JP2004055264A - Constant voltage energization heating method of metal plate - Google Patents
Constant voltage energization heating method of metal plate Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004055264A JP2004055264A JP2002209501A JP2002209501A JP2004055264A JP 2004055264 A JP2004055264 A JP 2004055264A JP 2002209501 A JP2002209501 A JP 2002209501A JP 2002209501 A JP2002209501 A JP 2002209501A JP 2004055264 A JP2004055264 A JP 2004055264A
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鋼板等の金属板を目標温度にまで定電圧で通電加熱する金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鋼板などの金属板を温間プレスするに際しては金属板を適当な温度に加熱する必要があり、そのために従来から通電加熱方法が広く用いられている。金属板の通電加熱に当たって従来は作業者が金属板の寸法、目標温度、目標時間等に応じて経験的に電流値や電圧値を設定して金属板を通電加熱していたので、最適な電流・電圧値を設定するまでに試行錯誤を要していた。また、金属板の寸法や材質が変更された場合にも、新たに最適な電流・電圧値を設定し直す必要があり、そのために加熱温度がばらついたりするという問題があった。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決し、経験や試行錯誤に頼ることなく、金属板に定電圧を加えて目標時間で目標温度まで精度よく昇温することができる金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法を提供するためになされたものである。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明の金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法は、金属板の抵抗率と比熱とを温度の関数として近似し、それらの関数を用いて金属に加える電圧と金属板の温度上昇率との関係式を求め、この関係式から金属板を定電圧通電により目標時間で目標温度まで昇温するに要する定電圧の値を求め、この値の定電圧を金属板に加えることを特徴とするものである。
【0005】
本発明の金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法によれば、金属板を目標時間で目標温度まで昇温するに要する定電圧の値を予め計算により正確に求めることができ、この値の定電圧を金属板に負荷することよって金属板を目標温度に精度よく昇温することができる。このため金属板の材質や寸法が変更された場合にも、直ちに電圧値を適切な値に変更することができ、加熱ミスを生ずることがない。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明の好ましい実施形態を説明する。
図1は本発明を実施するための通電加熱装置の一例を示す概略図であって、電極1、1間に支持された金属板に電源装置2から定電圧が加えられて電流が流れ、ジュール熱により加熱される。本発明では予め計算された定電圧が加えられ、目標時間で目標温度まで昇温される。このための定電圧の計算は以下のようにして行う。
【0007】
本発明の金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法においては、金属板の寸法と物性(抵抗率、比熱、比重)目標温度、加熱時間から定電圧の値を決定する。すなわち、金属板の寸法と電圧と抵抗率(体積抵抗率)から金属板に供給される電気エネルギーを求め、この電気エネルギーと比熱と質量から電圧と金属板の温度上昇率との関係式を求め、この関係式により必要な定電圧の値を演算して金属板に加える。ここで、抵抗率と比熱は温度に依存して変化するので、演算に用いる抵抗率と比熱は温度の関数として近似したものを用いる必要がある。以下、鉄板を例に本発明における電圧値の演算方法を説明する。なお、以下の計算においては放射による抜熱は小さいので無視している。
【0008】
先ず、抵抗を温度の関数として近似する。抵抗(Ω)をR、抵抗率(Ω・m)をρ、金属板の長さ(m)をl、金属板の断面積(m2)をαとすると、R=ρl/αとなる。抵抗率ρの温度との関係は図2に示すとおりであって、この抵抗率ρは温度Tの関数としてρ=aT2+bT+cの2次関数で近似できる。ここで、a=0.0000875×10−8、b=0.051×10−8、c=8.73×10−8である。また、比熱と温度との関係は図3に示すとおりであって、この比熱C(J/kg・K)は一次式C=pT+qで近似することができる。ここで、p=0.449、q=432である。
【0009】
さて、抵抗Rの金属板に電圧Vが加えられたときに金属板に供給される電気エネルギーP(W)は、P=V2R=αV2/ρlと表される。以下に、定電圧抵抗加熱について、時間と温度との関係を数学的に求める。
【0010】
比熱Cの金属板に電気エネルギーPが与えられることによる昇温速度は、dT/dt=P/m*Cで与えられる。mは金属板の質量(kg)である。この式のP,Cに上記の各式を代入すると、数1となる。
【数1】
ここで、B=ml/αV2とすると、数2となる。
【数2】
【0011】
この式の両辺を積分して時間tを求めると、数3に示す通りとなる。
【数3】
ここで、T0は昇温前の温度、T1はt1時間昇温後の温度である。この式は金属板の抵抗率及び比熱を温度の関数として近似したうえで、加熱時間を金属板の寸法と電圧および目標温度から求めるものである。
【0012】
この式より電圧Vは下記の数4で表すことができる。
【数4】
【0013】
このようにして計算された定電圧を金属板に所定時間tだけ加えれば、金属板を目標温度にまで精度よく昇温することができる。なお、電源装置2に上記の演算式を記憶させたコンピュータを接続しておき、必要な項目を入力するだけで直ちに定電圧値を求めることができるようにしておくことが好ましい。
【0014】
【実施例】
以上に説明した本発明の項かを確認するために、長さ0.2m、幅0.08m、厚さ0.0032mの鉄板に定電圧を負荷して3秒にて1000℃まで通電加熱した。金属板の寸法、目標時間、目標温度などから上記の式により演算した定電圧の値は7.01Vであった。この値の定電圧を鋼板に加えたときの温度変化を図4に示すが、予定どおり3秒の通電加熱により鉄板を正確に1000℃に昇温することができた。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明の金属板の定電圧通電加熱方法は、金属板の抵抗率と比熱とを温度の関数として近似し、それらの関数を用いて金属板に負荷する電圧と電圧負荷による金属板の温度上昇率との関係式を求めるので、この関係式から金属板を目標時間で目標温度まで昇温するに要する定電圧の値を正確に求めることができる。このため、この値の定電圧を金属板に負荷することよって金属板を目標温度に精度よく昇温することができる。したがって本発明によれば、金属板のサイズや品種が変わった場合にも、最適な定電圧の値を演算して通電することができるので、金属板の通電加熱を常に極めて高精度に行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施に用いる通電加熱装置の概略図である。
【図2】抵抗率と温度との関係を示すグラフである。
【図3】比熱と温度との関を示すグラフである。
【図4】定電圧加熱における金属板の温度変化を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 電極
2 電源装置[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a constant voltage energizing heating method for a metal plate such as a steel plate, which energizes and heats a metal plate to a target temperature at a constant voltage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When a metal plate such as a steel plate is warm-pressed, it is necessary to heat the metal plate to an appropriate temperature. For this reason, an electric heating method has been widely used. Conventionally, when heating a metal plate by energizing, the operator empirically sets the current and voltage values according to the dimensions, target temperature, target time, etc. of the metal plate to heat the metal plate. -Trial and error were required before setting the voltage value. In addition, even when the dimensions and the material of the metal plate are changed, it is necessary to newly set the optimal current and voltage values, which causes a problem that the heating temperature varies.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and applies a constant voltage to a metal plate to accurately raise the temperature to a target temperature in a target time without relying on experience or trial and error. This was done to provide a heating method.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The constant voltage energizing heating method for a metal plate of the present invention made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the resistivity and specific heat of the metal plate are approximated as a function of temperature, and the voltage applied to the metal by using those functions. A relational expression with the temperature rise rate of the metal plate is obtained, and from this relational expression, a value of a constant voltage required to raise the temperature of the metal plate to the target temperature in a target time by applying a constant voltage to the metal plate is obtained. It is characterized by adding to the above.
[0005]
According to the constant voltage energizing heating method for a metal plate of the present invention, the value of the constant voltage required to raise the temperature of the metal plate to the target temperature in the target time can be accurately calculated in advance, and the constant voltage of this value is calculated. By applying a load to the metal plate, the temperature of the metal plate can be accurately raised to the target temperature. Therefore, even when the material and dimensions of the metal plate are changed, the voltage value can be immediately changed to an appropriate value, and no heating error occurs.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an electric heating device for carrying out the present invention. A constant voltage is applied from a
[0007]
In the constant-voltage heating method for a metal plate of the present invention, the value of the constant voltage is determined from the dimensions and physical properties (resistivity, specific heat, specific gravity) target temperature and heating time of the metal plate. That is, the electrical energy supplied to the metal plate is determined from the dimensions, voltage, and resistivity (volume resistivity) of the metal plate, and the relational expression between the voltage and the temperature rise rate of the metal plate is determined from the electrical energy, specific heat, and mass. The required constant voltage value is calculated from this relational expression and added to the metal plate. Here, since the resistivity and the specific heat change depending on the temperature, it is necessary to use the resistivity and the specific heat used for the calculation as approximations as a function of the temperature. Hereinafter, a method of calculating a voltage value in the present invention will be described using an iron plate as an example. In the following calculations, heat removal due to radiation is small and is ignored.
[0008]
First, the resistance is approximated as a function of temperature. If the resistance (Ω) is R, the resistivity (Ω · m) is ρ, the length (m) of the metal plate is 1 and the cross-sectional area (m 2 ) of the metal plate is α, then R = ρl / α. The relationship between the resistivity ρ and the temperature is as shown in FIG. 2. The resistivity ρ can be approximated by a quadratic function of ρ = aT 2 + bT + c as a function of the temperature T. Here, a = 0.0000875 × 10 −8 , b = 0.051 × 10 −8 , and c = 8.73 × 10 −8 . The relationship between the specific heat and the temperature is as shown in FIG. 3, and the specific heat C (J / kg · K) can be approximated by a linear expression C = pT + q. Here, p = 0.449 and q = 432.
[0009]
The electric energy P (W) supplied to the metal plate when the voltage V is applied to the metal plate of the resistor R is expressed as P = V 2 R = αV 2 / ρl. Hereinafter, the relationship between time and temperature for the constant voltage resistance heating is mathematically obtained.
[0010]
The rate of temperature rise by applying electric energy P to a metal plate having a specific heat C is given by dT / dt = P / m * C. m is the mass (kg) of the metal plate. By substituting the above equations for P and C in this equation, Equation 1 is obtained.
(Equation 1)
Here, if B = ml / αV 2 ,
(Equation 2)
[0011]
When the time t is obtained by integrating both sides of this equation, the result is as shown in
[Equation 3]
Here, T 0 is the temperature before the temperature rise, and T 1 is the temperature after the temperature rise for t 1 hours. This equation is obtained by approximating the resistivity and the specific heat of the metal plate as a function of the temperature, and calculating the heating time from the dimensions and the voltage of the metal plate and the target temperature.
[0012]
From this equation, the voltage V can be expressed by the following equation (4).
(Equation 4)
[0013]
By applying the constant voltage calculated in this way to the metal plate for a predetermined time t, the temperature of the metal plate can be accurately raised to the target temperature. Note that it is preferable that a computer storing the above arithmetic expressions be connected to the
[0014]
【Example】
In order to confirm whether it is the section of the present invention described above, a constant voltage was applied to an iron plate having a length of 0.2 m, a width of 0.08 m, and a thickness of 0.0032 m, and was heated to 1000 ° C. in 3 seconds. . The value of the constant voltage calculated by the above equation from the dimensions of the metal plate, the target time, the target temperature, and the like was 7.01 V. FIG. 4 shows the temperature change when a constant voltage of this value is applied to the steel sheet. The iron plate could be heated to 1000 ° C. accurately by conducting current for 3 seconds as scheduled.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the constant-voltage energizing heating method for a metal plate of the present invention approximates the resistivity and specific heat of the metal plate as a function of temperature, and uses these functions to apply the voltage and voltage applied to the metal plate. Since the relational expression with the temperature rise rate of the metal plate due to the load is obtained, the value of the constant voltage required to raise the temperature of the metal plate to the target temperature in the target time can be accurately obtained from this relational expression. Therefore, by applying a constant voltage of this value to the metal plate, the temperature of the metal plate can be accurately raised to the target temperature. Therefore, according to the present invention, even when the size or the type of the metal plate is changed, the optimum constant voltage value can be calculated and the current can be supplied, so that the current heating of the metal plate is always performed with extremely high accuracy. Can be.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current-carrying heating device used for carrying out the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relationship between resistivity and temperature.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between specific heat and temperature.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in temperature of a metal plate during constant voltage heating.
[Explanation of symbols]
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7295327B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-11-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Measuring apparatus and exposure apparatus having the same |
JP2020017354A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 中央発條株式会社 | Heating device and heating method |
-
2002
- 2002-07-18 JP JP2002209501A patent/JP2004055264A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7295327B2 (en) | 2004-04-21 | 2007-11-13 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Measuring apparatus and exposure apparatus having the same |
JP2020017354A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2020-01-30 | 中央発條株式会社 | Heating device and heating method |
JP7111543B2 (en) | 2018-07-23 | 2022-08-02 | 中央発條株式会社 | Heating device and heating method |
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