose-based material after the treatment can be heated to develop the flow of the material, and further, based on the plasticity due to the flow, a molding process applied to general resin molding is performed. Utilizing it, manufacturing a rotary driving body such as a gear, and finding that the gear exhibits unexpected characteristics, the rotary driving body such as a gear molded with the present lignocellulose-based modified material is used for a polyacetal copolymer or the like. They have found that they have the same or better performance than engineering plastics, and have completed the present invention.
According to the present invention, the following means are provided.
[0008]
(1) a rotary drive,
A rotary drive mainly comprising a molded product of a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment.
(2) The rotary driver according to (1), wherein the rotary driver is a gear.
(3) The rotary driving body according to (2), wherein the meshing portion of the gear is formed by cutting or molding the lignocellulose-based modified material.
(4) The bending Young's modulus is 10.0 kN / mm ² The rotation driver according to any one of (1) to (3).
(5) The rotary drive according to any one of (1) to (4), which is driven by non-lubricating oil or low lubricating oil.
(6) The rotary driving body according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the gear has a tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 16 mm or less and a number of teeth of 6 or more.
(7) a rotary driving body,
A molded product of a lignocellulose-based modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment is mainly used, and the bending Young's modulus of the molded product is 10.0 kN / mm. ² And a gear having a tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 6 mm or less and a number of teeth of 6 or more.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a rotary driving body is provided by at least molding a lignocellulose-based modified material obtained by steam-treating a lignocellulose-based material.
When the lignocellulose-based material is subjected to steam treatment, a cellulose-based component such as cellulose or hemicellulose contained in the material undergoes hydrolysis or the like to generate a decomposition component. In addition, the lignin-based component contained in the agent material is also denatured or decomposed to generate a decomposed component. Therefore, the lignocellulose-based modified material obtained by subjecting the lignocellulose-based material to steam treatment contains a cellulose-based decomposition component and a lignin-based decomposition component. Although not fully understood in theory, at least a part of such a material melts and flows by heating, and exhibits plasticity. Further, after plasticizing by this flow, the material once solidified flows by heating again and exhibits plasticity. Therefore, the lignocellulosic material functions as a thermoplastic material that can impart plasticity by heating. At the same time, by heating the composition containing the lignocellulose-based modifying material, the composition can be fluidized to exhibit plasticity.
Therefore, according to these inventions, it is possible to realize recycling of valuable plant-derived resources.
[0010]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the following description, first, the lignocellulose-based modified material of the present invention will be described, and then, a method for producing a molded article using the modified material will be described.
[0011]
(Lignocellulosic modified material)
The modified material of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the present material) is obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment. In the present specification, the “lignocellulosic material” may be any material containing lignin and cellulose. Preferably, it is contained in the form of lignocellulose constituting a plant cell wall. Accordingly, the lignocellulosic material is preferably all or part of various trees, herbs such as kenaf, corn, sugarcane, hemp, rush and rice. In addition, lignocellulosic materials include industrial or agricultural waste such as house demolition, furniture demolition, wood chips, thinned wood, chaff, wood flour, waste paper, pruned branches, cut grass, fallen leaves, and sugarcane slag (bagasse). Things. The lignocellulose-based material may not be in the form of a complex with cellulose or hemicellulose and lignin, but may be in the form of containing each separately. Further, these individual materials may be added to a lignocellulose-based material containing lignocellulose in a composite form. Therefore, the lignocellulosic material can be, for example, a lignin-containing fraction obtained as waste in the pulping step with high-quality waste paper containing almost no lignin.
[0012]
In the present invention, these lignocellulosic materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, from the viewpoint of homogeneity of the material and suppression of the strength of the processing conditions, they may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is preferable to use a combination of about three types.
In performing the steam treatment, it is preferable to use only the lignocellulose material, but if necessary, a material other than lignocellulose, for example, a saccharide such as glucose, a lignin component, an acid, and water can be appropriately added. .
[0013]
Depending on the size of the lignocellulosic material to be subjected to the steam treatment, the degree of generation of the decomposition component by the steam treatment can be controlled.
The lignocellulosic material is preferably finely divided so that the steam treatment can be performed uniformly. When it is subdivided, the time required in each of the steps of steaming, drying, and pulverizing is also reduced. In particular, the lignocellulose-based material is easy to handle when it is formed into small pieces or fine powder, specifically, in the form of flakes or wafers. The size can be, for example, about 5 cm × 5 cm or less with a thickness of 1 mm or less, and preferably about 2 cm × 2 cm or less with a thickness of 0.5 mm or less. Sawdust, planar waste and the like can be used as they are.
[0014]
The water content (dry basis) of the lignocellulosic material is preferably 120% or less (hereinafter, the water content means weight%). If the water content exceeds 120%, the decomposed components generated in the lignocellulosic material by the steam treatment tend to flow out, and it becomes difficult for an effective amount of the decomposed components to be retained in the treated lignocellulosic material. More preferably, it is 8% or more and 100% or less. Within such a range, the entire lignocellulose-based material can be uniformly steamed to generate a decomposed component, and at the same time, the outflow of the decomposed component can be effectively suppressed, and a thermoplastic material having favorable fluidity and moldability can be obtained. Obtainable. If it is less than 8%, the exposure to water vapor tends to be uneven, so that the generation of decomposition components also becomes uneven, making it difficult to obtain a thermoplastic material having good fluidity. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100%, free water in the lignocellulose-based material is easily released during the steam treatment, and the decomposed component easily flows out of the lignocellulose-based material with the release of the free water, and the resulting lignocellulose-based material The thermal fluidity of the material decreases. More preferably, it is 15% or more and 100% or less. More preferably, it is 30% or more and 100% or less.
The degree of the water content can be adjusted in the step of drying the lignocellulosic material. Conversely, the water content can also be adjusted by externally applying moisture to the lignocellulosic material.
[0015]
(Steam treatment)
The steam treatment can be performed in various forms, but is preferably performed by heating under saturated steam or superheated steam. Specifically, this is performed by exposing the lignocellulosic material to heated steam in a pressure vessel under high pressure.
In the steam treatment, heating is preferably performed at about 60 ° C. or higher, and the upper limit is preferably about 260 ° C. or lower. When the temperature is 60 ° C. or more and 250 ° C. or less, while decomposing hemicellulose and lignin, side reactions such as decomposition condensation can be suppressed. Preferably, it is heated to about 110 ° C or more and about 230 ° C or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 150 ° C. or more and about 230 ° C. or less. Most preferably, the temperature is about 200 ° C. or more and about 230 ° C. or less, more preferably 220 ° C.
[0016]
When the heating temperature is about 110 ° C. or more and about 230 ° C. or less, the steam treatment may be performed, for example, for several tens seconds to several tens minutes. The processing time is preferably longer when the processing temperature is low, and can be shorter when the processing temperature is high. Further, when the lignocellulose-based material is large, it is preferable to make the length longer, and when the material is small, the length can be made shorter.
In the case of the lignocellulosic material finely divided into flakes as described above, when the heating temperature is 110 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, the treatment may be performed for several tens seconds to about 10 minutes. Preferably from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes. Preferably, it is about 2 to 3 minutes. On the other hand, when a lignocellulose material in a larger state is used, 15 minutes or more may be required.
When the processing temperature is 200 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, which is a preferable processing temperature, a good processing state can be obtained by heating for several tens of seconds to about 5 minutes. For example, generally available planar waste (typically, a piece having a thickness of about 1 cm or less and a size of about 5 cm × 5 cm or less, preferably a piece of about 0.5 cm or less and a size of about 2 cm × 2 cm or less) is used. In this case, a preferable processing state can be obtained in about 2 to 5 minutes.
[0017]
In addition, in order to prevent the produced molding material from giving a peculiar smell, the steam treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of less than 200 ° C.
[0018]
When terminating the steam treatment, the pressure can be gradually reduced or the pressure can be released all at once to the atmospheric pressure. When the pressure is released all at once to the atmospheric pressure, the moisture inside the cellulose-containing material in the processing apparatus is vaporized, so that an explosion occurs in the cellulose-containing material and the structure of the cellulose-containing material is destroyed. As a result, the cellulose-containing material can be finely divided and pulverized into a fibrous form, a powdery form, or the like (hereinafter, releasing pressure from a high pressure state at once is referred to as explosion. Relieving pressure is called steaming / explosion treatment.) Usually, when blasting is adopted, steaming and blasting are performed continuously. FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of the steaming / explosion treatment. Explosion simplifies the subsequent crushing process. In addition, the drying step can be performed efficiently.
In addition, when performing blasting, the heating temperature in the steam treatment is preferably 180 ° C. or more and 260 ° C. or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 200 ° C. or more and about 230 ° C. or less.
[0019]
This material can be obtained by such a steam treatment. A hydrolysis or thermal decomposition component is generated in the material, and the decomposition component is retained in the tissue or leached from the tissue to the material surface.
[0020]
(Dry)
After steaming, the material is preferably dried. When a large amount of water is present, when the present material is heated and fluidized, the water may be vaporized and the moldability or fluidity may be impaired. In addition, the decomposed component may move with the evaporation of the water and impair the fluidity and moldability.
[0021]
In general, the drying step is preferably performed until the water content (based on the dry amount) of the present material becomes 28% or less. More preferably, it is dried to 12% or air-dry moisture content.
[0022]
Drying can be carried out at normal temperature or high temperature, but preferably, after the steam treatment, drying is carried out positively. By evaporating the water at an early stage after the steam treatment, it is possible to prevent the water-soluble decomposed component from being released together with the water, thereby allowing a large amount of the decomposed component to remain in the cellulose-containing material.
Note that active drying means drying while applying air and / or heat to promote water evaporation. Specifically, drying at a high temperature equal to or lower than the steam treatment temperature or drying by blowing air at a normal temperature is used.
The moisture content can be measured according to JIS Z 2101 Wood Test Method 3.2 Moisture Content.
[0023]
(Crushing)
After the steam treatment, pulverization can be performed as necessary. For example, the material can be ground so that the particle size of the material is suitable for the application in which the molding material is to be applied.
The particle size of the present molding composition is not particularly limited. Even with about 1000 μm, sufficient fluidity during melting can be ensured. In consideration of the melt flow for extrusion molding and injection molding, it is preferably about 800 μm or less, more preferably about 200 μm or less, and more preferably 180 μm or less. More preferably, it is about 100 μm or less, more preferably about 90 μm or less. Further, it may be about 45 μm or less.
Regarding the flow, in addition to the particle size, the particle size distribution also affects. Higher fluidity can be obtained by having a certain particle size distribution.
An overall preferred range is from about 45 μm to about 180 μm, more preferably from about 45 μm to about 90 μm, and from about 90 μm to about 180 μm.
The shape of the particles is not particularly limited, and may be flaky, spherical, irregular, fibrous, or the like.
[0024]
For the pulverization, for example, a machine such as a wheely mill, a ball mill, a grinder, a mixer, or the like can be used. Lignocellulosic materials that have been steamed and dried are easily destroyed due to their embrittled tissue. For this reason, it can be formed into a fine powder in a short time and with a small power as compared with simply grinding. Therefore, it is possible to pulverize safely and at low cost without generating heat in the pulverization step.
In the pulverization, the material can be sieved using a sieve having a mesh size not more than the maximum particle size of the target molding material.
After drying, not only pulverization but also granulation is possible. Since the decomposed component has adhesiveness, it can be granulated to homogenize the particle size or improve the fluidity. Also, a new composite molding material can be obtained by applying a coating material during granulation.
[0025]
This material retains at least cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation components. It often contains undegraded lignin and / or cellulose. As described above, the material flows by heating and develops plasticity. As a result, this material can be used as a plasticizer. Heat flow is possible even after solidification. Further, a composition containing the present material can be used as a thermoplastic material, and typically can be used as a molding material utilizing plasticization by heat. Preferably, it is used as a thermoplastic molding material.
Although it is an inference and does not restrict the present invention, at least a part of the present material, particularly, the decomposition component present on the particle surface is melted, so that the entire aggregate of particles has fluidity and plasticity. It seems to give. Therefore, when the material develops plasticity by heating, it may be completely melted, but in many cases, the amorphous material contains a melt in part and is derived from the constituent particles of the material. It is considered that particles of various shapes such as spherical, fibrous, and flaky shapes are included.
[0026]
(Composition containing this material)
It is sufficient for the composition of the present invention to contain this material.
It is preferable that the present composition contains the present material to such an extent that the present material is fluidized or melted into a resin by heating the present composition so that the present composition itself can exhibit plasticity. Therefore, preferably, the present molding composition mainly contains the present material. Specifically, the resin composition contains 20 to 99 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 99 parts by weight, of 100 parts by weight of the resin material used in the composition. In addition, a composition comprising only the present material can be used.
[0027]
As other resin materials that can be included in the composition, for example, ordinary thermoplastic resin materials, thermosetting resin materials, and biodegradable resin materials can be used. As the thermoplastic resin material, polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS, vinyl chloride, and the like can be used, and preferably, polypropylene and polyethylene can be used.
Further, as the thermosetting resin, a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, or the like can be used. Preferably, a phenol resin can be used.
By using the biodegradable resin material, the biodegradability of the entire molded body can be easily secured. As the biodegradable resin material, one or more selected from aliphatic polyester materials such as polylactic acid, poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid, and butylene polysuccinate can be selected and used. These aliphatic polyester materials are preferred in terms of excellent biodegradability and easy availability.
[0028]
(Use of this material or this composition)
The present material or the present composition containing the present material develops fluidity by heating and becomes plastic. Further, it is solidified by cooling. By utilizing the plasticity of the present material, it can be applied to various compositions such as a molding composition, a plasticizer composition, and a filler composition utilizing thermoplasticity.
When used as a molding composition, a molded article can be easily obtained by performing an appropriate shape imparting step during plasticization. As the molding method, various resin molding methods such as compression molding, extrusion molding, injection molding and the like can be adopted.
[0029]
(precursor)
The composition before use does not particularly limit the form. In addition to a powder or a particle, a precursor having a shape and a size suitable for molding, transportation, and handling can also be used. Such a precursor can be obtained at least by pressing. The decomposition component inherent in the present material has caking properties even at normal temperature. Therefore, by utilizing this caking property, a precursor having a shape can be obtained only by applying pressure. Further, by heating at the same time, it is possible to obtain a precursor of various shapes in a state where at least a part of the present material is melted and the bonding property is further enhanced. Since this material has thermoplasticity, plasticity can be developed by heating the precursor in a subsequent heating step.
[0030]
(Plasticization)
Heating conditions for plasticization can be preferably set within a range where the material is fluidized. The fluidization temperature (fluidization start temperature) varies depending on the steam treatment conditions of the material, but can be from about 100 ° C to about 260 ° C. Preferably, it is about 110 ° C. or more, more preferably about 150 ° C. or more, even more preferably about 170 ° C. or more, and most preferably about 180 ° C. or more. Further, the temperature is preferably set to about 230 ° C. or lower. Most preferably, the temperature is from about 170 ° C to about 180 ° C.
Note that the heating temperature can be set relatively low when the temperature during the steam treatment is high. When the steam treatment temperature is low, it is preferable to set the temperature relatively high.
[0031]
In particular, when the steam treatment temperature is about 200 ° C., the flow can be started at a temperature of about 150 ° C. to about 190 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the treatment time.
When the steam treatment temperature is about 210 ° C., the flow can be started at about 160 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the treatment time.
When the steaming temperature is about 220 ° C., the flow can be started at about 100 ° C. to about 140 ° C., depending on the lignocellulosic material used and the processing time.
For example, a common planar waste (typically a piece having a thickness of 1 mm or less and a size of about 5 cm × 5 cm or less, preferably a piece of a thickness of 0.5 mm or less and about 2 cm × 2 cm or less) is subjected to a steam treatment temperature. If the processing time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes), the flow starts at about 190 ° C., and if the processing time is 5 minutes to 10 minutes, the flow starts at about 190 ° C. Start.
In addition, the same strip is fluidized at about 160 ° C. when the steam processing temperature is about 210 ° C. and the processing time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes). When the steam treatment temperature is about 220 ° C. and the treatment time is less than 5 minutes (about 2 minutes), it is fluidized at about 140 ° C., and when the treatment time is 5 to 10 minutes at the same temperature, it is 100 to 110 ° C. Fluidize with In particular, for the same strip, when the steam treatment temperature is about 220 ° C. and the treatment time is 10 minutes, the flow start temperature is about 105 ° C.
In addition, as already described, the particle diameter of the present material is preferably 45 μm or more and 180 μm or less in order to ensure fluidization, but if the particle diameter is 45 μm or less, the temperature is lower than the exemplified temperature. It has been found that flow begins at temperature.
When importance is placed on ensuring the Young's physical properties, the molding temperature is about 170 ° C. In addition to the preheating step, the heating time under pressure is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 15 minutes or more, and further preferably 20 minutes or more.
[0032]
From the above, it is clear that the flow start temperature and the flowability can be controlled by the steam treatment temperature. The flow start temperature can be confirmed by an extrusion test using a generally available capillary rheometer or the like.
Most common capillary-type rheometers are a heating furnace capable of controlling the temperature, a cylinder that is installed in the heating furnace, contains a test sample, has a nozzle that is a discharge port, and a piston that pressurizes the sample in the cylinder. And FIG. 2 shows an example of an extrusion test using such a capillary rheometer. The material starts to flow by heating by such a capillary rheometer, and is discharged as a filament.
[0033]
In addition, it is preferable to heat the present material and the present composition in advance before the heating step. That is, it is preferable to carry out a heating step before the material is not plasticized. By performing such a preheating step, heating conditions can be moderated. Moreover, when obtaining a molded body, the density, bending strength, and bending Young's modulus of the obtained molded body can be drastically improved. Further, the expansion coefficient and water absorption rate during water absorption can be significantly reduced. The temperature in the preheating step is not particularly limited, but is preferably about the same as the heating temperature in the heating step.
[0034]
(Manufacture of molded products)
After the molding composition is heated and fluidized / plasticized, or with the fluidization, a molded article can be obtained by applying an appropriate shape imparting means. As the shape imparting means, for example, a conventionally known means such as using a mold or passing through a die can be used. Thereafter, by cooling, a molded body can be obtained. The molding method is not particularly limited as long as it is suitable for molding the rotary driving body, but is preferably a compression molding method.
Further, in the production of the present molded article, since the molding composition is plasticized and molded, precise molding is possible. For example, not only a simple shape such as a disk or a cylinder, but also a rotary drive such as a gear having a desired tooth shape as it is, a rotary drive having a portion having a different thickness, a rotary drive having a different cross-sectional shape, and a rotary drive having a throttle portion. Can be manufactured.
[0035]
Conditions at the time of imparting a shape differ depending on steam treatment conditions and a molding technique. When a board, panel, or the like is obtained by compression molding, it is preferable that the pressing condition be about 10 MPa or more and about 80 MPa or less. More preferably, the pressure is set to about 25 MPa or more and 60 MPa or less. If the steam treatment is performed at a high temperature of 220 ° C. or higher for a predetermined time (typically about 2 to 5 minutes), good molding can be realized at 50 MPa or lower.
[0036]
(Molded body)
After giving the shape to the molding composition, the molded article can be obtained by cooling.
The obtained molded body is at least partially resin-like. In particular, the surface has a remarkably resin-like surface. Particularly, in the internal phase, a state where particles derived from the constituent particles of the present material may be observed. In many cases, the molded article is in a state in which the resin-like portion and the particle bonding portion are mixed.
According to the present molded article, it is possible to secure excellent characteristics in the density, bending strength, and bending Young's modulus. For example, the bending strength is at least 10 N / mm ² , Preferably 40 N / mm ² Above, more preferably 50 N / mm ² The above molded product can be obtained. The bending Young's modulus is 2.0 kN / mm ² Above, preferably 6.0 kN / mm ² Above, more preferably 8.0 kN / mm ² A molded article as described above can be obtained. Further, a molded product having a thickness expansion coefficient of 15% or less, preferably 12% or less when absorbing water can be obtained. In addition, a molded article excellent in water resistance having a water absorption of 13% or less, preferably 10% or less can be obtained.
Further, a molded article having excellent oil resistance can be obtained. For example, a molded article having an oil absorption of 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less when immersed in machine oil for 24 hours can be obtained.
Further, under the above immersion conditions, a molded article having an oil absorption thickness expansion coefficient and an oil absorption length expansion coefficient of 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, and more preferably 0.1% or less can be obtained.
In the case of a flow state close to the flow of particles, the shrinkage after heating after curing is small, so that a molded body having high dimensional accuracy can be easily obtained.
In addition, it is preferable to employ the following method as a test method of the various characteristics described above.
[0037]
1. density
According to JIS A 5905 fiberboard 5.4 density test. The size of the test piece is 20 mm × 20 mm.
2. Bending test (bending strength and bending Young's modulus)
A test is performed by applying a centralized load to a test piece having a size of 10 mm × length 65 mm × thickness of 4 to 6 mm with a span of 50 mm and a load speed of 2 mm / min. Calculation of bending strength and bending Young's modulus is based on JIS Z 5905 Wood Test Method 9 Bending Test.
3. Water absorption thickness expansion coefficient
According to JIS A 5905 fiber board 5.10 Water absorption thickness expansion rate test. The immersion time is 24 hours. The dimensions of the test piece are 20 mm × 20 mm.
4. Water absorption
According to JIS A 5905 fiberboard 5.9 water absorption test. The dimensions of the test piece are 20 mm x 20 mm.
5. Oil absorption
For example, the oil absorption can be calculated by immersing in oil such as mechanical oil for a certain period of time (for example, 24 hours) and dividing the weight increase before and after immersion by the initial weight. Further, by dividing the change in thickness and length before and after immersion by the initial thickness and the initial length, respectively, the oil absorption thickness expansion rate and the oil absorption length expansion rate can be calculated.
[0038]
Since such a molded article has a resin aspect and high density and high strength, it can be subjected to secondary processing after molding. As a result, the present molded body and its secondary processed body can replace an industrial product in which a synthetic resin molded body has been conventionally used by the present molded body. For example, various processes such as a cutting process and a grinding process performed on a synthetic resin can be performed.
[0039]
(Rotary drive)
This molded article has such characteristics that its surface is inherently excellent in lubricity and heat is hardly generated by friction. In particular, such characteristics are remarkable in a molded article obtained from only this material. For this reason, it can be used for a rotary drive related to power transmission, such as a gear, a shaft, an auger, a bearing, or a bearing, by molding or further performing a cutting process.
In particular, in the case of a rotary driving body, the bending Young's modulus is 8.0 kNmm. ² Or more, more preferably 10.0 kN / mm ² That is all. By providing such a bending Young's modulus, a commonly used gear (having a tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 16 mm or less and having 6 or more and 120 or less), particularly a gear having a tooth height of 4 mm or more can be formed. For example, a module 2.0 (having a tooth height of 4 mm) and having 6 to 120 teeth can be manufactured with practical strength.
In addition, the rotary driving body using the molded body has excellent lubricating properties, and does not supply lubricating oil or requires less lubricating oil than conventionally required for a metal rotary driving body. Can be rotated in quantity. At the same time, the amount of wear can be suppressed to a level equivalent to that of an engineering plastic such as a polyacetal copolymer.
On the other hand, the oil absorption after immersion in machine oil for 24 hours is 1% or less (preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, more preferably 0.05% or less, and most preferably 0.01% or less. ) And has high oil resistance. Further, the oil absorption thickness expansion coefficient and the oil absorption length expansion coefficient are each 1% or less, preferably 0.5% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, further preferably 0.05% or less, and most preferably 0.1% or less. 01% or less. From these facts, it can be said that the present rotary driving body has high oil resistance. Therefore, it can be sufficiently used even when immersed in oil, and can be replaced with a metal gear.
[0040]
(Reuse of rotary drive)
The present rotary driving body can exhibit plasticity again by heating based on the thermoplasticity of the present material. Therefore, when the rotary driving body becomes unnecessary, it can be used again as a molding material by heating again. That is, a new shape can be provided with the composition as it is, or a new shape can be provided in combination with another material. Furthermore, it can be diverted to another use as a filler.
Further, by plasticizing the used rotary driving body, it can be separated from a composite material or a resin material such as another filler in the rotary driving body, or can be recovered. At the same time, it is possible to collect only this material.
Further, it can be used as a solid fuel or an adsorbent.
In reusing the rotary drive, it is preferable to subdivide the rotary drive in advance.
[0041]
(Biodegradation of rotary drive)
The rotary driving body of the present invention is made mainly of, or mainly composed of, a lignocellulosic material. Therefore, it is biodegraded by directly supplying it to an area where microorganisms and the like grow in soil or a certain cellulose or lignin-degrading microflora. Therefore, even when disposed, the influence on the environment can be suppressed.
[0042]
【Example】
(Example 1)
The beech planer waste was steamed at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was released at once to explode and fibrillate. Thereafter, it was dried to the air-dry moisture content in the sun, pulverized by a wheely mill, and sieved to recover a fine powder having a size of 500 μm or less.
[0043]
(Example 2)
The fine powder obtained in Example 1 was used as a molding material as it was as a molding composition. No other materials were used other than this molding material. This molding composition was poured into a press mold, and was pressed and heated at 170 ° C. and 190 ° C. for 20 minutes under a load of 27.7 MPa to obtain a molded body. In each of the temperature condition samples, a preheating step of about 20 minutes was applied to the molding composition.
Various mechanical properties and the like were confirmed for these two types of molded products. Table 1 shows the results.
[Table 1]

[0044]
As shown in Table 1, it was found that by using the present molding material, a molded article having preferable density, bending strength and bending Young's strength can be obtained. Also, from the result of the oil resistance property, it was found that the molded article could function even in a state of being immersed in oil.
[0045]
(Example 3)
The beech planer waste was steamed at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the pressure was released at once to explode and fibrillate. Thereafter, it was dried to the air-dry moisture content in the sun, pulverized by a wheely mill, and sieved to recover a fine powder having a size of 500 μm or less.
A molding composition using only this fine powder as a molding material was injected into a press mold, and pressed and heated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes under a load of 27.7 MPa to obtain three types of gear molded bodies. A preheating step for about 20 minutes was applied to the molding composition. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the configuration of various gears and the outline of the durability tester, respectively.
The large gear 1 was produced by compression-molding 130 g of the molding composition to a size of 100 mm x 100 mm x 9 mm under the above conditions, and then cutting the module 2.0 to have 38 teeth. The intermediate gear 2 was produced by subjecting 13 g of the molding composition to hot pressing under the above conditions so that the module had 2.0 and the number of teeth was 18. The other gear is a drive gear 3 and was formed by molding under the same conditions as the intermediate gear 2. The final gear 4 was manufactured by cutting gears of Duracon (trademark, polyacetal copolymer) so that the module had 2.0 and the number of teeth was 18.
[0046]
As shown in FIG. 2, a load of 10 N was applied to the rotation shaft of the final gear 4 by a coil spring, the drive gear 3 was rotated at 3166 rpm by a motor, and a gear durability test was performed by continuously operating for 8 hours. In this test apparatus, the large gear 1 has both tooth surfaces in rotational contact with the mating gear at 1500 rpm, the intermediate gear 2 has both tooth surfaces in rotational contact with the mating gear at 3166 rpm, and the driving gear 3 and the final gear 4 have , One of the tooth surfaces comes into power transmission contact. No lubricating oil was supplied before and during rotation. The total number of revolutions in the test was 720000 revolutions for the gear sample 1, and 1519680 revolutions for the intermediate gear 2 and the final gear 4 respectively.
In this test, the weight of each gear before and after the test was measured, and the amount of weight reduction by the durability test was calculated. Further, changes in the tooth surface (tooth profile) of the large gear 1 and the drive gear 4 before and after the test were measured by GEARTEC TTi-300E (Tokyo Technical).
Table 2 shows the results of the durability test.
[0047]
[Table 2]

As shown in Table 2, the change in mass before and after the test showed that the gears made of the present molding material had durability equal to or higher than Duracon. Further, the amount of change in the tooth surface also supported this result.
From these facts, it was found that a molded article using the modified material was practically usable as a gear.
[0048]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the rotational drive body, such as a gear, can be provided using the molded object of the material derived from a lignocellulosic material.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a gear configuration in a gear durability tester.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a gear durability tester.
1 large gear
2 Intermediate gear
3 Drive gear
4 Final gear

Claims (7)

A rotary drive,
A rotary drive mainly comprising a molded product of a lignocellulosic modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulosic material to steam treatment. The rotary driver according to claim 1, wherein the rotary driver is a gear. The rotary driving body according to claim 2, wherein the meshing portion of the gear is formed by cutting or molding the lignocellulose-based modified material. Bending Young's modulus is 10.0kN / mm ² or more, rotary drive member according to claim 1. The rotary drive according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is driven by non-lubricating oil or low lubricating oil. The rotary drive according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gear is a gear having a tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 16 mm or less and having 6 or more teeth. A rotary drive,
A molded product of a lignocellulose-based modified material obtained by subjecting a lignocellulose-based material to steam treatment is mainly used. The molded product has a bending Young's modulus of 10.0 kN / mm ² or more and a tooth height of 0.5 mm or more and 6 mm or less. And a gear having six or more teeth.

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