JP2004136262A - House-type fermenting system for organic material - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a house-type fermenting system for organic materials of low running and initial costs that can process a large amount of organic waste in a short time to produce a fertilizer or feed, giving a careful consideration to the environment. <P>SOLUTION: The house (fermenter) body, which is separable into an upper section and a lower section, is composed of equipment that can optionally keep the integrated fermenter either under a reduced pressure (a vacuum pump A 29, a vacuum pump B 29a, a vacuum pump C 29b) or under the atmospheric pressure (an air inlet 9, a blower 31) and equipped with heating devices (a heater 14, a heating 34), sterilizing devices (an ultraviolet radiation device 13, an ozonizer 27), a self-propelled agitator 12 and a self-propelled slurry sprayer. In addition, the fermenter is equipped with a cooling tower 33 as well as the ozonizer 27 in an attempt to discharge no waste water or wastes out of the system. The house body is constructed so that organic wastes before processing and organic materials after processing can be efficiently exchanged when the lower section thereof is moved after the house body is separated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a system having a function of converting organic substances, particularly organic waste, into fertilizer and feed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there have been many proposals of plants (equipment) for fermenting organic waste and converting it into fertilizer and feed. However, it can be roughly divided into two types: solid fermentation and liquid fermentation. .
[0003]
Before describing the two treatment methods, they will be described in advance because there is a difference between the current state of organic waste and, in particular, in the case of livestock manure, the state and amount of manure discharged according to the breeding form.
[0004]
[Current status of organic waste]
First, typical organic wastes include livestock manure, food residues, and agricultural and fishery residues.
In particular, livestock manure is serious, and in November 1999, “proper management and proper treatment of livestock manure” was legislated and required. However, the amount is enormous, and about 100 million tons of organic waste is discharged nationwide every year, and about 8% of it is only processed into compost and returned to farmland, and more than 90% is left unfilled. Or digging and filling a hole, or hanging.
[0005]
In the case of household garbage, approximately 40 million households nationwide emit 1.5 kg of garbage daily per household, which amounts to 21.9 million tons per year. About one-fifth of the emission amount occurs.
[0006]
Agricultural residues are left in the fields under the name of non-standard products, production adjustments due to abundant crops, imports, etc., causing odor pollution and soil rot, and causing illegal dumping. In addition, organic waste discharged from agricultural processing plants, for example, starch lees, soybean lees, liquor lees, fruit selection residue, etc., are discharged in enormous amounts, most of which are left unused or landfilled without being effectively used. I have.
[0007]
Fishery residues are prohibited from being dumped in the ocean from FY 2001, and seafood that has been landed upon landing in port has been treated as organic waste, including seaweed, shellfish, starfish, and fish, all of which are not commercialized. More than 30% of the amount. There are about 5.3 million tons of landings every year in the whole country, so about 1.59 million tons are generated annually, and when combined with about 1 million tons discharged from fisheries processing plants, the number is about 2.6 million tons. In addition, the amount of organic waste discharged from public facilities, the food service industry, and markets is enormous.
[0008]
As mentioned above, organic waste has been increasing every year, mainly in livestock manure, but the amount is too large to be able to keep up with the treatment at present, and the fact is It causes various problems such as pollution problems such as water pollution and air pollution, illegal dumping problems, incinerators (dioxin problems), and financial problems caused by landfill construction.
[0009]
[Differences and amounts of manure status depending on livestock breeding]
There are significant differences in the amount and condition of manure depending on the type of livestock. At present, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry defines livestock as six types of animals (dairy cattle, beef cattle, pigs, hens, horses, and broilers), and the amount of excreta generated is about 70% for dairy cattle and about 20% for beef cattle. About 6% of pigs, about 2% of laying hens, about 1% of horses, and about 1% of broilers. In the future, breeding of horses will decrease slightly and breeding of dairy cattle will tend to increase slightly.
[0010]
The state of manure is closely related to the breeding form, especially the amount of litter, and whether to treat as a solid or liquid is determined by the breeding form. Pigs, laying hens, horses, and broilers have a small amount of excretion, although there is some variation depending on the region, and the litter is sufficient and the breeding form is relatively well established. % Can be handled as a solid (a type called solid).
[0011]
The biggest problem with livestock manure is cattle, which make up about 90% of the total manure production. Because beef cattle are expensive, they are often bred in a so-called free burn (several cows are divided into rooms and raised with concentrated feed), and the litter is made of a large amount of materials that easily absorb moisture, such as sawdust. Most of them are used and can be treated as solid type.
[0012]
Particularly problematic is the excretion of dairy cattle, which is equivalent to 50-60 adult humans per adult cattle, about 50 kg of dung (including litter) and 15 kg of urine. It is almost three times as much as that. The breeding system is divided into two types: stanchion style (common for milking cows), which is bred in a cowshed, and free stalls (common for dry cows), which are bred separately in several rooms. Because the price is lower than that of litter, the moisture content of manure discharged using wheat culm, rice culm, and pasture that is also cheaper is increased, and the moisture content of the stanchion style is about 87% (called semi-solid) Type), and the free stall style has a water content exceeding 90% (a type called slurry) and is treated as a liquid substance.
[0013]
In recent years, the free stall style of breeding, which does not cost milking cows, has been increasing in order to reduce the total cost. That is, the state of manure has been shifted from the semi-solid type (solid-liquid separation is required for fermentation) to the slurry type (liquid), and it is on an increasing trend, as described in [Current state of organic waste]. The nationwide annual emission of livestock manure is about 100 million tons, so dairy cows, which account for 70% of them, especially slurry-type treatment is a major problem.
[0014]
Conventionally, as described above, techniques for fermenting organic waste can be roughly divided into two types: solid fermentation and liquid fermentation.
[0015]
The first is fermentation of solid organic waste. Basically, the water content of the organic waste is adjusted to about 70%, and then the fermentation microorganisms contained in the organic waste are directly fermented. Perform processing. As a method of adjusting the water content ratio, it is common to squeeze the water with a dehydrator to perform solid-liquid separation, or to mix other organic substances (rice husk, sawdust, rice bran, etc.) as auxiliary materials.
[0016]
Naturally, the sub-materials to be mixed will change depending on whether fermentation is used to make compost or feed for livestock and fish. The reason for adjusting the water content to about 70% is that fermentation of solid organic matter is usually expected to be fermentation by aerobic microorganisms. Fermentation of organic substances by aerobic microorganisms (activity of microorganisms to decompose organic substances) is actively promoted when the water content becomes 70% or less and air is supplied.
[0017]
In addition, turning over (inverting organic matter) is necessary to supply air, and the degree of this turning greatly changes the fermentation time. If the fermentation is carried out frequently every day and the water content is reduced to 60% or less while evaporating water under well-ventilated conditions, a good quality organic fertilizer or organic feed can be obtained about 120 days before or after. In general, when the quantity is small, it is performed with a heavy machine such as a backhoe or a shovel when the quantity is small, and in a house type treatment facility with an automatic stirring device when the quantity is large.
[0018]
The second is the fermentation of liquid organic waste. The main target organic wastes are the dairy cattle breeding method described above, and the slurry type excreta discharged by the free stall style and the semi-solid type manure. It is urine from which manure is drained by a dehydrator or allowed to flow naturally and separated into solid and liquid.
[0019]
Slurry type manure exhibits a fertilizer effect similar to that of a chemical fertilizer because the fertilizer effect is high and its components are almost inorganic or easily decomposed, but the components are hardly damaged by fermentation.
[0020]
Normally, liquid manure is collected in a tank, aerated by aeration (sending air) into the tank, to promote fermentation by aerobic microorganisms, reduce odor, and use as liquid fertilizer. If proper heat retention and aeration are performed, the fermentation period is about 30 days.
[0021]
In addition, when excrement as liquid organic waste is put in a closed tank, fermentation by anaerobic microorganisms is performed for about 30 days, methane gas generated by fermentation is taken out for about 30 days, and energy is used effectively, and then used as liquid fertilizer. is there.
[0022]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Fertilization and feed conversion of the first solid organic waste by fermentation,
{Circle around (1)} In order to adjust the water content, there is a problem that auxiliary materials are required and the processing cost is increased.
(2) Due to the natural fermentation by switching, the fermentation state is affected by the outside air temperature and humidity. Particularly in a cold region where the outside air temperature decreases, there is a problem that the fermentation bacterium stops during the winter and the fermentation itself cannot be performed.
[0023]
(3) Due to the natural fermentation by turning back, if the turning back is not enough and the air supply is not enough or the adjustment of the water content is not enough (75% or more), etc., it is not fermentation by aerobic microorganisms but anaerobic microorganisms. Fertilizers and feeds that contain a large amount of spoilage bacteria. Naturally, it cannot be used as fertilizer or feed, and reverts to organic waste.
[0024]
▲ 4 ▼
2. Description of the Related Art As described in the prior art, the amount of organic waste is enormous. For example, the number of dairy farms in Hokkaido is about 11,000, and the number of dairy cows bred per household is 100 per farm. It is around the head. That is, if the amount of excreta discharged from one dairy cow per day is 65 kg, 100 tons will emit 500 kg of 6 tons, and in one year, 2,372 tons of 500 kg will be emitted from one farmhouse. It takes a long time (120 days for solids and 60 days for liquids) to ferment and process a huge amount of organic waste, which increases the scale of the facility to be treated, the area used, and increases initial costs. is there.
[0025]
(5) In order to reduce the water content of the organic waste by evaporating water into the atmosphere, reducing substances during fermentation such as ammonia, methane gas, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen sulfide are volatilized as gaseous substances, resulting in odor pollution ( It causes various problems such as ammonia) and global warming (mainly methane gas and nitrous oxide).
[0026]
(6) The fermentation conditions (organic matter constituents, aerobic microorganisms and anaerobic microorganisms) at the completion of the treatment, depending on the fermentation conditions (water content at the start of fermentation, ambient temperature, humidity, oxygen supply, etc.) for natural fermentation. Etc.) are not constant and uniform products cannot be produced even when the raw materials used are the same.
[0027]
The second liquid organic waste is made into fertilizer by fermentation treatment, but has various problems.
{Circle around (1)} The odor can be reduced by fermentation, but the odor is severe and difficult to handle, resulting in odor pollution after use.
[0028]
(2) Fermentation is expected to be effective because fermentation is hardly damaged by fermentation, but large quantities cannot be put into fields. This means that even if liquid fertilizer is made, there is no exit (market) and there is no marketability. Forcing the fertilizer into the fields will hinder the growth of plants.
[0029]
(3) Because it is in liquid form, it often penetrates underground and volatilizes in the atmosphere. Nitrogen contaminates water as nitrate nitrogen. Volatilized gas (ammonia, methane gas, nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) causes air pollution. Will be.
[0030]
{Circle around (4)} If the fermentation time is long (around 30 to 60 days), a large amount of manure is discharged every day as described above, so that there is a problem that the facility scale becomes large and the initial cost increases. In particular, a biogas plant that performs fermentation with anaerobic microorganisms and extracts methane gas to effectively use energy has a problem that initial costs are high and running costs are increased.
[0031]
The biogas plant described in (5) and (4) is important in the future from the viewpoint of effective use of energy. However, taking biogas power generation as an example, the reality is that Apart. Although there are various manufacturers that cannot be discussed in general terms, the power that can be obtained by investing 200 million yen in capital is 8 to 10 ordinary households. Conversely, how long will it take to consume 200 million yen in electricity for 8 to 10 ordinary households, and there is no value effect on a commercial basis at all. The liquid fertilizer is obtained after biogas (methane gas, carbon gas) is taken out and energy is effectively used. However, there is a problem of marketability and cost as described above. In view of the above, biogas plants should be constructed as a future research topic.
[0032]
(6) The biggest problem of liquid organic waste, manure, is that fermentation cannot be applied in a large amount because fermentation does not change even if fermentation is performed for an enormous amount of waste. It is difficult to handle due to the nature.
[0033]
{Circle around (7)} In view of the above, as far as liquid organic waste is concerned, there is a complete difference from treatment with solid organic waste. It is possible to reduce the odor, but there is no use other than the use of energy. In general, there is a problem in that it does not belong to the field of “treating”, and there is currently no method for treating slurry, which is liquid organic waste.
[0034]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem, and forcibly fermenting many organic substances at once in a closed system does not require a lot of time (days), a large facility scale, a large use area, and requires a large amount of space. Fermentation is not affected by external conditions such as temperature and humidity, and almost no odor or reducing substances are emitted outside the system. In addition, the inside of the house, which is the fermentation tank of the system, is depressurized, the boiling point inside is reduced, forced drying and cell phenomenon (internal destruction) are performed simultaneously, and physical destruction that changes the properties of organic substances is performed. (Rice husk, sawdust, rice bran, etc.) is not required, and issuance time can be shortened, which is economical.
[0035]
In addition, the present invention can be sterilized by a photochemical decomposition method irrespective of an organic substance or an inorganic substance. In particular, an organic substance can be fermented with either aerobic microorganisms or anaerobic microorganisms, and is commercially available. Useful microbial bacteria can also be used.
[0036]
Further, the gaseous substance, which is a reducing substance generated in the house (fermenter), becomes condensed water in the heat exchanger. For example, hydrogen sulfide decomposes into CO2 + 2H2S → CH2O + H2O + S2, methane decomposes into CO2 + CH4 → 2CH2O, and ammonia decomposes into 2CO2 + 2NH4 → 2CH2O + 2H2O + N2, most of which decomposes into water and carbon compounds.
[0037]
Further, the condensed water is reused as cooling circulating water for use in the heat exchanger, and only the excess is evaporated and vaporized from the cooling tower as steam. That is, since no wastewater or wastewater is discharged outside the system, water pollution and air pollution do not occur.
[0038]
In addition, the present invention can perform solid-liquid separation of organic waste, and can treat solid-liquid simultaneously or with a time lag. Solid organic waste is fermented into high-quality fertilizer and feed, and liquid organic waste is almost completely fermented. Can be eliminated, and its fertilizing effect can be left on solid organic waste and secondary materials.
[0039]
As described above, the present invention has a function of performing fermentation treatment on a large amount of organic waste in a short time regardless of whether it is solid or liquid, without causing water pollution and air pollution, and sterilizing regardless of inorganic substances and organic substances. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a system.
[0040]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[1] Means of this explanation taken to achieve the above object are as follows.
In the invention of claim 1, the house, which is the main body of the fermenter of the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system, is provided in the form of 10. 10. Upper part of the house (fermenter), and The lower part of the house (fermenter) was configured so that it could be separated.
[0041]
[2] 10. The upper part of the house (fermentation tank) has a double structure of pressure-resistant glass with good permeability to take in sunlight into the fermentation tank. Heat insulation layer space. Also, 10. The upper part of the house (fermenter), the support and 21. It is connected and fixed to the foundation together with the bearing wall.
[0042]
[3] 11. 18. The lower part of the house (fermenter) is composed of two integrated tanks. The lower part of the house (fermenter) is moved by a roller. Processing territory A, ~ ▲ 6 ▼. It can move between processing territories C. Also, {4}. When fermentation is performed in processing territory B, 18. By jack installed in the lower part of the house (fermenter). It is closely attached to the upper part of the house (fermenter). At this time, 10. 21. connected to the upper part of the house (fermenter) 22. The supporting wall has a movable inner wall. Close contact with the supporting wall jack. 10. 10. Upper part of the house (fermenter), and 23. All on the surface where the lower part of the house (fermenter) is in close contact Completely sealed fermentation tanks are provided with media.
[0043]
[4] 10. In the upper part of the house (fermenter), a plurality of vacuum pumps (29. vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C.) are provided. Dust proof (cyclone), and 25. 8. It is installed in parallel via a heat exchanger (condenser), and 9. 31. Opening and closing of the air intake valve The atmospheric pressure in the house (fermentation tank) can be arbitrarily set to a normal pressure state and a reduced pressure state by operating the blower in conjunction with it. Also, the vacuum pumps installed in parallel stop moving except for one when the pressure reduction rate in the house (fermenter) reaches the set value, but move sequentially when the temperature in the house (fermenter) rises. It is configured to maintain a constant decompressed state.
[0044]
[5] Also, 10. The upper part of the house (fermenter) is 13. 13. UV irradiation device, multiple units, 14. heater, multiple units, Self-propelled ozone sprayer, 16. 16. Self-propelled slurry sprayer, 11. Self-propelled fermentation bacteria spraying device, A self-propelled stirrer is provided.
[0045]
[6] Also, 11. The lower part of the house (fermenter), 21. The surface that contacts the bearing wall is 20. The lower part of the house (fermentation tank) is an open / close wall. Processing territory A, or <6>. When moving to the processing territory C, it can be arbitrarily opened and closed. Also, 11. 20. House lower part (fermenter) 34. On all surfaces except the lower part of the house (fermenter) Heating is provided.
[0046]
[7] In claim 2, claim 10. There is a beam at the top of the house (fermentation tank) and at the bottom of both sides. 11. A stirrer rail is installed, and the upper part is 12. The self-propelled stirrer is designed to move in both directions.
[0047]
[8] <4>. The organic waste treated in the treatment territory B is: The lower part of the house (fermentation tank), every ▲ 2 ▼. Processing territory A, or <6>. 19. Processing territory C. Moved by the lower part of the house (fermenter) rollers, 20. After opening the lower part of the house (fermenter), the shovel loader takes it out.
[0048]
[9] In the case of claim 3, claim 10. 13. Upper part of the house (fermenter), on both sides of the middle stage 13. UV irradiation device, and Heaters are provided alternately, and 27b. 14. Ozone feeding guide rails, arranged along the track Self-propelled ozone sprayer, 27. The ozone generated by the ozone generator is sprayed.
[0049]
[10] 11. In the lower part of the house (fermenter), 20. 34. On all surfaces except the lower part of the house (fermenter) 4. Heating is provided. 5. Electricity produced by solar cells. Through the battery, 34. Sent to heating. (At this time, it is the inverter that exchanges DC current for AC current.)
[0050]
[11] In the request of claim 4, 10. The upper part of the house (fermentation tank) has a double structure of pressure-resistant glass with good permeability to take in the heat of sunlight into the fermentation tank. Insulation layer space, which is 30. The vacuum pump D is connected, and an arbitrary pressure insulation layer can be formed.
[0051]
[12] In claim 5, claim {1}. Loading territory A, and (5). 1. In territory B, A solid-liquid separator, and the solid organic waste separated at this time is {2}. Processing territory A, or <6>. It is carried into the processing territory C by a shovel loader or the like, and {4}. The fermentation treatment is performed in the treatment territory B. The liquid organic waste separated at this time is: 2c. Provided below the solid-liquid separator. 3. through drain pipe It is stored in a liquid organic matter storage tank. The stored liquid organic waste is 10. 4a. In 16 self-propelled slurry disperser provided in the upper part of the house (fermenter). It is sent and sprayed through a liquid organic matter inlet pipe. At this time, the timing of spraying is (4). It is configured so that it can be arbitrarily set because it greatly affects the water content of the solid organic waste being treated in the treatment territory B.
[0052]
[13] In claim 6, claim 10. 10. Upper part of the house (fermenter), and The lower part of the house (fermenter) was configured so that it could be separated. 10. The upper part of the house (fermenter), the support and 21. It is connected and fixed to the foundation together with the bearing wall. 11. 20. The lower part of the house (fermenter) is composed of two integrated tanks. It has an opening / closing wall at the bottom of the house (fermenter). 11. In the lower part of the house lower part (fermenter), 18. 19. Jack installed at the bottom of the house (fermenter) The lower part of the house (fermentation tank) is equipped with a moving roller. The upper part of the house (fermenter) is installed. ▲ 4 ▼. It is configured so that it can be moved to and installed in the processing territory B.
[0053]
[14] 10. 12. In the upper part of the house (fermenter). 9. equipped with a self-propelled stirrer; 10. Upper part of the house (fermenter), and The lower part of the house (fermenter) is integrated, and {4}. When the fermentation treatment is performed in the treatment territory B, the stirring posture is set and automatic stirring is performed. Fermentation treatment in treatment territory B is completed {2}. Processing territory A, or <6>. 11. In processing territory C, If the lower part of the house (fermenter) moves, 12a. 10. Scoop jumped up. It is configured not to hinder the movement of the lower part of the house (fermenter).
[0054]
[15] In the request of claim 7, 10. 24. A plurality of vacuum pumps (29. Vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C) are provided at the top of the house (fermenter). Dustproof device (cyclone), 25. 31. Installed in parallel via a heat exchanger (condenser) Blower, directly 10. Installed in the upper part of the house (fermenter). A plurality of vacuum pumps (29. Vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C.) remove water vapor and gas (reducing substance) 25. 25. Condensed water in the heat exchanger (condenser), Collected in a condensate tank, 26a. 33. through condensate water pipe The cooling water is sent to the cooling tower where excess water evaporates, and the rest is 25. Used as cooling circulating water for heat exchangers (condensers).
[0055]
[16] At this time, 26. In the condensate tank, 27a. Through an ozone delivery tube, 27. Since ozone produced by the ozone generator is introduced and debasification is performed, cooling circulating water and 33. Water evaporating from the cooling tower is converted into harmless water (H2O) and carbon compound (C), and does not cause any problem. 31. The gas (reducing substance) and moisture extracted by the blower are also 25. Heat exchanger (condenser), and 26. 33. via a condensate tank, or directly As described above, no problem occurs because the cooling tower is sent to the cooling tower.
[0056]
[Action]
The house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention thus configured is capable of performing a fermentation treatment or an annihilation treatment of a large amount of organic waste (solid / liquid) charged in a house (fermenter) in a few hours. It does not require a large area or long time.
[0057]
In addition, the pressure in the house (fermentation tank) is reduced to lower the boiling point, and forced drying and forced fermentation are performed simultaneously. Therefore, the water in the processed material is vaporized with a small amount of energy, and organic waste is used to maximize the use of solar energy. It does not require auxiliary materials to lower the water content of the product, and is economical because the running cost is reduced. It is environmentally friendly because it does not emit any wastewater or wastewater from the organic matter treatment system.
[0058]
【Example】
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0059]
This house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system has the same structure as that described in the section of the means for solving the problems, and further includes the following items: Input hopper, 1a. Input conveyor, 2a. Compression jack, 2b. Extrusion jack, 3. Discharge hopper, 3a. Discharge conveyor, 7. Hydraulic unit, 8. Fermentation microorganism storage tank, 8a. Fermentation bacteria feed tube, 24a. Reducing substance suction pipe A, 24b. Reducing substance suction pipe B, 28. Water pump A, 32. Water pump B, B. Temperature measuring instrument, C.I. Humidity measuring device, (3). Unloading territory A, {7}. The unloading territory B is shown in FIG.
[0060]
First, [1] {1}. Loading territory A, or <5>. The organic waste carried into the carry-in territory B, as described in 2. Separation by solid-liquid separator, or directly <2>. Processing territory A, or {6}. 10. Exposed to processing territory C. Carry in the lower part of the house (fermenter) with a shovel loader.
[0061]
[2] At this time, when the solid-liquid separation is performed, the organic waste is added to 1. Into the charging hopper, 1a. 1. Conveyor, Send to solid-liquid separation processor. The incoming organic waste was 2a. It is crushed by a compression jack and separated into solid and liquid. 2. The bottom surface in the tank of the solid-liquid separator is a perforated plate, and the separated liquid is 2c. 3. through the water pipe. The liquid is stored in a liquid organic matter storage tank, and the solid is 2b. 2. By extrusion jack. Into the discharge hopper, 3a. (1) again at the discharge conveyor. Loading territory A, or <5>. 10. Returned to loading territory B, It is thrown into the lower part of the house (fermenter).
[0062]
[3] Input of organic waste is completed The lower part of the house (fermenter) is 20. 19. Close the lower part of the house (fermentation tank). At the bottom of the house (fermentation tank) moving roller, ▲ 4 ▼. Move to processing territory B, 18. 21. Jack installed at the bottom of the house (fermenter). 9. The support wall is activated. It is configured to form an integrated fermenter that is completely in close contact with the upper part of the house (fermenter).
[0063]
[4] 11. Since the lower part of the house (fermentation tank) is composed of two integrated fermentation tanks, (4). The fermenter located in processing territory B, is exposed in the opposite direction to the processing territory where the fermenter to be processed was located. Thus, the completed processed material of the exposed fermenter is carried out, and the organic waste is charged. Also, in [2], 4. The liquid organic matter stored in the liquid organic matter storage tank is 4a. 15. through the liquid organics inlet. The fertilizer is sprayed into the fermenter by a self-propelled slurry sprayer, and fermentation is performed together with the solid organic matter. At this time, most of the liquid organic matter disappears in volume.
[0064]
[5] 10. 10. Upper part of the house (fermenter), and The lower part of the house (fermentation tank) is a house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment tank that is sealed and integrated, but the upper part is 10. The upper part of the house (fermenter) has a double structure of pressure-resistant glass with good permeability to take in sunlight, and 10a. A heat-insulating layer space is provided, and a pressure-resistant layer is also formed together with heat insulation. This provides a significant greenhouse effect throughout the four seasons. The purpose of the double structure is to provide a heat-insulating layer and to form a relaxation layer (pressure-resistant layer) at atmospheric pressure so that the structure does not directly receive atmospheric pressure.
[0065]
[6] Although it is a closed house / organic matter fermentation treatment tank, other than the heating method by the greenhouse effect shown in [5], 14. Heater, and 34. A heating device for heating is provided.
[0066]
[7] 14. Heater, and 34. For heating, 5． The battery made of solar cells is 6. It is stored in a storage battery and is sent under the control of an inverter.
[0067]
[8] As described in [1] to [4], the organic waste (solid or liquid) put into the house (fermenter) is a greenhouse effect. Heater, 34. It will be heated by heating.
[0068]
[9] Thus, as described in [8], the organic waste (solid or liquid) is heated, but is simultaneously depressurized by the operation of the vacuum pump.
[0069]
[10] The organic waste (solid or liquid) in the house (fermenter) described in [3] is simultaneously subjected to the heating described in [8] and the reduced pressure described in [9], and fermentation by the fermenting microorganisms is promoted. You.
[0070]
[11] At this time, the boiling point in the house (fermenter) is lowered by the reduced pressure. As will be described later, if the boiling point is about 60 degrees, most of the heat in the house (fermenter) can be covered by the greenhouse effect. Heater, and 34. Heating is considered supplementary (winter, night).
[0071]
[12] 10. 24. In the upper part of the house (fermenter). Dust proof (cyclone), and 25. A plurality of vacuum pumps (29. Vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C.) are connected via a heat exchanger (condenser), and water is supplied from a house type / organic matter fermentation tank. And 25. 33. Change to condensed water with a heat exchanger (condenser). It is sent to a cooling tower and circulated as cooling circulation water used for evapotranspiration and heat exchange.
[0072]
[13] Using a vacuum pump to draw air, moisture, and gas from the house-type / organic fermentation tank to reduce the pressure is to lower the boiling point in the house-type / organic fermentation tank and reduce the evaporation point in the tank. The purpose is to explode the cross-section where fermenting microorganisms grow by changing the properties of organic substances by causing cell phenomena (internal destruction) in organic substances while performing forced drying while reducing the amount of thermal energy sooted. And Naturally, the inside of the tank is decompressed and becomes anaerobic, so that anaerobic microorganisms having strong fermentation power also explode.
[0073]
[14] Forced drying of [13], changes in the properties of organic substances (because they are destroyed from the inside, it becomes spongy and easily decomposed), and secures a breeding cross section of fermenting microorganisms associated with the changes in properties, anaerobic state Explosive growth of anaerobic microbes in the environment, these have a synergistic effect, and the fermentation treatment of organic waste, which conventionally took about 120 days by natural fermentation, can be treated in a few hours (2 hours to a maximum of 5 hours) .
[0074]
[15] In [12], the plurality of vacuum pumps (29. Vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C) are connected in parallel in the tank of the house type organic fermentation processing system. This is for maintaining a constant reduced pressure state. If the vacuum pump with the same ultimate pressure performance is used to depressurize a closed tank or container with nothing, the difference in time until the ultimate pressure is reached will occur depending on the size of the vacuum pump, but once, If the ultimate pressure is reached, maintaining it is the same regardless of the size of the vacuum pump, and naturally there is no relationship such as the number of vacuum pumps.
[0075]
[16] However, since the present invention is not a closed tank having nothing but a system for fermenting organic matter as described in [1] to [4], a fermenter having airtightness is naturally used. Organic matter is put inside.
[0076]
[17] The inside of the fermenter is a single vacuum pump. As soon as the pressure is reduced, the set pressure is reached and the boiling point is lowered. However, when the evaporation of water from the organic matter starts, fermentation is promoted by the activity of the fermenting microorganisms, and a reducing substance, which is a gaseous substance, is generated, the temperature in the fermenter starts rising ignoring the boiling point. At this time, the pressure gauge of the vacuum pump indicates the set ultimate pressure.
[0077]
[18] This indicates that even if the pressure gauge indicates the ultimate pressure, the inside of the fermenter does not maintain a constant reduced pressure. This is because the boiling point in the fermenter is lowered by the reduced pressure, and the temperature does not rise above the boiling point if a constant reduced pressure state is maintained. For the same reason, no matter how much water is heated at atmospheric pressure, it does not rise to a temperature of 100 degrees or more.
[0078]
In [19], the reason why the pressure gauge in the vacuum pump indicates the set ultimate pressure and the temperature in the fermenter rises despite the fact that the boiling point in the fermenter has fallen is that the set ultimate pressure is maintained. Because there is no.
[0079]
[20] This is because the amount of dissolved water, dissolved air, and the gaseous substance that is a reducing substance exceeds the intake / exhaust capacity (time required to reach the ultimate pressure) of the vacuum pump is discharged from the organic matter.
[0080]
[21] If the temperature rise in the fermenter is overlooked by ignoring the pressure gauge of the vacuum pump or ignored, the organic waste can be dried over time, but cannot be fermented. As described in [13] and [14].
[0081]
[22] In the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention, reducing the pressure to the set ultimate pressure and keeping it at the set ultimate pressure is a lifeline and more important than anything.
[0082]
[23] In the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention, in order to keep the decompressed state in the fermenter constant, the temperature in the fermenter is controlled and linked with the operation of the vacuum pump. That is, when the pressure reduction is started, all the vacuum pumps are operated to reach the set pressure reduction state. However, when the set pressure reduction state is reached, 29. Only the vacuum pump A is operated to maintain the set reduced pressure state, and 29a. Vacuum pump B, and 29b. The vacuum pump C stops. At this time, 29a. Vacuum pump B, and 29b. Vacuum pump C, regardless of the pressure gauge of the vacuum pump, B.I. Set to move in conjunction with the temperature measuring device. When the temperature starts to rise above the boiling point temperature in the fermenter which should have been set by the reduced pressure state, 29a. The vacuum pump B starts moving and maintains the set reduced pressure state. Naturally, when the temperature starts to rise again, the last 29b. The operation of the vacuum pump C is started, so that the set vacuum state is maintained.
[0083]
[24] That is, the required number of vacuum pumps that can be operated in conjunction with the temperature of the fermenter is proportional to the quality and quantity of the organic waste to be treated. Conversely, the required number of vacuum pumps can be operated. This means that the fermentation tank can be expanded and the amount of organic waste to be treated can be increased.
[0084]
[25] In the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention, all are vacuum pumps of the ultimate pressure of -740 mmHg (absolute pressure 20 mmHg), and the pressure in the fermenter is set to be -600 mmHg or more. The boiling point at -600 mmHg is about 60 degrees, which is about 20% of the atmospheric oxygen concentration.
[0085]
[26] When the temperature in the fermenter reaches 80 ° C. or higher (about −400 mmHg, absolute pressure 360 mmHg), the fermentation treatment of the organic waste described in [13] and [14] can hardly be expected.
[0086]
[27] Next, water, air, and gas (reducing substance) sucked from the fermentation tank by a plurality of vacuum pumps (29. vacuum pump A, 29a. Vacuum pump B, 29b. Vacuum pump C.) In the heat exchanger (condenser), it is converted into condensed water, and finally it is 33. Sent to the cooling tower for processing, but before that, once, 26. Collected in the condensate tank, 27. The ozone produced by the ozone generator, 27a. Ozone sending tube, by being injected and stirred,
[Prior art]
And
As described in [15], the configuration is such that no problem occurs.
[0087]
[28] Next, in the house (fermenter) described in [1] to [4], 12. A self-propelled stirrer is provided to stir the organic waste to be treated while self-propelled. This is to speed up the processing and prevent the processing from becoming uneven.
[0088]
[29] Next, in the house (fermenter) described in [1] to [4], 31. Blowers, and 9. An air inlet is provided. In this method, as described in [13] to [26], organic waste is put into a sealed house (fermenter), heated, decompressed, and dried to perform fermentation treatment. This is because the fermentation process cannot be completed only by the process in the state.
[0089]
[30] As described above, if fermentation treatment by heating, decompression, and drying is performed, the treatment can be performed as described in [13] to [14]. Problems occur when fertilizing the fields.
[0090]
[31] As described in [13], this is to utilize the action of anaerobic microorganisms having strong fermentation power in an anaerobic state in the fermenter.
[0091]
[32] Anaerobic microorganisms are roughly classified into obligate anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Obligate anaerobic bacteria are very anaerobic and cannot survive in the air, and facultative anaerobic bacteria are intermediate between anaerobic and aerobic and are anaerobic but can survive in the air. It is. (Human Escherichia coli, lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria)
[0092]
[33] In fact, most of the pathogenic bacteria and putrefactive bacteria are highly anaerobic, and the more anaerobic, the more the pathogenicity and putrefaction tend to be.
[0093]
[34] As described in [13], the fermentation treatment is performed when the fermentation treatment is performed. However, when the fermentation treatment is almost completed, strongly anaerobic obligate anaerobic bacteria are unnecessary (and difficult). For this reason, air was introduced into the house (fermenter). Air inlet, more 31. Sterilization is performed by suctioning with a blower and bringing the pressure to a normal pressure. (As described in [32], obligate anaerobic bacteria cannot survive in air.)
[0094]
[35] At normal pressure The organic waste uniformly stirred by the self-propelled stirrer is then fermented by aerobic microorganisms, and becomes a high-quality compost blended with facultative anaerobic bacteria.
[0095]
[36] Next, 13. 14. Spray ozone on ultraviolet irradiation equipment and house (fermenter) Self-propelled ozone sprayer. This is used when treating organic waste such as landfills with the house type organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention.
[0096]
[37] In the case of treating organic waste that may contain harmful substances such as dioxins, a method of debasing utilizing the oxidizing power of ozone and sterilizing by ultraviolet irradiation (photochemical decomposition) As 10. 13. Upper part of the house (fermenter), described in [6]-[7]. 13. alternately with heater An ultraviolet irradiation device is provided, and sterilizes by irradiating ultraviolet rays as needed. Also, 10. In the upper part of the house (fermenter), 16. described in [4]. 14. It is provided in parallel with the self-propelled slurry spraying device. The self-propelled ozone spray device is configured to emit ozone.
[0097]
[38] Next, 8. The fermentation microorganism storage tank is mainly used when the organic waste described in [1] to [4] is not animal manure but food residue or agricultural residue. The reason is that the excrement of livestock contains a large amount of fermenting bacteria such as intestinal bacteria and Bacillus subtilis, so that it is easy to ferment naturally when an environment as described in [1] to [35] above is given. However, food residues and agricultural residues often contain a very small amount of fermentation bacteria, partly due to the presence of many human interventions. Especially in the case of vegetables, there are cases where there are almost no fermentation bacteria, such as when pesticides are used.
[0098]
[39] In the above case, fermentation is performed after mixing with livestock manure, or 8. A commercially available or collected fermentative bacterium cultivated in a fermentation microorganism bacterium storage tank is collected in 8a. 17. Fermentation bacteria feeding tube Spray with a self-propelled fermentation bacteria sprayer.
[0099]
[40] The collection and culture of the fermenting microorganisms is not difficult, and can be easily performed by anyone. For example, lactic acid bacteria and the like are put into milk of rice for 2-3 days, and milk is put in 3 days. A lactic acid bacteria culture solution can be obtained. Rice is placed on a rice stump, put in rice for 2 to 3 days, and then put in a container. If you put hot water and sugars such as brown sugar around the temperature, a Bacillus subtilis culture solution is completed in 4 to 5 days.
[0100]
[41] Note that 10. shown in [5]. The pressure-resistant glass used for the upper part of the house (fermenter) is not limited to the material as long as it is a pressure-resistant material having good permeability. Also, 12. shown in [28]. The self-propelled stirrer (scoop type) is not limited to a screw type, an auger type or the like as long as it has the function. Further, the heating method (heating method using a solar system) described in [6] to [8] is not limited to a boiler, power purchase, or the like as long as it has the function. Also, 11 shown in [4]. The lower part of the house (fermentation tank) is not limited to the material and shape (two partitioned tanks) as long as it has the function. For example, when the fermentation time (from opening to completion) is short, three or five tanks may be used.
【effect】
As described above, the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system of the present invention, which is configured and operates, creates an environment suitable for fermentation in the system and performs forced fermentation, so that fermentation is not affected by external factors and a large amount of solid organic waste is disposed. The material can be fermented in a short time (approximately 1/500 to 1 / 1,500), and liquid organic waste (slurry) that could not be conventionally treated can be eliminated. For this reason, it does not require a vast area or facilities, and the initial cost is low and economical. It is environmentally friendly because it does not release odors, reducing substances (gas bodies), wastewater, and waste liquids to the outside of the system. Since most of the power source of this system is covered by sunlight, running costs are low, economical and environmentally friendly.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a house type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention and a detailed diagram 1 of a decompression system unit.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view and an enlarged view of FIG. 2 along the line III-III.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention, showing a state of movement of a lower portion of a fermenter.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a house type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention, and is a detailed view of a supporting wall 1;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the house-type / organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention, and is a detailed view of a supporting wall 2;
FIG. 9 is a side view of the house type organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention, and is a detailed view of a stirrer.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a house type organic matter fermentation treatment system according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1. Input hopper 20. House bottom (fermentation tank) opening and closing wall
1a. Input conveyor 21. Bearing wall
2. Solid-liquid separator 22. Bearing wall jack
2a. Compression jack 23. Media
2b. Extrusion jack 24. Dustproof (cyclone)
2c. Drain pipe 24a. Reducing substance suction pipe A
3. Discharge hopper 24b. Reducing substance suction pipe B
3a. Discharge conveyor 25. Heat exchanger (condenser)
4. Liquid organic matter storage tank 26. Condensed water tank
4a. Liquid organic matter inlet pipe 26a. Condensate water pipe
5. Solar cell 27. Ozone generator
6. Storage battery 27a. Ozone delivery tube
7. Hydraulic unit 27b. Ozone feeding guide rail
8. Fermentation microorganism storage tank 28. Water pump A
8a. Fermentation bacterium inlet tube 29. Vacuum pump A
9. Air inlet 29a. Vacuum pump B
10. Upper part of the house (fermenter) 29b. Vacuum pump C
10a. Insulation layer space 30. Vacuum pump D
11. House bottom (fermenter) 31. Blower
12. Self-propelled stirrer 32. Water pump B
12a. Scoop 33. cooling tower

Claims (7)

House type fermentation treatment system that has the function of promoting fermentation of organic substances (livestock manure, food residues, agricultural residues, etc.) and turning it into fertilizer and feed. It has a high airtightness inside the house (fermentation tank). A device capable of arbitrarily changing the atmospheric pressure to a normal pressure state and a reduced pressure state and maintaining a constant reduced pressure state is provided. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a device for stirring the organic substance in the house (fermenter) and efficiently discharging the treated organic substance out of the house. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a sterilizer and a heater in the house (fermenter). The system according to claim 1, further comprising a heat insulation facility (heating) while taking in solar energy into the house (fermenter). The system according to claim 1, further comprising an apparatus for performing solid-liquid separation of an organic substance and treating the solid-liquid simultaneously or with a time difference. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a body of the house (fermenter) is integrated during the fermentation treatment of the organic matter, and a device capable of separating into an upper house (fermenter) and a lower house (fermenter) at the end of the fermentation treatment. System. The system according to claim 1, wherein no wastewater or waste liquid is discharged from the organic matter treatment system.

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