JP2004243281A - Method for drying/carbonizing organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a treatment plant for a liquid-containing waste with which the liquid-containing waste can more efficiently be treated. <P>SOLUTION: The liquid-containing waste treatment plant is constituted by connecting a reduced pressure drying apparatus D which subjects the liquid-containing waste (object to be treated) 24 to reduced pressure drying by vacuum suction under agitation and a deodorization purification apparatus P which deodorizes and purified the vapor vacuum-sucked from the apparatus D substantially by using a hermetic system. The apparatus D uses a rotating horizontally placed tube 1 as a reduced pressure treating vessel. The apparatus P is equipped with an ejector 19 which cyclically uses a liquid in a septic tank 22 as first fluid in corporation with a counter-current contact bed 25. A second fluid inlet 19a of the ejector 19 is connected to a vacuum suction port 19a of the apparatus D. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
【Technical field】
The present invention, various sludge, various concentrated waste liquid, human manure, cow, pig, bird manure, food residue, agricultural waste, woody waste, rubber waste, paper waste, medical waste, The present invention relates to a dry carbonization method and a dry carbonization plant suitable for converting combustible organic wastes such as waste plastics and general municipal waste into useful materials and reducing the wastes to zero (zero emission).
[0002]
[Background Art]
Conventional drying carbonization equipment has a drying oven and a carbonization furnace separated, or requires a gas cooling tower, a bag filter, etc., the equipment is complicated, there are many troubles, and good products cannot be obtained. Was.
[0003]
Further, in an apparatus capable of performing drying and carbonization in the same furnace, a burner for burning the carbonization gas is required, and the apparatus is treated as an incinerator.
[0004]
There is also a method of burning some raw materials and burning them, but this results in a large amount of ash and does not provide good charcoal.
[0005]
In addition, the present inventors have not yet seen or heard a device capable of collecting carbonized gas and reusing the oil without reusing the gas.
[0006]
The gasification and melting system needs to be heated to a higher temperature, and the higher the temperature, the shorter its life, often requires maintenance, and many dust collectors and desulfurization equipment and other auxiliary equipment, and the price is very high. It is too expensive for ordinary small and medium-sized enterprises.
[0007]
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention does not generate dioxin, has no problem of odor, obtains high-quality carbides, oils, and gases under energy saving by low-temperature treatment, produces useful materials from waste, and realizes zero emission or closed system It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for carbonizing organic waste, which facilitates carbonization.
[0008]
The present inventors have made intensive efforts to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have arrived at a method of drying and carbonizing organic waste having the following structure.
[0009]
The organic waste is carbonized by vacuum distillation, and steam generated from the carbonization or carbonization gas (hereinafter referred to as "carbonization gas") is introduced into water to form water to be subjected to biological treatment.
A method of drying and carbonizing organic waste, wherein the treated water is circulated and used as a first fluid (ejection fluid) of an ejector to introduce a carbonized gas into water together with the reduced pressure of the reduced pressure carbonization,
The scum (oil-based substance) is separated from the water containing the carbonized gas and the like, and the scum is solid-liquid separated and recovered as an oil fuel, and the insoluble gas (non-condensed) of the carbonized gas and the like introduced into the water is separated. (Reactive gas) is recovered as a gaseous fuel.
[0010]
Combustible gas and oil components generated by carbonization can be recovered as fuels (useful substances), respectively, and contribute to zero emission as much as possible. If a fuel is used as a carbonization heat source, a closed system can be realized.
[0011]
In the above configuration, cyclone dust collection is performed during the introduction of the dry distillation gas into the water, and the liquid solids generated in the cyclone dust are separated into solids and liquids. In addition, it is preferable that the liquid material generated is separated as necessary and collected as a useful material. Thus, the contribution to zero emission increases.
[0012]
In the above configuration, it is possible to store the overflow water and the drain water in the water to be treated and separate (decant) the precipitate, if necessary, to perform solid-liquid separation, dry treatment, and collect as a salt-containing substance. desirable. Further, the contribution to zero emission is increased.
[0013]
In each of the above configurations, it is desirable to use all or a part of the oil fuel and the gas fuel as the fuel for the vacuum distillation and further the drying treatment. This is for contributing to the closed system.
[0014]
In the above, when the organic waste is a waste tire, the effect becomes more remarkable. Waste tires are generated in large quantities, and their incineration disposal is regarded as impossible due to the generation of offensive odors, and the dry distillate can be reused as carbon black of the same rubber compound, and the non-condensable (water) Hydrogen and the like are contained in a large amount in the (insoluble) dry distillation gas, and can be recovered as valuable valuable substances.
[0015]
The dry carbonization plant used in the organic waste dry carbonization method of each of the above configurations has the following configuration.
[0016]
Comprising a carbonization device and a biological treatment device for biologically treating the water to be treated,
The carbonization apparatus has a configuration in which a carbonization chamber is provided with a paddle-type stirrer having a rotary shaft in the axial direction of carbonization gas or the like in water, and an indirect heating means for heating the carbonization chamber. ,
The biological treatment apparatus includes a water tank, biological treatment means, and an ejector, and a first fluid (ejection fluid) inlet of the ejector is connected to a circulation pipe for ejector from the water tank. A second fluid (suction fluid) inflow port is connected to a discharge pipe such as a carbonization gas from the carbonization apparatus, and further includes a scum recovery unit and a combustible gas recovery unit,
Further, a centrifugal separator for centrifuging scum from the scum collecting means and converting the scum into oil fuel is provided.
[0017]
In the above configuration, the horizontal cylinder (carbonization chamber) in the carbonization apparatus may be arranged in a plurality of stages so that the workpiece can be transferred from the upper carbonization chamber to the lower carbonization chamber. In the case of the constituent year, even if the organic waste has a high water content, water can be skipped on the upper side and carbonization can be performed on the lower side, so that carbonization can be continuously performed.
[0018]
In the above configuration, it is desirable that the cyclone is disposed in the middle of the discharge pipe for the carbonization gas and the like, and that the collected particles of the cyclone can be transferred to the centrifugal separator. By collecting the cyclone, the flow of the inorganic solid which is difficult to biologically process into the biological processing means is reduced, which contributes to the improvement of the biological processing efficiency.
[0019]
In addition, it is desirable that a cooling and transferring device provided with stirring and transferring means on the inside and a cooling means be connected to the carbide discharge port side of the carbonization device. It becomes easy to make the carbonization treatment continuous.
[0020]
The biological treatment apparatus further includes a cooling water tower that circulates and cools the water in the water tank, and further includes a pH adjusting liquid supply unit in the middle of the cooling water tower circulation pipe. Biological processing conditions can be optimized, which contributes to improvement of biological processing efficiency.
[0021]
The present invention will be described more schematically. The oil component in the sucked gaseous matter is collected by a floating oil scraper installed in a circulation treatment tank, and a gas holder is hermetically sealed at the top of the tank. To collect the carbonized gas, reuse the derived oil and gas, purify the water in the circulation treatment tank by biological treatment means, and circulate it in the heat exchanger and cooling tower. Water is cooled, and acid and alkali cleaning equipment is provided.Blow water and overflow water in the circulation treatment tank are subjected to non-polluting treatment by a waste liquid evaporator, and a closed system is used for dry carbonization of organic waste. A way to say.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0023]
In the dry carbonization apparatus (dry distillation apparatus) of the present invention, a dry carbonization chamber 2 is installed in a dry carbonization apparatus 1 having a jacket structure in which the inside or outside is thermally insulated, and the inside of the dry carbonization chamber 2 is freely rotatable. A paddle-type stirrer 3 is provided with a heat-resistant bearing 4. The bearing 4 has a structure that is isolated from outside air via a packing. A hot air 17 generated by a burner 6 or a hot air generator passes through a jacket portion 7 formed by the dry carbonizing chamber 2 and the outer wall of the apparatus at a lower portion of the dry carbonizing chamber 2 and indirectly heats an object 8 to be treated inside. As shown in FIG. 3, a hot air passage baffle 9 for preventing a short path is provided in the passage of the jacket portion 7, and the hot air 17 is exhausted from the exhaust pipe 10 around the outer periphery of the dry carbonization chamber 2. . Here, the indirect heating means is not limited to the above, and resistance heating, induction heating, and dielectric heating can also be used, and can be used alone or in combination as appropriate.
[0024]
The material to be treated (organic waste) 8 is charged from the charging hopper 12 through the screw feeder 13 through the rotary valve 14 into the dry carbonization chamber 2, and is stirred by the stirring paddle 3 and the stirring motor 16. Here, the reason why the rotary valve 14 is used is to shut off the dry carbonization chamber 2 from the outside air and to prevent the inflow of the outside air and the leakage of the carbonization gas as much as possible. At this time, in order to shut off the outside air of the dry carbonization chamber 2, a double damper or a double structure of two upper and lower double valves may be used instead of the rotary valve. In this manner, both the batch-type operation and the continuous operation are possible.
[0025]
When the carbonization chamber 2 is heated by the hot air 17, moisture and gas generated due to carbonization of the material to be treated (organic waste) 8 are supplied to the biological treatment tank (circulation treatment tank) 19 from the gas through the carbonization chamber gas outlet 18. The air is ejected through an ejector (vacuum suction machine) 20.
[0026]
The carbonization chamber outlet 18 and the vacuum suction device 20 are connected by a connection pipe (suction pipe) 21, and a cyclone (centrifugal dust collector) 22 is provided in the middle of the connection pipe, though it is not indispensable.
[0027]
The carbonized product gas treatment apparatus has a biological treatment tank (circulation treatment tank) 19 provided with a countercurrent contact bed (biological treatment means) 26 and a water level having a water level adjusting pipe 23 for keeping the water level constant. The biological treatment tank 19 sucks water from the bottom of the water level adjusting unit 24, passes through an ejector circulation pipe 28 having a circulation pump 25, and receives an ejector (water level adjustment unit) 24. A treatment water circulation mechanism for returning the biological treatment tank (main body) 19 to the treatment tank 19 via a vacuum suction machine 20 is provided.
[0028]
The ejector (vacuum suction machine) 20 suctions the water and gas from the processing object 8 in vacuum by injecting into the liquid in the biological treatment tank 19 by the power of the circulation pump 25 to vacuum the inside of the dry carbonization chamber 2. Is reduced in pressure.
[0029]
As described above, the biological treatment tank (countercurrent contact bed) 26 is provided inside the biological treatment tank (circulation treatment tank) 19, and the biological treatment tank 19 includes a circulation pump 25. The water sucked from the suction port 27 of FIG. 1 passes through the circulation pipe 28, returns to the biological treatment tank 19 via the vacuum suction machine 20, and returns to the water level adjusting tank 24 from the water level adjusting pipe 23. By raising and lowering the water level control pipe 23, the water level of the biological treatment tank 19 can be maintained at a set constant water level.
[0030]
When water is injected into the ejector 20 by the circulation pump 25, the inside of the dry carbonization chamber 2 becomes negative pressure (vacuum state), and moisture and gas pass through the suction pipe (connection pipe) 21 and pass through the biological treatment tank 19. It is jetted under water.
[0031]
The pressure in the dry carbonization chamber 2 is reduced, and evaporation occurs even at a low temperature, and the dry carbonization of the treatment object 8 proceeds in a short time at a low temperature.
[0032]
The generated steam and the carbonization gas (referred to as carbonization gas or the like) sucked by the ejector 20 are condensed by being placed below the surface of the biological treatment tank 19, and the organic matter contained in the carbonized water vapor is converted into a countercurrent contact bed 26. It is contacted and purified.
[0033]
The oil contained in the gas is liquefied in the water of the biological treatment tank 19 and floats on the biological treatment tank 19 as scum (oil).
[0034]
The floating oil is scraped by a scraping bar of a floating oil scraper (scum collecting means) 29, and is discharged to an oil receiving tank 31 through a tube tube 30 capable of shutting off outside air (not shown). However, a drum type oil scraper may be used.) The water level of the biological treatment tank 19 can be adjusted to a level at which only the oil is raked by adjusting (adjusting) the water level adjusting tube 23.
[0035]
The non-condensable gas in the gas is collected by a gas holder 32 installed in a closed manner on the biological treatment tank 19.
[0036]
The gas collected by the gas holder 32 is stored in a gas tank 34 by a blower, a vacuum pump, a blower 33 or the like, and can be reused as a fuel for the burner 6 for generating hot air through a fuel pipe 49.
[0037]
Since the heat of the steam or gas from the dry carbonization chamber 2 is transferred to the biological treatment tank 19, the water temperature of the biological treatment tank 19 rises. In order to suppress the rise in water temperature, it is desirable to install the cooling tower 35 and the heat exchanger 36 while circulating the water in the biological treatment tank 19 through the cooling circulation pipe.
[0038]
Between both ends of the heat exchange pipe 36a of the heat exchanger 36 and the cooling tower 35, cooling water (cooling medium) can be circulated through a circulation pipe 43 provided with a cooling tower circulation pump 37. The cooling tower 35 includes a fresh water supply pipe 38 for supplying water reduced by evaporation.
[0039]
Water to be cooled (liquid to be cooled) to the body 36b of the heat exchanger 36 is sucked from the suction port 39 of the water level adjusting tank 24, and is passed through the heat exchanger 36 by the heat exchanger circulation pump 40 to the shower pipe 41. Then, it is showered and circulated to the cooling tower filler 42.
[0040]
At this time, if the waste contains garbage or salt mixed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or the like, hydrogen chloride is generated in the dry carbonization chamber (carbonization furnace) 2 and is absorbed by water to form hydrochloric acid. For this reason, in this embodiment, in order to perform alkali cleaning, an alkali tank (usually a caustic soda tank) 47 and an alkali supply pump 45 provided with an alkali supply pump 45 are provided in the middle of the cooling circulation pipe 44 of the heat exchanger 36. The supply pipe 46 is connected. That is, it is injected through the alkali supply pipe 46 in the cooling liquid circulation pipe 44, showered by the shower pipe 41 and neutralized. At this time, the pH in the biological treatment tank 19 is detected by a pH sensor (pH detector) 48, and the detection signal is input to the alkali supply pump 45, so that the alkali supply amount can be adjusted.
[0041]
Conversely, when nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and amines flow in, similarly, an acid such as sulfuric acid may be supplied in the middle of the cooling pipe 44 to neutralize the same.
[0042]
In the case of treating waste having extremely high moisture content or highly concentrated waste liquid, the overflow water 51 flowing out of the overflow pipe 50 provided in the water level adjusting tank 24 and the drainage when the salt concentration in the biological treatment tank 19 is increased. (Blow) water is sent to and stored in the waste liquid storage tank 53 (see FIG. 1- (B)). As shown in FIG. 1B, the stored material is guided to a drying device 67 via a transfer pipe 66 provided with a transfer pump 65, and carbonized.
[0043]
The sludge collected by the cyclone 22 is guided to a sludge receiving tank 55 by a valve 54 and sent to a centrifuge 58 by a sludge transfer pump 56 via a transfer pipe 57. The oil in the oil receiving tank 31 is sent to a centrifugal separator (three-phase separation type) 58 via a pipe 60 by a transfer pump 59.
[0044]
The oil-containing sludge sent to the centrifugal separator 58 is separated into three phases and separated into a waste liquid 91, a sludge 92, and an oil component 61, the waste liquid 91 is stored in a waste liquid storage tank 53, and the sludge 92 is a centrifuge sludge receiving tank. The oil component 61 is stored in an oil tank 64 by an oil pump 63.
[0045]
The waste liquid stored in the waste liquid storage tank 53 is supplied to the inlet 68 of the waste liquid evaporative sludge drying device 67 via the pipe 66 by the waste liquid transfer pump 65 for processing.
[0046]
The centrifuge sludge 69 is also charged from the charging port 68 and processed.
[0047]
A heater or a burner 6 for generating hot air 17 is installed below the drying device 67 that combines waste liquid evaporation and sludge drying shown in FIGS. Here, the surplus gas 34 generated from the waste and / or the oil stored in the oil tank 64 discharged from the waste may be used as the burner fuel.
[0048]
When using oil (oil component), the oil is supplied to the burner 6 through an oil supply pipe 71 provided with an oil pump 70.
[0049]
The waste liquids 51, 52, 91 and the sludge 69 are stirred by the stirrer 3A and the stirring motor 16A, indirectly heated by the hot air 17, and water is evaporated.
[0050]
The evaporated water returns from the outlet 18a of the dry carbonization chamber 18 to the hot air generating furnace 73 through the vacuum suction device 20A via the pipe 72. By applying the wind pressure of the hot air generator 5 to the vacuum suction device 20A, steam is drawn in more, heat steam is generated, and the dryer is heated more. The exhaust heat / exhaust 11A is exhausted from the exhaust tube 10a.
[0051]
The dried product is obtained as salt and dried sludge and discharged from the outlet 74. The basic structure of the apparatus itself is almost the same as that of the dry carbonizing apparatus 1. In addition, organic waste containing a large amount of salt, for example, carbonized products such as soy sauce cake is washed and desalted in this carbonizing device 1 and dried with this device to obtain a very valuable carbonized material. Can be
[0052]
The carbonized product of the carbonizing device 1 is discharged from the outlet pipe 75 to the cooling discharge conveyor (cooling transfer device) 76 by the rotary valve 14A or the double valve. A stirring discharge blade 77 is installed in the discharge conveyor, and the main body has a jacket structure 78. The jacket has a water-cooled or air-cooled inlet pipe 79 and an outlet pipe 80, and cools the carbonized product put in the inside. Things.
[0053]
The cooled processed product is discharged to the processed product container 81 by the rotation of the stirring discharge blade 77.
[0054]
As shown in FIG. 2, carbonization of a seasoning waste liquid or waste liquid having a large amount of water such as manure (processed material) is stored in a waste liquid storage tank 53 </ b> A, and a plurality of dry carbonization chambers 2 are stacked as shown in FIG. 2. If water is removed in the upper stage and carbonization is performed in the lower stage, continuous carbonization can be performed even with waste liquid.
[0055]
The waste liquid sucked from the waste liquid storage tank 53A is supplied from the inlet 84 of the upper carbonization chamber 1A of the dry carbonization apparatus 1 by the waste liquid transfer pump 82 and the pipe 83, is stirred by the stirrer 3, and is indirectly heated by the burner 6. Upon receiving heat, evaporation occurs, and the gas is sucked from the gas outlet 18a to the ejector (vacuum suction machine) 20 of the biological treatment tank 19.
[0056]
The target object 8A from which the water content has flown out is pushed out by the discharge function of the stirrer 3 in the upper carbonization chamber 1A, is guided to the lower carbonization chamber 1B by the connecting pipe 85, and the carbonization proceeds in the lower row. (Vacuum suction machine) The liquid is sucked into 20 and beaten into the biological treatment tank 19.
[0057]
The carbonized product is discharged from the outlet pipe 75 to the processed product container 81 via the cooling discharge conveyor 76.
[0058]
The rotation speed of the stirrer 3 in the dry carbonization chamber 2 may be about 1 to 15 rpm (average peripheral speed of 3 to 45 m / min), and therefore a low power and high torque motor may be used.
[0059]
Although the cooling tower 35 may be a commercially available one, it is desirable to use the cooling tower 35 and the cooling tower filler 42 of Patent No. 1931319 previously proposed by the present inventor because of good cooling efficiency.
[0060]
As the countercurrent contact bed 26 of the biological treatment tank 19, it is desirable to apply the countercurrent contact bed 26 described in Japanese Patent No. 1908323/1797590 previously proposed by the present inventors.
[0061]
The material of the dry carbonizing device 1 is preferably heat-resistant stainless steel, and the heat insulating material of the device may be a fire-resistant brick or a fire-resistant caster. However, since the weight increases, ceramic fiber refractory, calcium silicate heat insulating material, and rock wool heat insulating material are used. It is applied because the material is light and easy to construct.
[0062]
The pressure reduction by the ejector (vacuum suction device) 20 is achieved by using a high-lift pump (20 to 40 mH) for selection of the circulation pump 25 to achieve a gauge pressure of −80 to −90 kPa (−600 to −700 mmHg) and a boiling point of 60 ° C. to 40 ° C., and the evaporative drying step is shortened.
[0063]
If a check valve 86 is provided in the middle of the pipe 21, even if the circulation pump stops, backflow of water and mixing of air can be prevented. If a safety valve 87 is also provided, an explosion can be prevented.
[0064]
The fuel for the burner for generating the hot air 17 may be kerosene, heavy oil, city gas, LPG, or the like, and may use the decomposed gas 34 and oil 61 generated from waste as fuel.
[0065]
The effect of the method for drying and carbonizing organic waste of the present invention is remarkable when applied to waste vulcanized rubber, particularly to waste tire. This is because a large amount of waste tires are generated, and incineration is difficult because of bad odor. Furthermore, when the waste tire is dried and carbonized by the method of the present invention, the device of the present invention has a stirrer, so that the carbide and the steel are completely separated by rotation, and high-quality carbon without any solidification of smooth is produced at a low temperature. Which can be carbonized and can be sufficiently reused for tires.₂Gas can also be obtained, resulting in a wide variety of applications.
[0066]
FIG. 5 shows a system diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 (A) when the method for carbonizing organic waste of the present invention is applied to a waste tire.
[0067]
Here, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, only different parts will be described. In addition, a tire tube also includes a tire tube.
[0068]
The part different from FIG. 1 (A) is a size (for example, 10 to 30 cm) in which the waste tire 8A, which is an object to be treated, can be introduced into the coarse crusher 12A and introduced into the carbonization chamber 2 of the dry carbonization apparatus 1. It is crushed and put into the carbonization chamber 2 via the screw feeder 13 and the double valve 15. If a low-speed shearing crusher is selected as the coarse crusher 12A, even large tires such as trucks and buses can be crushed as they are, and only a small amount of power is required.
[0069]
In addition, when the discarded tire 8A piled in the field is treated, water accumulates inside the tire and it is difficult to get water. In such a case, a plurality of carbonization chambers as shown in FIG. It is desirable to use one having a step (two steps in the illustrated example). Moisture evaporation (drying) is performed in the upper carbonization chamber 2A, and carbonization is smoothly performed in the lower carbonization chamber 2B.
[0070]
Then, the introduced crushed waste tires can carbonize the organic components such as vulcanized rubber and carcass in the carbonization chamber 2 and separate and collect the reinforcing wire (steel) by rotating the paddle-type stirrer.
[0071]
Then, the non-condensable gas of the carbonized gas generated by the carbonization treatment is collected by the gas holder 32 and stored in the gas tank 34 in the same manner as described above, and is separated into the fuel gas 94 and the hydrogen gas 95 by the gas purification tower 93. The fuel gas 94 and the hydrogen gas 95 can be used as fuel for dry distillation or drying, as described above, or the hydrogen gas can be used for a fuel cell or the like. When used as a fuel cell, it can also be used as operating electricity for a motor or the like of the present system.
[0072]
[Action and Effect of the Invention]
The present invention provides a carbonization method and a carbonization apparatus for organic wastes, which can efficiently perform drying / distillation treatment with a single apparatus. Not only carbonized products, but also oil and pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization step. Is also a device that can be used effectively.
[0073]
When carbonizing organic waste by dry distillation, the dry distillation is performed while forcibly reducing the pressure, and the organic waste having a high water content (high liquid content) is contained by the forced decompression in combination with the heating for the dry distillation. However, efficient drying is possible, and the drying / distilling step (treatment) can be continuously performed in the same container. Therefore, even if the organic waste has a high water content, there is no need to provide a separate drying device.
[0074]
In addition, after the organic waste is dried, the dry distillation (pyrolysis / carbonization) of the organic matter starts, but after drying while forcibly reducing the pressure, the process is continuously shifted to dry distillation, so that the organic waste is discharged in an atmosphere with a much smaller oxygen content. This makes it possible to carbonize the material, thereby obtaining a high-quality carbide with less generation of ash (mainly oxides generated by combustion). Furthermore, since the odor components are carbonized while the odor components are also exhausted by the forced decompression, it is easy to obtain odorless porous carbides, and in the case of a normal carbonization device, in order to obtain good quality carbides, the carbides are vaporized using steam or carbon dioxide. Although activation (temperature conditions of 800 to 1000 ° C.) for high-temperature heat treatment must be performed, in the case of the apparatus of the present invention, in order to reduce the pressure, the moisture held by the organic waste is pulled out from the waste by vacuum. The activated state is always obtained, and a carbide having good pores can be obtained even at a low temperature (250 to 350 ° C.).
[0075]
A vacuum pump, a blower, or a compressor may be used as a decompression means for forced decompression. However, unlike an evacuation pump (vacuum pump, blower, compressor, etc.) by using an ejector, the structure is not provided with a mechanical contact portion. It is simple, can be introduced into the decompression means at high temperature without cooling, and is introduced into the water while being in contact with the first fluid (water) of the ejector. The oil and water are condensed, and the oil is collected by a floating scraper.
[0076]
Water having condensed organic components can be recycled by being subjected to biological treatment (microbial purification treatment) by a countercurrent contact bed. The BOD concentration of condensed water discharged from ordinary garbage is 200 to 500 mg / L, which is a value that can be sufficiently purified.
[0077]
The non-condensable gas is stored in a gas holder, and as a combustible gas, as a chemical raw material, H₂The gas can be used for fuel cells.
[0078]
The scraped oil is separated into water, sludge and oil by the centrifugal separator 58, and the oil can be reused as tar pitch or asphalt and used as fuel.
[0079]
In the experiment, when treating general urban waste
Experiment at the maximum pyrolysis temperature of 350 ° C
{Circle around (1)} Oil content 40% by mass Heat value about 5000kcal / kg
(2) Gas 30% by mass Heat value about 2000kcal / kg
Gas composition (mol%)
H₂: 12%, CO: 37%, CO₂: 37%, CH₄: 6%, C₂H₄: 3%
(3) Carbide 20% by mass Heat value about 4500kcal / kg
4) Water content 10% by mass
For waste tire processing
Experiment at the highest temperature of pyrolysis 300 ℃
(1) Oil content 53% by mass Heat value about 10500kcal / kg
(2) Carbide 34% by mass Calorific value about 7500 kcal / kg
(Carbon black)
(3) Gas 6% by mass Heat value about 10,000 kcal / Nm³
Gas composition (mol%)
H₂: 40-50%, CO: 20-30%, CO₂: 10 to 15%, CH₄: 5-8%
4) Scrap iron 5%
▲ 5 ▼ Water 1.5%
(6) 0.5% of carbon sludge was obtained.
[0080]
Separation of the overflow water 51 of the water level adjusting tank 39 flowing into the waste liquid storage tank 53, the blow water 52 of the biological treatment tank (the amount of blow water varies depending on the object to be treated, but about 10% per day), and the centrifugal separator 58. If the treatment liquid of the water 91 and the waste liquid are treated by the evaporative sludge drying apparatus 67, only the dried salt and the dried sludge 89 are to be discarded, and the amount of the raw material organic waste becomes several hundred to several thousandths.
[0081]
The device of the present invention can be used as an organic waste, which is a bulky and non-uniform material having a property such as a charcoal as a fuel, a soil improvement material, a humidity control material, a filtering material, a snow melting material, a compost material, and a gas. Oil and oil can be converted into fuels and industrial raw materials, which has a great advantage in suppressing the generation and volatilization of environmental pollution.
[0082]
The device is durable, easy to operate, requires no driving technicians, has no danger, is safe, is compact, does not cause cross-contamination, and is inexpensive.
[0083]
Also, when the organic waste is vulcanized rubber waste, in particular, waste tire, the following remarkable effects are exhibited.
[0084]
As described above, the carbide of the waste tire is obtained in an activated state, and can be reused as a carbon black for a rubber compound, particularly for a similar rubber tire. And even if a considerable amount is replaced with virgin carbon black, it is expected that the compatibility with the rubber is good and the physical properties of the vulcanized rubber hardly decrease.
[0085]
Also, the oil generated and collected by dry distillation of waste tires is subjected to vacuum distillation again to separate it into low-boiling oil and high-boiling oil, so that low-boiling oil is used as fuel and high-boiling oil is mixed with rubber. Since it has good affinity for rubber as a process oil for goods, it can be reused.
[0086]
Further, in the case of a waste tire, the gas composition is hydrogen-rich, and if gas purification is performed, it can be used as hydrogen for a fuel cell, and the value of the waste tire when it is made into a useful material is further increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 (A) and 1 (B) are system diagrams showing one example of a method for dry carbonizing organic waste according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of a dry carbonization device used in the dry carbonization treatment system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view showing one example of a sludge drying apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a system diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 (A) when the method for carbonizing organic waste of the present invention is applied to a waste tire.
[Explanation of symbols]
11A: Dry carbonization equipment
2, 2A, 2B ... dry carbonization room
19. Biological treatment tank
20 ... Ejector (vacuum suction machine)
22 ... cyclone
29 ... oil scraper (scum collecting means)
36 ... Heat exchanger
41 ... shower pipe (cold water tower)
42 ... Cooling medium filler (cold water tower)
45 ... pH adjustment liquid supply pump (pH adjustment liquid supply means)
46 ... pH adjustment liquid supply pipe (pH adjustment liquid supply pipe)
51 ... overflow water (overflow water)
53, 53A ... waste liquid storage tank
58 ... Centrifuge (three-phase separation type)
61 ... oil
67 ... Drying equipment (for waste liquid evaporation and sludge drying)
89… Reuse of gas
90 ... Reuse of oil
91 ... waste liquid
92 ... Sludge

Claims (11)

The organic waste is carbonized by vacuum distillation, and steam generated from the carbonization or carbonization gas (hereinafter referred to as "carbonization gas") is introduced into water to form water to be subjected to biological treatment.
A method for drying and carbonizing organic waste, wherein the treated water is circulated and used as a first fluid (ejection fluid) of an ejector, and the pressure of the vacuum distillation is reduced and the carbonized gas is introduced into water,
The scum (oil-based material) is separated from the water to be treated, and the scum is separated into solid and liquid to be recovered as an oil fuel. In addition, non-dissolved gas (non-condensable gas) such as dry distillation gas introduced into the water is used. ) As a gaseous fuel. Cyclone dust collection is performed during the introduction of the carbonized gas into water, and the liquid-containing solids generated in the cyclone dust collection are solid-liquid separated, and the waste solids generated are dried to obtain secondary carbides. 2. The method for drying and carbonizing organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the generated liquid is separated as a liquid if necessary and collected as a useful substance. The overflowed water and drain water in the water to be treated are stored, and the separated (decanted) precipitate is, if necessary, separated into solid and liquid, dried, and recovered as a salt-containing substance. Item 4. The method for drying and carbonizing organic waste according to Item 1. The dry carbonization of the organic waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein all or a part of the oil fuel and the gas fuel is used as the fuel for the vacuum distillation and further the drying treatment. Method. The method according to claim 4, wherein the organic waste is waste vulcanized rubber. The method according to claim 5, wherein the waste vulcanized rubber is a waste tire. A dry carbonization plant used in the method for dry carbonizing organic waste according to claim 1,
Comprising a carbonization device and a biological treatment device for biologically treating the water to be treated,
The carbonization apparatus comprises a horizontal cylinder (carbonization chamber) provided with a paddle-type stirrer having a rotation axis in the axial direction of the carbonization gas or the like in water, and indirect heating means for the carbonization chamber.
The biological treatment apparatus includes a water tank, biological treatment means, and an ejector, and a first fluid (ejection fluid) inlet of the ejector is connected to a circulation pipe for ejector from the water tank. A second fluid (suction fluid) inflow port is connected to a discharge pipe such as a carbonization gas from the carbonization apparatus, and further includes a scum recovery unit and a combustible gas recovery unit,
The dry carbonization plant further comprises a centrifugal separator for centrifuging the scum from the scum recovery means to convert the scum into oil fuel. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the horizontal cylinder (carbonization chamber) in the carbonization apparatus is arranged in a plurality of stages, and the workpiece can be transferred from the upper carbonization chamber to the lower carbonization chamber. Dry carbonization plant as described. 9. The dry carbonization plant according to claim 7, wherein a cyclone is disposed in the middle of the discharge pipe for the dry distillation gas and the like, and the collected particles of the cyclone can be transferred to the centrifugal separator. 10. . 9. The dry carbonization plant according to claim 7, wherein a cooling transfer device including a stirring transfer device inside and a cooling device is connected to the carbide discharge port side of the carbonization device. 10. 8. The biological treatment apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a cooling water tower for circulating and cooling the water in the water tank, and further comprising a pH adjusting liquid supply means in the middle of the cooling water tower circulation pipe. Or a dry carbonization plant according to 8.

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