JP2004119151A

JP2004119151A - Lighting device and lighting system

Info

Publication number: JP2004119151A
Application number: JP2002279760A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Yoshinobu Murakami; 村上　善宣; Yasunori Kawase; 河瀬　靖憲; Kazufumi Nagasoe; 長添　和史; Juichi Kawashima; 川島　寿一; Shinsuke Nishioka; 西岡　伸介
Original assignee: Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
Current assignee: Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-09-25
Filing date: 2002-09-25
Publication date: 2004-04-15

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lighting device and lighting system for improving inspection accuracy of a secondary battery. <P>SOLUTION: A control part 7 of the lighting device A1 is provided with a charge detection part 8, a voltage detection part 9, and a determination part 11 for comprehensively determining abnormality of a secondary battery 1 and a lamp 2 from each detection result of a lighting detection part 10. In general, a condition of the secondary battery 1 is constantly monitored in addition to a regular inspection conducted every three months, and the determination part 11 comprehensively determines an inspection result of the regular inspection and a monitor result to determine the abnormality of the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2. Therefore, because of comprehensive determination together with the monitor result in addition to a conventional regular inspection result, the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery can be improved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、誘導灯や非常灯のように常用の電源が停電したときに２次電池などの非常用の電源でランプを点灯する照明装置並びに照明システムに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
誘導灯や非常灯のような非常用の照明装置は、火災や地震等による停電時に２次電池からなる非常用電源でランプを点灯（非常点灯）させるものであり、２次電池による非常点灯が正常に行われるか否かの点検を定期的に行うように消防庁告示及び建築基準法等で義務づけられている。
【０００３】
通常、非常用の照明装置には常用電源（商用電源）からランプへの電力供給を強制的に停止して擬似的な停電状態とするためのスイッチが設けられており、点検者が装置本体から垂下されている引き紐を操作して上記スイッチをオンさせることによって、２次電池から電力供給してランプを非常点灯させることで２次電池の点検が行われている。ここで、消防庁や建築基準法の規定では、２次電池からの電力供給により誘導灯の場合には２０分間又は６０分間、非常灯の場合には３０分間、それぞれランプを有効に非常点灯させなければならないことになっており、通常、点検者は上記引き紐に重りを吊り下げて上記スイッチをオンとし、上記規定時間内にランプが有効に非常点灯可能か否かを監視する必要がある。しかも、一般に誘導灯や非常灯は建物内の複数箇所に設置されているから、それら複数の照明装置を一つ一つ見て回って点検しなければならないから、点検者にとって非常に手間の掛かる作業であった。
【０００４】
そこで従来より、上述のような２次電池の点検作業の自動化や省力化を図った照明装置が種々提案されている。例えば、特許文献１に記載されている非常用照明装置は、商用電源から電力を供給してランプを点灯する点灯手段と、商用電源に接続されて２次電池を充電する充電手段と、商用電源及び２次電池からランプへの電力供給を制御するとともに２次電池の点検シーケンス手段を有する制御手段と、点検スイッチが所定時間以上オン動作したときに点検シーケンス手段の動作を開始するタイマ手段と、点検シーケンス開始後に所定の点検時間とランプの点灯時間を比較する比較手段と、比較手段による比較結果（点検結果）を表示する表示手段とを備えている。すなわち、点検者は短時間だけ点検スイッチをオンすれば、点検シーケンス手段によって点検作業の終了が判断され、２次電池に異常があれば表示手段で表示するから点検作業の省力化が図れるものである。
【０００５】
また、特許文献２には、防災用のランプ、２次電池、常時は商用電源からの電力供給にてランプを点灯させ、停電時には２次電池からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる交直兼用点灯装置、外部から監視・制御を行うための送受信部、並びに点検スイッチを具備する複数台の防災照明装置と、各防災照明装置の非常時及び常時の動作の監視・制御を一括して行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置からの点検信号を受けた場合にのみ、防災照明装置から制御装置へ点検結果を送信するようにした照明システムが記載されている。すなわち、各防災照明装置にて個々にランプ交換の要否を判断する必要が無くなり、制御装置にてランプ交換の時期を一括して管理することが可能となる。また、複数台の防災照明装置のうちから対象となる防災照明装置を選別して個別に点検を行うことができるから、時間をずらして点検を行うことが可能となる。
【０００６】
さらに、特許文献３には、複数の個別非常照明ユニットと、中央監視制御ユニットと、両者を結ぶ通信システムとからなり、通信システムがループ状に接続された各個別非常照明ユニット及び中央監視制御ユニットに具備された送受信器ユニットを含み、各個別非常照明ユニットの番地付けが容易に行えるとともに過去に行われた２次電池の診断結果を記憶し、個別非常照明ユニットの動作履歴を知ることが可能な照明システムが記載されている。
【０００７】
なお、２次電池の寿命に影響を与える要因としては、デンドライト（樹脂状晶）による短絡と内部抵抗の上昇が挙げられる。前者では、充放電サイクルの繰り返しによって負極表面のデンドライトが成長し、正極と負極を隔絶するセパレータを貫通して極間を短絡してしまうのであって、３ヶ月程度の定期的な点検では点検時に正常であってもその直後に短絡が生じて寿命となってしまう場合もある。また、後者の内部抵抗の上昇は徐々に進行する場合があり、これらは充電状態で判断することが不可能であるから放電を行わないと判断することができない。つまり、上述のような要因による２次電池の劣化を検出することは３ヶ月に一度程度の点検では非常に難しいと考えられる。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開平８−１８５９８７号公報（第４頁−第５頁、第１図）
【特許文献２】
特開平８−１８０９８０号公報（第２頁−第３頁、第１図）
【特許文献３】
特開平３−２２８４９７号公報（第２頁−第３頁、第１０図）
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、特許文献１に記載のものでは、点検シーケンスによって点検の終了が自動的に判断されるので点検者が点検時間を計測する手間が省略できて点検作業の省力化が図れているが、点検者が建物内に点在する非常用の照明装置の点検スイッチを操作して回る手間は残っている。これに対して特許文献２に記載のものでは、制御装置から各照明装置に点検信号を送信することで自動的に点検を行わせることはできるが、単にランプ電流の有無を検出することでランプの点灯状態を判断しているだけであるから、ランプが充分な照度の点灯を維持できていない状態（ランプ不良の状態）では充分な電力供給能力のない２次電池でも正常と誤判断してしまう虞があった。また、特許文献３においては、制御ユニットから診断開始の指令を受け取った個別照明ユニットが２次電池でランプを点灯させると同時に、電池電圧、光出力、消費電流を監視し、電池電圧が下降すると時間、電圧、電流を記録しているが、それらの記録に基づいて２次電池の状態を高い精度で判断しようとすれば人（管理者）がその判断を行わなければならず、点検作業の省略化が不十分であった。
【００１０】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みて為されたものであり、その目的は、２次電池の点検精度の向上が図れる照明装置並びに照明システムを提供することにある。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、光源となるランプと、ランプに電力供給する２次電池と、外部の常用電源から電力供給を受けて２次電池を充電する充電手段と、少なくとも常用電源が停電したときに２次電池からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる点灯手段と、点灯手段により所定の点検時間以上強制的にランプを点灯させて２次電池の点検を行う点検手段と、少なくとも２次電池の充電状態を含む１乃至複数の動作状態を常時監視する監視手段と、点検手段による点検結果と監視手段による監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池並びにランプの異常を検出する異常検出手段とを備えたことを特徴とする。
【００１２】
請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、ランプの点灯を検出する点灯検出部と、２次電池の電圧を検出する電圧検出部とを有し、監視手段は、充電手段による２次電池の充電の有無を検出する充電検出部を有することを特徴とする。
【００１３】
請求項３の発明は、請求項２の発明において、常用電源からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる常用点灯手段を備え、監視手段は、常用点灯手段によるランプの点灯・不点灯を検出する点灯検出部を有することを特徴とする。
【００１４】
請求項４の発明は、請求項１の発明において、常用電源が停電後に復電してからの経過時間をカウントする時間カウント手段を備え、点検手段は、時間カウント手段によってカウントされる経過時間が所定時間に達するまでは点検を開始しないことを特徴とする。
【００１５】
請求項５の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、点検時間が互いに異なる複数の点検モードを有し、異常検出手段は、点検時間が相対的に長い点検モードの点検結果を点検時間が相対的に短い点検モードの点検結果よりも優先することを特徴とする。
【００１６】
請求項６の発明は、請求項１の発明において、少なくとも、定期的に行う定期点検モードの他に施工直後の初期に行う初期点検モード又は定期点検モードよりも点検時間が短く且つ頻度の高い予備定期点検モードの少なくとも何れか一方を点検手段が有するか、あるいは２次電池の累積充電時間、点灯手段の累積動作時間、充電手段の累積動作時間、ランプの累積点灯時間のうちの少なくとも何れかを監視手段が監視することを特徴とする。
【００１７】
請求項７の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、点検の際に２次電池の電池電圧がメモリ効果を生じない程度に低下するまで放電させることを特徴とする。
【００１８】
請求項８の発明は、請求項６の発明において、異常検出手段は、点検手段による点検時間の短い点検モード又は予備定期点検モードにおいて充電時と放電時の電圧降下率が所定のしきい値以上であるときを２次電池の異常とすることを特徴とする。
【００１９】
請求項９の発明は、請求項８の発明において、点検手段は２次電池の電圧を検出する電圧検出部を有し、監視手段は充電手段による２次電池の充電の有無を検出する充電検出部を有し、異常検出手段は電圧検出部により検出される電池電圧と充電検出部で検出される充電の有無とから２次電池が交換されたか否かを判断し、２次電池が交換されたと判断した場合には少なくとも２次電池に関するそれまでの点検結果並びに監視結果を初期化することを特徴とする。
【００２０】
請求項１０の発明は、請求項１の発明において、異常検出手段は、２次電池の周囲温度を検出する温度検出部を有し、温度検出部で検出する周囲温度に応じて２次電池の放電特性を補正し、最も温度条件が悪い場合を想定して２次電池の異常を検出することを特徴とする。
【００２１】
請求項１１の発明は、請求項１の発明において、２次電池は互いに並列接続される複数の電池セルからなり、点検手段は、点検時に各電池セルを個別に点灯手段と接続して放電させることを特徴とする。
【００２２】
請求項１２の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、照明装置の点検結果又は監視結果のデータを取得して保存し、保存した点検結果又は監視結果の履歴に基づいて照明装置における異常の有無を判断する判断手段を具備したことを特徴とする。
【００２３】
請求項１３の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置と、制御装置との間でデータの授受を行う管理センタとを備え、ランプや２次電池を含む構成部品の交換に関する情報を記憶する記憶手段を各照明装置に具備し、制御装置又は制御装置を経由した管理センタにて照明装置の記憶手段に記憶した前記情報を取得することを特徴とする。
【００２４】
請求項１４の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置との間で通信するための通信手段を各照明装置に具備するとともに、常用電源の停電時には２次電池から通信手段への電力供給を行わないことを特徴とする。
【００２５】
請求項１５の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、光源となるランプ、ランプに電力供給する２次電池、外部の常用電源から電力供給を受けて２次電池を充電する充電手段、少なくとも常用電源が停電したときに２次電池からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる点灯手段、点灯手段により所定の点検時間以上強制的にランプを点灯させて２次電池の点検を行う点検手段、少なくとも２次電池の充電状態を含む１乃至複数の動作状態を常時監視する監視手段、点検結果や監視結果を含むデータを信号線を介して授受する通信手段を具備する１乃至複数の照明装置と、各照明装置と信号線を介して接続される制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、信号線を介して各照明装置から受信する点検結果と監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池並びにランプの異常を検出する異常検出手段を具備することを特徴とする。
【００２６】
【発明の実施の形態】
（実施形態１）
本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１は、図１に示すように非常用電源となる２次電池１と、白熱ランプや放電ランプなどからなるランプ２と、常用電源（商用電源ＡＣ）に接続された給電経路を開閉する点検スイッチ３と、点検スイッチ３を介して給電経路に接続され、商用電源ＡＣから供給される交流を降圧し安定化して所望の直流を得る電源回路部４と、電源回路部４から出力される直流電力で２次電池１を充電する充電部５と、２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させる点灯回路部６と、２次電池１から点灯回路部６への給電路を開閉するスイッチ素子Ｑと、商用電源ＡＣの停電、復電を検出してスイッチ素子Ｑをオン、オフするとともに２次電池１やランプ２などの異常を検出する制御部７と、異常検出を報知するための表示灯１３とを備え、常時は商用電源ＡＣから電力供給を受けて２次電池１を充電し、商用電源ＡＣの停電時に２次電池１からの電力供給で非常灯であるランプ２を点灯するものである。
【００２７】
制御部７はタイマ機能を内蔵したマイクロコンピュータを主構成要素とし、充電部５から２次電池１へ流れる充電電流の有無を検出する充電検出部８と、２次電池１の電圧（以下、「電池電圧」という）を検出する電圧検出部９と、点灯回路部６からランプ２に流れる電流（ランプ電流）を計測してランプ２の点灯、不点灯を検出する点灯検出部１０と、各検出部８，９，１０の検出結果から２次電池１やランプ２の異常を総合的に判断する判断部１１と、ＥＥＰＲＯＭ等の不揮発性メモリからなる記憶部１２とを具備している。また、制御部７は点灯回路部６により所定の点検時間以上強制的にランプ２を点灯させて２次電池１の点検を行う点検機能と、２次電池１の充電状態を常時監視する監視機能とを有している。すなわち、本実施形態では制御部７で点検手段並びに監視手段を構成し、判断部１１で異常検出手段を構成している。なお、表示灯１２は発光ダイオードからなり、判断部１１により駆動されて発光する。
【００２８】
而して、商用電源ＡＣから電力供給を受けているとき（常時）には、充電部５により２次電池１が充電されるとともに、制御部７によりスイッチ素子Ｑがオフされてランプ２を消灯させているが、停電により商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給が停止したとき（非常時）には、充電検出部８にて充電電流が検出されなくなることで停電が検知され、制御部７によりスイッチ素子Ｑがオンされて２次電池１から点灯回路部６への電力供給が可能となってランプ２を点灯させるものである。そして、復電により商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給が再開されれば、充電検出部８にて充電電流が検出されることで復電が検知され、制御部７によりスイッチ素子Ｑがオフされて２次電池１から点灯回路部６への電力供給が停止してランプ２を消灯させる。
【００２９】
ところで、本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１においても、従来技術で説明したように消防庁告示及び建築基準法等で義務づけられている点検（２次電池１による非常点灯が正常に行われるか否かの点検）を定期的（例えば、３ヶ月に１回）に行う必要がある。したがって、この定期的な点検（以下、「定期点検」と呼ぶ）における制御部７の動作について図２のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
【００３０】
まず、点検スイッチ３がオフ操作されることで商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給が停止して強制的に停電状態にされると、充電検出部８の検出結果から停電を検出した判断部１１が、記憶部１２に記憶されている常用時での２次電池１の監視結果（後述する）が正常か否かを判断する（ステップ１）。ここで常用時の２次電池１の監視結果が正常でなければ、判断部１１は２次電池１の異常と判断し（ステップ２）、表示灯１３を点灯あるいは点滅させて異常発生を報知するとともに、その点検結果（２次電池１に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ４）。
【００３１】
一方、常用時の２次電池１の監視結果が正常であれば、制御部７はスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１の放電を開始し（ステップ５）、点灯検出部１０の検出結果からランプ２の点灯、不点灯を判別し（ステップ６）、不点灯であればランプ２の異常と判断する（ステップ７）。そして、表示灯１３を点灯あるいは点滅させて異常発生を報知するとともに、その点検結果（ランプ２に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ４）。
【００３２】
また、点灯検出部１０でランプ２の点灯が検出されれば、判断部１１は電圧検出部９で検出される電池電圧を所定の基準値（以下、「放電基準電圧」と呼ぶ）と比較し（ステップ８）、電池電圧が放電基準電圧以上であればステップ６に戻ってランプ２の点灯、不点灯を判別する。そして、２次電池１が放電して電池電圧が放電基準電圧を下回ったとき、判断部１１はステップ５の放電開始時点からタイマによりカウントし始めた経過時間が所定の点検時間Ｔ１（例えば、一般の非常灯では３０分、長時間型であれば６０分）以上であるか否かを判断し（ステップ９）、経過時間が点検時間Ｔ１未満であれば２次電池１に異常が発生していると判断する（ステップ１０）。そして、表示灯１３を点灯あるいは点滅させて異常発生を報知するとともに、その点検結果（２次電池１に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ４）。
【００３３】
一方、経過時間が点検時間Ｔ１以上であれば、判断部１１は２次電池１が正常であると判断し（ステップ１１）、その点検結果（２次電池１及びランプ２は正常）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を終了する（ステップ４）。
【００３４】
而して、２次電池１の点検時にランプ２が正常に点灯していれば、図３の曲線イで示すように２次電池１の電池電圧が低下し、２次電池１の放電開始時刻（図３の時刻ｔ＝ｔ０）からの経過時間が点検時間Ｔ１を過ぎる前に放電基準電圧Ｖｒを下回ることがなく、点検時間Ｔ１を過ぎた時点の電池電圧が放電基準電圧Ｖｒ以上か否かで２次電池１が正常であるか、あるいは異常が発生しているかを判断することができる。また、ランプ２に異常があって不点灯となったときには、図３の曲線ロで示すように２次電池１の電池電圧が殆ど低下しないから、従来例では点検時間Ｔ１を過ぎた時点の電池電圧が放電基準電圧Ｖｒ以上となって２次電池１が正常と判断される虞があったが、本実施形態では点検中におけるランプ２の点灯、不点灯を点灯検出部１０で検出し、ランプ２が不点灯の場合には点検を中止するようにしているから、ランプ２の不点灯により２次電池１の点検が不正確になるのを防ぐことができる。
【００３５】
また、本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１では、上述の定期点検以外に常時において２次電池１を放電せずにその状態を監視している。そこで、この常時の監視における制御部７の動作について図４のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
【００３６】
制御部７では、判断部１１が記憶部１２に記憶されている点検結果を読み込み（ステップ１２）、充電検出部８により充電電流が検出されているか否かを判別し（ステップ１３）、充電電流が検出されなければ２次電池１が外れていると判断する（ステップ１４）。また、充電電流が検出された場合、判断部１１はステップ１２で読み込んだ点検結果から２次電池１の正常、異常を判別し（ステップ１５）、点検結果が異常であれば２次電池１に異常が発生していると判断する（ステップ１６）。さらに、点検結果が正常である場合、判断部１１は電圧検出部９で検出される充電中の電池電圧が所定のしきい値以上か否かを判別し（ステップ１７）、電池電圧がしきい値未満であれば、２次電池１に異常が発生していると判断し（ステップ１８）、電池電圧がしきい値以上であれば、２次電池１は正常と判断する（ステップ１９）。そして、ステップ１２からステップ１９の処理は定期点検が行われている間を除いて周期的に繰り返し行われており、各回の監視結果（２次電池１の正常、異常）が記憶部１２に記憶されている。
【００３７】
而して、本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１では、３ヶ月に１回行われる定期点検とは別に２次電池１の状態を常時監視しており、判断部１１では定期点検の点検結果と監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池１並びにランプ２の異常を判断しており、例えば、予め定期点検結果と監視結果に優先順位を設定しておき、優先順位の高い結果を選択して表示灯１３で表示させている。このように本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１では、従来のように定期点検結果のみならず、監視結果と合わせて総合的に判断しているから、２次電池の点検精度の向上が図れるものである。
【００３８】
（実施形態２）
ところで、２次電池として広く利用されているＮｉＣｄ電池やＮｉＨ電池には所謂メモリ効果が生じると言われているが、この現象は一時的なものであって、深い放電を行うことで通常は解消するものである。しかしながら、２次電池１にメモリ効果が生じた場合、定期点検を繰り返すうちに毎回の放電停止付近における電池電圧が低下して２次電池１が異常と誤判断されてしまう虞がある。
【００３９】
そこで本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１では、定期点検の際に２次電池１の電池電圧がメモリ効果を生じない程度に低下するまで放電させるようにして、２次電池１にメモリ効果が生じるのを防いでおり、この点に本実施形態の特徴がある。なお、本実施形態における照明装置Ａ１の構成は実施形態１と共通であるから図示並びに説明は省略する。
【００４０】
図５のフローチャートを参照して定期点検における制御部７の動作を説明する。但し、図５から明らかなようにステップ１〜ステップ１１までの動作は実施形態１における定期点検の動作と共通であるから説明は省略する。本実施形態においては、判断部１１にて２次電池１が正常と判断された場合、制御部７は電池電圧がメモリ効果が生じない程度の電圧（これを「放電停止電圧」と呼ぶ）、例えば、２次電池１を構成する複数の電池セル１個当たり１．０Ｖ（＝１．０Ｖ／セル）以下に低下するまで２次電池１の放電を継続させる（ステップ１２）。そして、電池電圧が放電停止電圧以下になった時点で点検結果を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を終了する（ステップ４）。
【００４１】
このように本実施形態では、定期点検の際に２次電池１の電池電圧がメモリ効果を生じない程度に低下するまで放電させることで２次電池１にメモリ効果が生じるのを防ぐことができ、本来ならば正常である２次電池１がメモリ効果のために誤って異常検出されるのを防ぐことができる。なお、制御部７が複数の点検を行う場合、例えば、比較的に短い周期（１週間に１回）で点検時間が短時間（１分程度）だけ２次電池１を放電するような点検と、上述のような定期点検とを行う場合には、点検周期及び点検時間が相対的に長い方の点検（定期点検）の際に上述のようにして２次電池１を深く放電させることが望ましい。
【００４２】
（実施形態３）
実施形態２では、定期点検の際にランプ２を点検時間以上点灯できた場合に電池電圧が放電停止電圧以下に低下するまで放電を継続することで２次電池１にメモリ効果が生じるのを防いでいるが、前回の定期点検から今回の定期点検までの間に停電による非常点灯などによって２次電池１が放電している可能性があり、浅い充放電が繰り返されてメモリ効果が生じていると、前回の定期点検でメモリ効果を解消していたとしても今回の定期点検でメモリ効果により２次電池１の異常を誤検出してしまう虞がある。
【００４３】
そこで本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１では、定期点検の際に一旦２次電池１を深く放電させてメモリ効果を解消した後に再度充電して本来の定期点検を行うようにしている。なお、本実施形態における照明装置Ａ１の構成は実施形態１と共通であるから図示並びに説明は省略する。
【００４４】
図６のフローチャートを参照して定期点検における制御部７の動作を説明する。但し、図６から明らかなようにステップ５〜ステップ７までの動作以外は実施形態１における定期点検の動作と共通であるから説明は省略する。本実施形態においては、常用時の２次電池１の監視結果が正常であると制御部７はスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１の放電を開始するのであるが（ステップ５）、電池電圧が放電停止電圧以下に低下するまで２次電池１の放電を継続させ（ステップ６）、その後、スイッチ素子Ｑをオフして予め設定された充電時間Ｔｘだけ２次電池１の充電を行い（ステップ７）、充電時間Ｔｘが経過したらスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして放電を開始する（ステップ８）。なお、充電時間Ｔｘは電池電圧が放電停止電圧以下になるまで放電された２次電池１を満充電するのに必要充分な時間とすればよく、一般に非常灯の場合で４８時間、誘導灯の場合で２４時間程度である。
【００４５】
このように本実施形態では、定期点検の際に一旦２次電池１を深く放電させてメモリ効果を解消した後に再度充電して本来の定期点検を行うようにしているから、前回の定期点検から今回の定期点検までの間に２次電池１にメモリ効果が生じていても２次電池１の異常が誤検出されるのを防ぐことができる。
【００４６】
（実施形態４）
本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１は、点検時間が互いに異なる複数の点検モードを有している場合に、点検時間が相対的に長い点検モードの点検結果を点検時間が相対的に短い点検モードの点検結果よりも優先する点に特徴がある。なお、本実施形態における照明装置Ａ１の構成は実施形態１と共通であるから図示並びに説明は省略する。
【００４７】
図７のフローチャートを参照して本実施形態における制御部７の動作を説明する。
【００４８】
点検が開始されると（ステップ１）、制御部７はスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１の放電を開始し（ステップ２）、同時にタイマにより経時時間Ｔのカウントを開始する（ステップ３）。そして、点灯検出部１０の検出結果からランプ２の点灯、不点灯を判別し（ステップ４）、不点灯であればランプ２の異常と判断して（ステップ５）、表示灯１３を点灯あるいは点滅させて異常発生を報知するとともに、その点検結果（ランプ２に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ６）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ７）。
【００４９】
また、点灯検出部１０でランプ２の点灯が検出されれば、判断部１１は電圧検出部９で検出される電池電圧を放電基準電圧と比較し（ステップ８）、２次電池１が放電して電池電圧が放電基準電圧を下回ったとき、判断部１１はその時点におけるタイマの経過時間Ｔａ＝Ｔを記憶してタイマを停止する（ステップ９）。さらに判断部１１では、この経過時間Ｔａが所定の判定時間Ｔ１（例えば、２０分）を越えるか否かを判断し（ステップ１０）、越えていれば２次電池１が正常であると判断して（ステップ１１）、その点検結果（２次電池１及びランプ２が正常であること）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ６）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を終了する（ステップ７）。
【００５０】
一方、経過時間Ｔａが判定時間Ｔ１以下である場合、判断部１１は前回の経過時間Ｔｂと今回の経過時間Ｔａを比較し（ステップ１２）、今回の経過時間Ｔａが前回の経過時間Ｔｂ以下であれば、点検結果を判断せずに放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ７）。これに対して、前回の経過時間Ｔｂが今回の経過時間Ｔａを越えていれば、判断部１１は今回の経過時間Ｔａを経過時間Ｔｂに代入し（ステップ１３）、２次電池１に異常が発生したと判断する（ステップ１４）。そして、表示灯１３を点灯あるいは点滅させて異常発生を報知するとともに、その点検結果（２次電池１に異常発生）と経過時間Ｔｂを記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ６）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ７）。
【００５１】
また、電池電圧が放電基準電圧を下回らない状態で点検時間が経過して点検が終了したら（ステップ１５）、その時点の経過時間Ｔｃ＝Ｔを記憶してタイマを停止する（ステップ１６，１７）。そして、判断部１１は前回の経過時間Ｔｂと今回の経過時間Ｔｃを比較し（ステップ１８）、今回の経過時間Ｔｃが前回の経過時間Ｔｂ以下であれば、点検結果を判断せずに放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ７）。これに対して、今回の経過時間Ｔｃが前回の経過時間Ｔｂを越えていれば、２次電池１は正常と判断する（ステップ１１）。そして、その点検結果（２次電池１は正常）と今回の経過時間Ｔｃを代入した経過時間Ｔｂとを記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ６）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を終了する（ステップ７）。
【００５２】
上述のように本実施形態では、点検時間が異なる複数の点検モードを有している場合に点検時間の長い、すなわち、点検結果がより正確であると考えられる点検結果を優先して判断することによって点検精度の向上が図れる。例えば、前回の点検モードの点検時間を１５分、今回の点検モードの点検時間を５分としたとき、前回の点検モードで異常が検出されていながら今回の点検モードで異常が検出されなかった場合でも、点検時間の長い前回の点検モードの点検結果を優先して異常と判断することにより、本来必要な性能（判定時間２０分内で異常が発生しないこと）を満足することができる。
【００５３】
（実施形態５）
本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１は、図８に示すように２次電池１が互いに並列接続される複数の電池セル１_１〜１_４からなり、個々の電池セル１_１〜１_４を充電部５並びに点灯回路部６と個別に接続／切り離しを行う選択切換部１４を備え、点検時に各電池セル１_１〜１_４を個別に点灯回路部６と接続して放電させる点に特徴がある。但し、本実施形態の基本構成は実施形態１と共通であるから、共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して適宜図示並びに説明を省略する。
【００５４】
２次電池１を構成する複数（本実施形態では４つ）の電池セル１_１〜１_４は、それぞれ２次電池１に要求される必要な容量の４分の１の容量を有するものであって、選択切換部１４を介して充電部５並びに点灯回路部６と互いに並列に接続されている。選択切換部１４は、各電池セル１_１〜１_４の正極と点灯回路部６との間にアノードを正極側として接続されたダイオードＤ１１，Ｄ２１，Ｄ３１，Ｄ４１及びスイッチ要素ＳＷ１１，ＳＷ２１，ＳＷ３１，ＳＷ４１の直列回路と、各電池セル１_１〜１_４の正極と充電部５との間にカソードを正極側として接続されたダイオードＤ１２，Ｄ２２，Ｄ３２，Ｄ４２及びスイッチ要素ＳＷ１２，ＳＷ２２，ＳＷ３２，ＳＷ４２の直列回路とで構成される。スイッチ要素ＳＷ１１，…はバイポーラトランジスタ、ＭＯＳＦＥＴあるいはトライアックなどの半導体スイッチ素子若しくはリレー等からなり、制御部７によって個別にオン、オフされる。
【００５５】
常時においては、制御部７によりスイッチ要素ＳＷ１１，ＳＷ２１，ＳＷ３１，ＳＷ４１が全てオフ、スイッチ要素ＳＷ１２，ＳＷ２２，ＳＷ３２，ＳＷ４２が全てオンとされて全ての電池セル１_１〜１_４が充電部５と接続されて充電される。また、非常時においては、制御部７によりスイッチ要素ＳＷ１１，ＳＷ２１，ＳＷ３１，ＳＷ４１が全てオン、スイッチ要素ＳＷ１２，ＳＷ２２，ＳＷ３２，ＳＷ４２が全てオフとされて全ての電池セル１_１〜１_４が点灯回路部６と接続されてランプ２に電力を供給する。
【００５６】
一方、点検時おいては、制御部７によりスイッチ要素ＳＷ１１，ＳＷ２１，ＳＷ３１，ＳＷ４１の何れか一つ（例えばＳＷ１１）をオン、その他の全てのスイッチ要素ＳＷ１２，…をオフとすることにより、選択切換部１４で選択された一つの電池セル１_１，…のみが点灯回路部６と接続されて放電され、個々の電池セル１_１〜１_４毎に点検が行われる。
【００５７】
而して、２次電池１の点検を複数の電池セル１_１〜１_４毎に個別に行うことによって、点検中あるいは点検後の充電中に商用電源ＡＣが停電して非常点灯が開始した場合、少なくとも４分の３の点灯時間は確保することが可能であるから、２次電池１の容量不足により必要な点灯時間が確保できずに安全上の問題が生じるリスクを小さくできる。また、一つの電池セル１_１が寿命になった場合でも交換までの間は他の３つの電池セル１_２〜１_４で本来の４分の３の点灯時間は確保することができる。
【００５８】
なお、本実施形態では４つの電池セル１_１〜１_４を並列に接続して２次電池１を構成しているが、一つの電池セル１_１〜１_４のみで必要な電圧を確保できない場合には、図９に示すように複数の電池セル１_１１〜１_１４，…で直列回路を構成するようにしてもよい。また、図１０に示すように同容量の電池セル１_５を追加すれば、点検中や交換までの期間を含めて常に必要な点灯時間を確保することができる。
【００５９】
（実施形態６）
本実施形態の照明装置Ａ１は、商用電源ＡＣが停電後に復電してからの経過時間を制御部７にてカウントし、カウントされる経過時間が２次電池１を満充電するのに要する時間（充電時間）に達するまでは点検を開始しないようにしている点に特徴がある。なお、本実施形態における照明装置Ａ１の構成は実施形態１と共通であるから図示並びに説明は省略する。
【００６０】
本実施形態における制御部７の動作を図１１のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
【００６１】
制御部７は、商用電源ＡＣが停電していればスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を非常点灯させ（ステップ１，２）、商用電源ＡＣが復電すると復電した時点からの経過時間をタイマによりカウントする。そして、制御部７は点検スイッチ３の操作状態を監視しており、商用電源ＡＣが停電していない常時において点検スイッチ３が操作されたことを検出すると、その時点までの経過時間が２次電池１を満充電するのに要する時間（例えば、２４時間）を越えているかを判断し（ステップ３）、越えていればスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして点検処理を行い（ステップ４）、越えていなければ点検処理を行わない。
【００６２】
このように本実施形態では、停電時に放電された２次電池１が復電後に満充電されるまでは点検が開始されないから、満充電されていない状態で２次電池１の点検が行われるのを防ぐことができる。その結果、満充電されていない状態の２次電池１が点検によって異常と誤検出されるのを防止できる。
【００６３】
なお、図１２に示すように充電検出部８を充電部５から２次電池１への充電経路に挿入された検出抵抗Ｒと、検出抵抗Ｒの両端電圧を比較するコンパレータＣＰとで構成し、充電中には充電電流による電圧降下で検出抵抗Ｒの両端に電位差が生じてコンパレータＣＰの出力がＨレベルとなり、２次電池１が満充電されると充電電流が流れなくなって検出抵抗Ｒの両端に電位差が生じなくなってコンパレータＣＰの出力がＬレベルとなるようにし、商用電源ＡＣが停電していない常時において点検スイッチ３が操作されたことを検出した制御部７が、充電検出部８で満充電を検出している場合にのみ点検処理を行うようにしても構わない。すなわち、点検前に数秒程度の停電があって２次電池１の容量がごく僅かに減少しているような場合、復電後の経過時間で２次電池１の満充電を判断するよりも、上述のように充電電流によって満充電を判断する方が２次電池１を満充電して点検処理を開始できるまでの時間を大幅に短縮することができる。
【００６４】
（実施形態７）
本実施形態の照明システムのシステム構成図を図１３に、照明装置Ａ２のブロック図を図１４にそれぞれ示す。本実施形態の照明システムは、複数の照明装置Ａ２と、各照明装置Ａ２との間で通信線Ｌｓを介してデータの授受を行う制御装置Ｂとで構成される。
【００６５】
本実施形態における照明装置Ａ２は、図１４に示すように点検スイッチ３及び表示灯１３を具備しない点と、通信線Ｌｓを介してデータの授受を行うための通信部１５並びに通信のためのアドレスを設定するアドレス設定部１６とを具備する点とを除けば、実施形態１〜６の照明装置Ａ１の何れかと共通の構成を備えている。したがって、実施形態１〜６の何れかと共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
【００６６】
アドレス設定部１６はディップスイッチで構成されており、各照明装置Ａ２に固有のアドレスの他に複数の照明装置Ａ２からなるグループを特定するためのグループ番号も設定可能であって、照明システムの施工時にアドレス設定が行われる。
【００６７】
制御装置Ｂは、通信線Ｌｓを介して照明装置Ａ２との間でデータを授受する通信手段やマイクロコンピュータからなる制御手段、その他にＥＥＰＲＯＭなどからなる不揮発性のメモリ等を備えている。但し、このような制御装置Ｂは従来周知の技術で実現可能であるから詳細な構成については図示並びに説明を省略する。
【００６８】
本実施形態においては、制御装置Ｂが各照明装置Ａ２の固有アドレスを指定して定期的（例えば、３ヶ月に１回）に点検開始のコマンドデータを順次送信し、このコマンドデータを受信した照明装置Ａ２では、制御部７が通信部１５で受信したコマンドデータを解釈して点検処理を開始し、スイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させ、個々の照明装置Ａ２毎に制御装置Ｂからの指令で定期点検を行う。また、各照明装置Ａ２では、３ヶ月に１回行われる定期点検とは別に２次電池１の状態を常時監視しており、判断部１１では定期点検の点検結果と監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池１並びにランプ２の異常の有無を総合的に判断し、優先順位の高い結果を選択して制御装置Ｂに送信している。したがって、点検作業を行う者は各照明装置Ａ２の設置場所まで赴いて点検を行わなくても制御装置Ｂによってそれぞれの照明装置Ａ２の点検結果を把握することができて点検作業の省力化が図れる者である。
【００６９】
（実施形態８）
これまでの実施形態１〜７においては、常時にはランプ２を消灯させておき、非常時にランプ２を点灯させる非常灯として構成された照明装置Ａ１，Ａ２を例示したが、本実施形態の照明装置Ａ３は常時及び非常時ともにランプ２を点灯させるタイプの非常灯、あるいは誘導灯として構成されている。すなわち、図１５に示すように、電源回路部４の出力を充電部５だけでなく点灯回路部６にも入力し、常時においても商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させ、非常時には制御部７によりスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させるものである。なお、本実施形態では常時においてもランプ２を点灯させるから、常時の監視項目にランプ２の点灯、不点灯の検出も追加する必要がある。
【００７０】
而して、本実施形態でも実施形態１〜７と同様に、照明装置Ａ３にて３ヶ月に１回行われる定期点検とは別に２次電池１並びにランプ２の状態を常時監視しており、判断部１１では定期点検の点検結果と監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池１並びにランプ２の異常の有無を総合的に判断することで２次電池１の点検精度の向上が図れるとともにランプ２の異常を早期に検出できるものである。
【００７１】
（実施形態９）
本実施形態の照明装置Ａ４は、図１６に示すように非常用の点灯回路部６とは別に常用の点灯回路部１７と、非常時と常時においてランプ２に接続する点灯回路部６，１７を切り換える切換部１８とを備えている。
【００７２】
常用の点灯回路部１７は商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させるものであって、ランプ電流の有無に基づいて常時のランプ２の点灯、不点灯を検出し、その検出結果を出力部１７ａから制御部７の点灯検出部１０に出力している。また、切換部１８は制御部７によって切換動作が制御され、常時には点灯回路１７をランプ２に接続するとともに非常時には点灯回路部６をランプ２に接続する。
【００７３】
而して、本実施形態でも実施形態８と同様の効果を奏し、さらに、点灯回路部１７の出力部１７ａから出力する検出結果に基づいて判断部１１が常時におけるランプ２の点灯、不点灯を判断しているから、ランプ２の異常を早期に検出することができる。
【００７４】
（実施形態１０）
本実施形態の照明システムは、図１７に示すように複数の照明装置Ａ２と、各照明装置Ａ２との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置Ｂと、制御装置Ｂとの間でデータの授受を行う管理センタＣとを備え、ランプ２や２次電池１を含む構成部品の交換に関する情報を照明装置Ａ２の記憶部１２に記憶させ、照明装置Ａ２の記憶部１２に記憶した前記情報を制御装置Ｂを経由し管理センタＣにて取得する点に特徴がある。但し、照明装置Ａ２及び制御装置Ｂの構成については実施形態７と共通であるから説明は省略する。
【００７５】
管理センタＣは照明装置Ａ２及び制御装置Ｂが設置されている場所から離れた場所に設置され、公衆電話回線網等の通信網ＮＷを介して制御装置Ｂと接続されており、制御装置Ｂとの間でデータの授受を行うための通信機器やコンピュータ、データ記憶用の外部記憶装置、データ表示用のディスプレイ装置などで構成されている。なお、このような構成を有する管理センタＣは従来周知の技術により実現可能であるから詳細な説明は省略する。
【００７６】
照明装置Ａ２においては、ランプ２の品番やランプ２を配設するために使用される器具の品番、並びに２次電池１の品番等の情報（以下、「品番情報」と呼ぶ）が予め記憶部１２に記憶されており、制御装置Ｂからの要求に応じて記憶部１２から読み出された品番情報が通信部１５から通信線Ｌｓを介して制御装置Ｂに送信されるようになっている。但し、品番情報を制御装置Ｂが具備するデータベースに登録しておき、照明装置Ａ２にはデータベースに登録されている品番情報に対応した番号をディップスイッチによって設定するようにしておき、ディップスイッチで設定されている番号を照明装置Ａ２から受け取り、制御装置Ｂがデータベースを参照してその番号に対応する品番情報を取得するようにしても構わない。また、制御装置Ｂからの要求に関係なく、点検終了後に異常があると判断された部品の品番情報を照明装置Ａ２から制御装置Ｂに自発的に送信するようにしてもよい。
【００７７】
一方、制御装置Ｂは管理センタＣからの要求に応じて各照明装置Ａ２の品番情報を通信網ＮＷを介して送信しており、管理センサＣにおいて制御装置Ｂを経由して複数の照明装置Ａ２の品番情報を取得することができる。すなわち、通常は照明装置Ａ２が設置されている現場に作業者が出向いて点検を行い、点検により異常が見つかれば異常のあった部品の品番を確認し、当該品番に一致する交換部品を作業者が一旦取りに戻ってから交換するという手順になるが、本実施形態では、点検で異常が見つかった部品の品番を管理センタＣで取得する品番情報から知ることができるため、現場に出向く作業者が交換部品を持参して交換するだけで済み、部品の交換作業（メンテナンス作業）が大幅に省力化できるという利点がある。
【００７８】
（実施形態１１）
本実施形態は、各照明装置Ａ２において商用電源ＡＣの停電時（非常時）には２次電池１から通信部１５への電力供給を行わないようにした点に特徴がある。
【００７９】
図１８に示すように、制御部７及び通信部１５には電源回路部４から電力供給が行われ、制御部７にはダイオードＤａを介して２次電池１からも電力供給が可能となっているが、通信部１５には２次電池１からの電力供給が行われない構成となっている。すなわち、商用電源ＡＣから電力供給が行われる常時においては、電源回路部４から制御部７及び通信部１５の双方に電力が供給されるが、非常時には商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給が停止するために通信部１５は動作せず、制御部７は２次電池１からの電力供給で動作する。
【００８０】
あるいは、図１９に示すように電源回路部４から通信部１５への給電経路に電源回路部４が動作しているときにだけオンするリレー接点ｒが挿入された構成としてもよい。すなわち、商用電源ＡＣから電力供給が行われる常時においては、リレー接点ｒがオンして電源回路部４から制御部７及び通信部１５の双方に電力が供給されるが、非常時には商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給が停止するために電源回路部４も動作せず、リレー接点ｒがオフして通信部１５は動作せず、制御部７は２次電池１からの電力供給で動作する。
【００８１】
このように本実施形態の照明装置Ａ２では、商用電源ＡＣの停電時（非常時）に２次電池１から通信部１５への電力供給を行わないようにしているから、非常時における電力消費を抑えることでランプ２を必要な時間だけ確実に点灯させることができる。なお、図１８及び図１９では充電部５やスイッチ素子Ｑ等の図示を省略しているが、基本的な構成は実施形態７の照明装置Ａ２と共通である。
【００８２】
（実施形態１２）
本実施形態の照明システムは、図２０に示すように複数の照明装置Ａ２’と、各照明装置Ａ２’との間で通信線Ｌｓを介してデータの授受を行う制御装置Ｂ’と、数台の照明装置Ａ２’と制御装置Ｂ’との間に通信線Ｌｓを介して接続されるフロアモニタＤとを備えている。
【００８３】
本実施形態における照明装置Ａ２’は、判断部１１を具備しない点を除いて実施形態７の照明装置Ａ２と共通の構成を有しているから、図示並びに説明は省略する。これに対して本実施形態における制御装置Ｂ’は、照明装置Ａ２の判断部１１と同じ機能を有する判断手段を備えている。但し、この判断手段は、制御手段を構成するマイクロコンピュータによって実現される。
【００８４】
また、フロアモニタＤは通信線Ｌｓを介して照明装置Ａ２’並びに制御装置Ｂ’とデータの授受を行う通信手段、ＥＥＰＲＯＭなどからなる記憶手段、マイクロコンピュータからなり全体を制御する制御手段、ブラウン管や液晶ディスプレイからなる表示手段等を備えている。図２１に示すように、フロアモニタＤは合成樹脂製の矩形箱形のハウジング２０内に上記各手段が収納され、表示手段の画面２１がハウジング２０の前面に臨み、各種の設定等を行うためのスイッチ操作部２２がハウジング２０の前面に設けられている。但し、このようなフロアモニタＤは従来周知の技術で実現可能であるから詳細な構成については図示並びに説明を省略する。
【００８５】
本実施形態においては、制御装置Ｂ’が各照明装置Ａ２’に固有のアドレスを指定して定期的（例えば、３ヶ月に１回）に点検開始のコマンドデータを順次送信し、このコマンドデータを受信した照明装置Ａ２’では、制御部７が通信部１５で受信したコマンドデータを解釈して点検処理を開始し、スイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させ、個々の照明装置Ａ２’毎に制御装置Ｂ’からの指令で定期点検を行う。なお、同一のフロアモニタＤに接続されている同系統の照明装置Ａ２’毎に並行して点検を実施することも可能である。そして、各照明装置Ａ２’から制御装置Ｂ’に対して定期点検の結果が通信部１５から通信線Ｌｓを介して送信され、制御装置Ｂ’では各照明装置Ａ２’から受信した点検結果を記憶手段に記憶する。
【００８６】
さらに、制御装置Ｂ’は定期点検に比較して非常に短い周期（例えば、１時間毎）に各照明装置Ａ２’に対して監視結果を返信するように要求するコマンドデータを順次送信しており、このコマンドデータを受信した照明装置Ａ２’では、電圧検出部９で検出する２次電池１の電池電圧や充電検出部８で検出する充電の有無などの検出結果（監視結果）を制御装置Ｂ’に返信する。そして、制御装置Ｂ’では照明装置Ａ２’から返信された監視結果を点検結果とともに記憶手段に記憶する。
【００８７】
而して、制御装置Ｂ’が備える判断手段は、各照明装置Ａ２’毎に３ヶ月に１回行われる定期点検の結果と監視結果を総合的に判断し、両者のうちで相対的に精度が高い方の結果を優先し、このように優先順位が高い方の結果を表示手段で表示したり、あるいはその結果をフロアモニタＤに送信してフロアモニタＤの表示手段に表示させる。
【００８８】
このように本実施形態では、制御装置Ｂ’が判断手段を備えて点検結果と監視結果の双方を総合的に判断して２次電池１やランプ２の異常の有無を判断しているから、個々の照明装置Ａ２毎に判断部１１が異常の有無を判断する場合に比較して点検作業の一層の省力化が図れるものである。
【００８９】
（実施形態１３）
本実施形態の照明システムは、実施形態７と共通の構成を有しているので図示は省略する。本実施形態が実施形態７と異なる点は、実施形態７では消防庁告示などの法令で規定されている定期点検、並びに２次電池１の充電状態を常時（例えば、１時間毎に）監視する常時監視の２通りの結果でしか異常を検出していないのに対し、本実施形態では、定期点検の他に施工直後の初期に行う初期点検、定期点検よりも点検時間が短く且つ頻度の高い予備定期点検、２次電池１の累積充電時間、点灯回路部６の累積動作時間、充電部５の累積動作時間、ランプ２の累積点灯時間を長期間（例えば、２４時間毎）に監視する長期監視の各機能（モード）を追加し、これら５通りの結果から異常を検出する点に特徴がある。
【００９０】
これら５通りの機能（モード）は、例えば、縦軸を各照明装置Ａ２、横軸を時間とした図２２に示すスケジュールに従って実行される。同図において、■は定期点検を示しており、本実施形態では６ヶ月に１回の頻度で実施される。また、▲は初期点検を示しており、本システムの施工直後に一旦２次電池１を満充電してから所定の点検時間以上、２次電池１からの電力供給でランプ２を点灯させて定期点検と同じ内容の点検を行う。但し、この初期点検は実際の稼働前に実施されるから、全ての照明装置Ａ２について同時に実施しても支障はないが、数台ずつに分けて実施しても構わない。
【００９１】
図２２において●は予備定期点検を示しており、月に１回の頻度で実施されるが、定期点検と同様に全ての照明装置Ａ２について同時に実施せずに時間をずらして順次実施される。この予備定期点検では各照明装置Ａ２の２次電池１の寿命がチェックされる。すなわち、制御装置Ｂから予備定期点検の開始を指令するコマンドデータが各照明装置Ａ２に順次送信され、そのコマンドデータを受信した照明装置Ａ２においては、制御部７が商用電源ＡＣからの電力供給を２次電池１からの電力供給に切り換えて短時間（例えば、５分間）だけランプ２を点灯させた後、判断部１１にて電池電圧が規定値以上であれば合格、規定値未満であれば不合格と判断し、その結果を制御装置Ｂに送信する。ここで、上記合否判定では定期点検と異なり、「明らかな合格」、「明らかな不合格」、「判定不能」の３つの場合があり、「判定不能」とは周囲温度や部品のばらつき等の影響で短時間の放電では判断できない場合を指す。なお、予備定期点検で「判定不能」と判断された照明装置Ａ２に対して定期点検の頻度を高く、例えば３か月に１回とすればよい。このような予備定期点検を実施することによって、定期点検よりも早期に「明らかな不合格」となる照明装置Ａ２を検出することができる。
【００９２】
一方、長期監視は図２２において破線で示しており、各照明装置Ａ２にて２４時間毎に実施される。各照明装置Ａ２では、２次電池１の累積充電時間、点灯回路部６の累積動作時間、充電部５の累積動作時間、ランプ２の累積点灯時間を２４時間毎に検出し、その検出値を記憶部１２に更新記憶しており、それぞれの検出値が所定の判定値を越えれば判断部１１にて「不合格」と判断し、その結果を制御装置Ｂに送信する。
【００９３】
ここで、一般に２次電池の寿命の考え方はその使用方法により大きく二つに分けられる。一つは、携帯オーディオ機器のように充電と放電を交互に繰り返す「サイクル使用」の場合であって充放電回数により寿命が決まり、もう一つは、微少電流で常時充電しておいて主電源（商用電源）が遮断されたときだけ非常用として使用する「スタンバイ使用」の場合であって充電時間（動作時間）により寿命が決まる。本発明に係る照明装置Ａ２では後者の「スタンバイ使用」で２次電池１を使用しているから、２次電池１の累積充電時間を管理することで２次電池１の寿命を知ることができる。また、ランプ２についても点灯時間による定格寿命が定められているから、累積点灯時間を管理することでランプ２の寿命を知ることは容易である。さらに、充電部５や点灯回路部６に使用されている電解コンデンサが相対的に短寿命の部品であり、所定の温度環境下における動作保証期間が部品製造者から提供されているため、累積動作時間を管理することで充電部５並びに点灯回路部６の設計上の寿命を推測することが可能である。
【００９４】
このように２次電池１の累積充電時間、点灯回路部６の累積動作時間、充電部５の累積動作時間、ランプ２の累積点灯時間を長期間監視することにより、定期点検や予備定期点検あるいは常時監視の結果だけでなく、理論的に把握される２次電池１やランプ２などの寿命の検出を含めて総合的に異常検出を行うことができて異常検出（寿命検出）の信頼性が向上する。また、寿命を検出することで交換が必要な部品を予め用意しておくことも可能となる。
【００９５】
ところで、寿命を検出して２次電池１やランプ２あるいはその他の部品を交換した場合、記憶部１２に記憶している交換された部品等に関するデータ（例えば、２次電池１の累積充電時間など）を初期化しなければならない。そこで、２次電池１やランプ２の交換を検知する検知手段を照明装置Ａ２に設け、検知手段で交換が検知されたときに制御部７にて記憶部１２の記憶内容から該当部品に関するデータを初期化するようにしている。あるいは、手動のリセットスイッチを照明装置Ａ２に設けておき、２次電池１やランプ２等を交換した作業者が該当部品に対応したリセットスイッチを操作することにより、制御部７が記憶部１２の記憶内容から該当部品に関するデータを初期化するようにしても構わない。
【００９６】
なお、本実施形態では各照明装置Ａ２が判断部１１を備えているが、実施形態１２と同様に制御装置Ｂ’に判断手段を備える構成とし、複数の照明装置Ａ２’の点検結果や監視結果の記憶、合否判断並びに異常検出を制御装置Ｂ’で一括して行うようにしてもよい。この場合、各照明装置Ａ２’では２４時間毎に直前の２４時間内に２次電池１やランプ２等の交換の有無を制御装置Ｂ’に送信し、制御装置Ｂ’では部品の交換がなければ記憶手段に記憶している監視結果を更新し、部品の交換があれば監視結果を初期化する。
【００９７】
（実施形態１４）
一般に２次電池においては、図２４に示すように寿命末期に近付くに従って内部抵抗が上昇して放電容量が低下することが判っている。故に、内部抵抗が判れば２次電池１の寿命を予測することが可能である。ここで、放電時における２次電池１の電池電圧Ｖは、回路電圧をＥ、放電電流をＩ、内部抵抗をＲとしたときに下記の式で表される。
【００９８】
Ｖ＝Ｅ−Ｉ×Ｒ
充電電流が小さい場合には充電時の電池電圧を回路電圧Ｅとみなし得るから、充電時の電池電圧と放電時の電池電圧の差（これを「電圧降下率」と呼ぶ）ΔＶは下記の式で表される。
【００９９】
ΔＶ＝Ｅ−Ｖ＝Ｉ×Ｒ
すなわち、上記電圧降下率ΔＶが内部抵抗Ｒに比例することから、電圧降下率ΔＶを検出することで２次電池１の寿命を判断することができる。
【０１００】
そこで本実施形態では、予備定期点検の際に照明装置Ａ２にて電圧降下率ΔＶを検出して２次電池１の寿命を判断している。そこで、この予備定期点検における制御部７の動作について図２３のフローチャートを参照して説明する。
【０１０１】
制御部７では、記憶部１２に記憶されている常用監視での２次電池１の監視結果が正常か否かを判断し（ステップ１）、正常でなければ２次電池１の異常と判断し（ステップ２）、その点検結果（２次電池１に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して予備定期点検を中止する（ステップ４）。
【０１０２】
一方、常用監視の監視結果が正常であれば、制御部７はスイッチ素子Ｑをオンして２次電池１の放電を開始し（ステップ５）、点灯検出部１０の検出結果からランプ２の点灯、不点灯を判別し（ステップ６）、不点灯であればランプ２の異常と判断する（ステップ７）。そして、その点検結果（ランプ２に異常発生）を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を中止する（ステップ４）。
【０１０３】
また、点灯検出部１０でランプ２の点灯が検出されれば、判断部１１はステップ５の放電開始時点からタイマによりカウントし始めた経過時間が所定の点検時間Ｔ１（例えば、５分）に達するまで２次電池１の放電を継続する（ステップ８）。そして、経過時間が点検時間Ｔ１に達すれば電圧降下率ΔＶを検出し（ステップ９）、検出した電圧降下率ΔＶを所定のしきい値Ｖ１と比較する（ステップ１０）。そして、電圧降下率ΔＶがしきい値Ｖ１以上であれば、判断部１１は２次電池１が異常であると判断し（ステップ１１）、反対に電圧降下率ΔＶがしきい値Ｖ１未満であれば、判断部１１は２次電池１が正常であると判断し（ステップ１２）、それぞれの点検結果を記憶部１２に記憶した後（ステップ３）、２次電池１の放電を終了して点検を終了する（ステップ４）。
【０１０４】
このようにして本実施形態では、２次電池１を長時間放電させずにその寿命を検出することができる。
【０１０５】
（実施形態１５）
本実施形態は、照明装置Ａ２（又はＡ１）において、制御部７が電圧検出部９により検出される電池電圧と充電検出部８で検出される充電の有無とから２次電池１が交換されたか否かを判断し、２次電池が交換されたと判断した場合には少なくとも２次電池１に関するそれまでの点検結果並びに監視結果を初期化する点に特徴があり、その他の構成及び動作は実施形態７（又は実施形態１）と共通である。よって、実施形態７（又は実施形態１）と共通の構成要素には同一の符号を付して図示並びに説明は省略する。
【０１０６】
次に、図２５のフローチャートを参照して常時監視における制御部７の動作について説明する。
【０１０７】
制御部７では、判断部１１が記憶部１２に記憶されている点検結果を読み込み（ステップ１２）、充電検出部８により充電電流が検出されているか否かを判別し（ステップ１３）、充電電流が検出されなければ２次電池１の点検結果を初期化して正常とするとともに（ステップ１４）、２次電池１が外れていると判断する（ステップ１５）。また、充電電流が検出された場合、判断部１１はステップ１２で読み込んだ点検結果から２次電池１の正常、異常を判別し（ステップ１６）、点検結果が異常であれば２次電池１に異常が発生していると判断する（ステップ１７）。さらに、点検結果が正常である場合、判断部１１は電圧検出部９で検出される充電中の電池電圧が所定のしきい値以上か否かを判別し（ステップ１８）、電池電圧がしきい値未満であれば、２次電池１に異常が発生していると判断し（ステップ１９）、電池電圧がしきい値以上であれば、２次電池１は正常と判断する（ステップ２０）。そして、ステップ１２からステップ２０の処理は定期点検が行われている間を除いて周期的に繰り返し行われており、各回の監視結果（２次電池１の正常、異常）が記憶部１２に記憶されている。
【０１０８】
ここで、異常が検出された２次電池１を交換した場合を考えると、交換後の正常な２次電池１には充電電流が流れているから判断部１１にて点検結果により２次電池１の正常、異常が判別されるが（ステップ１６）、このときには２次電池１の点検結果が初期化されて正常となっている（ステップ１４）ので正常と判別されることになる。すなわち、異常が検出された２次電池１を新しい２次電池１に交換するだけで点検結果を初期化することができるから、交換に伴って特別に初期化の作業を行う必要がなく、初期化のし忘れによって２次電池１の異常が誤検出されるのを防ぐこともできる。
【０１０９】
（実施形態１６）
ところで、２次電池１の電池電圧等の複数の状態を一日のうちに何度も検出する場合、周囲温度等の影響を大きく受けるために時刻や季節等の監視時の条件によって正常、異常の判断が異なることがあり、同一部品に対する監視結果が変化することが多くなって異常検出の精度が低下してしまう虞がある。
【０１１０】
そこで本実施形態では、制御装置Ｂ’の判断手段が、各照明装置Ａ２’の点検結果又は監視結果のデータを取得して保存し、保存した点検結果又は監視結果の履歴に基づいて照明装置Ａ２’における異常の有無を判断するようにしており、この点に本実施形態の特徴がある。なお、これ以外の構成及び動作は実施形態１２と共通であるから図示並びに説明は省略する。
【０１１１】
例えば、図２６に示すように何らかの原因で照明装置Ａ２’の監視結果が正常と異常を繰り返している場合に対して、制御装置Ｂ’の判断手段において判断期間（例えば、監視結果の１０回分）を設定し、判断期間のうちに所定回数（例えば、５回）の異常を検出すれば異常が発生していると判断するようにすればよい。
【０１１２】
あるいは、図２７に示すように異常の監視結果が散発的に検出される場合に対して、制御装置Ｂ’の判断手段において異常が検出された総数が所定値（例えば５回）を越えた時点で異常と判断するようにすればよい。
【０１１３】
また、図２８に示すように常時監視が一日のうちの特定の時刻に実施され、ある特定の時刻における監視結果のみが異常となる場合に対して、そのような状況では気温等の要因が監視結果に大きく関わっていると考えられるので、制御装置Ｂ’の判断手段では特定の時刻でのみ異常となる場合には正常と判断するようにすればよい。
【０１１４】
さらに、図２９に示すように制御装置Ｂ’においては監視結果や２次電池１の交換をその実施時刻とともに記憶手段に記憶しており、例えば、２次電池１の交換から一月しか経過していない時点で異常が検出されても判断手段にて異常と判断せず、１０年後の監視結果で異常が検出されたら判断手段にて異常と判断するというように、２次電池１の新しさを含めて判断するようにすればよい。
【０１１５】
このように本実施形態では、１回の点検結果又は監視結果だけでなく、過去数回分の結果を含めて総合的に異常の有無を判断することによって、異常検出の精度を向上することができる。なお、判断手段にて異常と判断した場合に、制御装置Ｂ’に設けた表示灯を点灯させて異常表示を行ったり、あるいは異常が検出された照明装置Ａ２’が具備する表示灯を点灯させて異常表示を行うようにしても構わない。
【０１１６】
（実施形態１７）
一般に、２次電池１の放電時間は温度特性を有しており、常温（例えば２０±５℃）より高温であっても低温であっても短くなる。従って、点検時の温度が常温に近い温度であってその結果が正常であったとしても、実際の非常時が常温よりも高温若しくは低温であると必要な放電時間（ランプ２の点灯時間）が得られないことが予想される。逆に温度環境を考慮して正常、異常を判断するしきい値に充分なマージンを持たせると正常な２次電池１が異常と誤判断される可能性がある。
【０１１７】
そこで本実施形態は、２次電池１の周囲温度を検出する温度検出部を照明装置Ａ１（又はＡ２又はＡ２’）に設け、制御部７において、温度検出部で検出する周囲温度に応じて２次電池１の放電特性を補正し、最も温度条件が悪い場合を想定して２次電池の異常を検出しており、この点に本実施形態の特徴がある。但し、これ以外の構成及び動作は実施形態１又は実施形態７又は実施形態１２と共通であるから、図示並びに説明は省略する。
【０１１８】
照明装置Ａ１の制御部７では、最も条件の悪い温度（例えば、−１０℃）において２０分間放電した後の電池電圧をＶ（−１０）、−５℃における２０分間放電後の電池電圧をＶ（−５）、０℃における２０分間放電後の電池電圧をＶ（０）、温度４０℃における２０分間放電後の電池電圧をＶ（４０）というように主な周囲温度に対して２０分間放電後の電池電圧のデータを事前にデータテーブルとして記憶している。そして、実際に点検（２０分間の放電）を行った結果、温度検出部で検出された周囲温度が３０℃であり、電圧検出部９で検出された放電後の電池電圧がｖ［Ｖ］とすると、ｖ×Ｖ（−１０）／Ｖ（３０）の式から最も条件の悪い−１０℃での値に補正し、その補正後の値（電池電圧）をしきい値と比較して制御部７により異常の有無を判断する。
【０１１９】
このように点検時と実際の停電時との周囲温度の違いを考慮して２次電池１の異常を検出することで点検の精度が向上できる。
【０１２０】
【発明の効果】
請求項１の発明は、光源となるランプと、ランプに電力供給する２次電池と、外部の常用電源から電力供給を受けて２次電池を充電する充電手段と、少なくとも常用電源が停電したときに２次電池からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる点灯手段と、点灯手段により所定の点検時間以上強制的にランプを点灯させて２次電池の点検を行う点検手段と、少なくとも２次電池の充電状態を含む１乃至複数の動作状態を常時監視する監視手段と、点検手段による点検結果と監視手段による監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池並びにランプの異常を検出する異常検出手段とを備えたことを特徴とし、従来のように点検手段による点検結果のみならず、監視手段による監視結果と合わせて総合的に判断しているから、２次電池の点検精度の向上が図れる。
【０１２１】
請求項２の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、ランプの点灯を検出する点灯検出部と、２次電池の電圧を検出する電圧検出部とを有し、監視手段は、充電手段による２次電池の充電の有無を検出する充電検出部を有することを特徴とし、点検時に２次電池の放電によってランプが点灯していることを確認することで２次電池の異常を高い精度で検出することができる。
【０１２２】
請求項３の発明は、請求項２の発明において、常用電源からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる常用点灯手段を備え、監視手段は、常用点灯手段によるランプの点灯・不点灯を検出する点灯検出部を有することを特徴とし、点灯監視部の監視結果からランプの異常を早期に検出することができる。
【０１２３】
請求項４の発明は、請求項１の発明において、常用電源が停電後に復電してからの経過時間をカウントする時間カウント手段を備え、点検手段は、時間カウント手段によってカウントされる経過時間が所定時間に達するまでは点検を開始しないことを特徴とし、停電時に放電された２次電池が復電後に満充電されるまでは点検が開始されないから、満充電されていない状態で２次電池の点検が行われるのを防ぐことができる。
【０１２４】
請求項５の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、点検時間が互いに異なる複数の点検モードを有し、異常検出手段は、点検時間が相対的に長い点検モードの点検結果を点検時間が相対的に短い点検モードの点検結果よりも優先することを特徴とし、２次電池の点検精度をさらに向上できる。
【０１２５】
請求項６の発明は、請求項１の発明において、少なくとも、定期的に行う定期点検モードの他に施工直後の初期に行う初期点検モード又は定期点検モードよりも点検時間が短く且つ頻度の高い予備定期点検モードの少なくとも何れか一方を点検手段が有するか、あるいは２次電池の累積充電時間、点灯手段の累積動作時間、充電手段の累積動作時間、ランプの累積点灯時間のうちの少なくとも何れかを監視手段が監視することを特徴とし、２次電池の点検精度をさらに向上できるとともに２次電池以外のランプ、充電手段、点灯手段などの異常検知も可能となる。
【０１２６】
請求項７の発明は、請求項１の発明において、点検手段は、点検の際に２次電池の電池電圧がメモリ効果を生じない程度に低下するまで放電させることを特徴とし、いわゆるメモリ効果が生じて本来正常である２次電池が異常と誤検出されうのを防ぐことができる。
【０１２７】
請求項８の発明は、請求項６の発明において、異常検出手段は、点検手段による点検時間の短い点検モード又は予備定期点検モードにおいて充電時と放電時の電圧降下率が所定のしきい値以上であるときを２次電池の異常とすることを特徴とし、電圧降下率が２次電池の内部抵抗に比例することから、電圧降下率をしきい値と比較することで２次電池の異常（寿命）を検出することができる。
【０１２８】
請求項９の発明は、請求項８の発明において、点検手段は２次電池の電圧を検出する電圧検出部を有し、監視手段は充電手段による２次電池の充電の有無を検出する充電検出部を有し、異常検出手段は電圧検出部により検出される電池電圧と充電検出部で検出される充電の有無とから２次電池が交換されたか否かを判断し、２次電池が交換されたと判断した場合には少なくとも２次電池に関するそれまでの点検結果並びに監視結果を初期化することを特徴とし、交換前の点検結果や監視結果によって交換後の２次電池の異常が誤検出されるのを防ぐことができる。
【０１２９】
請求項１０の発明は、請求項１の発明において、異常検出手段は、２次電池の周囲温度を検出する温度検出部を有し、温度検出部で検出する周囲温度に応じて２次電池の放電特性を補正し、最も温度条件が悪い場合を想定して２次電池の異常を検出することを特徴とし、点検時と実際の停電時との周囲温度の違いを考慮して２次電池の異常を検出することができる。
【０１３０】
請求項１１の発明は、請求項１の発明において、２次電池は互いに並列接続される複数の電池セルからなり、点検手段は、点検時に各電池セルを個別に点灯手段と接続して放電させることを特徴とし、２次電池を複数の電池セル毎に点検できるから、点検中あるいは点検後の充電中に常用電源が停電した場合でも必要な点灯時間が確保できずに安全上の問題が生じるリスクを小さくできる。
【０１３１】
請求項１２の発明は、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、照明装置の点検結果又は監視結果のデータを取得して保存し、保存した点検結果又は監視結果の履歴に基づいて照明装置における異常の有無を判断する判断手段を具備したことを特徴とし、１回の点検結果又は監視結果だけでなく、過去数回分の結果を含めて総合的に異常の有無を判断することによって、異常検出の精度が向上する。
【０１３２】
請求項１３の発明は、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置と、制御装置との間でデータの授受を行う管理センタとを備え、ランプや２次電池を含む構成部品の交換に関する情報を記憶する記憶手段を各照明装置に具備し、制御装置又は制御装置を経由した管理センタにて照明装置の記憶手段に記憶した前記情報を取得することを特徴とし、管理センタにおいて照明装置の構成部品の交換に関する情報を取得することで異常が検出された照明装置に必要な交換部品を予め用意することができてメンテナンス作業の省力化が図れる。
【０１３３】
請求項１４の発明は、請求項１〜１１の何れかに記載された複数の照明装置と、各照明装置との間でデータの授受を行う制御装置とを備え、制御装置との間で通信するための通信手段を各照明装置に具備するとともに、常用電源の停電時には２次電池から通信手段への電力供給を行わないことを特徴とし、非常時における電力消費を抑えることでランプを必要な時間だけ確実に点灯させることができる。
【０１３４】
請求項１５の発明は、光源となるランプ、ランプに電力供給する２次電池、外部の常用電源から電力供給を受けて２次電池を充電する充電手段、少なくとも常用電源が停電したときに２次電池からの電力供給でランプを点灯させる点灯手段、点灯手段により所定の点検時間以上強制的にランプを点灯させて２次電池の点検を行う点検手段、少なくとも２次電池の充電状態を含む１乃至複数の動作状態を常時監視する監視手段、点検結果や監視結果を含むデータを信号線を介して授受する通信手段を具備する１乃至複数の照明装置と、各照明装置と信号線を介して接続される制御装置とを備え、制御装置は、信号線を介して各照明装置から受信する点検結果と監視結果を総合的に判断して２次電池並びにランプの異常を検出する異常検出手段を具備することを特徴とし、１乃至複数の照明装置における２次電池やランプの異常を制御装置で一括して検出することができるから異常検出の精度向上と点検作業の省力化が図れる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施形態１の照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図２】同上における定期点検の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図３】同上における定期点検時の動作を説明するための説明図である。
【図４】同上における常時監視の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図５】実施形態２における定期点検の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図６】実施形態３における定期点検の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図７】実施形態４における点検の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図８】実施形態５の照明装置を示す要部の概略回路構成図である。
【図９】同上の他の構成を示す要部の概略回路構成図である。
【図１０】同上のさらに他の構成を示す要部の概略回路構成図である。
【図１１】実施形態６の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図１２】同上における充電検出部の回路構成図である。
【図１３】実施形態７の照明システムを示すシステム構成図である。
【図１４】同上における照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図１５】実施形態８の照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図１６】実施形態９の照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図１７】実施形態１０の照明システムを示すシステム構成図である。
【図１８】実施形態１１の照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図１９】同上の他の構成の照明装置を示すブロック図である。
【図２０】実施形態１２の照明システムを示すシステム構成図である。
【図２１】同上におけるフロアモニタの外観図である。
【図２２】実施形態１３の動作説明図である。
【図２３】実施形態１４の照明装置の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図２４】同上の動作説明図である。
【図２５】実施形態１５の照明装置の動作説明用のフローチャートである。
【図２６】実施形態１６の動作説明図である。
【図２７】同上の動作説明図である。
【図２８】同上の動作説明図である。
【図２９】同上の動作説明図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ１　照明装置
１　２次電池
２　ランプ
５　充電部
６　点灯回路部
７　制御部
８　充電検出部
９　電圧検出部
１０　点灯検出部
１１　判断部
１２　記憶部[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lighting device and a lighting system that turn on a lamp with an emergency power supply such as a secondary battery when a normal power supply such as an induction light or an emergency light fails.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Emergency lighting devices such as guide lights and emergency lights turn on (emergency lighting) the lamp with an emergency power supply consisting of a secondary battery in the event of a power outage due to a fire or earthquake, etc. It is obligated by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency notice and the Building Standards Law to periodically check whether or not the work is performed properly.
[0003]
Normally, an emergency lighting device is provided with a switch for forcibly stopping the power supply from a commercial power supply (commercial power supply) to the lamp and setting a pseudo power failure state. Inspection of the secondary battery is performed by operating the hanging drawstring and turning on the switch to supply power from the secondary battery and make the lamp emergency light. Here, according to the provisions of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency and the Building Standards Law, power is supplied from a secondary battery to turn on the lamp effectively for 20 or 60 minutes in the case of a guide light and 30 minutes in the case of an emergency light. In general, the inspector must suspend the weight on the drawstring to turn on the switch and monitor whether the lamp can be effectively turned on within the specified time. . In addition, since guide lights and emergency lights are generally installed at a plurality of locations in a building, it is necessary to look around and inspect each of the plurality of lighting devices, which is very troublesome for an inspector. It was work.
[0004]
In view of the above, various types of lighting devices have been conventionally proposed in which the above-described secondary battery inspection work is automated and labor-saving. For example, an emergency lighting device described in Patent Literature 1 includes a lighting unit that supplies power from a commercial power supply to turn on a lamp, a charging unit that is connected to the commercial power supply and charges a secondary battery, and a commercial power supply. And control means for controlling power supply from the secondary battery to the lamp and having a check sequence means for the secondary battery, and timer means for starting operation of the check sequence means when the check switch is turned on for a predetermined time or more. A comparison means for comparing a predetermined inspection time and a lamp lighting time after the start of the inspection sequence, and a display means for displaying a comparison result (inspection result) by the comparison means. That is, if the inspector turns on the inspection switch for a short time, the termination of the inspection work is determined by the inspection sequence means, and if there is an abnormality in the secondary battery, it is displayed on the display means, so that labor of the inspection work can be saved. is there.
[0005]
Patent Document 2 discloses an AC / DC lighting device in which a lamp for disaster prevention, a secondary battery, and a lamp that is lit by power supply from a commercial power supply at all times and is lit by power supply from a secondary battery in the event of a power failure. A plurality of disaster prevention lighting devices having a transmission / reception unit for external monitoring and control, and an inspection switch, and a control device for collectively monitoring and controlling the emergency and normal operation of each disaster prevention lighting device. There is described an illumination system that includes an inspection signal from the disaster prevention lighting device to the control device only when an inspection signal is received from the control device. That is, it is not necessary for each disaster prevention lighting device to individually determine whether lamp replacement is necessary, and the control device can collectively manage the lamp replacement time. In addition, since a target disaster prevention lighting device can be selected from a plurality of disaster prevention lighting devices and individually inspected, the inspection can be performed with a time lag.
[0006]
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a plurality of individual emergency lighting units, a central monitoring and control unit, and a communication system connecting the two, and the individual emergency lighting units and the central monitoring and control unit in which the communication system is connected in a loop. Including the transmitter / receiver unit provided in the above, the addressing of each individual emergency lighting unit can be easily performed, the diagnosis result of the secondary battery performed in the past can be stored, and the operation history of the individual emergency lighting unit can be known. Lighting systems are described.
[0007]
Factors affecting the life of the secondary battery include a short circuit due to dendrite (resin-like crystal) and an increase in internal resistance. In the former, the dendrite on the negative electrode surface grows due to the repetition of the charge / discharge cycle, and penetrates the separator that separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, causing a short circuit between the electrodes. Even if it is normal, a short circuit may occur immediately after that, and the life may end. In addition, the latter rise of the internal resistance may gradually progress, and it is impossible to judge them by the state of charge, so that it cannot be judged that discharge is not performed. That is, it is considered that it is extremely difficult to detect the deterioration of the secondary battery due to the above-described factors by inspection once every three months.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-185987 (pages 4 to 5, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-8-180980 (pages 2 to 3, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-3-228497 (Pages 2 to 3, FIG. 10)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, in the device described in Patent Document 1, the end of the inspection is automatically determined according to the inspection sequence, so that the inspector can save the trouble of measuring the inspection time and save labor of the inspection work. There is still time left for an operator to operate the check switches of emergency lighting devices scattered throughout the building. On the other hand, in the device described in Patent Literature 2, the inspection can be automatically performed by transmitting an inspection signal from the control device to each lighting device, but the lamp is simply detected by detecting the presence or absence of the lamp current. In the state where the lamp is not able to maintain sufficient illuminance (lamp failure state), it is erroneously determined that the rechargeable battery having insufficient power supply capability is normal even if the lamp does not maintain sufficient illuminance. There was a possibility that it would happen. Further, in Patent Document 3, an individual lighting unit that has received a diagnostic start command from a control unit turns on a lamp with a secondary battery, monitors the battery voltage, light output, and current consumption. Time, voltage, and current are recorded, but if the state of the secondary battery is to be determined with high accuracy based on those records, a person (administrator) must make the determination. Abbreviation was insufficient.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device and a lighting system capable of improving inspection accuracy of a secondary battery.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a lamp serving as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, and charging means for receiving power from an external regular power supply and charging the secondary battery. A lighting means for lighting a lamp by supplying power from a secondary battery at least when a commercial power supply fails, and an inspection means for forcibly lighting the lamp by a lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or more to inspect the secondary battery. Monitoring means for constantly monitoring at least one or a plurality of operating states including at least the state of charge of the secondary battery; abnormality of the secondary battery and the lamp by comprehensively judging an inspection result by the inspection means and a monitoring result by the monitoring means. Abnormality detecting means for detecting
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the inspection means has a lighting detection unit for detecting lighting of the lamp and a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage of the secondary battery, and the monitoring means includes a charging unit. A charging detection unit that detects whether the secondary battery is charged by the means.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a regular lighting unit for lighting the lamp by supplying power from a regular power supply, and the monitoring unit detects the lighting / non-lighting of the lamp by the regular lighting unit. It has a part.
[0014]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a time counting means for counting an elapsed time after the normal power supply is restored after the power failure, and the checking means comprises an elapsed time counted by the time counting means. Inspection is not started until a predetermined time is reached.
[0015]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the inspection means has a plurality of inspection modes having different inspection times, and the abnormality detection means inspects the inspection result of the inspection mode having a relatively long inspection time. It is characterized by giving priority to the inspection result of the inspection mode in which the time is relatively short.
[0016]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 1, in which at least the inspection time is shorter and more frequent than in the initial inspection mode or the periodic inspection mode performed immediately after the construction, in addition to the periodic inspection mode performed periodically. The inspection means has at least one of the periodic inspection modes, or at least one of the cumulative charging time of the secondary battery, the cumulative operating time of the lighting means, the cumulative operating time of the charging means, and the cumulative lighting time of the lamp. The monitoring means monitors.
[0017]
The invention of claim 7 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the inspection means discharges the battery voltage of the secondary battery at the time of the inspection until the battery voltage drops to such an extent that the memory effect does not occur.
[0018]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect of the present invention, the abnormality detecting means is such that a voltage drop rate at the time of charging and at the time of discharging in the inspection mode or the preliminary periodic inspection mode in which the inspection time is short is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold. It is characterized in that when the condition is, the secondary battery is abnormal.
[0019]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the eighth aspect, the checking means has a voltage detecting unit for detecting a voltage of the secondary battery, and the monitoring means detects whether or not the secondary battery is charged by the charging means. The abnormality detecting means determines whether or not the secondary battery has been replaced based on the battery voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit and the presence or absence of charging detected by the charging detecting unit, and determines whether the secondary battery has been replaced. When it is determined that the secondary battery has been checked, at least the inspection result and the monitoring result of the secondary battery up to that time are initialized.
[0020]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the abnormality detecting means has a temperature detecting section for detecting an ambient temperature of the secondary battery, and the abnormality detecting means detects the temperature of the secondary battery in accordance with the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detecting section. Discharge characteristics are corrected, and abnormality of the secondary battery is detected on the assumption that the temperature condition is the worst.
[0021]
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the secondary battery comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel to each other, and the inspection means connects each battery cell individually to the lighting means at the time of inspection to discharge. It is characterized by the following.
[0022]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a plurality of lighting devices according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, and a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device is provided. The control device acquires and stores data of the inspection result or the monitoring result of the lighting device, and includes a determination unit that determines whether there is an abnormality in the lighting device based on the history of the stored inspection result or monitoring result. Features.
[0023]
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, a plurality of lighting devices according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device, A control center for exchanging data with the device; and a storage unit for storing information on replacement of components including a lamp and a secondary battery in each lighting device, via the control device or the control device. The management center acquires the information stored in the storage unit of the lighting device.
[0024]
According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, there are provided the plurality of lighting devices according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, and a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device. Each lighting device is provided with communication means for communicating with the control device, and power is not supplied from the secondary battery to the communication means at the time of power failure of the commercial power supply.
[0025]
According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lamp serving as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, a charging unit for receiving power from an external regular power supply and charging the secondary battery. Lighting means for lighting a lamp by power supply from a secondary battery when a power failure occurs, inspection means for forcibly lighting a lamp by a lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or more to inspect a secondary battery, at least secondary One or a plurality of lighting devices including a monitoring means for constantly monitoring one or a plurality of operating states including a state of charge of a battery, a communication means for transmitting and receiving data including inspection results and monitoring results via a signal line; The control device is connected to the device via a signal line. The control device comprehensively determines the inspection result and the monitoring result received from each lighting device via the signal line, and determines whether the secondary battery and the lamp are different. Characterized by comprising an abnormality detecting means for detecting.
[0026]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 1, a lighting device A1 according to the present embodiment includes a secondary battery 1 serving as an emergency power supply, a lamp 2 including an incandescent lamp and a discharge lamp, and a power supply connected to a normal power supply (commercial power supply AC). An inspection switch 3 for opening and closing the path, a power supply circuit section 4 connected to the power supply path via the inspection switch 3 to reduce and stabilize the AC supplied from the commercial power supply AC to obtain a desired DC, and a power supply circuit section 4 A charging unit 5 for charging the secondary battery 1 with the DC power output from the secondary battery 1, a lighting circuit unit 6 for lighting the lamp 2 by power supply from the secondary battery 1, and a lighting circuit unit 6 from the secondary battery 1 to the lighting circuit unit 6. A switch element Q for opening and closing the power supply path, a control unit 7 for detecting a power failure and restoration of the commercial power supply AC to turn on and off the switch element Q and for detecting an abnormality of the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2; Indicator light 13 to notify detection The provided always are those supplied with power from the commercial power source AC to charge the secondary battery 1, to turn on the lamp 2 is very light in power supply from the secondary battery 1 when the commercial power source AC failure.
[0027]
The control unit 7 includes, as a main component, a microcomputer having a built-in timer function, a charge detection unit 8 that detects the presence or absence of a charging current flowing from the charging unit 5 to the secondary battery 1, and a voltage of the secondary battery 1 (hereinafter, referred to as “ A voltage detector 9 for detecting the "battery voltage"), a lighting detector 10 for measuring the current (lamp current) flowing from the lighting circuit unit 6 to the lamp 2 to detect the lighting or non-lighting of the lamp 2; A determination unit 11 for comprehensively determining the abnormality of the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 based on the detection results of the units 8, 9, and 10 and a storage unit 12 including a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM. In addition, the control unit 7 has a lighting circuit unit 6 to forcibly turn on the lamp 2 for a predetermined inspection time or longer to check the secondary battery 1 and a monitoring function for constantly monitoring the state of charge of the secondary battery 1. And That is, in the present embodiment, the inspection unit and the monitoring unit are configured by the control unit 7, and the abnormality detection unit is configured by the determination unit 11. Note that the indicator light 12 is formed of a light emitting diode, and emits light when driven by the determination unit 11.
[0028]
Thus, when power is being supplied from the commercial power source AC (always), the charging unit 5 charges the secondary battery 1 and the control unit 7 turns off the switch element Q to turn off the lamp 2. However, when power supply from the commercial power supply AC is stopped due to a power failure (emergency), the charging detection unit 8 stops detecting the charging current and the power failure is detected. When Q is turned on, power can be supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the lighting circuit section 6, and the lamp 2 is turned on. Then, when the power supply from the commercial power supply AC is resumed due to the power recovery, the charging detection unit 8 detects the charging current to detect the power recovery, and the control unit 7 turns off the switching element Q, and The power supply from the next battery 1 to the lighting circuit unit 6 is stopped, and the lamp 2 is turned off.
[0029]
By the way, also in the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment, as described in the related art, the inspection required by the Fire Service Agency notification and the Building Standard Law (whether emergency lighting by the secondary battery 1 is performed normally or not) is performed. Inspection) must be performed periodically (for example, once every three months). Therefore, the operation of the control unit 7 in this periodic inspection (hereinafter, referred to as “periodic inspection”) will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0030]
First, when the power supply from the commercial power supply AC is stopped by forcibly turning off the inspection switch 3 and the power supply is forcibly put into a power failure state, the determination unit 11 that has detected the power failure from the detection result of the charge detection unit 8 It is determined whether or not the monitoring result (described later) of the secondary battery 1 during normal use stored in the storage unit 12 is normal (step 1). Here, if the monitoring result of the secondary battery 1 during normal use is not normal, the determination unit 11 determines that the secondary battery 1 is abnormal (step 2), and turns on or blinks the indicator lamp 13 to notify the occurrence of the abnormality. At the same time, the inspection result (abnormality of the secondary battery 1) is stored in the storage unit 12 (Step 3), and the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated to stop the inspection (Step 4).
[0031]
On the other hand, if the monitoring result of the secondary battery 1 in normal use is normal, the control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to start discharging the secondary battery 1 (step 5), and the detection result of the lighting detection unit 10 Then, it is determined whether the lamp 2 is on or off (step 6), and if not, it is determined that the lamp 2 is abnormal (step 7). Then, the display lamp 13 is turned on or blinked to notify the occurrence of an abnormality, and the inspection result (the occurrence of an abnormality in the lamp 2) is stored in the storage unit 12 (step 3), and the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated. To stop the inspection (step 4).
[0032]
When the lighting detection unit 10 detects that the lamp 2 is turned on, the determination unit 11 compares the battery voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 9 with a predetermined reference value (hereinafter, referred to as a “discharge reference voltage”). (Step 8) If the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the discharge reference voltage, the process returns to Step 6 to determine whether the lamp 2 is turned on or off. When the secondary battery 1 is discharged and the battery voltage falls below the discharge reference voltage, the determination unit 11 determines that the elapsed time that the timer has started counting from the discharge start point in step 5 is a predetermined inspection time T1 (for example, a general inspection time T1). It is determined whether or not the emergency light is longer than 30 minutes (60 minutes for the long-time type) (step 9). If the elapsed time is less than the inspection time T1, an abnormality has occurred in the secondary battery 1. It is determined that there is (step 10). Then, the display lamp 13 is turned on or blinked to notify the occurrence of the abnormality, and the inspection result (the occurrence of the abnormality in the secondary battery 1) is stored in the storage unit 12 (step 3). The inspection is terminated and the inspection is stopped (step 4).
[0033]
On the other hand, if the elapsed time is equal to or longer than the inspection time T1, the determination unit 11 determines that the secondary battery 1 is normal (step 11), and stores the inspection result (the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 are normal) in the storage unit. After the storage in step 12 (step 3), the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated and the inspection is terminated (step 4).
[0034]
Thus, if the lamp 2 is normally lit at the time of inspection of the secondary battery 1, the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 decreases as shown by the curve A in FIG. The elapsed time from (time t = t0 in FIG. 3) does not fall below the discharge reference voltage Vr before the inspection time T1 has passed, and the battery voltage at the time when the inspection time T1 has passed is equal to or higher than the discharge reference voltage Vr. Thus, it can be determined whether the secondary battery 1 is normal or abnormal. In addition, when the lamp 2 is not lit due to an abnormality in the lamp 2, the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 hardly decreases as shown by the curve B in FIG. Although the voltage may become higher than the discharge reference voltage Vr and the secondary battery 1 may be determined to be normal, in the present embodiment, the lighting detection unit 10 detects whether the lamp 2 is turned on or off during inspection, and If the lamp 2 is not lit, the inspection is stopped. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the inspection of the secondary battery 1 from being incorrect due to the non-lighting of the lamp 2.
[0035]
In addition, in the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment, the state is monitored without discharging the secondary battery 1 at all times other than the periodic inspection described above. Therefore, the operation of the control unit 7 in this constant monitoring will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0036]
In the control unit 7, the determination unit 11 reads the inspection result stored in the storage unit 12 (step 12), and determines whether or not the charging current is detected by the charging detection unit 8 (step 13). If is not detected, it is determined that the secondary battery 1 is disconnected (step 14). When the charging current is detected, the judging unit 11 judges whether the secondary battery 1 is normal or abnormal based on the inspection result read in step 12 (step 15). It is determined that an abnormality has occurred (step 16). Further, if the inspection result is normal, the judging section 11 judges whether or not the battery voltage during charging detected by the voltage detecting section 9 is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold (Step 17), and the battery voltage is thresholded. If it is less than the value, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the secondary battery 1 (step 18), and if the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the threshold value, it is determined that the secondary battery 1 is normal (step 19). The processing from step 12 to step 19 is periodically repeated except during the periodical inspection, and the monitoring result of each time (normal or abnormal of the secondary battery 1) is stored in the storage unit 12. Have been.
[0037]
Thus, in the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment, the state of the secondary battery 1 is constantly monitored in addition to the regular inspection performed once every three months. Are determined comprehensively to determine whether the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 are abnormal. For example, priorities are set in advance for the periodic inspection results and the monitoring results, and a result with a higher priority is selected and displayed. The light 13 is displayed. As described above, in the lighting device A1 according to the present embodiment, not only the regular inspection result but also the monitoring result are comprehensively determined as in the related art, so that the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery can be improved. .
[0038]
(Embodiment 2)
By the way, it is said that a so-called memory effect occurs in NiCd batteries and NiH batteries which are widely used as secondary batteries, but this phenomenon is temporary and is usually solved by performing deep discharge. Is what you do. However, when a memory effect occurs in the secondary battery 1, there is a possibility that the battery voltage near the discharge stop every time during the periodic inspection is repeated and the secondary battery 1 is erroneously determined to be abnormal.
[0039]
Therefore, in the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment, during the periodic inspection, the secondary battery 1 is discharged until the battery voltage drops to such an extent that the memory effect does not occur. This is a feature of the present embodiment. Note that the configuration of the illumination device A1 in the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus illustration and description are omitted.
[0040]
The operation of the control unit 7 in the periodic inspection will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. However, as is clear from FIG. 5, the operations from step 1 to step 11 are common to the operation of the periodic inspection in the first embodiment, and therefore the description is omitted. In the present embodiment, when the determination unit 11 determines that the secondary battery 1 is normal, the control unit 7 sets the battery voltage to a voltage at which the memory effect does not occur (this is called a “discharge stop voltage”). For example, the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is continued until the voltage drops to 1.0 V (= 1.0 V / cell) or less per one of a plurality of battery cells constituting the secondary battery 1 (step 12). Then, when the battery voltage becomes equal to or lower than the discharge stop voltage, the inspection result is stored in the storage unit 12 (step 3), and the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated to terminate the inspection (step 4).
[0041]
As described above, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the memory effect from being generated in the secondary battery 1 by discharging the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 at the time of the periodic inspection until the battery voltage is reduced to such an extent that the memory effect is not generated. In addition, it is possible to prevent the otherwise normal secondary battery 1 from being erroneously detected due to a memory effect. In the case where the control unit 7 performs a plurality of inspections, for example, an inspection in which the secondary battery 1 is discharged for a relatively short period (once a week) and a short inspection time (about one minute) is performed. When performing the above-described periodic inspection, it is desirable to discharge the secondary battery 1 deeply as described above during the inspection (the periodic inspection) in which the inspection cycle and the inspection time are relatively long. .
[0042]
(Embodiment 3)
In the second embodiment, when the lamp 2 can be turned on for the inspection time or more at the time of the periodic inspection, the discharge is continued until the battery voltage falls below the discharge stop voltage, thereby preventing the secondary battery 1 from having a memory effect. However, there is a possibility that the secondary battery 1 has been discharged due to emergency lighting or the like due to a power failure between the previous periodic inspection and the current periodic inspection, and a shallow charge / discharge cycle is repeated to produce a memory effect. Therefore, even if the memory effect is eliminated in the previous periodic inspection, there is a possibility that an abnormality in the secondary battery 1 is erroneously detected due to the memory effect in the current periodic inspection.
[0043]
Therefore, in the lighting device A1 of this embodiment, the secondary battery 1 is once deeply discharged at the time of the periodic inspection to eliminate the memory effect, and then charged again to perform the original periodic inspection. Note that the configuration of the illumination device A1 in the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus illustration and description are omitted.
[0044]
The operation of the control unit 7 in the periodic inspection will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. However, as is clear from FIG. 6, the operations other than the operations from step 5 to step 7 are the same as those of the periodic inspection in the first embodiment, and therefore the description is omitted. In the present embodiment, if the monitoring result of the secondary battery 1 in normal use is normal, the control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to start discharging the secondary battery 1 (step 5). The discharge of the secondary battery 1 is continued until the voltage drops below the discharge stop voltage (step 6), and then the switch element Q is turned off to charge the secondary battery 1 for a preset charging time Tx ( Step 7) When the charging time Tx has elapsed, the switch element Q is turned on to start discharging (Step 8). The charging time Tx may be set to a time necessary and sufficient to fully charge the discharged secondary battery 1 until the battery voltage becomes equal to or less than the discharge stop voltage. In some cases, it takes about 24 hours.
[0045]
As described above, in the present embodiment, at the time of the periodic inspection, the secondary battery 1 is once deeply discharged to eliminate the memory effect and then charged again to perform the original periodic inspection. Even if a memory effect occurs in the secondary battery 1 before the current periodic inspection, it is possible to prevent the abnormality of the secondary battery 1 from being erroneously detected.
[0046]
(Embodiment 4)
When the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment has a plurality of inspection modes having different inspection times, the inspection result of the inspection mode having a relatively long inspection time is compared with the inspection result of the inspection mode having a relatively short inspection time. The feature is that it takes precedence over the result. Note that the configuration of the illumination device A1 in the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus illustration and description are omitted.
[0047]
The operation of the control unit 7 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0048]
When the inspection is started (Step 1), the control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to start discharging the secondary battery 1 (Step 2), and at the same time, starts counting the elapsed time T by the timer (Step 3). ). Then, it is determined whether the lamp 2 is turned on or off from the detection result of the lighting detection unit 10 (step 4). If not, it is determined that the lamp 2 is abnormal (step 5), and the indicator lamp 13 is turned on or blinks. Then, the occurrence of an abnormality is notified, and the result of the inspection (the occurrence of an abnormality in the lamp 2) is stored in the storage unit 12 (Step 6). Then, the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated and the inspection is stopped (Step 7). .
[0049]
If the lighting detection unit 10 detects that the lamp 2 is turned on, the judgment unit 11 compares the battery voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 9 with a discharge reference voltage (step 8), and the secondary battery 1 is discharged. When the battery voltage falls below the discharge reference voltage, the determination unit 11 stores the elapsed time Ta = T of the timer at that time and stops the timer (step 9). Further, the judging section 11 judges whether or not the elapsed time Ta exceeds a predetermined judgment time T1 (for example, 20 minutes) (Step 10), and judges that the rechargeable battery 1 is normal if it exceeds. (Step 11), and stores the inspection result (the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 are normal) in the storage unit 12 (Step 6), ends the discharge of the secondary battery 1, and ends the inspection. (Step 7).
[0050]
On the other hand, when the elapsed time Ta is equal to or shorter than the determination time T1, the determination unit 11 compares the previous elapsed time Tb with the current elapsed time Ta (step 12), and determines whether the current elapsed time Ta is equal to or shorter than the previous elapsed time Tb. If there is, the discharge is terminated without judging the inspection result and the inspection is stopped (step 7). On the other hand, if the previous elapsed time Tb exceeds the current elapsed time Ta, the determination unit 11 substitutes the current elapsed time Ta for the elapsed time Tb (step 13), and the secondary battery 1 has an abnormality. It is determined that an error has occurred (step 14). Then, the display lamp 13 is turned on or blinked to notify the occurrence of the abnormality, and the inspection result (the occurrence of the abnormality in the secondary battery 1) and the elapsed time Tb are stored in the storage unit 12 (step 6). Inspection is terminated and the inspection is stopped (step 7).
[0051]
When the inspection time elapses and the inspection is completed in a state where the battery voltage does not fall below the discharge reference voltage (step 15), the elapsed time Tc = T at that time is stored and the timer is stopped (steps 16 and 17). . Then, the determination unit 11 compares the previous elapsed time Tb with the current elapsed time Tc (step 18). If the current elapsed time Tc is equal to or less than the previous elapsed time Tb, the discharge is performed without determining the inspection result. The inspection is terminated and the inspection is stopped (step 7). On the other hand, if the current elapsed time Tc exceeds the previous elapsed time Tb, it is determined that the secondary battery 1 is normal (step 11). Then, after storing the inspection result (the secondary battery 1 is normal) and the elapsed time Tb obtained by substituting the current elapsed time Tc in the storage unit 12 (step 6), the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is completed and the inspection is performed. Is ended (step 7).
[0052]
As described above, in the present embodiment, when a plurality of inspection modes having different inspection times are provided, the inspection time is long, that is, the inspection result which is considered to be more accurate is determined with priority. As a result, the inspection accuracy can be improved. For example, when the inspection time in the previous inspection mode is 15 minutes and the inspection time in the current inspection mode is 5 minutes, when an abnormality is detected in the previous inspection mode but no abnormality is detected in the current inspection mode. However, by giving priority to the inspection result of the previous inspection mode having a long inspection time and judging the abnormality, it is possible to satisfy the originally required performance (no abnormality occurs within the judgment time of 20 minutes).
[0053]
(Embodiment 5)
As shown in FIG. 8, the lighting device A1 of this embodiment includes a plurality of battery cells 1 in which the secondary batteries 1 are connected in parallel with each other. ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Consisting of individual battery cells 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ And a selection switching unit 14 for individually connecting / disconnecting the battery cell 1 and the lighting circuit unit 6. ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Are individually connected to the lighting circuit unit 6 to discharge. However, since the basic configuration of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.
[0054]
A plurality (four in the present embodiment) of battery cells 1 constituting the secondary battery 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Have a capacity one-fourth of the required capacity of the secondary battery 1, and are connected in parallel with the charging unit 5 and the lighting circuit unit 6 via the selection switching unit 14. I have. The selection switching unit 14 controls each battery cell 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ And a series circuit of diodes D11, D21, D31, D41 and switch elements SW11, SW21, SW31, SW41 connected between the positive electrode and the lighting circuit section 6 with the anode on the positive electrode side, and each battery cell 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ And a series circuit of diodes D12, D22, D32, and D42 and switch elements SW12, SW22, SW32, and SW42 connected with the cathode as the positive electrode side between the positive electrode and the charging section 5. The switch elements SW11,... Comprise a semiconductor switch element such as a bipolar transistor, a MOSFET or a triac, a relay, or the like, and are individually turned on and off by the control unit 7.
[0055]
Normally, the control unit 7 turns off all of the switch elements SW11, SW21, SW31, and SW41, and turns on all of the switch elements SW12, SW22, SW32, and SW42. ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Is connected to the charging unit 5 and charged. In an emergency, the control unit 7 turns on all of the switch elements SW11, SW21, SW31, and SW41, and turns off all of the switch elements SW12, SW22, SW32, and SW42. ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Is connected to the lighting circuit unit 6 to supply power to the lamp 2.
[0056]
On the other hand, at the time of inspection, the control unit 7 turns on one of the switch elements SW11, SW21, SW31, SW41 (for example, SW11) and turns off all other switch elements SW12,. One battery cell 1 selected by the switching unit 14 ₁ ,... Are connected to the lighting circuit unit 6 and discharged, and the individual battery cells 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ An inspection is performed each time.
[0057]
Thus, the inspection of the secondary battery 1 is performed on a plurality of battery cells 1. ₁ ~ 1 ₄ By performing each operation individually, it is possible to secure at least three-quarters of the lighting time in the case where the commercial power supply AC fails and the emergency lighting is started during inspection or during charging after inspection. The required lighting time cannot be secured due to the shortage of the capacity of the secondary battery 1 and the risk of causing a safety problem can be reduced. In addition, one battery cell 1 ₁ Even if the battery life has expired, the other three battery cells 1 ₂ ~ 1 ₄ Thus, the original lighting time of three quarters can be secured.
[0058]
In this embodiment, four battery cells 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ Are connected in parallel to form the secondary battery 1, but one battery cell 1 ₁ ~ 1 ₄ If the required voltage cannot be secured only by using the plurality of battery cells 1 as shown in FIG. ₁₁ ~ 1 ₁₄ ,... May constitute a series circuit. In addition, as shown in FIG. ₅ Is added, it is possible to always secure the necessary lighting time including the period during the inspection and until the replacement.
[0059]
(Embodiment 6)
In the lighting device A1 of the present embodiment, the control unit 7 counts the elapsed time after the commercial power supply AC is restored after a power failure, and the counted elapsed time is the time required for the secondary battery 1 to be fully charged. (Charging time) is characterized in that the inspection is not started until it reaches (Charging time). Note that the configuration of the illumination device A1 in the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus illustration and description are omitted.
[0060]
The operation of the control unit 7 in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0061]
If the commercial power supply AC is out of power, the control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to make the lamp 2 emergency light by the power supply from the secondary battery 1 (steps 1 and 2). The timer counts the time elapsed since the power was restored. The control unit 7 monitors the operation state of the check switch 3. When detecting that the check switch 3 is operated at all times when the commercial power supply AC is not interrupted, the elapsed time up to that point is equal to or less than the secondary battery. It is determined whether the time required to fully charge 1 (for example, 24 hours) has been exceeded (step 3), and if it has been exceeded, the switch element Q is turned on to perform an inspection process (step 4). If it does not perform inspection processing.
[0062]
As described above, in the present embodiment, since the inspection is not started until the secondary battery 1 discharged at the time of the power failure is fully charged after the power recovery, the inspection of the secondary battery 1 is performed in a state where the secondary battery 1 is not fully charged. Can be prevented. As a result, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 1 that is not fully charged from being erroneously detected as abnormal by inspection.
[0063]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the charge detection unit 8 is configured by a detection resistor R inserted in the charging path from the charging unit 5 to the secondary battery 1, and a comparator CP that compares the voltage across the detection resistor R, During charging, a potential drop occurs across the detection resistor R due to a voltage drop due to the charging current, and the output of the comparator CP becomes H level. When the secondary battery 1 is fully charged, the charging current stops flowing and both ends of the detection resistor R The control unit 7, which detects that the check switch 3 is operated at all times when the commercial power supply AC is not out of power, makes the charge detection unit 8 full. The inspection process may be performed only when charging is detected. In other words, when there is a power outage of about several seconds before the inspection and the capacity of the secondary battery 1 is very slightly reduced, it is better to determine the full charge of the secondary battery 1 based on the elapsed time after the power recovery. As described above, when the full charge is determined based on the charging current, the time from when the rechargeable battery 1 is fully charged and the inspection process can be started can be significantly reduced.
[0064]
(Embodiment 7)
FIG. 13 shows a system configuration diagram of the illumination system of the present embodiment, and FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of the illumination device A2. The lighting system according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of lighting devices A2 and a control device B that exchanges data with each lighting device A2 via a communication line Ls.
[0065]
The illumination device A2 according to the present embodiment does not include the inspection switch 3 and the indicator light 13 as shown in FIG. 14, a communication unit 15 for exchanging data via the communication line Ls, and an address for communication. The configuration is the same as that of any one of the illumination devices A1 of the first to sixth embodiments except that the configuration includes an address setting unit 16 for setting the illumination device A1. Therefore, the same components as those in any of the first to sixth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.
[0066]
The address setting unit 16 is configured by a dip switch, and can set a group number for specifying a group including a plurality of lighting devices A2 in addition to an address unique to each lighting device A2. Sometimes address setting is performed.
[0067]
The control device B includes communication means for exchanging data with the lighting device A2 via the communication line Ls, control means including a microcomputer, and a non-volatile memory such as an EEPROM. However, since such a control device B can be realized by a conventionally well-known technique, the detailed configuration is not shown and described.
[0068]
In the present embodiment, the control device B designates a unique address of each lighting device A2, periodically transmits (for example, once every three months) command data for starting inspection, and sequentially receives the command data. In the device A2, the control unit 7 interprets the command data received by the communication unit 15, starts the inspection process, turns on the switch element Q, turns on the lamp 2 by the power supply from the secondary battery 1, and turns on each lamp. Periodic inspection is performed for each lighting device A2 according to a command from the control device B. In addition, each lighting device A2 constantly monitors the state of the secondary battery 1 separately from the periodic inspection performed once every three months, and the determination unit 11 comprehensively determines the inspection result and the monitoring result of the periodic inspection. Then, the presence or absence of an abnormality in the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 is comprehensively determined, and a result with a higher priority is selected and transmitted to the control device B. Therefore, even if the person who performs the inspection work does not go to the installation location of each lighting device A2 and performs the inspection, the control device B can grasp the inspection result of each lighting device A2, and the labor of the inspection work can be reduced. Person.
[0069]
(Embodiment 8)
In the first to seventh embodiments described above, the lighting devices A1 and A2 configured as emergency lights that always turn off the lamp 2 and turn on the lamp 2 in an emergency have been described. A3 is configured as an emergency light or a guide light for turning on the lamp 2 both at all times and in an emergency. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, the output of the power supply circuit unit 4 is input not only to the charging unit 5 but also to the lighting circuit unit 6, so that the lamp 2 is always lit by the power supply from the commercial power supply AC, The control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to turn on the lamp 2 by supplying power from the secondary battery 1. In this embodiment, since the lamp 2 is always turned on, it is necessary to add the detection of turning on and off the lamp 2 to the monitoring items at all times.
[0070]
Thus, in the present embodiment, similarly to the first to seventh embodiments, the state of the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 is constantly monitored in addition to the periodic inspection performed once every three months in the lighting device A3, The determination unit 11 comprehensively determines the inspection result and the monitoring result of the periodic inspection and comprehensively determines whether the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 are abnormal, thereby improving the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery 1. The abnormality of the lamp 2 can be detected at an early stage.
[0071]
(Embodiment 9)
As shown in FIG. 16, the lighting device A4 of this embodiment includes a regular lighting circuit unit 17 separately from the emergency lighting circuit unit 6 and lighting circuits 6 and 17 connected to the lamp 2 in an emergency and always. And a switching unit 18 for switching.
[0072]
The regular lighting circuit section 17 is for lighting the lamp 2 by supplying power from the commercial power supply AC, and detects whether the lamp 2 is constantly turned on or off based on the presence or absence of a lamp current, and outputs the detection result. The signal is output from the unit 17a to the lighting detection unit 10 of the control unit 7. The switching operation of the switching unit 18 is controlled by the control unit 7, and the lighting circuit 17 is connected to the lamp 2 at all times, and the lighting circuit unit 6 is connected to the lamp 2 in an emergency.
[0073]
Thus, in the present embodiment, the same effect as in the eighth embodiment is obtained, and further, the determination unit 11 constantly turns on or off the lamp 2 based on the detection result output from the output unit 17a of the lighting circuit unit 17. Since the determination is made, the abnormality of the lamp 2 can be detected at an early stage.
[0074]
(Embodiment 10)
As shown in FIG. 17, the lighting system according to the present embodiment transmits and receives data between a plurality of lighting devices A2, a control device B that exchanges data with each of the lighting devices A2, and a control device B. And a storage unit 12 of the lighting device A2, and stores the information on replacement of components including the lamp 2 and the secondary battery 1 in the storage unit 12 of the lighting device A2. It is characterized in that it is obtained at the management center C via B. However, since the configurations of the lighting device A2 and the control device B are common to those of the seventh embodiment, the description is omitted.
[0075]
The management center C is installed at a place remote from the place where the lighting device A2 and the control device B are installed, and is connected to the control device B via a communication network NW such as a public telephone line network. It is composed of a communication device and a computer for exchanging data between the devices, an external storage device for storing data, a display device for displaying data, and the like. Since the management center C having such a configuration can be realized by a conventionally known technique, a detailed description is omitted.
[0076]
In the lighting device A2, information such as the product number of the lamp 2, the product number of the fixture used for arranging the lamp 2, and the product number of the secondary battery 1 (hereinafter, referred to as “product number information”) is stored in advance in the storage unit. The part number information stored in the storage unit 12 and read from the storage unit 12 in response to a request from the control device B is transmitted from the communication unit 15 to the control device B via the communication line Ls. However, the product number information is registered in a database provided in the control device B, and a number corresponding to the product number information registered in the database is set in the lighting device A2 by a dip switch, and set by the dip switch. Alternatively, the control device B may receive the assigned number from the lighting device A2 and acquire the part number information corresponding to the number by referring to the database. Further, regardless of a request from the control device B, the part number information of the component determined to be abnormal after the inspection may be transmitted from the lighting device A2 to the control device B spontaneously.
[0077]
On the other hand, the control device B transmits the product number information of each lighting device A2 via the communication network NW in response to a request from the management center C, and the management sensor C transmits the plurality of lighting devices A2 via the control device B. Can be obtained. That is, the worker usually goes to the site where the lighting device A2 is installed and performs an inspection. If an abnormality is found by the inspection, the part number of the abnormal part is checked, and the replacement part corresponding to the part number is checked by the operator. In the present embodiment, since the part number of the part in which an abnormality is found in the inspection can be known from the part number information acquired at the management center C, the worker who goes to the site However, it is only necessary to bring and replace a replacement part, and there is an advantage that the replacement work (maintenance work) of the part can be largely saved.
[0078]
(Embodiment 11)
The present embodiment is characterized in that the power supply from the secondary battery 1 to the communication unit 15 is not performed during a power failure (emergency) of the commercial power supply AC in each lighting device A2.
[0079]
As shown in FIG. 18, power is supplied from the power supply circuit unit 4 to the control unit 7 and the communication unit 15, and power can also be supplied to the control unit 7 from the secondary battery 1 via the diode Da. However, power is not supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the communication unit 15. That is, while power is always supplied from the commercial power supply AC, power is supplied from the power supply circuit unit 4 to both the control unit 7 and the communication unit 15, but in an emergency, the power supply from the commercial power supply AC is stopped. Then, the communication unit 15 does not operate, and the control unit 7 operates by supplying power from the secondary battery 1.
[0080]
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 19, a configuration may be employed in which a relay contact r that is turned on only when the power supply circuit unit 4 is operating is inserted in a power supply path from the power supply circuit unit 4 to the communication unit 15. That is, when power is supplied from the commercial power supply AC, the relay contact r is turned on, and power is supplied from the power supply circuit section 4 to both the control section 7 and the communication section 15; The power supply circuit unit 4 stops operating, the power supply circuit unit 4 does not operate, the relay contact r is turned off, the communication unit 15 does not operate, and the control unit 7 operates with power supply from the secondary battery 1.
[0081]
As described above, in the lighting device A2 of the present embodiment, power is not supplied from the secondary battery 1 to the communication unit 15 when the commercial power supply AC is out of power (emergency). By suppressing it, the lamp 2 can be reliably turned on for a necessary time. Although the illustration of the charging unit 5 and the switch element Q is omitted in FIGS. 18 and 19, the basic configuration is common to the lighting device A2 of the seventh embodiment.
[0082]
(Embodiment 12)
As shown in FIG. 20, the lighting system according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of lighting devices A2 ′, a control device B ′ that exchanges data with each lighting device A2 ′ via a communication line Ls, and a plurality of lighting devices A2 ′. And a floor monitor D connected between the lighting device A2 ′ and the control device B ′ via a communication line Ls.
[0083]
The illumination device A2 ′ according to the present embodiment has the same configuration as the illumination device A2 according to the seventh embodiment except that the illumination device A2 ′ does not include the determination unit 11, and thus illustration and description are omitted. On the other hand, the control device B ′ in the present embodiment includes a determination unit having the same function as the determination unit 11 of the lighting device A2. However, this determination means is realized by a microcomputer constituting the control means.
[0084]
Further, the floor monitor D is a communication means for exchanging data with the lighting device A2 'and the control device B' via the communication line Ls, a storage means such as an EEPROM, a control means comprising a microcomputer for controlling the whole, a CRT, It is provided with display means and the like made of a liquid crystal display. As shown in FIG. 21, the floor monitor D has the above-described units housed in a rectangular box-shaped housing 20 made of a synthetic resin, and a screen 21 of a display unit faces the front of the housing 20 to perform various settings and the like. Is provided on the front surface of the housing 20. However, since such a floor monitor D can be realized by a conventionally well-known technique, illustration and description of a detailed configuration will be omitted.
[0085]
In the present embodiment, the control device B ′ designates a unique address for each lighting device A2 ′, and periodically (eg, once every three months) sequentially transmits inspection start command data. In the illuminating device A2 'that has received the data, the control unit 7 interprets the command data received by the communication unit 15, starts an inspection process, turns on the switch element Q, and turns on the lamp 2 by power supply from the secondary battery 1. Then, a periodic inspection is performed for each lighting device A2 'according to a command from the control device B'. In addition, it is also possible to carry out an inspection in parallel for each lighting device A2 'of the same system connected to the same floor monitor D. The result of the periodic inspection is transmitted from each lighting device A2 'to the control device B' via the communication line Ls from the communication unit 15, and the control device B 'stores the inspection result received from each lighting device A2'. Store in the means.
[0086]
Further, the control device B 'sequentially transmits command data requesting each lighting device A2' to return a monitoring result at a very short cycle (for example, every hour) as compared with the periodic inspection. In the lighting device A2 ′ receiving the command data, the control device B determines the detection result (monitoring result) such as the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 detected by the voltage detection unit 9 and the presence or absence of charging detected by the charge detection unit 8. Reply to ' Then, the control device B 'stores the monitoring result returned from the lighting device A2' in the storage means together with the inspection result.
[0087]
The determination means provided in the control device B ′ comprehensively determines the result of the regular inspection performed once every three months for each lighting device A2 ′ and the monitoring result, and the accuracy is relatively high among the two. The result with the higher priority is given priority, and the result with the higher priority is displayed on the display means, or the result is transmitted to the floor monitor D and displayed on the display means of the floor monitor D.
[0088]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the control device B ′ includes the determination unit and comprehensively determines both the inspection result and the monitoring result to determine whether the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2 are abnormal. Compared with the case where the determination unit 11 determines whether or not there is an abnormality for each lighting device A2, the inspection work can be further labor-saving.
[0089]
(Embodiment 13)
The illumination system according to the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the seventh embodiment, and is not illustrated. The difference between the present embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that in the seventh embodiment, the periodic inspection prescribed by laws and regulations such as the Fire Service Notification and the state of charge of the secondary battery 1 are constantly monitored (for example, every hour). In this embodiment, the inspection time is shorter and more frequent than the initial inspection immediately after the construction and the periodic inspection, in addition to the periodic inspection, in which the abnormality is detected only in two kinds of results of the constant monitoring. Preliminary periodic inspection, long-term monitoring of the cumulative charging time of the secondary battery 1, the cumulative operating time of the lighting circuit unit 6, the cumulative operating time of the charging unit 5, and the cumulative lighting time of the lamp 2 for a long period (for example, every 24 hours) The feature is that each function (mode) of monitoring is added, and abnormality is detected from these five results.
[0090]
These five functions (modes) are executed according to, for example, a schedule shown in FIG. 22 in which the vertical axis represents each lighting device A2 and the horizontal axis represents time. In the figure, the symbol “■” indicates a periodic inspection, which is performed once every six months in this embodiment. In addition, ▲ indicates an initial inspection, and after the secondary battery 1 is fully charged immediately after the installation of the present system, the lamp 2 is turned on by the power supply from the secondary battery 1 for a predetermined inspection time or longer to periodically perform the inspection. Perform the same inspection as the inspection. However, since this initial inspection is performed before the actual operation, there is no problem if the initial inspection is performed simultaneously for all the lighting devices A2, but the initial inspection may be performed separately for several units.
[0091]
In FIG. 22, ● indicates a preliminary periodic inspection, which is performed once a month, but is not performed simultaneously for all the lighting devices A2 but is sequentially performed at staggered times as in the case of the periodic inspection. In this preliminary periodic inspection, the life of the secondary battery 1 of each lighting device A2 is checked. That is, command data for instructing the start of the preliminary periodic inspection is sequentially transmitted from the control device B to each lighting device A2, and in the lighting device A2 that has received the command data, the control unit 7 supplies power from the commercial power supply AC. After switching to the power supply from the secondary battery 1 and lighting the lamp 2 for a short time (for example, 5 minutes), the determination unit 11 passes if the battery voltage is equal to or higher than a specified value, and if the battery voltage is lower than the specified value. Judge as reject, and transmit the result to the control device B. Here, in the pass / fail judgment, unlike the periodic inspection, there are three cases of “obvious pass”, “obvious reject”, and “impossible to judge”. It refers to the case where it cannot be determined in a short time discharge due to the influence. It should be noted that the frequency of the periodic inspection is high for the lighting device A2 determined to be “undetermined” in the preliminary periodic inspection, for example, once every three months. By performing such a preliminary periodic inspection, it is possible to detect the lighting device A2 that becomes “apparent failure” earlier than the periodic inspection.
[0092]
On the other hand, long-term monitoring is indicated by a broken line in FIG. 22, and is performed every 24 hours in each lighting device A2. In each lighting device A2, the cumulative charging time of the secondary battery 1, the cumulative operating time of the lighting circuit unit 6, the cumulative operating time of the charging unit 5, and the cumulative lighting time of the lamp 2 are detected every 24 hours. When the detected values exceed the predetermined determination values, the determination unit 11 determines that the result is “fail” and transmits the result to the control device B.
[0093]
Here, generally, the concept of the life of a secondary battery is roughly divided into two depending on the method of use. One is the case of "cycle use" where charging and discharging are repeated alternately like portable audio equipment.The life is determined by the number of times of charging and discharging. This is a case of “standby use”, which is used as an emergency only when (commercial power supply) is cut off, and the service life is determined by the charging time (operating time). In the lighting device A2 according to the present invention, the secondary battery 1 is used in the latter “standby use”, so that the life of the secondary battery 1 can be known by managing the accumulated charging time of the secondary battery 1. . In addition, since the rated life of the lamp 2 is determined by the lighting time, it is easy to know the life of the lamp 2 by managing the accumulated lighting time. Furthermore, since the electrolytic capacitor used in the charging unit 5 and the lighting circuit unit 6 is a component having a relatively short life, and the operation guarantee period in a predetermined temperature environment is provided by the component manufacturer, the cumulative operation By managing the time, it is possible to estimate the design life of the charging unit 5 and the lighting circuit unit 6.
[0094]
By monitoring the cumulative charging time of the secondary battery 1, the cumulative operating time of the lighting circuit unit 6, the cumulative operating time of the charging unit 5, and the cumulative lighting time of the lamp 2 for a long period of time, regular inspection, preliminary periodic inspection, or Not only the result of continuous monitoring, but also comprehensive detection of abnormalities including the theoretically grasped life of secondary batteries 1 and lamps 2 can be performed, and the reliability of abnormal detection (life detection) can be improved. improves. Also, by detecting the life, it is possible to prepare in advance the parts that need to be replaced.
[0095]
When the life is detected and the secondary battery 1, the lamp 2, or other components are replaced, data on the replaced components and the like stored in the storage unit 12 (for example, the accumulated charging time of the secondary battery 1, etc.) ) Must be initialized. Therefore, the lighting device A2 is provided with a detecting means for detecting the replacement of the secondary battery 1 and the lamp 2, and when the replacement is detected by the detecting means, the control unit 7 outputs data relating to the corresponding part from the storage contents of the storage unit 12. I try to initialize. Alternatively, a manual reset switch is provided in the lighting device A2, and an operator who has replaced the secondary battery 1, the lamp 2, and the like operates the reset switch corresponding to the corresponding component, so that the control unit 7 Data relating to the corresponding part may be initialized from the stored contents.
[0096]
In this embodiment, each lighting device A2 is provided with the determination unit 11, but as in the twelfth embodiment, the control device B 'is provided with a determination unit, and the inspection results and monitoring results of the plurality of lighting devices A2' are provided. May be collectively performed by the control device B ′. In this case, each lighting device A2 'transmits, to the control device B', every 24 hours, whether the secondary battery 1 or the lamp 2 has been replaced within the immediately preceding 24 hours, and the control device B 'has to replace the components. For example, the monitoring result stored in the storage means is updated, and when the part is replaced, the monitoring result is initialized.
[0097]
(Embodiment 14)
Generally, in a secondary battery, as shown in FIG. 24, it is known that the internal resistance increases and the discharge capacity decreases as the end of life is approached. Therefore, the life of the secondary battery 1 can be predicted if the internal resistance is known. Here, the battery voltage V of the secondary battery 1 at the time of discharging is represented by the following equation, where E is the circuit voltage, I is the discharge current, and R is the internal resistance.
[0098]
V = E-I × R
When the charging current is small, the battery voltage at the time of charging can be regarded as the circuit voltage E. Therefore, the difference between the battery voltage at the time of charging and the battery voltage at the time of discharging (this is called a “voltage drop rate”) ΔV is represented by the following equation. Is represented by
[0099]
ΔV = E−V = I × R
That is, since the voltage drop rate ΔV is proportional to the internal resistance R, the life of the secondary battery 1 can be determined by detecting the voltage drop rate ΔV.
[0100]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, at the time of the preliminary periodic inspection, the lighting device A2 detects the voltage drop rate ΔV to determine the life of the secondary battery 1. Therefore, the operation of the control unit 7 in the preliminary periodic inspection will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
[0101]
The control unit 7 determines whether or not the result of monitoring the secondary battery 1 in the regular monitoring stored in the storage unit 12 is normal (step 1). If not, the control unit 7 determines that the secondary battery 1 is abnormal. (Step 2) After storing the inspection result (abnormality of the secondary battery 1) in the storage unit 12 (Step 3), the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is completed and the preliminary periodic inspection is stopped (Step 4). .
[0102]
On the other hand, if the monitoring result of the regular monitoring is normal, the control unit 7 turns on the switch element Q to start discharging the secondary battery 1 (step 5), and turns on the lamp 2 based on the detection result of the lighting detection unit 10. It is determined that the lamp 2 is not lit (step 6), and if not, it is determined that the lamp 2 is abnormal (step 7). Then, after storing the inspection result (abnormality of the lamp 2) in the storage unit 12 (step 3), the discharge of the secondary battery 1 is terminated and the inspection is stopped (step 4).
[0103]
If the lighting detection unit 10 detects that the lamp 2 is turned on, the determination unit 11 reaches the predetermined inspection time T1 (for example, 5 minutes) when the timer starts counting from the discharge start time in step S5. The discharge of the secondary battery 1 is continued until (step 8). When the elapsed time reaches the inspection time T1, the voltage drop rate ΔV is detected (Step 9), and the detected voltage drop rate ΔV is compared with a predetermined threshold value V1 (Step 10). If the voltage drop rate ΔV is equal to or greater than the threshold value V1, the determination unit 11 determines that the secondary battery 1 is abnormal (step 11), and if the voltage drop rate ΔV is less than the threshold value V1. For example, the determination unit 11 determines that the secondary battery 1 is normal (step 12), stores each inspection result in the storage unit 12 (step 3), terminates the discharge of the secondary battery 1, and performs the inspection. Is ended (step 4).
[0104]
In this manner, in the present embodiment, the life of the secondary battery 1 can be detected without discharging the battery for a long time.
[0105]
(Embodiment 15)
In the present embodiment, in the lighting device A2 (or A1), the control unit 7 determines whether the secondary battery 1 has been replaced based on the battery voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 9 and the presence or absence of charge detected by the charge detection unit 8. It is characterized in that if it is determined that the secondary battery has been replaced, at least the previous inspection result and monitoring result of the secondary battery 1 are initialized, and other configurations and operations are the same as those of the embodiment. 7 (or the first embodiment). Therefore, the same components as those in the seventh embodiment (or the first embodiment) are denoted by the same reference numerals, and illustration and description thereof will be omitted.
[0106]
Next, the operation of the control unit 7 in the constant monitoring will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
[0107]
In the control unit 7, the determination unit 11 reads the inspection result stored in the storage unit 12 (step 12), and determines whether or not the charging current is detected by the charging detection unit 8 (step 13). If is not detected, the inspection result of the secondary battery 1 is initialized to be normal (step 14), and it is determined that the secondary battery 1 is disconnected (step 15). When the charging current is detected, the determination unit 11 determines whether the secondary battery 1 is normal or abnormal from the inspection result read in step 12 (step 16). It is determined that an abnormality has occurred (step 17). Further, if the inspection result is normal, the judging section 11 judges whether or not the battery voltage during charging detected by the voltage detecting section 9 is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold (Step 18), and the battery voltage is thresholded. If it is less than the value, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the secondary battery 1 (step 19), and if the battery voltage is equal to or higher than the threshold value, it is determined that the secondary battery 1 is normal (step 20). The processing from step 12 to step 20 is repeated periodically except during the periodical inspection, and the monitoring result (normal or abnormal of the secondary battery 1) is stored in the storage unit 12 at each time. Have been.
[0108]
Here, considering the case where the secondary battery 1 in which the abnormality is detected is replaced, the charging current flows through the normal secondary battery 1 after the replacement, and the determination unit 11 checks the secondary battery 1 based on the inspection result. Is determined (step 16). At this time, the inspection result of the secondary battery 1 is initialized and is normal (step 14), so that the secondary battery 1 is determined to be normal. In other words, the inspection result can be initialized only by replacing the secondary battery 1 in which the abnormality has been detected with a new secondary battery 1, so that there is no need to perform a special initialization operation along with the replacement. It is also possible to prevent the abnormality of the secondary battery 1 from being erroneously detected due to forgetting to change the configuration.
[0109]
(Embodiment 16)
By the way, when a plurality of states such as the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1 are detected many times in a day, the state is normally or abnormally determined depending on monitoring conditions such as time and season because of the influence of ambient temperature and the like. May be different, and the monitoring result of the same component often changes, and the accuracy of abnormality detection may be reduced.
[0110]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the determination unit of the control device B ′ acquires and saves the data of the inspection result or monitoring result of each lighting device A2 ′, and based on the saved inspection result or monitoring result history, the lighting device A2 ′. The presence or absence of an abnormality in (1) is determined, which is a feature of the present embodiment. Note that other configurations and operations are the same as those of the twelfth embodiment, and thus illustration and description are omitted.
[0111]
For example, as shown in FIG. 26, in the case where the monitoring result of the lighting device A2 'repeats normal and abnormal for some reason, the determining means of the control device B' determines the determination period (for example, 10 times of the monitoring result). May be set, and if a predetermined number of times (for example, 5 times) of abnormality are detected during the determination period, it may be determined that an abnormality has occurred.
[0112]
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 27, when the monitoring result of the abnormality is sporadically detected, the time when the total number of the abnormalities detected by the determination means of the control device B ′ exceeds a predetermined value (for example, five times) May be determined to be abnormal.
[0113]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 28, the constant monitoring is performed at a specific time of the day, and only the monitoring result at a specific time becomes abnormal. Since it is considered that this is largely related to the monitoring result, the determination means of the control device B ′ may determine that the abnormality is normal only at a specific time when it becomes abnormal.
[0114]
Further, as shown in FIG. 29, in the control device B ′, the monitoring result and the replacement of the secondary battery 1 are stored in the storage means together with the execution time, and, for example, only one month has elapsed since the replacement of the secondary battery 1. Even if an abnormality is detected at a point in time when the abnormality is not detected, the determination means does not determine that an abnormality has occurred, and if an abnormality is detected in the monitoring result 10 years later, the determination means determines that an abnormality has occurred. What is necessary is just to make a judgment including the quality.
[0115]
As described above, in the present embodiment, the accuracy of abnormality detection can be improved by comprehensively judging the presence or absence of an abnormality including not only the result of one inspection or the result of monitoring but also the results of several past times. . When it is determined by the determination means that an abnormality has occurred, the indicator lamp provided in the control device B 'is turned on to display an abnormality, or the indicator lamp of the lighting device A2' in which an abnormality is detected is turned on. May be displayed.
[0116]
(Embodiment 17)
Generally, the discharge time of the secondary battery 1 has a temperature characteristic, and becomes shorter regardless of whether it is higher or lower than normal temperature (for example, 20 ± 5 ° C.). Therefore, even if the temperature at the time of inspection is close to room temperature and the result is normal, if the actual emergency is higher or lower than room temperature, the necessary discharge time (lighting time of the lamp 2) will be longer. Not expected. Conversely, if a sufficient margin is provided for the threshold value for determining whether the battery is normal or abnormal in consideration of the temperature environment, the normal secondary battery 1 may be erroneously determined to be abnormal.
[0117]
Therefore, in this embodiment, a temperature detection unit for detecting the ambient temperature of the secondary battery 1 is provided in the lighting device A1 (or A2 or A2 ′), and the control unit 7 controls the temperature in accordance with the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit. The discharge characteristic of the secondary battery 1 is corrected, and an abnormality of the secondary battery is detected on the assumption that the temperature condition is the worst. This point is a feature of the present embodiment. However, other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first embodiment, the seventh embodiment, or the twelfth embodiment.
[0118]
In the control unit 7 of the lighting device A1, the battery voltage after discharging for 20 minutes at the temperature (for example, −10 ° C.) under the worst condition is V (−10), and the battery voltage after discharging for 20 minutes at −5 ° C. is V (-5), the battery voltage after discharging for 20 minutes at 0 ° C. is V (0), and the battery voltage after discharging for 20 minutes at 40 ° C. is V (40). The data of the subsequent battery voltage is stored in advance as a data table. Then, as a result of actual inspection (discharge for 20 minutes), the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is 30 ° C., and the battery voltage after discharge detected by the voltage detection unit 9 is v [V]. Then, a value at −10 ° C., which is the worst condition, is corrected from the equation of v × V (−10) / V (30), and the corrected value (battery voltage) is compared with a threshold to compare with the control unit. 7, the presence or absence of an abnormality is determined.
[0119]
As described above, the accuracy of the inspection can be improved by detecting the abnormality of the secondary battery 1 in consideration of the difference in the ambient temperature between the time of the inspection and the actual power failure.
[0120]
【The invention's effect】
The invention according to claim 1 is a lamp as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, charging means for receiving power from an external regular power supply to charge the secondary battery, and at least when the regular power supply fails Lighting means for lighting the lamp by power supply from the secondary battery, inspection means for forcibly lighting the lamp by the lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or more to check the secondary battery, and charging at least the secondary battery Monitoring means for constantly monitoring one or more operating states including the state; and abnormality detecting means for detecting abnormality of the secondary battery and the lamp by comprehensively judging the inspection result by the inspection means and the monitoring result by the monitoring means. It is characterized by the fact that the judgment is made comprehensively not only with the inspection result by the inspection means as in the past, but also with the monitoring result by the monitoring means, so that the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery can be improved.
[0121]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the inspection means has a lighting detection unit for detecting lighting of the lamp and a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage of the secondary battery, and the monitoring means includes a charging unit. It has a charge detection unit that detects whether or not the secondary battery is charged by the means. By checking that the lamp is lit by discharging the secondary battery at the time of inspection, the abnormality of the secondary battery can be detected with high accuracy. Can be detected.
[0122]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a regular lighting unit for lighting the lamp by supplying power from a regular power supply, and the monitoring unit detects the lighting / non-lighting of the lamp by the regular lighting unit. A lamp abnormality can be detected early from the monitoring result of the lighting monitoring unit.
[0123]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a time counting means for counting an elapsed time after the normal power supply is restored after the power failure, and the checking means comprises an elapsed time counted by the time counting means. The inspection is not started until a predetermined time is reached. Since the inspection is not started until the secondary battery discharged at the time of the power failure is fully charged after the power is restored, the secondary battery is not fully charged. An inspection can be prevented from being performed.
[0124]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the inspection means has a plurality of inspection modes having different inspection times, and the abnormality detection means inspects the inspection result of the inspection mode having a relatively long inspection time. It is characterized by giving priority to the inspection result of the inspection mode in which the time is relatively short, and the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery can be further improved.
[0125]
The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 1, in which at least the inspection time is shorter and more frequent than in the initial inspection mode or the periodic inspection mode performed immediately after the construction, in addition to the periodic inspection mode performed periodically. The inspection means has at least one of the periodic inspection modes, or at least one of the cumulative charging time of the secondary battery, the cumulative operating time of the lighting means, the cumulative operating time of the charging means, and the cumulative lighting time of the lamp. It is characterized in that monitoring is performed by the monitoring means, and the inspection accuracy of the secondary battery can be further improved, and abnormality detection of lamps, charging means, lighting means and the like other than the secondary battery can be performed.
[0126]
The invention of claim 7 is characterized in that, in the invention of claim 1, the inspection means discharges the battery voltage of the secondary battery at the time of the inspection until the battery voltage drops to such an extent that the memory effect does not occur. Thus, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery that is originally normal from being erroneously detected as abnormal.
[0127]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the sixth aspect of the present invention, the abnormality detecting means is such that a voltage drop rate at the time of charging and at the time of discharging in the inspection mode or the preliminary periodic inspection mode in which the inspection time is short is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold. It is characterized in that when is the abnormality of the secondary battery, and the voltage drop rate is proportional to the internal resistance of the secondary battery. Life) can be detected.
[0128]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the invention of the eighth aspect, the checking means has a voltage detecting unit for detecting a voltage of the secondary battery, and the monitoring means detects whether or not the secondary battery is charged by the charging means. The abnormality detecting means determines whether or not the secondary battery has been replaced based on the battery voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit and the presence or absence of charging detected by the charging detecting unit, and determines whether the secondary battery has been replaced. If it is determined that the secondary battery has been replaced, at least the previous inspection result and the monitoring result of the secondary battery are initialized, and the abnormality of the secondary battery after the replacement is erroneously detected based on the inspection result and the monitoring result before the replacement. Can be prevented.
[0129]
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the abnormality detecting means has a temperature detecting section for detecting an ambient temperature of the secondary battery, and the abnormality detecting means detects the temperature of the secondary battery in accordance with the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detecting section. It is characterized by correcting the discharge characteristics and detecting the abnormality of the secondary battery assuming the worst temperature condition, taking into account the difference in ambient temperature between the time of inspection and the actual power failure. An abnormality can be detected.
[0130]
According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the secondary battery comprises a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel to each other, and the inspection means connects each battery cell individually to the lighting means at the time of inspection to discharge. The secondary battery can be inspected for each of a plurality of battery cells. Therefore, even if the normal power supply is interrupted during the inspection or during the charging after the inspection, a necessary lighting time cannot be secured and a safety problem occurs. Risk can be reduced.
[0131]
According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the lighting device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, and a control device that exchanges data with each of the lighting devices. It is characterized by comprising judgment means for acquiring and storing inspection result or monitoring result data, and determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the lighting device based on the history of the stored inspection result or monitoring result. Alternatively, the accuracy of abnormality detection is improved by comprehensively determining the presence / absence of an abnormality including not only the monitoring result but also the results of the past several times.
[0132]
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, a control device that exchanges data with each of the lighting devices, and data exchange between the control device. And a storage unit for storing information relating to replacement of components including lamps and secondary batteries in each lighting device, and storing the lighting device in the control center or the management center via the control device. It is characterized in that the information stored in the means is obtained, and information on replacement of components of the lighting device is obtained in the management center, so that a replacement part necessary for the lighting device in which an abnormality is detected can be prepared in advance. This can save labor for maintenance work.
[0133]
According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the lighting device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, and a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device, and communicates with the control device. In addition to providing communication means for each of the lighting devices, power is not supplied from the secondary battery to the communication means in the event of a power failure, and a lamp is required by suppressing power consumption in an emergency. The lighting can be reliably performed only for the time.
[0134]
The invention according to claim 15 is a lamp serving as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, a charging means for receiving power from an external regular power supply to charge the secondary battery, and a secondary battery when at least the regular power supply is cut off. Lighting means for lighting the lamp by supplying power from the battery; inspection means for forcibly lighting the lamp by the lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or more to inspect the secondary battery; One or more lighting devices including a monitoring means for constantly monitoring a plurality of operating states, and a communication means for transmitting and receiving data including inspection results and monitoring results via signal lines, and connected to each lighting device via signal lines. The control device includes an abnormality detection unit that comprehensively determines an inspection result and a monitoring result received from each lighting device via a signal line and detects abnormality of the secondary battery and the lamp. And characterized in that Bei, 1 or 2 batteries and the lamp abnormality control device laborsaving of inspection work and accuracy of the abnormality detection because it can be collectively detected in the in the plurality of lighting devices can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a lighting device according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of the periodic inspection in the above.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining an operation at the time of periodic inspection in the same.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of constant monitoring in the above.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of a periodic inspection in the second embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining an operation of a periodic inspection in the third embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an inspection operation according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a main part showing a lighting device of a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a main part showing another configuration of the above.
FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a main part showing still another configuration of the above.
FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the sixth embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a circuit configuration diagram of a charging detection unit in Embodiment 1;
FIG. 13 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a lighting system according to a seventh embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the lighting device of the above.
FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a lighting device according to an eighth embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram illustrating a lighting device according to a ninth embodiment.
FIG. 17 is a system configuration diagram illustrating a lighting system according to a tenth embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating a lighting device according to an eleventh embodiment.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a lighting device having another configuration according to the embodiment.
FIG. 20 is a system configuration diagram showing a lighting system according to a twelfth embodiment.
FIG. 21 is an external view of the floor monitor in the above.
FIG. 22 is an operation explanatory diagram of the thirteenth embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the lighting device of the fourteenth embodiment.
FIG. 24 is an explanatory diagram of the above operation.
FIG. 25 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the lighting device of the fifteenth embodiment.
FIG. 26 is an operation explanatory diagram of the sixteenth embodiment.
FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of the above operation.
FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the above.
FIG. 29 is an explanatory diagram of the above operation.
[Explanation of symbols]
A1 Lighting device
1 Secondary battery
2 lamps
5 Charger
6. Lighting circuit
7 control section
8 Charge detector
9 Voltage detector
10 Lighting detector
11 Judgment unit
12 Storage unit

Claims

A lamp serving as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, a charging means for receiving power from an external regular power supply to charge the secondary battery, and an electric power from the secondary battery at least when the regular power supply is cut off Lighting means for lighting the lamp by supply; inspection means for forcibly lighting the lamp by the lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or more to inspect the secondary battery; and one or more inspection means including at least the state of charge of the secondary battery It is characterized by comprising monitoring means for constantly monitoring the operation state, and abnormality detecting means for detecting abnormality of the secondary battery and the lamp by comprehensively judging the inspection result by the inspection means and the monitoring result by the monitoring means. Lighting equipment.

The inspection means has a lighting detection part for detecting lighting of the lamp and a voltage detection part for detecting the voltage of the secondary battery, and the monitoring means has a charge detection part for detecting whether or not the secondary battery is charged by the charging means. The lighting device according to claim 1, further comprising a unit.

3. The lighting device according to claim 2, further comprising: a regular lighting unit for lighting the lamp by supplying power from a regular power source; and the monitoring unit includes a lighting detection unit for detecting whether the lamp is turned on or off by the regular lighting unit. apparatus.

The power supply is provided with time counting means for counting an elapsed time after the power is restored after a power failure, and the inspection means does not start inspection until the elapsed time counted by the time counting means reaches a predetermined time. The lighting device according to claim 1.

The inspection means has a plurality of inspection modes in which the inspection times are different from each other, and the abnormality detection means gives priority to the inspection results in the inspection mode in which the inspection time is relatively long over those in the inspection mode in which the inspection time is relatively short. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein:

At least whether the inspection means has at least one of the preliminary inspection mode in which the inspection time is shorter and more frequent than the initial inspection mode or the periodic inspection mode which is performed immediately after construction, in addition to the periodic inspection mode which is performed periodically. The monitoring means monitors at least one of a cumulative charging time of the secondary battery, a cumulative operating time of the lighting means, a cumulative operating time of the charging means, and a cumulative lighting time of the lamp. Lighting equipment.

The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the inspection means discharges the battery voltage of the secondary battery during the inspection until the battery voltage decreases to a level that does not cause a memory effect.

The abnormality detecting means is characterized in that when the voltage drop rate during charging and discharging is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value in the inspection mode in which the inspection means has a short inspection time or in the preliminary periodic inspection mode, the abnormality of the secondary battery is determined. The lighting device according to claim 6, wherein

The checking means has a voltage detecting section for detecting the voltage of the secondary battery, the monitoring means has a charging detecting section for detecting whether or not the charging of the secondary battery is performed by the charging means, and the abnormality detecting means is detected by the voltage detecting section. It is determined whether or not the secondary battery has been replaced based on the battery voltage to be detected and the presence or absence of charging detected by the charging detection unit. If it is determined that the secondary battery has been replaced, at least The lighting device according to claim 8, wherein the inspection result and the monitoring result are initialized.

The abnormality detecting means has a temperature detecting section for detecting an ambient temperature of the secondary battery, corrects a discharge characteristic of the secondary battery in accordance with the ambient temperature detected by the temperature detecting section, and assumes a case where the temperature condition is the worst. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the abnormality of the secondary battery is detected by detecting the abnormality.

2. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery includes a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel with each other, and the inspection means connects each of the battery cells individually to the lighting means and discharges the battery cell during the inspection.

A plurality of lighting devices according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and a control device for transmitting and receiving data to and from each lighting device, wherein the control device includes data of inspection results or monitoring results of the lighting devices. A lighting system, comprising: acquiring and saving the inspection result; and determining whether or not there is an abnormality in the lighting device based on a history of the saved inspection result or monitoring result.

A plurality of lighting devices according to any one of claims 1 to 11, a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device, and a management center that exchanges data with the control device. A storage unit for storing information on replacement of components including a lamp and a secondary battery is provided in each lighting device, and the information stored in the storage device of the lighting device is stored in a control device or a management center via the control device. A lighting system characterized by acquiring.

A plurality of lighting devices according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and a control device that exchanges data with each lighting device, and a communication unit for communicating with the control device. A lighting system provided in a lighting device, wherein power is not supplied from a secondary battery to a communication unit when a commercial power supply is cut off.

A lamp serving as a light source, a secondary battery for supplying power to the lamp, a charging unit for receiving power from an external regular power supply to charge the secondary battery, and a lamp for supplying power from the secondary battery at least when the regular power supply fails Lighting means for lighting the lamp, inspection means for forcibly turning on the lamp by the lighting means for a predetermined inspection time or longer to inspect the secondary battery, and constantly monitoring one or more operating states including at least the charged state of the secondary battery. A plurality of lighting devices including a communication unit for transmitting and receiving data including inspection results and monitoring results via signal lines, and a control device connected to each lighting device via signal lines. The control device is characterized by comprising abnormality detection means for comprehensively judging the inspection result and the monitoring result received from each lighting device via the signal line and detecting abnormality of the secondary battery and the lamp. Lighting system that.