JP2004244765A - Three-dimensionally knitted fabric - Google Patents
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- JP2004244765A JP2004244765A JP2003037038A JP2003037038A JP2004244765A JP 2004244765 A JP2004244765 A JP 2004244765A JP 2003037038 A JP2003037038 A JP 2003037038A JP 2003037038 A JP2003037038 A JP 2003037038A JP 2004244765 A JP2004244765 A JP 2004244765A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、立体編物に関する。更に詳しくは、常温下及び高温下で長時間使用しても、良好な見栄え及びクッション性が低下しない立体編物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
表裏面二層の編地と、該二層の編地を連結する連結糸とから構成された立体編物は、クッション性、通気性、保温性、体圧分散性等の機能を活かして、各種クッション材用途に利用されている(特許文献1及び2)。
ところが、これらクッション材を自動車用座席として使用した場合、夏場の高温環境下で、車内の座席上に荷物を放置したり、チャイルドシートを取り付けていると、これらを取除いた際に、跡が残り、見栄えやクッション性が悪くなり、問題となっていた。
【0003】
また、冬場の高温暖房器具上に設置されている列車用座席として使用した場合、長時間座っていると、次第に座席下部の高温にさらされている個所からへたりが生じ、厚みが薄くなり、見栄えやクッション性が低下するという問題があった。
立体編物は、近年、寝具用途及び介護用途において、体圧分散性、クッション性及び通気性の面から、クッション材としての使用が広がりつつあるが、付着した汚れを高温で殺菌洗濯した場合、洗濯時の揉み効果で大きく変形したり、へたりが生じ、見栄えやクッション性に劣るものとなっていた。
【0004】
このような高温環境下でのへたりや変形を解消する立体編物として、表裏両面基布を連結糸する糸状のうち、少なくとも30wt%以上が形状記憶特性を有する糸状よりなる嵩高織編物が提案されている(特許文献3)。連結糸を構成する糸状形態がマルチフィラメントの場合、実施例には、単糸繊度が8dtexのマルチフィラメントの連結糸を用いたものが開示されている。しかしながら、連結糸がマルチフィラメントの場合、高温環境下での圧縮回復時に単糸同士が絡み合うため圧縮回復率も低く、また単糸繊度が細いため圧縮回復力が弱く、非常に高温環境に放置しないと回復性が発現されないものであった。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−123362号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−89959号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平5−247783号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、常温下及び高温下で、長時間、荷重や応力のかかる状態、例えば、着座したり、高温で洗濯を行う場合において、ヘタリや変形が容易に復元し、立体編物本来の良好な見栄え及びクッション性が変わらない立体編物を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、このような従来技術の問題点を鑑み、常温又は高温下で長時間使用した場合のへたりや変形の発生と、構成する立体編物の構造及び特性との関係について鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成させるに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、表裏面二層の編地と、該二層の編地を連結する、繊度が50〜2000dtexのモノフィラメントによる連結糸から構成され、下記式で算出される厚み指数TPが0.25〜1.5mm−1の立体編物であって、20℃及び80℃の環境下で、それぞれ7日間、厚み方向に50%圧縮保持し、次いで、無圧縮状態で20℃の環境下に5分間放置し、引き続き無圧縮状態で120℃の環境下に1分間放置した後の圧縮回復率が、共に90%以上であることを特徴とする立体編物である。
【0008】
厚み指数TP=T/[(100×N×D)/(1×106×ρ0)]
(式中、T(mm)は、立体編物の厚み、N(本/6.45cm2)は、立体編物の経緯方向6.45cm2(=2.54cm×2.54cm)の面積中にある連結糸の本数、D(dtex)は、立体編物の連結糸の繊度(連結糸1×106cm当たりの質量g)、ρ0(g/cm3)は、立体編物の連結糸の比重である)
【0009】
以下、本発明の立体編物を詳細に説明する。
本発明の立体編物は、20℃及び80℃の環境下で、それぞれ7日間、厚み方向に50%圧縮保持し、次いで、無圧縮状態で20℃の環境下に5分間放置し、引き続き無圧縮状態で120℃の環境下に1分間放置した後の圧縮回復率(以下、高温圧縮回復率、という)が、共に90%以上であることが必要である。
20℃、80℃及び120℃の環境下とは、外部環境とは隔離された乾燥機や恒温室等の密閉内で、空間雰囲気温度が、それぞれ、20℃、80℃及び120℃に設定された環境を指す。
【0010】
「厚み方向に50%圧縮保持する」とは、立体編物1枚を10cm四方に切り取り、平滑なステンレス金属板間に、金属板間の距離が均一となるように挟み込み、金属板間距離が均一な挟み込み直後の距離に対し50%となるように、立体編物に表面編地と裏面編地が立体編物の長さ方向(ウエール列に沿った方向)にずれるせん断変形が生じないようにして圧縮し、冶具で固定することを指す。
その後の「無圧縮状態」とは、20℃及び80℃の環境下で、上記ステンレス金属板間からできるだけ立体編物に応力を掛けないようにして取り出し、圧縮応力の無い状態とすることを指す。
【0011】
高温圧縮回復率は、以下の式により算出する。
高温圧縮回復率(%)=(T1/T0)×100
ここで、T1は、120℃環境下で無圧縮状態で1分間放置後の立体編物の厚み(mm)、T0は、同操作を行う直前の立体編物の厚み(mm)を指す。
本発明の立体編物は、高温圧縮回復率が90%以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは95%以上であり、100%に近いほど好ましい。高温圧縮回復率が90%未満では、高温環境下で長時間、荷物をおいたりチャイルドシートを取り付けたりして部分的に立体編物が圧縮された状態にすると、負荷を取除いた際に跡が残り、見栄えやクッション性が悪くなる。
本発明の立体編物は、表裏面二層の編地と、この二層の編地を連結する連結糸から構成され、連結糸の少なくとも一部が、繊度50〜2000dtexのモノフィラメントから構成されるていることが必要である。
【0012】
本発明の立体編物は、相対する2列の針床を有する編機で編成することができ、ダブルラッセル編機、ダブルトリコット編機、ダブル丸編機、Vベッドを有する横編機等で編成できる。寸法安定性のよい立体編物を得るためには、ダブルラッセル編機を用いるのが好ましい。編機のゲージは9ゲージから28ゲージまでが好ましく用いられる。
本発明の立体編物を構成する表裏面二層の編組織は、適度に通気性を確保しながら良好なクッション性及び体圧分散性を発現させる点で4角、6角等のメッシュ、格子状、畦調、マーキゼット等の孔空き組織で、1メッシュを構成する編目数(コース数)を12コース以下にすることが好ましい。表裏の少なくとも一方の編組織が孔空きでない平坦組織や凹凸組織等の編組織であれば、全コースがニットループで形成される編組織、ニットループ組織と挿入組織の複合組織等を用いることができる。
【0013】
表裏面二層の編地を構成する糸としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリブチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリエチレンナフタレート繊維等のポリエステル系繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニル繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維、ポリフッ化ビニリデン繊維、ポリアクリル繊維、ポリアリレート繊維、生分解性繊維等の合成繊維、綿、麻、ウール等の天然繊維、銅アンモニアレーヨン、ビスコースレーヨン、リヨセル等の再生繊維等の任意の繊維を用いることができる。強度、編成性、ケミカルリサイクル性等の点からポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリブチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリエチレンナフタレート繊維等のポリエステル系繊維が好ましい。
【0014】
繊維の断面形状は、丸型、三角、L型、T型、Y型、W型、八葉型、偏平型、ドッグボーン型等の多角形型、多様型の中実型、同多角形、多様型の中空型や不定形なもの等があげられる。表面耐摩耗性、強度等の物性を立体編物に付与できる点から、丸型中実型及び丸型中空型が好ましい。
繊維の形態は、未加工糸、紡績糸、撚糸、仮撚加工糸、流体噴射加工糸等、いずれを採用してもよく、マルチフィラメントでもモノフィラメントでもよい。連結糸のモノフィラメントを編地表面へ露出しないように被覆率を上げるには、立体編物の少なくとも片側面、特に表面層側にマルチフィラメントの仮撚加工糸、紡績糸等の嵩高糸を用いることが好ましい。
【0015】
マルチフィラメントは、通常、総繊度が50〜2500dtex、単糸繊度が0.1〜30dtexの繊度のものが用いられるが、これ以外にも任意に繊度を設定できる。この際、編機の針1本にかかる連結糸モノフィラメントの繊度C(dtex)と全マルチフィラメントの繊度m(dtex)が、C/m≦0.9を満たす場合、立体編物表面において、マルチフィラメントがモノフィラメントにより被覆され、モノフィラメント独特のギラツキ感を抑制でき、かつ、編地表面の風合いを向上できる点で好ましい。
【0016】
意匠性の面から、編成前に予め常法で染色された先染糸や、必要に応じたカラーの顔料が混入された原着糸を用いてもよい。必要に応じて、二酸化チタン等の艶消剤、リン酸等の安定剤、ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン誘導体等の紫外線吸収剤、タルク等の結晶化核剤、アエロジル等の易滑剤、ヒンダードフェノール誘導体等の抗酸化剤、難燃剤、制電剤、顔料、蛍光増白剤、赤外線吸収剤、消泡剤等が含有されていてもよい。
【0017】
マルチフィラメントの物性としては、例えば、マルチフィラメントとしてポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維を使用する場合、表面耐摩耗性等の耐久性の面から、繊維の固有粘度[η]は0.4〜0.8が好ましく、繊維破断強度は3〜5cN/dtex、破断伸度は20〜40%であることが好ましい。ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート繊維を使用する場合、固有粘度[η]は0.8〜1.5が好ましく、繊維破断強度は3〜5cN/dtex、破断伸度は30〜60%であることが好ましい。
【0018】
本発明の立体編物の表裏面二層の編地を連結する連結糸は、常温下又は高温下で長時間使用した場合でも見栄えの劣化が無く、良好なクッション性及び良好な体圧分散性が得られるためには、繊度が50〜2000dtexのモノフィラメントを用いることが必要である。
モノフィラメントとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリブチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリエチレンナフタレート繊維等のポリエステル系繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリエチレン繊維、ポリプロピレン繊維、ポリ塩化ビニル繊維、ポリビニルアルコール繊維、ポリ塩化ビニリデン繊維、ポリフッ化ビニリデン繊維、ポリアセタール繊維、ポリフェニレンサルファイド繊維、生分解性繊維、ポリエステル系やポリオレフィン系等の熱可塑性エラストマー繊維、ガラス繊維、金属繊維等の任意の繊維を用いる事ができるが、本発明の特に圧縮回復率を満足できる点でポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリブチレンテレフタレート繊維、ポリエチレンナフタレート繊維等のポリエステル系繊維、ポリアミド繊維、ポリエステル系の熱可塑性エラストマー繊維が好ましい。
【0019】
本発明の立体編物の圧縮回復率を向上させるために、連結糸の少なくとも10wt%以上が形状記憶性ポリエステルモノフィラメントであってもよい。ここでいう「形状記憶性」とは、任意の形状(形状A)に記憶する処理温度に加熱して記憶させ、次いで、該記憶処理温度未満であって、20〜100℃の特定温度下で、異なる形状(形状B)に外力により一旦変形させた後、ガラス転移温度以下の温度に保持又は冷却して一時的に形状を固定し、再度ガラス転移温度以上の温度に無緊張状態で加熱することにより、形状Aに回復する機能を有することを意味する。
【0020】
形状記憶性ポリエステルとしては、少なくとも芳香族ジカルボン酸成分と脂肪族ジカルボン酸成分からなり、かつ、そのモル比が70/30〜95/5であるジカルボン酸成分と、1種以上の脂肪族ジオール成分とを主たる構成成分とするのが好ましい。
芳香族ジカルボン酸成分としては、例えば、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸、フタル酸、2,6−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、1,4−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、4,4,−ジフェニルジカルボン酸、ジフェノキシエタンジカルボン酸等が挙げられる。また脂肪族ジカルボン酸成分としては、例えば、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸、ヘキサデカン二酸、エイコサン二酸等が挙げられる。一方、脂肪族ジオール成分としては例えば、エチレングリコール、1,3−プロパンジオール、1,4−ブタンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、1,9−ノナンジオール等が挙げられる。
【0021】
形状記憶性ポリエステルを構成する成分及びその共重合割合は広範囲に選択できるが、経済性、物性等の点で好ましいのは、例えば、ジカルボン酸成分としてテレフタル酸とドデカン二酸とを、モル比70/30〜95/5の割合で用い、ジオール成分としてエチレングリコールを用いたポリエステルである。
モノフィラメント繊維の断面形状としては、丸型、三角、L型、T型、Y型、W型、八葉型、偏平型、ドッグボーン型等の多角形型、多様型の中実型や鞘芯型、同多角形、多様型の中空型や不定形なものでもよいが、常温下又は高温下での長時間使用でも見栄えの変化が無く、良好なクッション性及び良好な体圧分散性が得られる点から、丸型中実型、丸型同心鞘芯型又は丸型中空型が好ましい。
【0022】
丸型同心鞘芯型の場合、鞘成分/芯成分を構成する材料を、例えば、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート/ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート/ポリエチレンナレフタレート、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー/ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー/ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー/ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド/ポリエチレンテレフタレートの組み合わせを用いることができる。
【0023】
本発明の立体編物を、常温下又は高温下で長時間使用しても見栄えの変化が無く、良好なクッション性及び良好な体圧分散性が得られる点から、ポリトリメチレンテレフタレート/ポリエチレンテレフタレート又はポリエステル系熱可塑性エラストマー/ポリトリメチレンテレフタレートの組み合わせが好ましい。
本発明の立体編物の連結糸に用いられるモノフィラメントの繊度は、本発明の圧縮回復率を左右するため、特に重要である。立体編物の圧縮回復性は、本発明の立体編物の表裏面二層の編地をつなぐ連結部においては、モノフィラメントの曲げ回復性に相当する。このモノフィラメントの曲げ回復性は、繊維直径の4乗、つまり、繊維の繊度の2乗に比例する曲げ応力が高いほど回復性が良好となるため、繊維の繊度が高いほど、高温時の曲げ回復性、つまり、高温時の圧縮回復性が高い。
【0024】
本発明の立体編物の連結糸モノフィラメントの繊度は50〜2000dtexであることが必要であり、好ましくは80〜1500dtex、より好ましくは100〜1000dtexである。この繊度が50dtex未満では、繊維の繊度が小さすぎるため、立体編物の圧縮回復率も小さくなり、見栄えやクッション性に劣る。繊度が2000dtexを越えると、繊維の繊度が大きすぎるため、立体編物の連結糸として非常に編成しにくく、編成できたとしても編地表面には連結糸の飛び出しが多く、見栄えが悪くなり、表面の風合いもざらついたものとなる。
【0025】
マルチフィラメント同様、モノフィラメントも、意匠性の面から、編成前に予め常法で染色された先染糸又は必要に応じたカラーの顔料が混入された原着糸を用いてもよい。必要に応じて、糸中に二酸化チタン等の艶消剤、リン酸等の安定剤、ヒドロキシベンゾフェノン誘導体等の紫外線吸収剤、タルク等の結晶化核剤、アエロジル等の易滑剤、ヒンダードフェノール誘導体等の抗酸化剤、難燃剤、制電剤、顔料、蛍光増白剤、赤外線吸収剤、消泡剤等が含有されていてもよい。
【0026】
さらに下記式で算出される立体編物の厚み指数TPが0.25〜1.5mm−1であることが必要であり、好ましくは0.3〜1.2mm−1である。
厚み指数TP=T/[(100×N×D)/(1×106×ρ0)]
式中、T(mm)は、立体編物の厚み、N(本/6.45cm2)は、立体編物の経緯方向6.45cm2(=2.54cm×2.54cm)の面積中にある連結糸の本数、D(dtex)は、立体編物の連結糸繊度(連結糸1×106cm当たりの質量g)、ρ0(g/cm3)は立体編物の連結糸比重を表す。
厚み指数TPが0.25mm−1未満であると、常温下及び高温下でのクッション性に劣ったものとなり、1.5mm−1を超えると、高温下での圧縮回復性に劣ったものとなる。厚み指数をこの範囲に設定することによって、圧縮回復率が一層向上し、かつ、より良好なクッション性及び体圧分散性を兼ね備えたものとなる。
【0027】
連結糸モノフィラメントは、表裏の編地中にループ状の編目を形成してもよく、表裏編地に挿入組織状に引っかけた構造でもよい。少なくとも2本の連結糸が、表裏の編地を互いに逆方向に斜めに傾斜して、クロス状(X状)やトラス状に連結することが、立体編物の形態安定性を向上させる上で好ましい。
トラス構造の場合、立体編物を図1のコース列に沿った切断面図に示すように、2本の連結糸によって形成される角度(θ1)が40〜160度であると、立体編物の形態安定性が増すので好ましい。
クロス構造の場合は、立体編物を図2のコース列に沿った切断面図に示すように、2本の連結糸によって形成される角度(θ2)が15〜150度であることが好ましい。この際、トラス構造及びクロス構造を構成する2本の連結糸は、1本の連結糸が表面又は裏面編地で折り返し、見かけ上2本となっている場合であってもよい。
【0028】
立体編物中のモノフィラメントの曲率は0.01〜1.6であることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.03〜1.0、最も好ましくは0.05〜0.7である。ここでいう「モノフィラメントの曲率」とは、立体編物中でモノフィラメントが最大に湾曲した部分におけるモノフィラメントの中心線でできる円弧の曲率のことをいう。図3は、立体編物のウエール列に沿った切断面から見たモノフィラメントの中心線を示す一例である。モノフィラメントの曲率が0.01未満であると、立体編物の厚み方向に荷重が加わった場合、表面編地と裏面編地が立体編物の長さ方向(ウエール列に沿った方向)にずれる、せん断変形が生じやすく、圧縮回復時のヒステリシスロスが大きく、弾力感のないクッション性となる場合がある。また、繰り返し圧縮によりその傾向が増加しやすくなる。モノフィラメントの曲率が1.6を越えると、せん断変形は生じ難いが、弾力感のないクッション性となる場合がある。
【0029】
本発明の立体編物の厚み方向の50%圧縮時のヒステリシスロスは、50%以下であることが好ましく、0%に近いほど弾力感のあるクッション性に優れたものとなる。これらの条件を満たすためには、立体編物の厚み、モノフィラメントの直径、曲率、傾斜状態等を適正化することが重要である。
立体編物の厚み及び目付は、目的に応じて任意に設定できるが、厚みは2〜30mmが好ましい。厚みが2mm未満であると、クッション性が低下する場合があり、30mmを越えると、形態固定化のための仕上げ加工が難しくなる場合がある。目付は、好ましくは150〜3000g/m2、より好ましくは200〜2000g/m2である。
【0030】
本発明を達成するためには、立体編物の仕上げ加工時のヒートセット方法が特に重要である。先染め糸や原着糸を使用した立体編物の場合は、生機をヒートセット工程を通して仕上げることができ、連結糸又は表裏糸のいずれかが未着色の立体編物の場合は、生機を精練、染色、ヒートセット等の工程を通して仕上げることができる。
特に高温下での長時間使用時の見栄えやクッション性を保ち、高温圧縮回復率を向上させるためのヒートセット方法としては、モノフィラメントにヒートセット時に緊張状態を徐々に与えていくよう、段階的にヒートセット温度まで昇温し、できるだけヒートセット時間を長くし、さらにヒートセット後に形態が固定化されやすいよう急冷するのが好ましい。
【0031】
ヒートセットには、シリンダ乾燥機、過熱蒸気乾燥機、サクションドラム乾燥機、ループドライヤー、ショートループドライヤー、ピンテンタードライヤー、クリップテンタードライヤー、ノンタッチドライヤー等の一般的な乾燥機が使用されるが、段階的な昇温や立体編物のコース数/ウエール数制御の点から、任意の乾燥温度が設定された乾燥機を連続的に組み合わせたピンテンタードライヤー又はクリップテンタードライヤーを使用するのが好ましい。
【0032】
到達するヒートセット温度は150〜190℃が好ましい。この温度が150℃未満では、ヒートセットによる形態固定化効果が少なく、高温圧縮回復性が低下する場合があり、190℃を越えると、形態固定化効果は高いが、連結糸モノフィラメントが硬くなり、クッション性が低下する場合がある。
ヒートセット時間は2〜10分が好ましい。この時間が2分未満では、セット温度同様、形態固定化効果が少なく、高温圧縮回復性が低下する場合があり、10分を越えると、形態固定化効果は高いが、連結糸モノフィラメントが硬く、クッション性が劣ったり、繊維強度が大きく低下して長期使用時に破れが発生する場合がある。
【0033】
段階的にヒートセット温度まで昇温する方法としては、ピンテンタードライヤー、クリップテンタードライヤー等の乾燥機の乾燥ボックスに、連続的に温度差を付け、徐々に昇温する方法が挙げられる。
ヒートセット後の急冷方法としては、ヒートセット用の乾燥機と同じものを用いて行うことができるが、特に、立体編物においては、厚みがあるため表面接触型の冷却シリンダ乾燥機と冷風熱風ドライヤーとの組合せで0〜10℃の冷却温度で急冷を行うのが好ましい。
【0034】
このヒートセットの際には、ヒートセット前の生機、精練上がり又は染色上がりの立体編物を、必要に応じて、引張率をヒートセット時の幅方向に−20〜100%、進行方向に−20〜50%変化させることが好ましい。
引張率(%)は、下記式で表される。
引張率(%)=(セット後の長さ/セット前の長さ−1)×100
引張率をこのように設定することによって、連結糸をクロス状(X状)又はトラス状にして立体編物の形態安定性を一層向上させることができる。
【0035】
さらにヒートセット工程前に、シリコーン系仕上げ剤を付与することが、繊維間の摩擦力を低減したり、ストレッチ性を付与し高温圧縮回復性を向上できる点で好ましい。シリコーン系仕上げ剤としては、アミノ変性シリコーン、ジメチルシリコーン、エポキシ変性シリコーン、カルボキシ変性シリコーン、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン等が挙げられる。耐久性及び高温圧縮回復性をより向上させることができる点でアミノ変性シリコーンが好ましい。付与量としては、繊維重量に対して0.1〜3wt%であることが高温圧縮性向上の点で好ましい。付与方法としては、Dip−Nip(いわゆる浸漬脱液)法、キスロール付与法、グラビアロール付与法、スプレー付与法、フォーム式付与法等が挙げられる。連結糸に十分シリコーン系仕上げ剤が付与できる点でDip−Nip法が好ましい。
【0036】
本発明の立体編物は、自動車、電車、汽車等の車両用、旅客機等の航空機用、チャイルドシート、ベビーカー、家具、事務用等の座席用クッション材、寝具、ベッドパッド、マットレス、床ずれ防止マット、枕、座布団等のクッション材、衣料用パッド等のスペーサー、リュック、ランドセル等のクッション材、保型材、緩衝材、保温材、生鮮食品の下敷き、医療用シーツ、シューズ用アッパー材、中敷材、サポーター、プロテクター等に好適に用いられる。
【0037】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を実施例で具体的に説明するが、本発明は実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
立体編物の各種物性の測定方法は以下の通りである。
(1)立体編物の厚み
接触圧力490Paの厚み測定計で10回測定した平均値。
(2)高温圧縮回復率
高温圧縮回復率(%)=(T1/T0)×100
式中、T1は、20℃及び80℃の環境下で、それぞれ7日間、厚み方向に50%圧縮保持し、次いで、無圧縮状態で20℃の環境下に5分間放置し、引き続き無圧縮状態で120℃環境下、無圧縮状態で1分間放置後の立体編物を(1)測定法にて測定した立体編物の厚み(mm)を、T0は、同操作を行う直前の立体編物を(1)の測定法にて測定した立体編物の厚み(mm)を表す。
【0038】
(3)繊維の繊度、繊維長
JIS−L−1013法に準拠して測定する。
(4)固有粘度[η]
オストワルド粘度計を用い、35℃のo−クロロフェノール溶液中での比粘度ηspとポリマー濃度C(g/100ml)の比ηsp/Cを濃度ゼロに外挿し、以下式により求める。
【0039】
(5)モノフィラメントの曲率:C
立体編物中での連結糸のモノフィラメントの湾曲状態の拡大写真を、モノフィラメントが湾曲してできた円弧(半円)に対して直角方向から撮影する。この際連結糸が傾斜している場合は傾斜の角度にあわせて撮影する。拡大写真をイメージスキャーナーでコンピューターに読み込み、高精細画像解析システムIP1000PC(商品名、旭化成(株)製)の画像解析ソフトを用いて、モノフィラメントの湾曲が最も激しい個所の内接円(モノフィラメントの凹側)と外接円(モノフィラメントの凸側)を描く。これより、それぞれの円半径の平均値(実寸法に直した値)を算出し、モノフィラメントの中心線に対する曲率半径r(mm)を求め、下記式により曲率を算出する。ここで相対する表編地の編目と裏編地の編目をつなぐ連結糸を略垂直連結糸、相対する編目から1ウェール以上離れた表編地の編目と裏編地の編目をつなぐ連結糸を傾斜連結糸とする。
C=1/r
【0040】
(6)50%圧縮回復時のヒステリシスロス:L(%)
島津オートグラフAG−10TB型((株)島津製作所製)を用い、直径100mmの円盤状圧縮治具により、剛体水平面上に置いた150mm×150mm四角、厚みT0(mm)の立体編物を10mm/minの速度でT0/2の厚みに圧縮し荷重をかける。所定の厚みになったら直ぐに10mm/minの速度で開放し除重する。この際に得られる、図4に示す変位−荷重曲線から、行き(圧縮)の曲線と変位軸(x軸)で形成されるO−P−Eで囲まれる面積A0(cm2)と、帰り(開放)の曲線と変位軸(x軸)で形成されるE1−P−Eで囲まれる面積A1(cm2)を求め、次式でヒステリシスロスL(%)を算出する。
L(%)=[(A0−A1)/A0]×100
【0041】
(7)クッション性(高温長期間使用前後の弾力感)
60±2℃の恒温環境下で40cm×40cm四角の立体編物を剛体水平面上に置く。その上に、体重65kgの男性が5分間座った後、1分間退席することを1日に10回繰り返す。この試験を30日間繰り返す。試験前後の立体編物を20℃±2℃の恒温環境下に24時間放置し、その後、座った瞬間(立体編物に接した瞬間)の弾力感を官能評価により、
◎:適度な弾力感がある
○:適度な弾力感がややある
△:適度な弾力感がやや少ない
×:適度な弾力感が少ない
の4段階で相対評価する。
【0042】
(8)見栄え(高温長期間使用後の見栄え)
(7)の30日試験後の立体編物の凹み状態を外観観察により、
◎:凹みが全くない
○:凹みが殆どない
△:やや凹みがある
×:凹みが激しい
の4段階で相対評価する。
【0043】
【実施例1】
6枚筬を装備した18ゲージ、釜間5mmのダブルラッセル編機を用いる。編機の中間に位置する2枚の筬(L3、L4)から、連結糸として140dtex/1fのポリエチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(旭化成株式会社製)を給糸し、編機前面に位置する2枚の筬(L1、L2)から、表編地用糸として、167dtex/48fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維(旭化成(株)社製)を、編機背面に位置する2枚の筬(L5、L6)から、裏編地用糸として、167dtex/48fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維(旭化成(株)社製)を、いずれもガイドに1イン1アウトの配列で供給した。打ち込み22コース/2.54cmで、以下に示す編組織の表裏メッシュの立体編物を得た。
【0044】
この立体編物を70℃で精練し、余分な水分を脱液した。次いで、ピンテンターを用い、幅方向に50%、進行方向に−13%となるような引張率で、ピンテンターの乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を連続的に130℃×20秒、150℃×20秒、180℃×3分となるようにし、その後、5℃に冷却されたシリンダ乾燥機と5℃の冷風乾燥機に接触、通過させて形態を固定化し、表1の立体編物を得た。
【0045】
得られた立体編物はクッション性が良好で、常温下や高温下で長時間使用しても見栄え及びクッション性が変化しない、優れたものであった。
【0046】
【実施例2】
実施例1において、精練し、余分な水分を脱液後、シリコーン系加工剤ニッカシリコンAMZ(登録商標)(日華化学(株)社製)の見掛け濃度2wt%水分散液を、Wet−Pick−Upが60〜70%となるようにDip−Nip法で付与した。その後、実施例1と同様にピンテンターで熱処理し、表1の立体編物を得た。
ここで、Wet−Pick−upは、下記式により算出する。
Wet−Pik−up(%)=[(付与後立体編物重量/付与前立体編物重量―1)]×100
【0047】
【実施例3、4】
実施例1において、連結糸を200dtex/1fのナイロン6モノフィラメント(旭化成(株)製)とし、ピンテンターの乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を連続的に130℃×20秒、150℃×20秒、160℃×3分とした以外は、同様の方法で表1の立体編物を得た。
【0048】
【実施例5】
実施例1において、連結糸を140dtex/1fのポリトリメチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(ソロテックス(株)社製)とした以外は同様の方法で表1の立体編物を得た。
【0049】
【実施例6】
実施例1において、140dtex/1fのポリエチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(旭化成(株)社製)と、ドデカンニ酸共重合量が10モル%でガラス転位温度47℃、融点235℃、固有粘度[η]0.71の形状記憶性を有する140dtex/1fの共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメントが重量比70:30の割合の連結糸を用いた以外は同様の方法で表1の立体編物を得た。
【0050】
【実施例7】
6枚筬を装備した14ゲージ、釜間13mmのダブルラッシェル編機を用いた。編機の、表側の編地を形成する2枚の筬(L1、L2)から、500dtex/144fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維仮撚加工糸(旭化成(株)社製、167dtex/48fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維仮撚加工糸、黒色先染め糸、3本引き揃え)をオールインの配列で供給し、連結糸を形成する筬(L3)から、390dtex/1fのポリエチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント糸をオールインの配列で供給し、さらに、裏側の編地を形成する2枚の筬(L5、L6)から、500dtex/144fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維仮撚加工糸(旭化成(株)社製、167dtex/48fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維仮撚加工糸、黒色先染め糸、3本引き揃え)をオールインの配列で供給した。打ち込み13.5コース/2.54cmで、以下に示す編組織で連結糸が部分的にクロス構造(X構造)を形成する表裏が緻密な平坦な立体編物を編成した。
【0051】
この立体編物をピンテンターを用い、幅方向に5%、進行方向に−1%(オーバーフィード)となるような引張率で、ピンテンターの乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を連続的に130℃×20秒、150℃×20秒、180℃×3分となるようにし、その後、5℃に冷却されたシリンダ乾燥機と5℃の冷風乾燥機に接触、通過させて形態を固定化し、表1の立体編物を得た。
【0052】
(編組織)
L1:2322/1011/
L2:1011/2322/
L3:3410/4367/
L5:1110/0001/
L6:2210/2234/
【0053】
【実施例8】
実施例7において、実施例2と同様にシリコーン系加工剤ニッカシリコンAMZ(登録商標)(日華化学(株)社製)の見掛け濃度2wt%水分散液をWet−Pick−Upが80〜90%となるように、Dip−Nip法で付与した。その後、実施例7と同様にピンテンターで熱処理し、表1の立体編物を得た。
【0054】
【実施例9】
実施例7において、連結糸を390dtex/1fのポリトリメチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(ソロテックス(株)社製)とした以外は同様の方法で表1の立体編物を得た。
【0055】
【実施例10、11】
実施例7において、連結糸をそれぞれ660dtex/1fのポリエチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(旭化成(株)社製)、660dtex/1fのポリトリメチレンテレフタレートモノフィラメント(ソロテックス(株)社製)とした以外は同様の方法で表1の立体編物を得た。
【0056】
【比較例1】
実施例1において、編成時のダブルラッセル編機釜間を14mm、仕上げ加工時のピンテンター乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を180℃×1分のみとし、その後の冷却も20〜30℃の環境で放置冷却した以外は、同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。この立体編物は常温下での弾力感は良好であるが、高温環境下で長時間使用すると見栄え及びクッション性が劣るものであった。
【0057】
【比較例2、3】
比較例1において、ピンテンターの乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を140℃×1分(比較例2)又は200℃×1分(比較例3)とした以外は、同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。比較例1同様、この立体編物は常温下での弾力感は良好であるが、高温環境下で長時間使用すると見栄えやクッション性が劣るものであった。
【0058】
【比較例4】
比較例1において、連結糸を280dtex/30fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維とした以外は同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。この立体編物は、比較例1に比べ弾力感は少なく、かつ、高温環境下で長時間使用すると見栄えやクッション性が劣るものであった。
【0059】
【比較例5】
比較例1において、280dtex/30fのポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維と、ドデカンニ酸共重合量が10モル%でガラス転位温度47℃、融点235℃、固有粘度[η]0.71の形状記憶性を有する280dtex/30fの共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維を、重量比70:30の割合の連結糸とした以外は、同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。この立体編物は、比較例4と同様、弾力感がやや少ないが、共重合ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維が連結糸の一部に使用されているため高温環境下で長時間使用しても見栄えやクッション性の変化は少ないものであった。
【0060】
【比較例6】
比較例2において、編成時のダブルラッセル編機釜間を3mm、連結糸を200dtex/1fのナイロン6モノフィラメント(旭化成(株)社製)とした以外は同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。この立体編物は、弾力感は少なく、高温環境下で長時間使用すると見栄えやクッション性がやや劣るものであった。
【0061】
【比較例7】
実施例7において、編成時のダブルラッセル編機釜間を20mm、仕上げ加工時のピンテンター乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を180℃×1分のみとし、その後の冷却も20〜30℃の環境で放置冷却した以外は、同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。比較例1同様、この立体編物は、弾力感がややあるものの、高温環境下で長時間使用すると見栄えやクッション性が劣るものであった。
【0062】
【比較例8】
実施例10において、編成時のダブルラッセル編機釜間を5mm、仕上げ加工時のピンテンター乾燥ゾーンの温度及び滞留時間を180℃×1分のみとし、その後の冷却も20〜30℃の環境で放置冷却した以外は、同様の方法で表2の立体編物を得た。この立体編物は、非常に硬くかつクッション性の非常に少ないものであった。
【0063】
【表1】
【0064】
【表2】
【0065】
【発明の効果】
本発明の立体編物は、弾力性のあるクッション性や体圧分散性を有し、常温下又は高温下で長時間座ったり、洗濯したりして使用しても、見栄えや良好なクッション性の変わらない、耐久性に優れるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】立体編物のコース列に沿った切断面における連結糸のトラス構造の一例を示す模式図。
【図2】立体編物のコース列に沿った切断面における連結糸のクロス構造の一例を示す模式図。
【図3】立体編物のウエール列に沿った切断面から見たモノフィラメントの中心線の一例を示す模式図。
【図4】立体編物の荷重−変位曲線図[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional knitted fabric. More specifically, the present invention relates to a three-dimensional knitted fabric which does not deteriorate in good appearance and cushioning property even when used for a long time at normal temperature and high temperature.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The three-dimensional knitted fabric composed of the front and back two-layer knitted fabric and the connecting yarn for connecting the two-layered knitted fabric has various functions by utilizing functions such as cushioning property, air permeability, heat retention, body pressure dispersibility, and the like. It is used for cushioning materials (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
However, when these cushioning materials are used as car seats, if the luggage is left on the seats in the car or a child seat is attached in a high-temperature environment in summer, traces will remain when these are removed. However, the appearance and cushioning property deteriorated, which was a problem.
[0003]
Also, when used as a train seat installed on a high-temperature heater in the winter, if you sit for a long time, you will gradually get loose from the part exposed to the high temperature under the seat, the thickness will be reduced, There was a problem that appearance and cushioning property were reduced.
In recent years, three-dimensional knitted fabrics have been increasingly used as cushioning materials in bedding applications and nursing care applications from the viewpoints of body pressure dispersibility, cushioning properties, and air permeability. Due to the rubbing effect at the time, large deformation and sagging occurred, resulting in poor appearance and cushioning properties.
[0004]
As a three-dimensional knitted fabric that eliminates sagging and deformation in such a high-temperature environment, a bulky woven knitted fabric in which at least 30 wt% or more of a thread-like shape having a shape memory property among thread-like shapes connecting the front and back double-sided base fabrics has been proposed. (Patent Document 3). In the case where the thread form of the connecting yarn is a multifilament, the example discloses a multifilament connecting yarn having a single yarn fineness of 8 dtex. However, when the connecting yarn is a multifilament, the compression recovery rate is low because the single yarns are entangled during the compression recovery in a high temperature environment, and the compression recovery force is weak because the single yarn fineness is small, so that the yarn is not left in a very high temperature environment. And no recovery was exhibited.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-123362 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-89959 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-5-247783
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to apply a load or stress at room temperature and high temperature for a long period of time, for example, when sitting or washing at high temperature, the settling and deformation are easily restored, and the original three-dimensional knitted fabric is restored. It is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional knitted fabric having a good appearance and the same cushioning property.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such problems of the related art, the present inventors have intensively studied the relationship between the generation of set and deformation when used for a long time at room temperature or high temperature and the structure and characteristics of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention comprises a knitted fabric having two layers of front and back surfaces, and a connecting yarn formed of a monofilament having a fineness of 50 to 2,000 dtex for connecting the two-layered knitted fabric, and has a thickness index T calculated by the following equation. P Is 0.25 to 1.5 mm -1 The three-dimensional knitted fabric is kept at 50 ° C. in the thickness direction at 20 ° C. and 80 ° C. for 7 days, and then left uncompressed in a 20 ° C. environment for 5 minutes. The three-dimensional knitted fabric has a compression recovery rate of 90% or more after being left for 1 minute in an environment of 120 ° C. in a state.
[0008]
Thickness index T P = T / [(100 × N × D) / (1 × 10 6 × ρ 0 )]
(Where T (mm) is the thickness of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, N (book / 6.45 cm 2 ) Is 6.45 cm in the weft direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric 2 (= 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm), the number of connecting yarns in an area of D (dtex) is the fineness of the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric (connecting yarn 1 × 10 6 mass per cm g), ρ 0 (G / cm 3 ) Is the specific gravity of the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric)
[0009]
Hereinafter, the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention will be described in detail.
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is kept at 50% compression in the thickness direction at 20 ° C. and 80 ° C. for 7 days, then left uncompressed in a 20 ° C. environment for 5 minutes. It is necessary that both the compression recovery rates after leaving for 1 minute in an environment of 120 ° C. in the state (hereinafter referred to as high-temperature compression recovery rates) are 90% or more.
The environment of 20 ° C., 80 ° C. and 120 ° C. means that the ambient temperature of the space is set to 20 ° C., 80 ° C. and 120 ° C., respectively, in a closed space such as a dryer or a constant temperature room, which is isolated from the external environment. Environment.
[0010]
"To compress and hold by 50% in the thickness direction" means to cut a three-dimensional knitted fabric into a square of 10 cm and sandwich it between smooth stainless steel plates so that the distance between the metal plates is uniform, and the distance between the metal plates is uniform. The compression is performed so that the front knitted fabric and the back knitted fabric do not undergo shear deformation in which the front knitted fabric and the back knitted fabric are displaced in the length direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric (direction along the wale row) so that the distance becomes 50% of the distance immediately after the sandwiching. And fix it with a jig.
The “non-compressed state” indicates that the three-dimensional knitted fabric is taken out from the space between the stainless steel plates in a temperature of 20 ° C. and 80 ° C. without applying stress as much as possible, so that there is no compressive stress.
[0011]
The high-temperature compression recovery rate is calculated by the following equation.
High temperature compression recovery rate (%) = (T 1 / T 0 ) × 100
Where T 1 Is the thickness (mm) of the three-dimensional knitted fabric after left for 1 minute in an uncompressed state at 120 ° C. 0 Indicates the thickness (mm) of the three-dimensional knitted fabric immediately before performing the same operation.
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention needs to have a high-temperature compression recovery of 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, and more preferably 100%. If the high-temperature compression recovery rate is less than 90%, if the three-dimensional knitted fabric is partially compressed for a long time in a high-temperature environment by putting luggage or attaching a child seat, traces will remain when the load is removed. , Appearance and cushioning properties deteriorate.
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is composed of a knitted fabric having two layers of front and back surfaces and a connecting yarn for connecting the two layers of knitted fabric, and at least a part of the connecting yarn is formed of a monofilament having a fineness of 50 to 2,000 dtex. It is necessary to be.
[0012]
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention can be knitted by a knitting machine having two rows of needle beds facing each other, and knitted by a double Russell knitting machine, a double tricot knitting machine, a double circular knitting machine, a flat knitting machine having a V bed, or the like. it can. In order to obtain a three-dimensional knitted material having good dimensional stability, it is preferable to use a double Russell knitting machine. The gauge of the knitting machine is preferably from 9 gauge to 28 gauge.
The two-layered knitted structure of the front and back surfaces constituting the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention has a mesh, lattice, or the like having a square shape, a hexagonal shape, or the like in terms of exhibiting good cushioning property and body pressure dispersibility while appropriately securing air permeability. It is preferable that the number of stitches (the number of courses) constituting one mesh in a perforated tissue such as a ridge tone, a marquisette or the like be 12 or less. If at least one of the front and back knitting structures is a knitting structure such as a flat structure or an uneven structure without holes, a knitting structure in which the entire course is formed by a knit loop, a composite structure of a knit loop structure and an insertion structure, or the like may be used. it can.
[0013]
As the yarn constituting the two-layered knitted fabric, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyethylene naphthalate fiber, polyamide fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, and polychlorinated fiber Synthetic fiber such as vinyl fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinylidene chloride fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride fiber, polyacryl fiber, polyarylate fiber, biodegradable fiber, natural fiber such as cotton, hemp, wool, copper ammonia rayon, viscose Any fiber such as regenerated fiber such as rayon and lyocell can be used. Polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, and polyethylene naphthalate fiber are preferred from the viewpoint of strength, knitting property, chemical recyclability and the like.
[0014]
The cross-sectional shape of the fiber is polygonal such as round, triangular, L-shaped, T-shaped, Y-shaped, W-shaped, Yatsuha-shaped, flat-shaped, dogbone-shaped, various types of solid type, same polygon, Various types such as hollow type and irregular type can be given. From the viewpoint that physical properties such as surface wear resistance and strength can be imparted to the three-dimensional knitted fabric, a round solid type and a round hollow type are preferable.
The form of the fiber may be any of unprocessed yarn, spun yarn, twisted yarn, false twisted yarn, fluid jet processed yarn, and the like, and may be a multifilament or a monofilament. In order to increase the coverage so that the monofilament of the connecting yarn is not exposed to the surface of the knitted fabric, it is necessary to use a multifilament false twisted yarn, a bulky yarn such as a spun yarn on at least one side surface, particularly the surface layer side of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. preferable.
[0015]
As the multifilament, usually, a fineness having a total fineness of 50 to 2500 dtex and a single yarn fineness of 0.1 to 30 dtex is used, but other finenesses can be arbitrarily set. At this time, when the fineness C (dtex) of the connected yarn monofilament and the fineness m (dtex) of all the multifilaments concerning one needle of the knitting machine satisfy C / m ≦ 0.9, the multifilament is formed on the surface of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. Is coated with a monofilament, which is preferable in that a glare feeling unique to the monofilament can be suppressed and the texture of the surface of the knitted fabric can be improved.
[0016]
From the viewpoint of design, a pre-dyed yarn that has been dyed in a conventional manner before knitting, or a dyed yarn mixed with a color pigment as necessary may be used. If necessary, matting agents such as titanium dioxide, stabilizers such as phosphoric acid, ultraviolet absorbers such as hydroxybenzophenone derivatives, crystallization nucleating agents such as talc, lubricating agents such as aerosil, and antioxidants such as hindered phenol derivatives. An oxidizing agent, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a fluorescent whitening agent, an infrared absorbing agent, an antifoaming agent and the like may be contained.
[0017]
Regarding the physical properties of the multifilament, for example, when polyethylene terephthalate fiber is used as the multifilament, the intrinsic viscosity of the fiber is preferably 0.4 to 0.8 from the viewpoint of durability such as surface abrasion resistance, The fiber breaking strength is preferably 3 to 5 cN / dtex, and the breaking elongation is preferably 20 to 40%. When polytrimethylene terephthalate fibers are used, the intrinsic viscosity [η] is preferably 0.8 to 1.5, the fiber breaking strength is 3 to 5 cN / dtex, and the breaking elongation is preferably 30 to 60%.
[0018]
The connecting yarn for connecting the two-layer knitted fabric on the front and back surfaces of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention has no deterioration in appearance even when used for a long time at room temperature or high temperature, and has good cushioning property and good body pressure dispersibility. In order to obtain it, it is necessary to use a monofilament having a fineness of 50 to 2000 dtex.
Monofilaments include polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyethylene naphthalate fiber, polyamide fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and polyvinylidene chloride. Any fiber such as fiber, polyvinylidene fluoride fiber, polyacetal fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber, biodegradable fiber, thermoplastic elastomer fiber such as polyester or polyolefin, glass fiber, and metal fiber can be used. Polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephthalate fiber, polyethylene naphth Polyester fiber rate fibers, polyamide fibers, thermoplastic elastomeric fibers of polyester preferred.
[0019]
In order to improve the compression recovery rate of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention, at least 10 wt% or more of the connecting yarn may be a shape-memory polyester monofilament. The term “shape memory” as used herein means that the material is heated to a processing temperature stored in an arbitrary shape (shape A), and then stored at a temperature lower than the memory processing temperature and at a specific temperature of 20 to 100 ° C. After being once deformed into a different shape (shape B) by an external force, the shape is temporarily fixed by holding or cooling at a temperature lower than the glass transition temperature and then heated again to a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature without tension. This means that it has a function of recovering the shape A.
[0020]
As the shape memory polyester, a dicarboxylic acid component comprising at least an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component and having a molar ratio of 70/30 to 95/5, and one or more aliphatic diol components Is preferably a main component.
Examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid component include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4, -diphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, and the like. Is mentioned. Examples of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component include adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecandioic acid, hexadecandioic acid, and eicosanediacid. On the other hand, examples of the aliphatic diol component include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, and 1,9-nonanediol.
[0021]
The components constituting the shape-memory polyester and the copolymerization ratio thereof can be selected from a wide range, but it is preferable in terms of economy, physical properties and the like, for example, that terephthalic acid and dodecanedioic acid are used as dicarboxylic acid components in a molar ratio of 70. / 30 to 95/5 and a polyester using ethylene glycol as a diol component.
As the cross-sectional shape of the monofilament fiber, there are polygonal types such as round, triangular, L-type, T-type, Y-type, W-type, Yatsuha-type, flat type, dog-bone type, various types of solid types and sheath cores. Molds, polygons, various types of hollow molds and irregular shapes may be used, but there is no change in appearance even after long-term use at room temperature or high temperature, and good cushioning properties and good body pressure dispersibility are obtained. From the point of view, a round solid type, a round concentric sheath core type or a round hollow type is preferable.
[0022]
In the case of a round concentric sheath-core type, the material constituting the sheath component / core component is, for example, polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate / polybutylene terephthalate / A combination of polyethylene nalephthalate, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer / polybutylene terephthalate, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer / polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer / polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamide / polyethylene terephthalate can be used.
[0023]
Polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate is preferred because the appearance of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention does not change even when used for a long time at normal temperature or high temperature, and good cushioning property and good body pressure dispersibility can be obtained. A polyester thermoplastic elastomer / polytrimethylene terephthalate combination is preferred.
The fineness of the monofilament used for the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is particularly important because it affects the compression recovery rate of the present invention. The compression recovery of the three-dimensional knitted fabric corresponds to the bending recovery of the monofilament at the connecting portion connecting the two layers of the front and back knitted fabrics of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention. The higher the bending stress in proportion to the fourth power of the fiber diameter, that is, the higher the bending stress in proportion to the square of the fineness of the fiber, the better the recoverability of the monofilament. Therefore, the higher the fineness of the fiber, the higher the bending recovery at high temperatures. Properties, that is, high compression recovery at high temperatures.
[0024]
The fineness of the connecting yarn monofilament of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention needs to be 50 to 2000 dtex, preferably 80 to 1500 dtex, and more preferably 100 to 1000 dtex. When the fineness is less than 50 dtex, the fineness of the fiber is too small, so that the compression recovery rate of the three-dimensional knitted fabric becomes small, and the appearance and the cushioning property are poor. If the fineness exceeds 2,000 dtex, the fineness of the fiber is too large, so it is extremely difficult to knit as a connecting yarn of a three-dimensional knitted fabric. The texture becomes rough.
[0025]
Like the multifilament, the monofilament may be a dyed yarn previously dyed by a conventional method before knitting or a dyed yarn mixed with a color pigment as required from the viewpoint of design. If necessary, a matting agent such as titanium dioxide, a stabilizer such as phosphoric acid, an ultraviolet absorber such as a hydroxybenzophenone derivative, a crystallization nucleating agent such as talc, a lubricating agent such as aerosil, a hindered phenol derivative, etc. And the like, an antioxidant, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a pigment, a fluorescent whitening agent, an infrared absorber, an antifoaming agent, and the like.
[0026]
Further, the thickness index T of the three-dimensional knitted fabric calculated by the following equation P Is 0.25 to 1.5 mm -1 And preferably 0.3 to 1.2 mm -1 It is.
Thickness index T P = T / [(100 × N × D) / (1 × 10 6 × ρ 0 )]
In the formula, T (mm) is the thickness of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, N (book / 6.45 cm) 2 ) Is 6.45 cm in the weft direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric 2 (= 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm), the number of connecting yarns in the area, D (dtex) is the connecting yarn fineness (connecting yarn 1 × 10 6 mass per cm g), ρ 0 (G / cm 3 ) Represents the specific gravity of the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knit.
Thickness index T P Is 0.25mm -1 If it is less than 1.5 mm, it becomes inferior in cushioning properties under normal temperature and high temperature, and 1.5 mm -1 If it exceeds, compression recovery at high temperatures is inferior. By setting the thickness index in this range, the compression recovery rate is further improved, and both the cushioning property and the body pressure dispersibility are improved.
[0027]
The connecting yarn monofilament may form a loop-shaped stitch in the front and back knitted fabric, or may have a structure in which it is hooked on the front and back knitted fabric in an insertion texture. In order to improve the form stability of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, it is preferable that at least two connecting yarns obliquely incline the front and back knitted fabrics in opposite directions and connect them in a cross shape (X shape) or a truss shape. .
In the case of the truss structure, as shown in a cross-sectional view along the course row in FIG. 1 ) Is preferably from 40 to 160 °, because the dimensional stability of the three-dimensional knitted fabric is increased.
In the case of the cross structure, as shown in a cross-sectional view along the course row in FIG. 2 ) Is preferably 15 to 150 degrees. At this time, the two connecting yarns constituting the truss structure and the cross structure may be a case where one connecting yarn is folded back on the front or back knitted fabric, and apparently two.
[0028]
The curvature of the monofilament in the three-dimensional knitted fabric is preferably 0.01 to 1.6, more preferably 0.03 to 1.0, and most preferably 0.05 to 0.7. Here, the “curvature of the monofilament” refers to the curvature of the arc formed by the center line of the monofilament in the portion where the monofilament is maximally curved in the three-dimensional knitted fabric. FIG. 3 is an example showing a center line of a monofilament viewed from a cut surface along a wale row of a three-dimensional knitted fabric. When the curvature of the monofilament is less than 0.01, when a load is applied in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the front knitted fabric and the back knitted fabric are displaced in the length direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric (the direction along the wale row). Deformation is likely to occur, the hysteresis loss at the time of compression recovery is large, and cushioning without elasticity may be obtained. In addition, the tendency tends to increase by repeated compression. If the curvature of the monofilament exceeds 1.6, shear deformation is unlikely to occur, but the cushioning property may be less elastic.
[0029]
The hysteresis loss at the time of 50% compression in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is preferably 50% or less, and the closer to 0%, the more excellent cushioning with elasticity. In order to satisfy these conditions, it is important to optimize the thickness of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the diameter of the monofilament, the curvature, the inclined state, and the like.
The thickness and basis weight of the three-dimensional knitted fabric can be arbitrarily set according to the purpose, but the thickness is preferably 2 to 30 mm. When the thickness is less than 2 mm, the cushioning property may be reduced, and when the thickness is more than 30 mm, finish processing for fixing the form may be difficult. The basis weight is preferably 150 to 3000 g / m. 2 , More preferably 200 to 2000 g / m 2 It is.
[0030]
In order to achieve the present invention, a heat setting method at the time of finishing the three-dimensional knitted fabric is particularly important. In the case of a three-dimensional knitted fabric using yarn-dyed yarn or original yarn, the greige machine can be finished through a heat setting process.If either the connecting yarn or the front and back yarn is an uncolored three-dimensional knitted fabric, the greige machine is scoured and dyed. , Heat setting and the like.
In particular, as a heat setting method to maintain the appearance and cushioning properties during long-term use at high temperatures and improve the high-temperature compression recovery rate, gradually apply tension to the monofilament during heat setting, It is preferable to raise the temperature to the heat setting temperature, lengthen the heat setting time as much as possible, and cool rapidly so that the form is easily fixed after the heat setting.
[0031]
General dryers such as cylinder dryers, superheated steam dryers, suction drum dryers, loop dryers, short loop dryers, pin tenter dryers, clip tenter dryers, and non-touch dryers are used for heat setting. It is preferable to use a pin tenter drier or a clip tenter drier which is continuously combined with a drier having an arbitrary drying temperature set from the viewpoints of temperature rise and control of the number of courses / wales of the three-dimensional knitted fabric.
[0032]
The reached heat setting temperature is preferably from 150 to 190C. If the temperature is less than 150 ° C., the shape fixing effect by heat setting is small, and the high-temperature compression recovery may decrease.If the temperature exceeds 190 ° C., the shape fixing effect is high, but the connecting yarn monofilament becomes hard, Cushioning properties may decrease.
The heat setting time is preferably 2 to 10 minutes. If this time is less than 2 minutes, the effect of fixing the shape is low and the high-temperature compression recovery property may be reduced similarly to the setting temperature. If the time exceeds 10 minutes, the effect of fixing the shape is high, but the connecting yarn monofilament is hard, In some cases, the cushioning property is inferior, or the fiber strength is greatly reduced, causing breakage during long-term use.
[0033]
As a method of gradually raising the temperature to the heat setting temperature, there is a method in which a drying box of a dryer such as a pin tenter dryer or a clip tenter dryer is continuously provided with a temperature difference and gradually heated.
The quenching method after the heat setting can be performed using the same dryer as the heat setting dryer. In particular, in the case of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, the surface contact type cooling cylinder dryer and the cool air hot air dryer are used because of the thickness. It is preferable to perform rapid cooling at a cooling temperature of 0 to 10 ° C. in combination with the above.
[0034]
At the time of this heat setting, the raw material before heat setting, the refined or dyed three-dimensional knitted fabric, if necessary, the tensile ratio is -20 to 100% in the width direction during heat setting and -20 in the advancing direction. Preferably, it is changed by 5050%.
The tensile rate (%) is represented by the following equation.
Tensile rate (%) = (length after setting / length before setting−1) × 100
By setting the tensile ratio in this way, the connecting yarn can be made into a cross shape (X shape) or a truss shape to further improve the shape stability of the three-dimensional knitted fabric.
[0035]
Further, it is preferable to add a silicone finish before the heat setting step, since the frictional force between the fibers can be reduced or the stretchability can be imparted to improve the high temperature compression recovery. Examples of the silicone finish include amino-modified silicone, dimethyl silicone, epoxy-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone, and polyether-modified silicone. Amino-modified silicone is preferable in that it can further improve durability and high-temperature compression recovery. The amount to be applied is preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the weight of the fiber from the viewpoint of improving the high-temperature compressibility. Examples of the application method include a Dip-Nip (so-called immersion and drainage) method, a kiss roll application method, a gravure roll application method, a spray application method, and a foam type application method. The Dip-Nip method is preferred in that a silicone finish can be sufficiently applied to the connecting yarn.
[0036]
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention is used for vehicles such as automobiles, trains, trains, etc., aircraft such as passenger aircraft, child seats, strollers, furniture, office cushions, etc., bedding, bed pads, mattresses, bedsore prevention mats, pillows. , Cushion materials such as cushions, spacers such as clothing pads, cushion materials such as backpacks, school bags, shape-retaining materials, cushioning materials, heat insulating materials, underlays for fresh food, medical sheets, shoe upper materials, insole materials, supporters , Protectors and the like.
[0037]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to Examples.
The methods for measuring various physical properties of the three-dimensional knitted fabric are as follows.
(1) Thickness of three-dimensional knitted fabric
Average value measured 10 times with a thickness gauge with a contact pressure of 490 Pa.
(2) High temperature compression recovery rate
High temperature compression recovery rate (%) = (T 1 / T 0 ) × 100
Where T 1 In the environment of 20 ° C. and 80 ° C., each was kept at 50% compression in the thickness direction for 7 days, then left uncompressed for 5 minutes in an environment of 20 ° C. Below, the thickness (mm) of the three-dimensional knitted fabric measured by (1) measuring method after leaving the three-dimensional knitted fabric for 1 minute in a non-compressed state is expressed by 0 Represents the thickness (mm) of the three-dimensional knitted fabric measured by the measuring method (1) immediately before performing the same operation.
[0038]
(3) Fiber fineness, fiber length
It is measured according to JIS-L-1013 method.
(4) Intrinsic viscosity [η]
Using an Ostwald viscometer, the specific viscosity ηsp in the o-chlorophenol solution at 35 ° C. and the ratio ηsp / C of the polymer concentration C (g / 100 ml) are extrapolated to a concentration of zero, and determined by the following equation.
[0039]
(5) Curvature of monofilament: C
An enlarged photograph of the curved state of the monofilament of the connecting yarn in the three-dimensional knitted fabric is taken from a direction perpendicular to an arc (semicircle) formed by bending the monofilament. At this time, when the connecting yarn is inclined, the image is taken in accordance with the inclination angle. The enlarged photograph is read into a computer using an image scanner, and the image analysis software of a high-definition image analysis system IP1000PC (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) is used. Draw a circumcircle (concave side) and a circumscribed circle (convex side of the monofilament). From this, the average value (value converted to the actual size) of each circle radius is calculated, the radius of curvature r (mm) with respect to the center line of the monofilament is obtained, and the curvature is calculated by the following equation. Here, the connecting yarn connecting the stitches of the facing knitted fabric and the stitch of the back knitted fabric is a substantially vertical connecting yarn, and the connecting yarn connecting the stitches of the surface knitted fabric and the stitches of the back knitted fabric which are separated from the opposing stitches by at least one wale. It is an inclined connection yarn.
C = 1 / r
[0040]
(6) Hysteresis loss at 50% compression recovery: L (%)
Using a Shimadzu Autograph AG-10TB type (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), a 150 mm × 150 mm square, thickness T placed on a rigid horizontal surface with a disk-shaped compression jig having a diameter of 100 mm. 0 (Mm) at a speed of 10 mm / min. 0 Compress to a thickness of / 2 and apply a load. Immediately after reaching a predetermined thickness, it is released at a speed of 10 mm / min and de-weighted. From the displacement-load curve shown in FIG. 4 obtained at this time, an area A surrounded by an OPE formed by a going (compression) curve and a displacement axis (x-axis). 0 (Cm 2 ), Return (open) curve and displacement axis (x-axis) formed by E 1 Area A enclosed by -PE 1 (Cm 2 ) Is calculated, and the hysteresis loss L (%) is calculated by the following equation.
L (%) = [(A 0 -A 1 ) / A 0 ] X 100
[0041]
(7) Cushioning property (elasticity before and after long-term use at high temperatures)
A three-dimensional knitted fabric of 40 cm × 40 cm square is placed on a rigid horizontal plane under a constant temperature environment of 60 ± 2 ° C. On top of that, a man weighing 65 kg sits for 5 minutes and then leaves for 1 minute, 10 times a day. This test is repeated for 30 days. The three-dimensional knitted fabric before and after the test was left in a constant temperature environment of 20 ° C. ± 2 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the elasticity at the moment of sitting (the moment of contact with the three-dimensional knitted fabric) was determined by sensory evaluation.
◎: Moderate elasticity
:: moderate elasticity
△: Moderate elasticity is slightly less
×: Moderate elasticity is low
The relative evaluation is made in four steps.
[0042]
(8) Appearance (Appearance after long-term use at high temperature)
(7) The dent state of the three-dimensional knitted fabric after the 30-day test was observed by external observation.
◎: No dent
○: almost no dent
△: Slight dent
×: severe dent
The relative evaluation is made in four steps.
[0043]
Embodiment 1
An 18 gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with 6 reeds and 5 mm between pots is used. 140 dtex / 1f polyethylene terephthalate monofilament (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) is supplied as a connecting yarn from the two reeds (L3, L4) located in the middle of the knitting machine, and the two reeds (L3, L4) are located on the front of the knitting machine. L1 and L2), a 167 dtex / 48f polyethylene terephthalate fiber (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) as a yarn for the front knitting fabric, and a back knitting fabric from two reeds (L5 and L6) located on the back of the knitting machine. As the yarn for use, 167 dtex / 48f polyethylene terephthalate fiber (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) was supplied to the guide in an arrangement of 1 in 1 out. A three-dimensional knitted fabric with the following front and back meshes having the following knitting structure was obtained at a driving speed of 22 courses / 2.54 cm.
[0044]
The three-dimensional knitted product was scoured at 70 ° C. to remove excess water. Next, using a pin tenter, the temperature and residence time of the drying zone of the pin tenter were continuously set at 130 ° C. × 20 seconds and 150 ° C. × 20 seconds at a tensile ratio of 50% in the width direction and −13% in the advancing direction. After that, the temperature was adjusted to 180 ° C. × 3 minutes, and thereafter, it was brought into contact with and passed through a cylinder drier cooled to 5 ° C. and a cool air drier at 5 ° C. to fix the form, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 1.
[0045]
The obtained three-dimensional knitted fabric was excellent in cushioning property, and did not change appearance and cushioning property even when used for a long time at normal temperature or high temperature.
[0046]
Embodiment 2
In Example 1, after scouring and removing excess water, a 2 wt% aqueous dispersion of a silicone-based processing agent Nikka Silicon AMZ (registered trademark) (manufactured by Nichika Chemical Co., Ltd.) was wet-picked. -It was provided by the Dip-Nip method so that Up was 60 to 70%. Then, it heat-processed with the pin tenter similarly to Example 1, and obtained the three-dimensional knitted fabric of Table 1.
Here, Wet-Pick-up is calculated by the following equation.
Wet-Pik-up (%) = [(weight of solid knitted fabric after application / weight of solid knitted fabric before application-1)] × 100
[0047]
Embodiments 3 and 4
In Example 1, the connecting yarn was 200 dtex / 1f nylon 6 monofilament (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), and the temperature and residence time of the drying zone of the pin tenter were continuously 130 ° C. × 20 seconds, 150 ° C. × 20 seconds, 160 ° C. A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 1 was obtained in the same manner except that the temperature was changed to 3 ° C × 3 minutes.
[0048]
Embodiment 5
A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the connecting yarn was 140 dtex / 1f polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament (manufactured by Solotex Co., Ltd.).
[0049]
Embodiment 6
In Example 1, a 140 dtex / 1f polyethylene terephthalate monofilament (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation), a dodecaneanilic acid copolymerization amount of 10 mol%, a glass transition temperature of 47 ° C., a melting point of 235 ° C., and an intrinsic viscosity [η] of 0.71 A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 1 was obtained in the same manner except that 140 dtex / 1f copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate monofilament having a shape memory property of using a connecting yarn having a weight ratio of 70:30 was used.
[0050]
Embodiment 7
A 14 gauge double raschel knitting machine equipped with six reeds and having a pot distance of 13 mm was used. 500 dtex / 144f polyethylene terephthalate fiber false twisting yarn (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, 167 dtex / 48f polyethylene terephthalate fiber false twist) from two reeds (L1 and L2) forming the front side knitted fabric of the knitting machine. The processed yarn, the black dyed yarn, and the three yarns are supplied in an all-in arrangement, and a 390 dtex / 1f polyethylene terephthalate monofilament yarn is supplied in an all-in arrangement from a reed (L3) forming a connecting yarn. Furthermore, a 500 dtex / 144f polyethylene terephthalate fiber false twisted yarn (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, 167 dtex / 48f polyethylene terephthalate fiber false twisted yarn) was obtained from two reeds (L5, L6) forming the back side knitted fabric. , Black yarn-dyed yarn, and three yarns) were supplied in an all-in arrangement. A flat three-dimensional knitted fabric in which the connecting yarn partially forms a cross structure (X structure) with a knitting structure shown below and having a knitting structure shown below at 13.5 courses / 2.54 cm is knitted.
[0051]
Using a pin tenter, the three-dimensional knitted fabric was continuously heated at a temperature of 130 ° C. × 20 seconds in a drying zone of the pin tenter at a tensile rate of 5% in the width direction and −1% (overfeed) in the traveling direction. , 150 ° C. × 20 seconds, 180 ° C. × 3 minutes, and then contacted and passed through a cylinder dryer cooled to 5 ° C. and a cool air dryer at 5 ° C. to fix the form. I got a knit.
[0052]
(Editing organization)
L1: 2322/1011 /
L2: 1011/2322 /
L3: 3410/4367 /
L5: 1110/0001 /
L6: 2210/2234 /
[0053]
Embodiment 8
In Example 7, in the same manner as in Example 2, a 2 wt% aqueous dispersion of the silicone-based processing agent Nikka Silicon AMZ (registered trademark) (manufactured by Nichika Chemical Co., Ltd.) was wet-pick-up with a water-pick-up of 80 to 90. % By the Dip-Nip method. Then, it heat-processed with the pin tenter similarly to Example 7, and obtained the three-dimensional knitted fabric of Table 1.
[0054]
Embodiment 9
A three-dimensional knitted fabric of Table 1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the connecting yarn was a polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament of 390 dtex / 1f (manufactured by Solotex Co., Ltd.).
[0055]
Embodiments 10 and 11
In the same manner as in Example 7, except that the connecting yarns were 660 dtex / 1f polyethylene terephthalate monofilament (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) and 660 dtex / 1f polytrimethylene terephthalate monofilament (manufactured by Solotex Corporation), respectively. Thus, a three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 1 was obtained.
[0056]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, the interval between the double raschel knitting machines during knitting was 14 mm, the temperature and residence time of the pin tenter drying zone during finishing were only 180 ° C. × 1 minute, and the subsequent cooling was left in an environment of 20 to 30 ° C. A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner except for cooling. Although the three-dimensional knitted fabric had a good elasticity at room temperature, it was inferior in appearance and cushioning when used for a long time in a high temperature environment.
[0057]
[Comparative Examples 2 and 3]
In Comparative Example 1, the three-dimensional knitted fabric of Table 2 was produced in the same manner except that the temperature and the residence time of the drying zone of the pin tenter were changed to 140 ° C. × 1 minute (Comparative Example 2) or 200 ° C. × 1 minute (Comparative Example 3). Got. As in Comparative Example 1, this three-dimensional knitted fabric had good elasticity at room temperature, but was inferior in appearance and cushioning when used for a long time in a high temperature environment.
[0058]
[Comparative Example 4]
A three-dimensional knitted fabric of Table 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the connecting yarn was made of polyethylene terephthalate fiber of 280 dtex / 30f. The three-dimensional knitted fabric had less elasticity than that of Comparative Example 1, and was inferior in appearance and cushioning when used for a long time in a high temperature environment.
[0059]
[Comparative Example 5]
In Comparative Example 1, 280 dtex / 30f polyethylene terephthalate fiber, 280 dtex / having a glass transition temperature of 47 ° C., a melting point of 235 ° C., and a shape memory of an intrinsic viscosity [η] of 0.71 with a dodecanoic acid copolymerization amount of 10 mol%. A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner except that 30f copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate fiber was used as a connecting yarn in a weight ratio of 70:30. This three-dimensional knitted fabric has a little less elasticity, as in Comparative Example 4, but because the copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate fiber is used as a part of the connecting yarn, it has good appearance and cushioning even when used for a long time in a high temperature environment. The change was small.
[0060]
[Comparative Example 6]
In Comparative Example 2, a three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2, except that the distance between the double raschel knitting machines during knitting was 3 mm and the connecting yarn was 200 dtex / 1f nylon 6 monofilament (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation). Was. This three-dimensional knitted fabric had little elasticity, and when used in a high-temperature environment for a long time, had poor appearance and cushioning properties.
[0061]
[Comparative Example 7]
In Example 7, the interval between the double raschel knitting machines during knitting was 20 mm, the temperature and residence time of the pin tenter drying zone during finishing were only 180 ° C. × 1 minute, and the subsequent cooling was left in an environment of 20 to 30 ° C. A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner except for cooling. As in Comparative Example 1, the three-dimensional knitted fabric had a slight elasticity, but was inferior in appearance and cushioning when used in a high-temperature environment for a long time.
[0062]
[Comparative Example 8]
In Example 10, the distance between the double raschel knitting machines during knitting was 5 mm, the temperature and residence time of the pin tenter drying zone during finishing were only 180 ° C. × 1 minute, and the subsequent cooling was left in an environment of 20 to 30 ° C. A three-dimensional knitted fabric shown in Table 2 was obtained in the same manner except for cooling. The three-dimensional knit was very hard and had very little cushioning property.
[0063]
[Table 1]
[0064]
[Table 2]
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
The three-dimensional knitted fabric of the present invention has elastic cushioning properties and body pressure dispersibility, and can be used for a long time at room temperature or high temperature, or when used after washing, and has good appearance and good cushioning properties. It does not change and has excellent durability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of a truss structure of a connecting yarn on a cut surface along a course row of a three-dimensional knitted fabric.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a cross structure of a connecting yarn on a cut surface along a course row of a three-dimensional knitted fabric.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a center line of a monofilament viewed from a cut surface along a wale row of a three-dimensional knitted fabric.
FIG. 4 is a load-displacement curve diagram of a three-dimensional knitted fabric.
Claims (1)
厚み指数TP=T/[(100×N×D)/(1×106×ρ0)]
(式中、T(mm)は、立体編物の厚み、N(本/6.45cm2)は、立体編物の経緯方向6.45cm2(=2.54cm×2.54cm)の面積中にある連結糸の本数、D(dtex)は、立体編物の連結糸の繊度(連結糸1×106cm当たりの質量g)、ρ0(g/cm3)は、立体編物の連結糸の比重である)And front and back surfaces two layers of knitted fabric, connecting the knitted fabric of the two layers, fineness is composed of connecting yarn according monofilament 50~2000Dtex, the thickness index T P calculated by the following equation 0.25. A three-dimensional knitted fabric of 5 mm −1 , which is held at 20 ° C. and 80 ° C. in an environment of 20 ° C. for 50 days in a thickness direction for 7 days, and then left uncompressed in an environment of 20 ° C. for 5 minutes. A three-dimensional knitted fabric having a compression recovery rate of 90% or more after being left for 1 minute in an environment of 120 ° C. in a non-compressed state.
Thickness index T P = T / [(100 × N × D) / (1 × 10 6 × ρ 0 )]
(Where T (mm) is the thickness of the three-dimensional knit, N (book / 6.45 cm 2 ) is in the area of 6.45 cm 2 (= 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm) in the weft direction of the three-dimensional knit. The number of connecting yarns, D (dtex), is the fineness of the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric (mass per 1 × 10 6 cm of connecting yarn), and ρ 0 (g / cm 3 ) is the specific gravity of the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional knitted fabric. is there)
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007107161A (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-26 | Delta Tooling Co Ltd | Shaping method of shaped article three-dimensional knitted fabric and shaped article of three-dimensional knitted fabric |
JP2013230191A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | Teijin Frontier Co Ltd | Shoe material, and shoe |
JP7549128B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | Seat covering material and seat including same |
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US12070132B2 (en) | 2022-09-09 | 2024-08-27 | MillerKnoll, Inc. | Seating structure having a knitted suspension material |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2007107161A (en) * | 2005-10-17 | 2007-04-26 | Delta Tooling Co Ltd | Shaping method of shaped article three-dimensional knitted fabric and shaped article of three-dimensional knitted fabric |
JP2013230191A (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-11-14 | Teijin Frontier Co Ltd | Shoe material, and shoe |
JP7549128B2 (en) | 2021-03-24 | 2024-09-10 | 旭化成株式会社 | Seat covering material and seat including same |
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