JP2004189969A - Silica-based film, silica-based film-forming composition, method for producing silica-based film and electronic part - Google Patents
Silica-based film, silica-based film-forming composition, method for producing silica-based film and electronic part Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004189969A JP2004189969A JP2002362171A JP2002362171A JP2004189969A JP 2004189969 A JP2004189969 A JP 2004189969A JP 2002362171 A JP2002362171 A JP 2002362171A JP 2002362171 A JP2002362171 A JP 2002362171A JP 2004189969 A JP2004189969 A JP 2004189969A
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- Prior art keywords
- atom
- silica
- film
- based film
- forming
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 t-butyltrisilane -Tert-butoxy silane Chemical compound 0.000 description 8
- BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyloxysilicon Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si] BTHCBXJLLCHNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- TVJPBVNWVPUZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [diacetyloxy(methyl)silyl] acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](C)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O TVJPBVNWVPUZBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetyloxysilyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)O[Si](OC(C)=O)(OC(C)=O)OC(C)=O YZVRVDPMGYFCGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)CO QPRQEDXDYOZYLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VHPUZTHRFWIGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-di(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C(C)C)C(C)C VHPUZTHRFWIGAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptan-2-one Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)=O CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- MVXBTESZGSNIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributoxy(tert-butyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)C(C)(C)C MVXBTESZGSNIIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCC(F)(F)F ZLGWXNBXAXOQBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(fluoro)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](F)(OCC)OCC XVYIJOWQJOQFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJDLPDPRMYAOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C(C)C BJDLPDPRMYAOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC NBXZNTLFQLUFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)OCC QQQSFSZALRVCSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTMJRVHEBLESPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RTMJRVHEBLESPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(C)C LGROXJWYRXANBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(trifluoromethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C(F)(F)F ORVBHOQTQDOUIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IXJNGXCZSCHDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1 FNNJGIKXHZZGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1O[Si](OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(CCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 AMUIJRKZTXWCEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSMANKIIIKCXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)silane Chemical compound FC(CCCO[Si](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)(F)F FSMANKIIIKCXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCCO[Si](CCC)(OCCC)OCCC VUWVDNLZJXLQPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropoxysilane Chemical compound CCCO[SiH](OCCC)OCCC OZWKZRFXJPGDFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJEMIBXFOHYKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropoxy)-phenylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](OCC(C)C)(OCC(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 PJEMIBXFOHYKMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MOGQHPIOEFLJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropoxy)-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](OCC(C)C)(OCC(C)C)C(C)C MOGQHPIOEFLJQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POQYUENPWRRXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropoxy)-propylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)CO[Si](CCC)(OCC(C)C)OCC(C)C POQYUENPWRRXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-phenylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KGOOITCIBGXHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propan-2-ylsilane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[Si](C(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C MJIHPVLPZKWFBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-propylsilane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC(C)(C)C)(OC(C)(C)C)OC(C)(C)C DIZPPYBTFPZSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(C)O XMUJIPOFTAHSOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物、シリカ系被膜の製造方法及び電子部品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
LSI等の半導体素子といった電子デバイス部品に関しては、高集積化による配線の微細化に伴い、配線間容量の増大による信号遅延時間の増大が問題となっており、電子部品の絶縁材料に対して、耐熱性、機械特性等の他、更なる低比誘電率と熱処理工程の短縮が求められている。
【0003】
一般に配線の信号伝搬速度(v)と、配線材料が接する絶縁材料の比誘電率(ε)とは、下記式(3);
【化3】
v=k/√ε …(3)、
で表される関係を示す(式中のkは定数である)。つまり、使用する周波数領域を高くすると共に、絶縁材料の比誘電率(ε)を低減することにより、信号伝搬の高速化が達成される。例えば、従来から、比誘電率が4.2程度のCVD法によって形成されるSiO2膜が層間絶縁膜の形成材料として用いられてきたが、デバイスの配線間容量を低減し、LSIの動作速度を向上させる観点から、更なる低誘電率を発現する材料が切望されている。
【0004】
これに対し、現在実用化されている低誘電率材料としては、比誘電率が3.5程度のCVD法で形成されるSiOF膜が挙げられる。また、比誘電率が2.5〜3.0である絶縁材料としては、有機SOG (Spin On Glass)、有機ポリマー等を例示できる。さらに、比誘電率が2.5以下の絶縁材料としては、膜中に空隙を有するポーラス材が有力と考えられており、LSIの層間絶縁膜に適用するための検討・開発が盛んに行われている。
【0005】
そのようなポーラス材の形成方法として、(例えば、特許文献1及び2参照)等には、有機SOG材の低誘電率化が提案されている。この方法は、金属アルコキシシランの加水分解縮重合物と共に加熱することにより揮発又は分解する特性を有するポリマーを含む組成物から被膜を形成し、この被膜を加熱することによって空孔を形成するものである。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−322992号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平11−310411号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、本発明者らがかかる従来の方法について詳細に検討を行ったところ、このような従来方法では、絶縁膜に要求される所望の低誘電率を達成するために、極めて多量の空孔(空隙)を膜中に導入する必要があることを見出した。こうなると、膜のベース材料となるSOGの機械的な膜強度又は膜硬度が本来的に不足している場合に、空隙率が過度に高まることにより、膜の機械強度が一層低下してしまう傾向にあり、プロセス適合性の観点から大きな問題がある。
【0008】
そこで、本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、空隙を導入する前のSOGの低誘電率化及び高機械強度を達成することを課題としており、すなわち、低誘電性に優れると共に十分な機械強度を有するシリカ系被膜形成用組成物、及びシリカ系被膜の製造方法、並びに、そのシリカ系被膜を有する電子部品を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者らは、絶縁膜としてのシリカ系被膜を得るための材料成分及びその組成の観点から鋭意研究を重ね、特定の成分を含有する組成物が、従来の問題点を解消し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明におけるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、シロキサン樹脂を含有して成り、流動性を有し、且つ、基体上に塗布された膜状態において熱が印加されたときに硬化してシリカ系被膜が形成されるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物であって、最終硬化により得られるシリカ系被膜の比誘電率が3.5以下であり、弾性率が15GPa以上となるような硬化特性を有するものである。
【0011】
また、本発明におけるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は
(a)成分:下記式(1)と(2);
【化4】
R1 mSiX4−m …(1)、
【化5】
R2 nSi(OOCCH3)4−n …(2)
で表される化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂と、
(b)成分:前記(a)成分を溶解可能な溶媒を含有して成るものである。
【0012】
なお、式中、R1とR2は、H原子若しくはF原子、又はB原子、N原子、Al原子、P原子、Si原子、Ge原子若しくはTi原子を含む基、又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、Xは加水分解性基を示し、mとnは0〜2の整数を示し、mとnが2のとき、各R1と各R2は同一でも異なっていてもよく、mとnが0〜2のとき、各Xは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
【0013】
さらに、前記(a)成分は、Si原子1モルに対する、H原子、F原子、B原子、N原子、Al原子、P原子、Si原子、Ge原子、Ti原子、及びC原子から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の原子の総含有割合が0.65以下であることが好ましく、0.55以下であるとより好ましく、0.50以下であると特に好ましく、0.45以下であると極めて好ましい。また、その下限値としては0.20程度が好ましい。このようにすれば、シリカ系被膜の他の膜(層)への接着性および機械強度の低下が抑制される。
【0014】
また、本発明は、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を基体上に塗布し、塗布された被膜を加熱して該被膜を硬化せしめるシリカ系被膜の製造方法に関する。
【0015】
また、素子構造が形成される基体上に絶縁膜が形成された電子部品であって、請求項1〜3記載のシリカ系被膜を含むものである、ことを特徴とする電子部品に関する。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明におけるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、シロキサン樹脂を含有して成り、流動性を有し、且つ、基体上に塗布された膜状態において熱が印加されたときに硬化してシリカ系被膜が形成されるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物であって、最終硬化により得られるシリカ系被膜の比誘電率が3.5以下であり、弾性率が15GPa以上となるような硬化特性を有するものである。
【0017】
また、本発明におけるシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は
(a)成分:下記式(1)と(2);
【化6】
R1 mSiX4−m …(1)、
【化7】
R2 nSi(OOCCH3)4−n …(2)
で表される化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂と、
(b)成分:前記(a)成分を溶解可能な溶媒を含有して成るものである。
ここで、式中、R1とR2は、H原子若しくはF原子、又はB原子、N原子、Al原子、P原子、Si原子、Ge原子若しくはTi原子を含む基、又は炭素数1〜20の有機基を示し、Xはアセトキシ基以外の加水分解性基を示し、mとnは0〜2の整数を示し、mとnが2のとき、各R1と各R2は同一でも異なっていてもよく、mとnが0〜2のとき、各Xは同一でも異なっていてもよい。
式(1)の加水分解性基Xとしては、例えば、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、イソシアネート基、ヒドロキシル基等が挙げられる。これらの中では、組成物自体の液状安定性や被膜塗布特性等の観点からアルコキシ基が好ましい。
【0018】
加水分解性基Xが、アルコキシ基である式(1)の化合物(アルコキシシラン)としては、例えば、テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラ−n−プロポキシシラン、テトラ−iso−プロポキシシラン、テトラ−n−ブトキシシラン、テトラ−sec−ブトキシシラン、テトラ−tert−ブトキシシラン、テトラフェノキシシラン等のテトラアルコキシシラン、トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリプロポキシシラン、フルオロトリメトキシシラン、フルオロトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、メチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、メチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、メチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、メチルトリフェノキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、エチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、エチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、エチルトリフェノキシシラン、n−プロピルトリメトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリエトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリフェノキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリメトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリエトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリフェノキシシラン、n−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、t−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリエトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリフェノキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−n−プロポキシシラン、フェニルトリ−iso−プロポキシシラン、フェニルトリ−n−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−iso−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリ−tert−ブトキシシラン、フェニルトリフェノキシシラン、トリフルオロメチルトリメトキシシラン、ペンタフルオロエチルトリメトキシシラン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルトリエトキシシラン等のトリアルコキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジメチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジメチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジメチルジフェノキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジエチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジエチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジエチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジメトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジエトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジメトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジエトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジメトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジエトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジフェノキシシラン、ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、ジフェニルジエトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−n−プロポキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−iso−プロポキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−n−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−sec−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジ−tert−ブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジフェノキシシラン、ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジメトキシシラン、メチル(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジメトキシシラン等のジオルガノジアルコキシシラン等が挙げられる。
【0019】
また、加水分解性基Xが、ハロゲン原子(ハロゲン基)である式(1)の化合物(ハロゲン化シラン)としては、上記の各アルコキシシラン分子中のアルコキシ基がハロゲン原子で置換されたものが挙げられる。さらに、加水分解性基Xが、イソシアネート基である式(1)の化合物(イソシアネートシラン)としては、上記の各アルコキシシラン分子中のアルコキシ基がイソシアネート基で置換されたものが挙げられる。さらにまた、加水分解性基Xが、ヒドロキシル基である式(1)の化合物(ヒドロキシシラン)としては、上記の各アルコキシシラン分子中のアルコキシ基がヒドロキシル基で置換されたものが挙げられる。
【0020】
化合物(2)としては例えば、テトラアセトキシシラン、トリアセトキシシラン、フルオロトリアセトキシシラン、メチルトリアセトキシシラン、エチルトリアセトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリアセトキシシラン、iso−プロピルトリアセトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリアセトキシシラン、sec−ブチルトリアセトキシシラン、t−ブチルトリアセトキシシラン、フェニルトリアセトキシシラン、ペンタフルオロエチルトリアセトキシシラン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルトリアセトキシシラン等のトリアセトキシシラン、ジメチルジアセトキシシラン、ジエチルジアセトキシシラン、ジ−n−プロピルジアセトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジメトキシシラン、ジ−iso−プロピルジアセトキシシラン、ジ−n−ブチルジアセトキシシラン、ジ−sec−ブチルジアセトキシシラン、ジ−tert−ブチルジアセトキシシラン、ジフェニルジアセトキシシラン、ビス(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジアセトキシシラン、メチル(3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピル)ジアセトキシシラン等のジオルガノジアセトキシシシラン等が挙げられる。
【0021】
これら式(1)と(2)で表される化合物は、単独同士で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。このなかで、(1)としてはテトラアルコキシシラン類もしくはメチルトリアセトキシシラン類(2)としてはテトラアセトキシシランもしくはメチルトリアセトキシシランが好ましい。
【0022】
アセトキシシラン(2)のモル比(M)は式(4)において、0.1〜0.6が好ましい。より好ましくは、0.2〜0.5、さらに好ましくは0.2〜0.4である。M1は式(1)のモル数、M2はアセトキシシラン(2)のモル数をあらわす。
【化8】
(M)=(M2)/(M1)+(M2) …(4)
モル比(M)が0.1以下であると縮合反応が途中で止まり、誘電率3.5以下をと高機械強度を達成することが難しい。また、モル比(M)が0.6を超えるとシリカ系被膜形成用組成物の安定性が低下し、室温で保管中にゲル化する恐れがある。
【0023】
また、式(1)と(2)で表される化合物の加水分解縮合において加水分解縮合反応を促進する触媒として、蟻酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、ブタン酸、ペンタン酸、ヘキサン酸、ヘプタン酸、オクタン酸、ノナン酸、デカン酸、シュウ酸、アジピン酸、セバシン酸、酪酸、オレイン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、リノレイン酸、サリチル酸、安息香酸、p−アミノ安息香酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、フタル酸、スルホン酸、酒石酸、トリフルオロメタンスルフォン酸等の有機酸、塩酸、燐酸、硝酸、ホウ酸、硫酸、フッ酸等の無機酸等を用いることができる。
【0024】
この触媒の使用量は、式(1)と(2)で表される化合物1モルに対して0.0001〜1モルの範囲が好ましい。この使用量が1モルを超える場合、加水分解縮合時にゲル化が促進される傾向があり、0.0001モル未満の場合、実質的に反応が進行しない傾向がある。
【0025】
さらに、この反応において、加水分解によって副生するアルコールを、必要に応じてエバポレータ等を用いて除去してもよい。またさらに、加水分解縮合反応系中に存在させる水の量を適宜決定することができるが、この水の量としては、式(1)と(2)で表される化合物1モルに対して0.5〜20モルの範囲内の値とすると好ましい。この水量が0.5モル未満の場合及び20モルを超える場合には、シリカ系被膜の成膜性が悪化すると共に、組成物自体の保存安定性が低下する場合がある。
【0026】
また、(a)成分としてのシロキサン樹脂は、溶媒への溶解性、機械特性、成形性等の観点から、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(以下、「GPC」という)により測定され且つ標準ポリスチレンの検量線を使用して換算された質量平均分子量が、500〜20,000であることが好ましく、1,000〜10,000であるとより好ましい。この質量平均分子量が500未満であると、シリカ系被膜の成膜性が劣る傾向にある。一方、この質量平均分子量が20,000を超えると、溶媒との相溶性が低下する傾向にある。
【0027】
さらに、シロキサン樹脂のケイ素1原子あたりに結合しているH原子、F原子、B原子、N原子、Al原子、P原子、Si原子、Ge原子、Ti原子及びC原子から成る群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の原子(以下、「特定の結合原子」という)の総数(N)が0.65以下であることが好ましく、0.55以下であるとより好ましく、0.50以下であると特に好ましく、0.45以下であると極めて好ましい。また、その下限値としては0.20程度が好ましい。
【0028】
この特定の結合原子の総数(N)が、0.65を超える場合、最終的に得られるシリカ系被膜の他の膜(層)との接着性、機械強度等が劣る傾向がある。一方、この総数(N)が0.20未満であると、絶縁膜として用いたときの誘電特性が劣る傾向にある。また、シロキサン樹脂は、これらの特定の結合原子のなかでも、シリカ系被膜の成膜性の点で、H原子、F原子、N原子、Si原子、Ti原子及びC原子のうち少なくともいずれか一種を含むとより好ましく、それらのなかでも、誘電特性及び機械強度の点において、H原子、F原子、N原子、Si原子及びC原子のうち少なくともいずれか一種を含むと一層好ましい。
【0029】
なお、この総数(N)は、(a)成分であるシロキサン樹脂の仕込み量から求めることができ、例えば、下記式(5);
【化9】
N=(N1+(N2/2)+(N3/3))/Nsi …(5)
で表される関係を用いて算出できる。式中、N1は、特定の結合原子のうち単一の(ただ1つの)Si原子と結合している原子の総数を示し、N2は、特定の結合原子のうち2つのケイ素原子で共有されている原子の総数を示し、N3は、特定の結合原子のうち3つのケイ素原子で共有されている原子の総数を示し、Nsiは、Si原子の総数を示す。
【0030】
(b)成分は、(a)成分すなわち前述のシロキサン樹脂を溶解可能な溶媒であり、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、i−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、i−ブタノール、sec−ブタノール、t−ブタノール、n−ペンタノール、i−ペンタノール、2−メチルブタノール、sec−ペンタノール、t−ペンタノール、3−メトキシブタノール、n−ヘキサノール、2−メチルペンタノール、sec−ヘキサノール、2−エチルブタノール、sec−ヘプタノール、n−オクタノール、2−エチルヘキサノール、sec−オクタノール、n−ノニルアルコール、n−デカノール、sec−ウンデシルアルコール、トリメチルノニルアルコール、sec−テトラデシルアルコール、sec−ヘプタデシルアルコール、フェノール、シクロヘキサノール、メチルシクロヘキサノール、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−ブチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等のアルコール系溶媒、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチル−n−プロピルケトン、メチル−n−ブチルケトン、メチル−iso−ブチルケトン、メチル−n−ペンチルケトン、メチル−n−ヘキシルケトン、ジエチルケトン、ジ−iso−ブチルケトン、トリメチルノナノン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン、2,4−ペンタンジオン、アセトニルアセトン、ジアセトンアルコール、アセトフェノン、γ−ブチロラクトン等のケトン系溶媒、エチルエーテル、iso−プロピルエーテル、n−ブチルエーテル、n−ヘキシルエーテル、2−エチルヘキシルエーテル、エチレンオキシド、1,2−プロピレンオキシド、ジオキソラン、4−メチルジオキソラン、ジオキサン、ジメチルジオキサン、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ−n−ヘキシルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ−2−エチルブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジ−n−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ヘキシルエーテル、エトキシトリグリコール、テトラエチレングリコールジ−n−ブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、2−メチルテトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n−プロピル、酢酸i−プロピル、酢酸n−ブチル、酢酸i−ブチル、酢酸sec−ブチル、酢酸n−ペンチル、酢酸sec−ペンチル、酢酸3−メトキシブチル、酢酸メチルペンチル、酢酸2−エチルブチル、酢酸2−エチルヘキシル、酢酸ベンジル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸メチルシクロヘキシル、酢酸ノニル、γ−ブチロラクトン、γ−バレロラクトン、アセト酢酸メチル、アセト酢酸エチル、酢酸エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−ブチルエーテル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、酢酸ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジ酢酸グリコール、酢酸メトキシトリグリコール、プロピオン酸エチル、プロピオン酸n−ブチル、プロピオン酸i−アミル、シュウ酸ジエチル、シュウ酸ジ−n−ブチル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸n−ブチル、乳酸n−アミル等のエステル系溶媒、アセトニトリル、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N−ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N−ジメチルスルホキシド等の溶媒を例示できる。これらは単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いられる。
【0031】
この溶媒(つまり(b)成分)の使用量としては、(a)成分(シロキサン樹脂)の量が3〜25質量%となるような量とされることが好ましい。溶媒の量が過少で(a)成分の濃度が25質量%を超えると、シリカ系被膜の成膜性等が悪化すると共に、組成物自体の安定性が低下する傾向にある。これに対し、溶媒の量が過多で(a)成分の濃度が3質量%を下回ると、所望の膜厚を有するシリカ系被膜を形成し難くなる傾向にある。
【0032】
なお、本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、アルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属を含有しないことが望ましく、含まれる場合でも組成物中のそれらの金属イオン濃度が100ppb以下であると好ましく、20ppb以下であるとより好ましい。これらの金属イオン濃度が100ppbを超えると、組成物から得られるシリカ系被膜を有する半導体素子に金属イオンが流入し易くなってデバイス性能そのものに悪影響を及ぼすおそれがある。よって、必要に応じてイオン交換フィルター等を使用してアルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属を組成物中から除去することが有効である。
【0033】
また、本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物に空隙を形成するための化合物を添加することにより、容易に低誘電率でかつ高機械強度を有するシリカ系被膜を作製することが出来る。
【0034】
このようなシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、後述するようにウエハ等の基板上に塗布された後、加熱、焼成によって硬化され、これにより、低誘電率で高機械強度を有するシリカ系被膜が形成される。
【0035】
また、シロキサン樹脂における結合原子の総数が0.65以下とされることにより、更に十分な機械強度を実現でき、しかも他の膜(層)との十分な接着性が確保される。したがって、シリカ系被膜上に被着されたCu等の配線金属をCMP(Chemical Mechanical Polish)する工程において、界面剥離が生じることをも防止できる。
【0036】
また、本発明の請求項1〜3記載のシリカ系被膜は、比誘電率が3.5以下であることが好ましい。シリカ系被膜の比誘電率は、3.3以下であることがより好ましく、3.0以下であることが特に好ましく、2.7以下であることが極めて好ましい。比誘電率が3.5を超えると電子部品における回路等の微細化に伴う高速化の阻害因子となり電子部品への適応性が悪くなる傾向がある。また、比誘電率が3.5を超えるシリカ系被膜を用いて、空隙を導入して更なる低誘電率化を行った場合、空隙を多量に導入する必要があり、膜強度の低下を招く恐れがあるので好ましくない。
【0037】
本発明において、比誘電率とは23℃±2℃、湿度40%±10%の雰囲気下で測定された値を用いる。比誘電率測定用の被膜形成方法としては、被膜の膜厚は0.4〜0.6μmになるように被膜を形成する。具体的には、低抵抗率シリコンウエハー(抵抗率<10Ωcm)上にスピンコート法で塗布した後、150℃/1分+250℃/1分に加熱したホットプレートで溶媒除去し、最後に窒素雰囲気下400℃/30分最終硬化することにより被膜を形成する。被膜形成後、真空蒸着装置でAl金属を2mmφ、厚さ約0.1μmになるように真空蒸着する。絶縁被膜がAl金属と低抵抗率シリコンウエハーに挟まれた構造を形成して電荷容量を測定する。
【0038】
ここで、被膜の膜厚は、ガートナー製のエリプソメータL116Bで測定された膜厚であり、具体的には被膜上にHe−Neレーザー照射し、照射により生じた位相差から求められる膜厚を用いる。
【0039】
被膜の比誘電率の測定は、Al金属と低抵抗率シリコンウエハー間の電荷容量を測定することにより行う。電荷容量は、LFインピーダンスアナライザー(横河電機製:HP4192A)に誘電体テスト・フィクスチャー(横河電機製:HP16451B)を接続させて測定する。測定時の周波数を10kHzとして測定された値を用いる。
上記測定値より下記の式(6)に代入して、被膜の比誘電率を測定する。
【0040】
【数1】
【0041】
また、本発明のシリカ系被膜は、弾性率が15GPa以上であることが好ましく、18GPa以上であることがより好ましく、20GPa以上であることが極めて好ましい。上限は特に制限はないが通常は30GPa程度である。
【0042】
弾性率の増大は、例えば、シロキサン樹脂中に含有する有機基の割合を減少させることにより達成することができる。本発明においてシリカ系被膜の弾性率とは、シリカ系被膜の表面近傍での弾性率であり、MTS社製のナノインデンターDCMを用いて得られた値を用いる。被膜の形成方法としては、シリコンウエハー上に被膜の膜厚が0.5μm〜0.6μmになるように回転塗布し、ホットプレートで溶媒除去をした後、400℃/30分硬化した被膜を用いる。被膜の膜厚が薄いと下地の影響を受けてしまうため好ましくない。表面近傍とは、膜厚の1/10以内の深度で、具体的には膜表面から深さ15nm〜50nm潜り込んだところでの弾性率を示す。また、荷重と荷重速度との間では、下記の式(7)のような関係で変動させる。
【0043】
【数2】
dL/dt × 1/L = 0.05 (sec−1) ・・・(7)
L=荷重、t=時間
また、押し込みを行う圧子には、バーコビッチ圧子(素材:ダイヤモンド)を用い、圧子の振幅周波数を45Hzに設定して測定する。
【0044】
このような本発明のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を用いて、基板上にシリカ系被膜を形成する方法について、一般にシリカ系被膜の成膜性及び膜均一性に優れるスピンコート法を例にとって説明する。まず、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物をシリコンウエハ等の基板上に好ましくは500〜5000回転/分、より好ましくは1000〜3000回転/分でスピン塗布して被膜を形成する。この際、回転数が500回転/分未満であると、膜均一性が悪化する傾向にある一方で、5000回転/分を超えると、成膜性が悪化するおそれがあるため好ましくない。
【0045】
次いで、好ましくは50〜350℃、より好ましくは100〜250℃でホットプレート等にて被膜中の溶媒を乾燥させる。この乾燥温度が50℃未満であると、溶媒の乾燥が十分に行われない傾向にある。
【0046】
次に、溶媒が除去された被膜を250〜500℃の加熱温度で焼成して最終硬化を行う。最終硬化は、N2、Ar、He等の不活性雰囲気下で行うのが好ましく、この場合、酸素濃度が1000ppm以下であると好ましい。この加熱温度が250℃未満であると、十分な硬化が達成されない傾向にある。これに対し、加熱温度が500℃を超えると、金属配線層がある場合に、入熱量が増大して配線金属の劣化が生じるおそれがある。
【0047】
また、この際の加熱時間は2〜60分が好ましく、2〜30分であるとより好ましい。この加熱時間が60分を超えると、入熱量が過度に増大して配線金属の劣化が生じるおそれがある。さらに、加熱装置としては、石英チューブ炉その他の炉、ホットプレート、ラピッドサーマルアニール(RTA)等の加熱処理装置を用いることが好ましい。
【0048】
また、このようにして形成されるシリカ系被膜の膜厚は、0.01〜40μmであることが好ましく、0.1μm〜2.0μmであるとより好ましい。かかる膜厚が40μmを超えると、応力によってクラックが発生し易くなる一方で、0.01μm未満であると、シリカ系被膜の上下に金属配線層が存在する場合に、上下配線間のリーク特性が悪化する傾向がある。
【0049】
かかるシリカ系被膜を有する本発明の電子部品としては、半導体素子、多層配線板等の絶縁膜を有するデバイスが挙げられる。具体的には、半導体素子においては、表面保護膜(パッシベーション膜)、バッファーコート膜、層間絶縁膜等として使用することができる。一方、多層配線板においては、層間絶縁膜として好適に使用することができる。
【0050】
より具体的には、半導体素子として、ダイオード、トランジスタ、化合物半導体、サーミスタ、バリスタ、サイリスタ等の個別半導体、DRAM(ダイナミック・ランダム・アクセス・メモリー)、SRAM(スタティック・ランダム・アクセス・メモリー)、EPROM(イレイザブル・プログラマブル・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、マスクROM(マスク・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、EEPROM(エレクトリカル・イレイザブル・プログラマブル・リード・オンリー・メモリー)、フラッシュメモリー等の記憶素子、マイクロプロセッサー、DSP、ASIC等の理論回路素子、MMIC(モノリシック・マイクロウェーブ集積回路)に代表される化合物半導体等の集積回路素子、混成集積回路(ハイブリッドIC)、発光ダイオード、電荷結合素子等の光電変換素子等が挙げられる。また、多層配線板としては、MCM等の高密度配線板などが挙げられる。
【0051】
このような電子部品は、低誘電率を発現する本発明のシリカ系被膜を備えることにより、信号伝搬遅延時間の低減といった高性能化が図られると同時に高信頼性を達成できる。
【0052】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの記載に限定されるものではない。
実施例1
テトラエトキシシラン116.5gとメチルトリアセトキシシラン97.0gをn−ブタノール319.8gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0053】
実施例2
テトラエトキシシラン132.1gとメチルトリアセトキシシラン80.4gをn−ブタノール320.8gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0054】
比較例1
テトラアセトキシシラン167.8gとメチルトリアセトキシシラン80.4gをn−ブタノール285.1gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0055】
比較例2
テトラエトキシシラン132.1gとメチルトリエトキシシラン64.5gをn−ブタノール336.7gに溶解させた溶液中に、硝酸0.92gを溶解させた水65.77gを攪拌下で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後5時間反応させ、シリカ系被膜形成用組成物を作製した。
【0056】
シリカ系被膜製造
実施例1〜2、比較例1〜2に従って製造されたシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を回転数1000rpm/30秒回転塗布した。回転塗布後、150℃/1分+250℃/1分かけて溶媒除去後、O2濃度が100ppm前後にコントロールされている石英チューブ炉で400℃/30分間かけて被膜を最終硬化した。被膜形成後、エリプソメータで膜厚を測定した。
被膜評価
上記成膜方法により成膜された被膜に対して、以下の方法で膜の電気特性及び膜強度評価を行った。
【0057】
〔比誘電率測定〕
これらの被膜上に直径2mm円形電極のアルミニウム被膜を0.1μmの厚さに真空蒸着法で形成し、この試料の比誘電率をLFインピーダンスメータにて周波数10kHzで測定した。
〔弾性率測定〕
これらの被膜に対してMTS社製のナノインデンターDCMを用いて膜強度を示す弾性率を測定した。
〔組成物の安定性〕
調製したシリカ系被膜形成用組成物を23℃±2℃、湿度40%±10%の雰囲気下に放置し、1ヶ月後、組成物観察した。変化のないものを○、ゲル化して流動性を著しく失ったものを×とした。
評価結果
組成物評価結果及び被膜評価結果を下記の表1に示した。
【0058】
【表1】
【0059】
【発明の効果】
請求項1〜3記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に製造できるものである。
請求項4記載のシリカ系被膜の製造方法は、機械強度が十分であり、低誘電性に優れ、シリコンウエハーへの接着性に優れ、場合により電気的信頼性に優れたシリカ系被膜を容易に、歩留まり良く製造できる、プロセス裕度の大きなものである。
請求項5記載の電子部品は、高密度、高品位で信頼性に優れたものである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a composition for forming a silica-based coating, a method for producing a silica-based coating, and an electronic component.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With regard to electronic device components such as semiconductor elements such as LSIs, with the miniaturization of wiring due to high integration, an increase in signal delay time due to an increase in capacitance between wiring has become a problem. In addition to heat resistance, mechanical properties, etc., further low relative dielectric constant and shortening of the heat treatment process are required.
[0003]
In general, the signal propagation speed (v) of a wiring and the relative dielectric constant (ε) of an insulating material with which a wiring material is in contact are expressed by the following equation (3);
Embedded image
v = k / √ε (3),
(K in the formula is a constant). That is, by increasing the frequency range to be used and reducing the relative dielectric constant (ε) of the insulating material, high speed signal propagation is achieved. For example, conventionally, SiO 2 formed by a CVD method having a relative dielectric constant of about 4.2 has been used.2A film has been used as a material for forming an interlayer insulating film. However, from the viewpoint of reducing the capacitance between wirings of a device and improving the operation speed of an LSI, a material exhibiting a further lower dielectric constant has been desired.
[0004]
On the other hand, as a low dielectric constant material that is currently put into practical use, there is an SiOF film formed by a CVD method having a relative dielectric constant of about 3.5. Examples of the insulating material having a relative dielectric constant of 2.5 to 3.0 include organic SOG (Spin On Glass) and organic polymers. Further, as an insulating material having a relative dielectric constant of 2.5 or less, a porous material having voids in the film is considered to be effective, and studies and developments for application to an interlayer insulating film of an LSI are actively conducted. ing.
[0005]
As a method for forming such a porous material (for example, see Patent Literatures 1 and 2), a reduction in the dielectric constant of an organic SOG material has been proposed. In this method, a film is formed from a composition containing a polymer having the property of volatilizing or decomposing by heating together with a hydrolysis-condensation product of a metal alkoxysilane, and pores are formed by heating the film. is there.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-322992
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-11-310411
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the present inventors have studied in detail such a conventional method. According to such a conventional method, in order to achieve a desired low dielectric constant required for an insulating film, an extremely large number of holes ( (Void) must be introduced into the film. In such a case, when the mechanical film strength or film hardness of SOG, which is the base material of the film, is inherently insufficient, the porosity is excessively increased, and the mechanical strength of the film tends to further decrease. There is a major problem from the viewpoint of process suitability.
[0008]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has an object to achieve a low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength of SOG before introducing a void. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composition for forming a silica-based coating having excellent mechanical strength, a method for producing the silica-based coating, and an electronic component having the silica-based coating.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have intensively studied from the viewpoint of material components and the composition thereof for obtaining a silica-based coating as an insulating film, and a composition containing a specific component is a conventional composition. The inventors have found that the problem can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
[0010]
That is, the composition for forming a silica-based film in the present invention comprises a siloxane resin, has fluidity, and cures when heat is applied in a state of a film applied on a substrate to form a silica-based film. A composition for forming a silica-based film on which a system-based film is formed, wherein the silica-based film obtained by final curing has a curing property such that the relative dielectric constant is 3.5 or less and the elastic modulus is 15 GPa or more. Things.
[0011]
Further, the composition for forming a silica-based film in the present invention is
(A) component: the following formulas (1) and (2);
Embedded image
R1 mSix4-m ... (1),
Embedded image
R2 nSi (OOCCH3)4-n … (2)
A siloxane resin obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a compound represented by
Component (b): It contains a solvent capable of dissolving the component (a).
[0012]
In the formula, R1And R2Represents an H atom or an F atom, or a group containing a B atom, an N atom, an Al atom, a P atom, a Si atom, a Ge atom or a Ti atom, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. M and n each represent an integer of 0 to 2, and when m and n are 2, each R1And each R2May be the same or different, and when m and n are 0 to 2, each X may be the same or different.
[0013]
Further, the component (a) is selected from the group consisting of H atom, F atom, B atom, N atom, Al atom, P atom, Si atom, Ge atom, Ti atom, and C atom per mole of Si atom. The total content of at least one atom is preferably 0.65 or less, more preferably 0.55 or less, particularly preferably 0.50 or less, and most preferably 0.45 or less. The lower limit is preferably about 0.20. In this case, the adhesion of the silica-based coating to another film (layer) and the decrease in mechanical strength are suppressed.
[0014]
Further, the present invention relates to a silica-based coating for coating the composition for forming a silica-based coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on a substrate, and heating the applied coating to cure the coating. It relates to a manufacturing method.
[0015]
Further, the present invention relates to an electronic component in which an insulating film is formed on a base on which an element structure is formed, the electronic component including the silica-based coating according to claims 1 to 3.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The composition for forming a silica-based film in the present invention contains a siloxane resin, has fluidity, and cures when heat is applied in a state of a film applied on a substrate, and the silica-based film is cured. Is a composition for forming a silica-based film, wherein the silica-based film obtained by final curing has curing properties such that the relative dielectric constant of the silica-based film is 3.5 or less and the elastic modulus is 15 GPa or more. is there.
[0017]
Further, the composition for forming a silica-based film in the present invention is
(A) component: the following formulas (1) and (2);
Embedded image
R1 mSix4-m ... (1),
Embedded image
R2 nSi (OOCCH3)4-n … (2)
A siloxane resin obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a compound represented by
Component (b): It contains a solvent capable of dissolving the component (a).
Where R1And R2Represents an H atom or an F atom, or a group containing a B atom, an N atom, an Al atom, a P atom, a Si atom, a Ge atom or a Ti atom, or an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and X is other than an acetoxy group And m and n each represent an integer of 0 to 2. When m and n are 2, each R1And each R2May be the same or different, and when m and n are 0 to 2, each X may be the same or different.
Examples of the hydrolyzable group X in the formula (1) include an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, an isocyanate group, and a hydroxyl group. Among these, an alkoxy group is preferred from the viewpoint of the liquid stability of the composition itself, the coating properties of the coating, and the like.
[0018]
Examples of the compound (alkoxysilane) of the formula (1) in which the hydrolyzable group X is an alkoxy group include, for example, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra-n-propoxysilane, tetra-iso-propoxysilane, tetra-silane. n-butoxysilane, tetra-sec-butoxysilane, tetra-tert-butoxysilane, tetraalkoxysilane such as tetraphenoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane, fluorotrimethoxysilane, fluorotriethoxysilane, Methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, methyltri-n-propoxysilane, methyltri-iso-propoxysilane, methyltri-n-butoxysilane, methyltri-iso-butoxysilane, methyltri-t rt-butoxysilane, methyltriphenoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, ethyltri-n-propoxysilane, ethyltri-iso-propoxysilane, ethyltri-n-butoxysilane, ethyltri-iso-butoxysilane, ethyltri- tert-butoxysilane, ethyltriphenoxysilane, n-propyltrimethoxysilane, n-propyltriethoxysilane, n-propyltri-n-propoxysilane, n-propyltri-iso-propoxysilane, n-propyltri-n -Butoxysilane, n-propyltri-iso-butoxysilane, n-propyltri-tert-butoxysilane, n-propyltriphenoxysilane, iso-propyltrimethoxysilane, iso-propyl Triethoxysilane, iso-propyltri-n-propoxysilane, iso-propyltri-iso-propoxysilane, iso-propyltri-n-butoxysilane, iso-propyltri-iso-butoxysilane, iso-propyltri-tert -Butoxysilane, iso-propyltriphenoxysilane, n-butyltrimethoxysilane, n-butyltriethoxysilane, n-butyltri-n-propoxysilane, n-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, n-butyltri-n-butoxy Silane, n-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, n-butyltri-tert-butoxysilane, n-butyltriphenoxysilane, sec-butyltrimethoxysilane, sec-butyltriethoxysilane, sec-butyltri-n -Propoxysilane, sec-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, sec-butyltri-n-butoxysilane, sec-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, sec-butyltri-tert-butoxysilane, sec-butyltriphenoxysilane, t-butyl Trimethoxysilane, t-butyltriethoxysilane, t-butyltri-n-propoxysilane, t-butyltri-iso-propoxysilane, t-butyltri-n-butoxysilane, t-butyltri-iso-butoxysilane, t-butyltrisilane -Tert-butoxy silane, t-butyl triphenoxy silane, phenyl trimethoxy silane, phenyl triethoxy silane, phenyl tri-n-propoxy silane, phenyl tri-iso-propoxy silane, phenyl tri n-butoxysilane, phenyltri-iso-butoxysilane, phenyltri-tert-butoxysilane, phenyltriphenoxysilane, trifluoromethyltrimethoxysilane, pentafluoroethyltrimethoxysilane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriphenyl Methoxysilane, trialkoxysilane such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldi-n-propoxysilane, dimethyldi-iso-propoxysilane, dimethyldi-n-butoxysilane Dimethyldi-sec-butoxysilane, dimethyldi-tert-butoxysilane, dimethyldiphenoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldi-n-pro Xysilane, diethyldi-iso-propoxysilane, diethyldi-n-butoxysilane, diethyldi-sec-butoxysilane, diethyldi-tert-butoxysilane, diethyldiphenoxysilane, di-n-propyldimethoxysilane, di-n-propyldiethoxy Silane, di-n-propyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-n-propyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-n- Propyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-n-propyldiphenoxysilane, di-iso-propyldimethoxysilane, di-iso-propyldiethoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi- iso-propo Xysilane, di-iso-propyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-iso-propyldiphenoxysilane, di-n-butyldimethoxy Silane, di-n-butyldiethoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-n-butyldi- sec-butoxysilane, di-n-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-n-butyldiphenoxysilane, di-sec-butyldimethoxysilane, di-sec-butyldiethoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-n- Propoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, sec-butyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-sec-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-sec-butyldiphenoxysilane, di-tert-butyldimethoxysilane, di- tert-butyldiethoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-n-propoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-iso-propoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-n-butoxysilane, di-tert-butyldi-sec-butoxysilane , Di-tert-butyldi-tert-butoxysilane, di-tert-butyldiphenoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, diphenyldiethoxysilane, diphenyldi-n-propoxysilane, diphenyldi-iso-propoxysilane, diphenyl Di-n-butoxysilane, diphenyldi-sec-butoxysilane, diphenyldi-tert-butoxysilane, diphenyldiphenoxysilane, bis (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) dimethoxysilane, methyl (3,3,3) And diorganodialkoxysilanes such as (trifluoropropyl) dimethoxysilane.
[0019]
Further, as the compound (halogenated silane) of the formula (1) in which the hydrolyzable group X is a halogen atom (halogen group), those in which the alkoxy group in each of the above alkoxysilane molecules is substituted with a halogen atom are mentioned. No. Furthermore, examples of the compound of formula (1) in which the hydrolyzable group X is an isocyanate group (isocyanate silane) include those in which the alkoxy group in each of the above alkoxysilane molecules is substituted with an isocyanate group. Furthermore, examples of the compound (hydroxysilane) of the formula (1) in which the hydrolyzable group X is a hydroxyl group include those in which the alkoxy group in each of the above-mentioned alkoxysilane molecules is substituted with a hydroxyl group.
[0020]
Examples of the compound (2) include tetraacetoxysilane, triacetoxysilane, fluorotriacetoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, ethyltriacetoxysilane, n-propyltriacetoxysilane, iso-propyltriacetoxysilane, and n-butyltriacetoxy Silane, sec-butyltriacetoxysilane, t-butyltriacetoxysilane, phenyltriacetoxysilane, pentafluoroethyltriacetoxysilane, triacetoxysilane such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltriacetoxysilane, dimethyldiacetoxysilane , Diethyldiacetoxysilane, di-n-propyldiacetoxysilane, di-iso-propyldimethoxysilane, di-iso-propyldiacetoxysilane, di-n-butyl Acetoxysilane, di-sec-butyldiacetoxysilane, di-tert-butyldiacetoxysilane, diphenyldiacetoxysilane, bis (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) diacetoxysilane, methyl (3,3,3- And diorganodiacetoxy silanes such as (trifluoropropyl) diacetoxysilane.
[0021]
These compounds represented by the formulas (1) and (2) are used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, (1) tetraalkoxysilanes or methyltriacetoxysilanes (2) are preferably tetraacetoxysilane or methyltriacetoxysilane.
[0022]
The molar ratio (M) of the acetoxysilane (2) is preferably 0.1 to 0.6 in the formula (4). More preferably, it is 0.2 to 0.5, further preferably 0.2 to 0.4. M1 represents the number of moles of the formula (1), and M2 represents the number of moles of acetoxysilane (2).
Embedded image
(M) = (M2) / (M1) + (M2) (4)
If the molar ratio (M) is 0.1 or less, the condensation reaction stops halfway, and it is difficult to achieve a high mechanical strength with a dielectric constant of 3.5 or less. When the molar ratio (M) exceeds 0.6, the stability of the composition for forming a silica-based film is reduced, and the composition may be gelled during storage at room temperature.
[0023]
Further, as a catalyst for accelerating the hydrolysis-condensation reaction in the hydrolysis-condensation of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) and (2), formic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexane Acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, butyric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, p- Organic acids such as toluenesulfonic acid, phthalic acid, sulfonic acid, tartaric acid, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrofluoric acid can be used.
[0024]
The amount of the catalyst used is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 1 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formulas (1) and (2). If this amount exceeds 1 mol, gelation tends to be promoted during hydrolytic condensation, and if it is less than 0.0001 mol, the reaction does not substantially proceed.
[0025]
Further, in this reaction, alcohol by-produced by hydrolysis may be removed by using an evaporator or the like as necessary. Further, the amount of water to be present in the hydrolysis-condensation reaction system can be appropriately determined. The amount of water is 0 to 1 mol of the compounds represented by the formulas (1) and (2). It is preferred that the value be in the range of 0.5 to 20 mol. When the amount of water is less than 0.5 mol or more than 20 mol, the film formability of the silica-based coating is deteriorated, and the storage stability of the composition itself may be reduced.
[0026]
The siloxane resin as the component (a) is measured by gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter, referred to as “GPC”) from the viewpoint of solubility in a solvent, mechanical properties, moldability, and the like, and a calibration curve of standard polystyrene. Is preferably from 500 to 20,000, more preferably from 1,000 to 10,000. If the mass average molecular weight is less than 500, the film-forming properties of the silica-based coating tend to be poor. On the other hand, if the weight average molecular weight exceeds 20,000, the compatibility with the solvent tends to decrease.
[0027]
Further, at least one selected from the group consisting of H atom, F atom, B atom, N atom, Al atom, P atom, Si atom, Ge atom, Ti atom and C atom bonded per silicon atom of the siloxane resin. The total number (N) of one type of atom (hereinafter, referred to as “specific bonding atom”) is preferably 0.65 or less, more preferably 0.55 or less, and particularly preferably 0.50 or less, It is extremely preferred that it is 0.45 or less. The lower limit is preferably about 0.20.
[0028]
When the total number (N) of the specific bonding atoms exceeds 0.65, the adhesiveness with other films (layers) of the finally obtained silica-based coating, mechanical strength, and the like tend to be inferior. On the other hand, if the total number (N) is less than 0.20, the dielectric properties when used as an insulating film tend to be poor. Further, among these specific bonding atoms, the siloxane resin is at least one of H atom, F atom, N atom, Si atom, Ti atom and C atom in view of the film-forming property of the silica-based film. It is more preferable to include at least one of H atom, F atom, N atom, Si atom and C atom in view of dielectric properties and mechanical strength.
[0029]
The total number (N) can be obtained from the charged amount of the siloxane resin as the component (a).
Embedded image
N = (N1 + (N2 / 2) + (N3 / 3)) / Nsi (5)
Can be calculated using the relationship represented by In the formula, N1 indicates the total number of atoms bonded to a single (only one) Si atom among the specific bonding atoms, and N2 is shared by two silicon atoms among the specific bonding atoms. N3 indicates the total number of atoms shared by three silicon atoms among the specific bonding atoms, and Nsi indicates the total number of Si atoms.
[0030]
The component (b) is a solvent capable of dissolving the component (a), that is, the above-mentioned siloxane resin, and includes, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, sec-butanol, and t. -Butanol, n-pentanol, i-pentanol, 2-methylbutanol, sec-pentanol, t-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-methylpentanol, sec-hexanol, 2-ethyl Butanol, sec-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, sec-octanol, n-nonyl alcohol, n-decanol, sec-undecyl alcohol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, sec-tetradecyl alcohol, sec-heptadecyl alcohol, Enol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, alcohol solvents such as tripropylene glycol, acetone, Methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-n-propyl ketone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl-iso-butyl ketone, methyl-n-pentyl ketone, methyl-n-hexyl ketone, diethyl ketone, di-iso-butyl ketone, trimethylnonanone, cyclohexanone, Cyclopentanone, methylcyclohexanone, 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone, diacetone alcohol, acetophenone, γ-butyrolactone, etc. Ketone solvents, ethyl ether, iso-propyl ether, n-butyl ether, n-hexyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl ether, ethylene oxide, 1,2-propylene oxide, dioxolan, 4-methyldioxolan, dioxane, dimethyldioxane, ethylene glycol monomethyl Ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylbutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether , Diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether, ethoxytriglycol, tetraethylene glycol di-n-butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol Ether solvents such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, i-propyl acetate, and n-butyl acetate I-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, n-pentyl acetate, sec-pentyl acetate, 3-methyl acetate Xybutyl, methylpentyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, benzyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, methylcyclohexyl acetate, nonyl acetate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl acetate Ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monopropyl ether acetate, diethylene acetate Propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl acetate Ter, glycol diacetate, methoxytriglycol acetate, ethyl propionate, n-butyl propionate, i-amyl propionate, diethyl oxalate, di-n-butyl oxalate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, n-butyl lactate, Examples include ester solvents such as n-amyl lactate, and solvents such as acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and N, N-dimethylsulfoxide. These are used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0031]
The amount of the solvent (that is, the component (b)) used is preferably such that the amount of the component (a) (siloxane resin) is 3 to 25% by mass. If the amount of the solvent is too small and the concentration of the component (a) exceeds 25% by mass, the film-forming properties of the silica-based coating and the like tend to deteriorate, and the stability of the composition itself tends to decrease. On the other hand, when the amount of the solvent is excessive and the concentration of the component (a) is less than 3% by mass, it tends to be difficult to form a silica-based coating having a desired film thickness.
[0032]
The composition for forming a silica-based film of the present invention desirably does not contain an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. Even when the composition is contained, the metal ion concentration in the composition is preferably 100 ppb or less, and more preferably 20 ppb. It is more preferable that it is the following. If the concentration of these metal ions exceeds 100 ppb, metal ions tend to flow into a semiconductor element having a silica-based coating obtained from the composition, which may adversely affect device performance itself. Therefore, it is effective to remove the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal from the composition using an ion exchange filter or the like as necessary.
[0033]
Further, by adding a compound for forming voids to the composition for forming a silica-based coating of the present invention, a silica-based coating having a low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength can be easily produced.
[0034]
Such a silica-based film forming composition is applied on a substrate such as a wafer as described later, and then cured by heating and baking, whereby a silica-based coating having a low dielectric constant and high mechanical strength is obtained. It is formed.
[0035]
Further, by setting the total number of bonding atoms in the siloxane resin to 0.65 or less, more sufficient mechanical strength can be realized, and sufficient adhesion to other films (layers) is ensured. Therefore, in the step of performing a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polish) process on a wiring metal such as Cu deposited on the silica-based coating film, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of interface delamination.
[0036]
Further, the silica-based coating according to claims 1 to 3 of the present invention preferably has a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 or less. The relative dielectric constant of the silica-based coating is more preferably 3.3 or less, particularly preferably 3.0 or less, and most preferably 2.7 or less. When the relative permittivity exceeds 3.5, it becomes a hindrance factor for speeding up due to miniaturization of circuits and the like in the electronic component, and the adaptability to the electronic component tends to deteriorate. In addition, when using a silica-based coating film having a relative dielectric constant of more than 3.5 to introduce voids to further lower the dielectric constant, it is necessary to introduce a large amount of voids, resulting in a decrease in film strength. It is not preferable because of fear.
[0037]
In the present invention, the relative dielectric constant refers to a value measured in an atmosphere at 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and a humidity of 40% ± 10%. As a method for forming a film for measuring the relative dielectric constant, the film is formed such that the film thickness becomes 0.4 to 0.6 μm. Specifically, after coating on a low-resistivity silicon wafer (resistivity <10 Ωcm) by a spin coating method, the solvent is removed on a hot plate heated to 150 ° C./1 minute + 250 ° C./1 minute, and finally a nitrogen atmosphere is applied. A film is formed by final curing at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. After the formation of the coating film, Al metal is vacuum-deposited by a vacuum deposition apparatus so as to have a diameter of 2 mm and a thickness of about 0.1 μm. The charge capacity is measured by forming a structure in which an insulating film is sandwiched between an Al metal and a low resistivity silicon wafer.
[0038]
Here, the film thickness is a film thickness measured by an ellipsometer L116B manufactured by Gartner. Specifically, a He-Ne laser is irradiated onto the film, and a film thickness obtained from a phase difference caused by the irradiation is used. .
[0039]
The relative permittivity of the coating is measured by measuring the charge capacity between the Al metal and the low resistivity silicon wafer. The charge capacity is measured by connecting a dielectric test fixture (HP16451B, manufactured by Yokogawa Electric) to an LF impedance analyzer (manufactured by Yokogawa: HP4192A). A value measured by setting the frequency at the time of measurement to 10 kHz is used.
The relative dielectric constant of the film is measured by substituting the above measured values into the following equation (6).
[0040]
(Equation 1)
[0041]
Further, the silica-based coating of the present invention preferably has an elastic modulus of 15 GPa or more, more preferably 18 GPa or more, and most preferably 20 GPa or more. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but is usually about 30 GPa.
[0042]
The increase in the elastic modulus can be achieved, for example, by reducing the proportion of the organic group contained in the siloxane resin. In the present invention, the elastic modulus of the silica-based coating is an elastic modulus in the vicinity of the surface of the silica-based coating, and a value obtained by using a nanoindenter DCM manufactured by MTS is used. As a method of forming a coating, a coating which is spin-coated on a silicon wafer so that the thickness of the coating becomes 0.5 μm to 0.6 μm, and the solvent is removed on a hot plate, and then cured at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes is used. . It is not preferable that the film thickness is small because the film is affected by the underlayer. The vicinity of the surface is a depth within 1/10 of the film thickness, specifically, an elastic modulus at a depth of 15 nm to 50 nm from the film surface. Further, between the load and the load speed, the load is varied according to the following equation (7).
[0043]
(Equation 2)
dL / dt × 1 / L = 0.05 (sec-1) (7)
L = load, t = time
A Berkovich indenter (material: diamond) is used as the indenter for the indentation, and the measurement is performed with the indenter amplitude frequency set to 45 Hz.
[0044]
A method for forming a silica-based film on a substrate using such a silica-based film-forming composition of the present invention will be described by taking, as an example, a spin coating method which is generally excellent in film-forming properties and film uniformity of a silica-based film. I do. First, the silica-based film forming composition is spin-coated on a substrate such as a silicon wafer at preferably 500 to 5000 rotations / minute, more preferably 1000 to 3000 rotations / minute to form a film. At this time, if the number of rotations is less than 500 rotations / minute, the film uniformity tends to deteriorate, while if it exceeds 5000 rotations / minute, the film-forming properties may deteriorate, which is not preferable.
[0045]
Next, the solvent in the coating is dried on a hot plate or the like at preferably 50 to 350 ° C, more preferably 100 to 250 ° C. If the drying temperature is lower than 50 ° C., the solvent tends to be insufficiently dried.
[0046]
Next, the coating from which the solvent has been removed is fired at a heating temperature of 250 to 500 ° C. to perform final curing. Final cure is N2, Ar, He or the like is preferably performed in an inert atmosphere. In this case, the oxygen concentration is preferably 1000 ppm or less. If the heating temperature is lower than 250 ° C., sufficient curing tends not to be achieved. On the other hand, when the heating temperature exceeds 500 ° C., when there is a metal wiring layer, the amount of heat input increases, and the wiring metal may be deteriorated.
[0047]
The heating time at this time is preferably 2 to 60 minutes, more preferably 2 to 30 minutes. If the heating time exceeds 60 minutes, the amount of heat input is excessively increased, and there is a possibility that the wiring metal is deteriorated. Further, as the heating device, it is preferable to use a heating device such as a quartz tube furnace or other furnace, a hot plate, rapid thermal annealing (RTA), or the like.
[0048]
The thickness of the silica-based coating thus formed is preferably from 0.01 to 40 μm, more preferably from 0.1 to 2.0 μm. If the film thickness exceeds 40 μm, cracks are likely to occur due to stress. Tends to worsen.
[0049]
Examples of the electronic component of the present invention having such a silica-based coating include devices having an insulating film, such as semiconductor elements and multilayer wiring boards. Specifically, in a semiconductor element, it can be used as a surface protective film (passivation film), a buffer coat film, an interlayer insulating film, and the like. On the other hand, in a multilayer wiring board, it can be suitably used as an interlayer insulating film.
[0050]
More specifically, as a semiconductor element, an individual semiconductor such as a diode, a transistor, a compound semiconductor, a thermistor, a varistor, a thyristor, a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory), an SRAM (Static Random Access Memory), an EPROM (Erasable programmable read only memory), Mask ROM (Mask read only memory), EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read only memory), Storage elements such as flash memory, microprocessor, DSP , ASICs, etc., integrated circuit elements such as compound semiconductors represented by MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit), hybrid integrated circuits (hybrid IC), light emission Diode, etc. The photoelectric conversion element such as a charge coupled device and the like. Examples of the multilayer wiring board include a high-density wiring board such as an MCM.
[0051]
Such an electronic component is provided with the silica-based coating of the present invention exhibiting a low dielectric constant, whereby high performance such as reduction of signal propagation delay time can be achieved and high reliability can be achieved.
[0052]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these descriptions.
Example 1
In a solution of 116.5 g of tetraethoxysilane and 97.0 g of methyltriacetoxysilane in 319.8 g of n-butanol, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid is dissolved is added dropwise over 30 minutes with stirring. did. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted for 5 hours to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0053]
Example 2
In a solution in which 132.1 g of tetraethoxysilane and 80.4 g of methyltriacetoxysilane are dissolved in 320.8 g of n-butanol, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid is dissolved is dropped under stirring over 30 minutes. did. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted for 5 hours to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0054]
Comparative Example 1
65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid is dissolved is added dropwise to a solution in which 167.8 g of tetraacetoxysilane and 80.4 g of methyltriacetoxysilane are dissolved in 285.1 g of n-butanol over 30 minutes with stirring. did. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted for 5 hours to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0055]
Comparative Example 2
In a solution in which 132.1 g of tetraethoxysilane and 64.5 g of methyltriethoxysilane are dissolved in 336.7 g of n-butanol, 65.77 g of water in which 0.92 g of nitric acid is dissolved is added dropwise over 30 minutes with stirring. did. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was reacted for 5 hours to prepare a composition for forming a silica-based film.
[0056]
Silica coating production
The composition for forming a silica-based film produced according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was spin-coated at a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. After spin coating, remove the solvent at 150 ° C / 1 minute + 250 ° C / 1 minute,2The coating was finally cured in a quartz tube furnace controlled at a concentration of about 100 ppm at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. After forming the film, the film thickness was measured with an ellipsometer.
Coating evaluation
The electrical characteristics and the film strength of the film formed by the above film forming method were evaluated by the following methods.
[0057]
(Relative permittivity measurement)
An aluminum film of a circular electrode having a diameter of 2 mm was formed on these films to a thickness of 0.1 μm by a vacuum evaporation method, and the relative dielectric constant of this sample was measured with a LF impedance meter at a frequency of 10 kHz.
(Elastic modulus measurement)
The modulus of elasticity indicating the film strength of these films was measured using a nano indenter DCM manufactured by MTS.
(Stability of the composition)
The prepared composition for forming a silica-based film was left in an atmosphere at 23 ° C. ± 2 ° C. and a humidity of 40% ± 10%, and after one month, the composition was observed. The sample having no change was marked with "O", and the sample which was gelled and markedly lost fluidity was marked with "x".
Evaluation results
The composition evaluation results and the coating evaluation results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0058]
[Table 1]
[0059]
【The invention's effect】
The silica-based coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which has sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and, in some cases, excellent electrical reliability. Can be easily manufactured.
The method for producing a silica-based coating according to claim 4 facilitates the production of a silica-based coating having sufficient mechanical strength, excellent low dielectric properties, excellent adhesion to a silicon wafer, and possibly excellent electrical reliability. It can be manufactured with good yield and has a large process margin.
The electronic component according to the fifth aspect has high density, high quality, and excellent reliability.
Claims (5)
で表される化合物を加水分解縮合して得られるシロキサン樹脂と、
(b)成分:前記(a)成分を溶解可能な溶媒
を含有して成る請求項1記載のシリカ系被膜形成用組成物。(A) component: the following formulas (1) and (2);
A siloxane resin obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a compound represented by
Component (b): The composition for forming a silica-based film according to claim 1, comprising a solvent capable of dissolving the component (a).
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JP2013516538A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2013-05-13 | ユニヴァーシティー オブ ハワイ | Anticorrosion coating and method for producing the same |
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JP2013516538A (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2013-05-13 | ユニヴァーシティー オブ ハワイ | Anticorrosion coating and method for producing the same |
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