JP2004082040A - Method and equipment for treating cellulose-containing organic waste - Google Patents
Method and equipment for treating cellulose-containing organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004082040A JP2004082040A JP2002248903A JP2002248903A JP2004082040A JP 2004082040 A JP2004082040 A JP 2004082040A JP 2002248903 A JP2002248903 A JP 2002248903A JP 2002248903 A JP2002248903 A JP 2002248903A JP 2004082040 A JP2004082040 A JP 2004082040A
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- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013353 coffee beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000016213 coffee Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001494496 Leersia Species 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000902900 cellular organisms Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003248 secreting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、茶粕、コーヒー抽出粕、刈草、稲藁、間伐材、下水処理場初沈汚泥等、セルロースを固形物として10%以上含有する有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵する処理方法及び処理装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
有機性廃棄物をメタン発酵処理する方法は、メタンからのエネルギー回収が可能であることと、汚泥発生量の削減の両面から注目されている。
しかし、従来のメタン発酵方法においては、茶・コーヒーの抽出粕、刈草、稲藁、間伐材、下水処理場初沈汚泥等のセルロースを含有する廃棄物を処理対象とする場合、粒径の大きなセルロースはメタン発酵処理ではほとんど処理されず、処理水中に汚泥として残存してしまう。残存物はメタン発酵に関与していないため、残存物が持つエネルギーは回収不能となるばかりか、そのまま余剰汚泥となるため、廃棄物量削減の観点からも好ましくない。そのためメタン発酵の前処理として、酸処理あるいはアルカリ処理を行い、セルロースを低分子化する試みが為されている。しかし、これらの方法は薬品添加が必要であり、さらに後段で中和処理等を行わなければならないため、ランニングコストが高くなるという欠点がある。
【0003】
また、コーヒー抽出粕のように多くの油脂分を含有する有機性廃棄物に関しては、抽出粕粒子の表面近傍の油脂が発酵菌体を含む水分の進入を防いで、分解を阻害しているものと考えられる。油脂の存在形態にもよるが、一般的に油脂含有率が10%以上になるとメタン発酵に阻害が出始めると言われている。この対策としては、リパーゼなとどの加水分解酵素を添加する方法が提案されているが、薬品としての酵素は高価であるため、ランニングコストが高くなってしまう。また、加水分解酵素分泌細菌の添加なども研究されているが、現状では実用化に至っていない。
【0004】
さらに、原料によっては微量栄養素が偏っているものがあり、これらを単独でメタン発酵する場合、発酵槽内の生物相を安定的に維持するために、金属塩などの添加が必須になるという問題点もある。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、このような実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、セルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵処理における分解率を向上させることにより、エネルギー回収量を増加させ、廃棄物発生量を削減することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、下記の手段により上記の課題を解決することができた。
(1)セルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物を排水処理の余剰汚泥と混合した後、粉砕するか、あるいはセルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物を粉砕した後、排水処理の余剰汚泥を混合し、その混合粉砕物にメタン発酵処理を行うことを特徴とするセルロース含有有機性廃棄物の処理方法。
(2)前記の粉砕による平均粒径が200μm以下であることを特徴とする(1)記載の処理方法。
(3)セルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物と排水処理の余剰汚泥との混合物、又はセルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物を粉砕する粉砕機と、該粉砕機からの前記混合物の粉砕物、又は前記有機性廃棄物の粉砕物に排水処理の余剰汚泥を混合した混合物である混合粉砕物を導入してメタンを発酵させるメタン発酵設備とを有することを特徴とするセルロース含有有機性廃棄物の処理装置。
なお、上記において、「混合粉砕物」は、セルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物と排水処理の余剰汚泥との混合物の粉砕物と、有機性廃棄物を粉砕した物に前記余剰汚泥を混合した物の両方を指す。
【0007】
本発明の骨子は、前記課題を解決するため、有機性廃棄物のメタン発酵の前段に粉砕機を配置し、有機性廃棄物に余剰汚泥を混合したもの又は有機性廃棄物単独を平均粒径200μm以下、望ましくは70μm以下に粉砕し、廃棄物中に含有するセルロースの生分解性を上げると共に、コーヒー抽出粕が含有している油脂分を分散させ、粉砕物が有機性廃棄物単独の場合にはこれに排水処理の余剰汚泥を混合することにより、後段のメタン発酵処理における分解率を向上させることである。
【0008】
図2は、コーヒー抽出粕に種汚泥を添加して、回分的にメタン発酵させ、発生したガス量からCODの分解率を測定したものである。これによると、粉砕していないコーヒー抽出粕は全くガス発生が見られないのに対し、粉砕したものは含有CODの約8割がメタンガスに転換されていることがわかる。
【0009】
また、本実験では鉄、コバルト、ニッケルを微量栄養素として添加しているが、コーヒー飲料を製造している工場内の実装置を想定する場合、通常排水処理施設が併設されているため、コーヒー抽出粕と同時に排水処理の余剰汚泥をメタン発酵施設に投入することによって、これらの微量栄養素を余剰汚泥から供給する方法が合理的である。
【0010】
なお、コーヒー抽出粕は含水率が60〜80%と低いため、粉砕機内部の閉塞等を考慮し、粉砕手段としてカッター式か石臼式を使用するのが望ましい。図3は、石臼式粉砕機を用いて粉砕したコーヒー粕のメタン発酵における分解率を測定した結果である。平均粒径70μm以下で分解率が向上していることがわかる。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態の例を図1にブロック図で示す。図1の(a)に第1の実施態様を、(b)に第2の実施態様を、(c)に第3の実施態様を示す。
図1の(a)では、有機性廃棄物11と生物学的排水処理設備1からの余剰汚泥14とを混合し、粉砕機2にて粉砕後、メタン発酵設備3に投入する。メタン発酵設備3で発生したバイオガス13はガス利用設備4にて再利用され、消化汚泥15は脱水設備5にて脱水後、脱水ケーキ17として場外搬出される。脱水ろ液16は水処理設備1にて処理され、処理水18として排出される。
【0012】
(b)では、有機性廃棄物11を粉砕機2にて粉砕後に余剰汚泥14と混合し、メタン発酵設備3に投入する。メタン発酵設備3で発生したバイオガス13はガス利用設備4にて再利用され、消化汚泥15は脱水設備5にて脱水後、脱水ケーキ17として場外搬出される。脱水ろ液16は水処理設備1にて処理される。
【0013】
(c)では、有機性廃棄物11を粉砕機2にて粉砕後、メタン発酵設備3に投入する。これとは別に、余剰汚泥14もメタン発酵設備3に投入する。メタン発酵設備3で発生したバイオガス13はガス利用設備4にて再利用され、消化汚泥15は脱水設備5にて脱水後、脱水ケーキ17として場外搬出される。脱水ろ液16は水処理設備1にて処理される。
【0014】
【実施例】
本発明の実施例を以下に示す。ただし、本発明はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。
【0015】
実施例1
コーヒー抽出粕と余剰汚泥を固形物比4:1で混合して粉砕機を通し、図1の(a)のフローにてメタン発酵槽に投入した。前記粉砕機における粉砕は石臼式を使用し、平均粒径50μmとなる様に粉砕した。メタン発酵槽は有効容量1.8m3であり、温度は55℃に保持した。
【0016】
その結果、1日平均6.0m3のバイオガスが発生した。メタンに換算すると3.9m3となり、エネルギー換算すると約14万kJ/日となる。メタン発酵槽の加温に必要なエネルギーは約3万5千kJ/日であるため、メタンガスのエネルギーの75%にあたる約10万kJ/日が余剰エネルギーとして、有効利用可能であることになる。
運転条件を第1表に、処理結果を第2表に示す。
【0017】
CODCrは76%という高除去率が得られた。通常メタン発酵における余剰汚泥のCOD分解率は30〜40%であるため、この高除去率はコーヒー抽出粕の粉砕効果によるものである。よって、粉砕と混合の順序を図1の(b)あるいは(c)のようにに変更しても、同様のCOD除去率が得られる。
【0018】
【表1】
【0019】
【表2】
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、セルロースを含有する有機性廃棄物を生物処理の余剰汚泥と共にメタン発酵処理を行った際の、エネルギー回収量を増加させると同時に、廃棄物発生量を低減することが可能となった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施態様を説明するブロック図であり、(a)は第1の実施態様を説明し、(b)は第2の実施態様を説明し、(c)は第3の実施態様を説明するものである。
【図2】未粉砕コーヒー抽出粕と微粉砕コーヒー抽出粕のCOD分解率の経時変化を示すグラフである。
【図3】コーヒー抽出粕の平均粒径とCOD分解率の関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 生物学的排水処理設備
2 粉砕機
3 メタン発酵設備
4 ガス利用設備
5 脱水設備
11 有機性廃棄物
12 粉砕物
13 バイオガス
14 余剰汚泥
15 消化汚泥
16 脱水ろ液
17 脱水ケーキ
18 処理水[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for methane fermenting organic waste containing 10% or more of cellulose as a solid, such as tea lees, coffee extract lees, cut grass, rice straw, thinned wood, sludge from a sewage treatment plant, and the like. It is about.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The method of methane fermentation treatment of organic waste has attracted attention in terms of both energy recovery from methane and reduction of sludge generation.
However, in the conventional methane fermentation method, when processing waste containing cellulose such as tea and coffee extract lees, cut grass, rice straw, thinned wood, first settling sludge of a sewage treatment plant, the particle size is large. Cellulose is hardly treated by the methane fermentation treatment and remains as sludge in the treated water. Since the residue is not involved in methane fermentation, the energy of the residue is not only unrecoverable but also becomes excess sludge as it is, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of waste. Therefore, an attempt has been made to reduce the molecular weight of cellulose by performing an acid treatment or an alkali treatment as a pretreatment for methane fermentation. However, these methods require the addition of chemicals, and furthermore, a neutralization treatment or the like must be performed at a later stage, so that there is a disadvantage that running costs are increased.
[0003]
In addition, for organic wastes containing a lot of fats and oils such as coffee extract cake, the oils and fats near the surface of the extract cake particles prevent the ingress of water containing fermentation bacteria and inhibit decomposition. it is conceivable that. It is generally said that methane fermentation begins to be inhibited when the fat content exceeds 10%, depending on the form of the fat. As a countermeasure for this, a method of adding any hydrolase such as lipase has been proposed, but the enzyme as a drug is expensive, so that the running cost increases. Further, the addition of hydrolase-secreting bacteria has been studied, but has not been put to practical use at present.
[0004]
Furthermore, depending on the raw materials, micronutrients may be biased, and when these are used alone for methane fermentation, the addition of metal salts or the like is indispensable to stably maintain the biota in the fermenter. There are points.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by improving the decomposition rate of methane fermentation treatment of organic waste containing cellulose, increases the amount of energy recovery and reduces the amount of waste generated. The task is to reduce it.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has solved the above problems by the following means.
(1) Organic waste containing cellulose is mixed with excess sludge from wastewater treatment and then crushed, or organic waste containing cellulose is crushed and then mixed with excess sludge from wastewater treatment. A method for treating cellulose-containing organic waste, comprising subjecting a mixed and ground product to a methane fermentation treatment.
(2) The processing method according to (1), wherein the average particle size by the pulverization is 200 μm or less.
(3) a mixture of organic waste containing cellulose and excess sludge of wastewater treatment, or a pulverizer for pulverizing organic waste containing cellulose, and a pulverized product of the mixture from the pulverizer, or An apparatus for treating cellulose-containing organic waste, comprising: a methane fermentation facility for fermenting methane by introducing a mixed crushed material, which is a mixture of crushed organic waste and excess sludge from wastewater treatment. .
In the above, the “mixed and crushed product” is a crushed product of a mixture of organic waste containing cellulose and excess sludge of wastewater treatment, and a mixture of the crushed organic waste and the excess sludge. Refers to both.
[0007]
The gist of the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, arrange a crusher in the previous stage of methane fermentation of organic waste, mixed with excess sludge organic waste or organic waste alone
[0008]
FIG. 2 shows the results obtained by adding seed sludge to coffee extract cake and performing methane fermentation batchwise, and measuring the COD decomposition rate from the amount of generated gas. According to this, it can be seen that while no unrefined coffee extract cake generates any gas, about 80% of the contained COD of crushed coffee extract is converted to methane gas.
[0009]
In this experiment, iron, cobalt, and nickel were added as trace nutrients.However, when assuming an actual device in a factory that manufactures coffee beverages, coffee extraction is usually performed because a wastewater treatment facility is also provided. It is rational to supply these trace nutrients from surplus sludge by feeding surplus sludge from wastewater treatment to the methane fermentation facility simultaneously with the lees.
[0010]
Since the coffee extract cake has a low water content of 60 to 80%, it is desirable to use a cutter type or a stone mill type as a pulverizing means in consideration of clogging or the like inside the pulverizer. FIG. 3 shows the results of measuring the decomposition rate in methane fermentation of coffee grounds crushed using a millstone crusher. It can be seen that the decomposition rate is improved when the average particle size is 70 μm or less.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention. 1A shows the first embodiment, FIG. 1B shows the second embodiment, and FIG. 1C shows the third embodiment.
In FIG. 1A, the
[0012]
In (b), the
[0013]
In (c), the
[0014]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below. However, the present invention is not limited by these examples.
[0015]
Example 1
Coffee extract cake and excess sludge were mixed at a solids ratio of 4: 1, passed through a pulverizer, and charged into a methane fermentation tank according to the flow shown in FIG. The pulverization in the pulverizer was performed using a millstone method, and pulverization was performed so that the average particle size became 50 μm. The methane fermenter had an effective volume of 1.8 m 3 and the temperature was maintained at 55 ° C.
[0016]
As a result, an average of 6.0 m 3 of biogas was generated per day. Next 3.9 m 3 in terms of methane is about 140,000 kJ / day when converted into energy. Since the energy required for heating the methane fermentation tank is about 35,000 kJ / day, about 100,000 kJ / day, which is 75% of the energy of methane gas, can be effectively used as surplus energy.
The operating conditions are shown in Table 1 and the processing results are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
As for COD Cr, a high removal rate of 76% was obtained. Since the COD decomposition rate of surplus sludge in methane fermentation is usually 30 to 40%, this high removal rate is due to the pulverizing effect of coffee extract cake. Therefore, even if the order of pulverization and mixing is changed as shown in FIG. 1B or 1C, the same COD removal rate can be obtained.
[0018]
[Table 1]
[0019]
[Table 2]
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when methane fermentation treatment is performed on organic waste containing cellulose together with surplus sludge from biological treatment, it is possible to increase the amount of energy recovered and reduce the amount of waste generated at the same time. became.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) illustrates a first embodiment, (b) illustrates a second embodiment, and (c) illustrates a third embodiment. 4 illustrates an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change over time of the COD decomposition rate of unground coffee extract cake and finely ground coffee extract cake.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the average particle size of coffee extract cake and the COD decomposition rate.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biological
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002248903A JP3775670B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2002-08-28 | Method and apparatus for treating cellulose-containing organic waste |
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JP2005218981A (en) * | 2004-02-06 | 2005-08-18 | Ebara Corp | Pretreatment method and apparatus for extraction residue occurring from soft drink producing process |
JP2006167705A (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2006-06-29 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Biomass treatment method in sewage treatment plant |
JP2007038057A (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-15 | Shinzo Ito | Dry type methane fermentation method |
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JP2012101216A (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-31 | Meijo Univ | Method for recovering energy by rapid anaerobic fermentation treatment of fine grinding rice straw, and method for recovering fermentation gas in soil by fermentation gas circulation |
JP2013006164A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2013-01-10 | Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co Ltd | Wet type methane fermentation treatment method for organic waste |
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