JP2004044244A - Roller cutter of underground excavator, spiral roller cutter and cutter head having it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roller cutter of an underground excavator, a spiral roller cutter and a cutter head having it, for surely crushing a fibrous excavating material such as wood similarly to the rock, a reinforcing bar and the like, and improving the excavation efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: In the roller cutter, a blade part 13 or a projection part is disposed so that the pitch angle β around the axis 12 of rotation between the adjacent blades or between the adjacent projections and the spaces in the rotating direction are made unequal. In the spiral roller cutter having a spiral blade, the blade parts 12 are arranged so that the pitch angle β around the axis 12 of rotation between the adjacent blades or between the blades or the lead angle θ of the blade is made unequal. At least one of the roller cutters is mounted on the cutter head. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a roller cutter of an underground excavator such as a small-diameter pipe propulsion machine or a shield excavator, a spiral roller cutter and a cutter head equipped with the same, and in particular, rocks, gravel, concrete, reinforcing steel and wood in the ground. The present invention relates to a roller cutter, a spiral roller cutter, and a cutter head equipped with the roller cutter, which are suitable for efficient excavation of various kinds of buried objects.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when it is difficult to dig up existing buried pipes such as existing water pipes, if it is difficult to excavate them from the ground surface, the same method of using a small-diameter pipe propulsion machine as when burying new pipes is used. There is known a method of burying a new pipe while crushing the existing buried pipe by excavating the pipe in the lateral direction. FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of an existing pipe crushing method using a small-diameter pipe propulsion device. In FIG. 7, the existing buried pipe 36 has a cylindrical concrete part 38 and a reinforcing bar 37 buried in its axial direction and circumferential direction. Further, two vertical lumbers 42 are laid along the axial direction of the buried pipe 36 (that is, the burying direction), and horizontal lumbers 41 are installed on the vertical lumbers 42 at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction. The buried pipe 36 is placed on the upper part of the horizontal timber 41, and wedges 43, 43 are fixed on the upper part of the horizontal timber 41 and on the left and right sides of the buried pipe 36. It is buried in the ground in a good condition. As described above, conventionally, sleepers (so-called trunks) are often laid along with the buried pipes. In this case, the concrete heads of these buried pipes 36 are cut by the cutter head 31 at the distal end of the small-diameter pipe propulsion unit 30. It is necessary to efficiently crush both the reinforcement 38, the reinforcing bar 37 and its trunk (horizontal timber 41, vertical timber 42, wedge 43, etc.).
[0003]
In addition, shield excavators, which are generally used as tunnel excavation machines, efficiently crush and excavate various types of buried objects such as rubble, rock, concrete, reinforcing steel, and wood buried underground. It is required to improve efficiency.
[0004]
In order to meet such demands, conventionally, a roller mounted on a cutter head rotatably provided at the tip of a small-diameter pipe propulsion machine or a shield excavator (hereinafter collectively referred to as an underground excavator) is known. A cutter with an improved blade shape has been proposed. For example, a spiral roller cutter and a cutter head of a tunnel excavator described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-37680 are known. 8A and 8B are views showing an embodiment described in the publication, FIG. 8A is a front view of a cutter head, FIG. 8B is an explanatory view of a spiral blade locus, and FIG. 9 is a spiral roller cutter thereof. FIG. 1 is a detailed diagram of a conventional art.
[0005]
An outer peripheral portion of the cutter head 31 rotatably provided at the tip of the tunnel excavator has a rotation axis 32 in one diametric direction of the cutter head 31 and a tangential direction (ie, a cutter) on an outer peripheral surface thereof. Two helical roller cutters 33, 33 having a plurality of helical blade portions 33a having an angle (hereinafter referred to as a lead angle) θ of 45 degrees with the rotational tangent direction of the head 31 are rotatably mounted. ing. In a diameter direction orthogonal to the one diameter direction in which the helical roller cutters 33 are mounted, a plurality of circular blades are formed at predetermined intervals in the axis direction within a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis. The disk cutters 35 are rotatably mounted.
[0006]
According to the above configuration, when the cutter head 31 rotates in the S1 direction as shown in FIG. 8A, the spiral roller cutter 33 is pressed against the crushing surface of the existing buried pipe 36 and rotates in the S2 direction. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 8 (B), the reinforcing bar 37 protruding in the pipe axis direction from the crushing surface of the concrete portion 38 of the existing buried pipe 36 is pressed by the cutter head 31 and rotates in the rotation direction S1 of the cutter head 31. Bendable. The trajectory 39 of the helical blade 33a of the helical roller cutter 33 formed on the crushing surface moves obliquely at an angle corresponding to the lead angle θ with respect to the bent rebar 37. Since the cutting area of the reinforcing bar 37 is small and the cutting resistance is small, and the spiral roller cutter 33 crosses the reinforcing bar 37 while rotating, the reinforcing bar 37 can be cut reliably. Moreover, since the pitch interval P between the plurality of spiral blade portions 33a is small, the reinforcing bar 37 can be finely crushed, and there is no problem in that the reinforcing bar 37 does not become entangled during unloading and cannot be unloaded. .
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, even when the existing buried pipe and its hull are both crushed using the spiral roller cutter 33 and the cutter head 31 equipped with the helical roller cutter described in JP-A-10-37680, the following problem occurs. May occur.
When crushing wood such as a trunk with the conventional spiral roller cutter 33, the helical blade portion 33a is pressed against the wood and rotates to form a groove that matches the blade shape by shaving the wood. Therefore, crushing frequently occurs. The grooves of the wood are formed in parallel at a pitch P between the adjacent spiral blade portions 33a. For this reason, when the cutter head 31 makes a half turn or one turn, and the spiral roller cutter 33 comes to the above-mentioned uncrushed wood, one of the spiral blade portions 33a is formed in the groove formed last time. If it is slightly deviated from the position, the spiral roller cutter 33 idles and the spiral blade portion 33a fits into the groove.
[0008]
However, in the conventional helical roller cutter 33, the lead angles θ of the plurality of helical blades 33a are constant, and the pitch interval P between the adjacent helical blades 33a is also configured to be constant. As described above, once one helical blade 33a fits into one groove, the helical blades 33a thereafter also sequentially fit into the groove, and this state continues even when the cutter head 31 rotates. For this reason, the wood between the grooves remains without being crushed. The remaining portion comes into contact with the blade bottom of the roller cutter 33 and the front surface of the cutter head 31, and this becomes the propulsion resistance of the cutter head 31, which causes a problem that the excavation efficiency is reduced.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and an underground excavator capable of reliably crushing and excavating a fibrous excavated object such as wood as well as rocks and reinforcing bars, and improving excavation efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a roller cutter, a spiral roller cutter, and a cutter head equipped with the roller cutter.
[0010]
Means for Solving the Problems, Functions and Effects
In order to achieve the above object, a first invention is a roller cutter rotatably provided on a cutter head at the tip of an underground excavator, wherein a pitch angle around a rotation axis between adjacent blades or between projections or between projections is provided. Alternatively, the blades or projections are arranged and arranged with unequal intervals in the rotation direction.
[0011]
Further, a second invention provides a helical roller cutter having a helical blade, which is rotatably provided on a cutter head at the tip portion of an underground excavator, wherein a pitch angle about a rotation axis between adjacent blades, Alternatively, the lead angles of the blades are made unequal, and the blade portions are arranged and arranged.
[0012]
According to the first invention or the second invention, a pitch around the rotation axis between adjacent blades, such as a vertical blade portion, a spiral blade portion, or a protrusion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller cutter, or between protrusions. Since the angle, the interval in the rotation direction, or the lead angle of the blade in the case of a helical blade is made unequal, fibrous excavations such as wood are excavated with the roller cutter at a certain rotation around the cutter head. Even if a groove is formed without crushing at the time of crushing, at least a part of the trajectory of the blade portion and the protrusion is likely to be different from the previous time in the next round, and it is difficult to fit into the groove. Also, even if the trajectory coincides with one place, or if the blade or the projection has slipped into the groove at one place, at least a part of the trajectory thereafter is definitely different from the previous one. Therefore, the digging residue of the excavated material due to the roller cutter being stuck in the same groove is surely reduced, and the fibrous excavated material can be reliably crushed and excavated.
[0013]
A third invention is the helical roller cutter of the underground excavator according to the second invention, wherein the interval between the blades in the unequal rotation direction is within 20 to 50 mm.
[0014]
According to the third invention, since the interval between the blades in the unequal rotation direction is set within 20 to 50 mm, not only fibrous materials such as wood but also other excavated materials such as rocks, gravel, and reinforcing bars. On the other hand, a sufficiently large crushing force due to adjacent crushing can be exerted, and crushing and excavation can be surely performed for various types. Therefore, excavation efficiency can be improved.
[0015]
A fourth invention is a cutter head of an underground excavator equipped with at least one of the roller cutters according to the first to third inventions.
[0016]
According to the fourth invention, even a fibrous material can be reliably crushed and excavated with the roller cutter, so excavating with the cutter head equipped with the roller cutter can efficiently excavate underground without lowering the excavating efficiency. Can excavate. Therefore, the existing buried pipe can be efficiently crushed and excavated together with the trunk by using the small-diameter pipe propulsion device having such a cutter head. In addition, a tunnel excavator equipped with such a cutter head can efficiently excavate a fibrous excavated object such as wood, in addition to underground rocks, gravel, and reinforcing steel, thereby improving the excavation efficiency. .
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
First, a schematic configuration of a small-diameter pipe propulsion machine as an example of an underground excavator equipped with a roller cutter according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a front view of the small-diameter pipe propulsion apparatus, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
1 and 2, a small-diameter pipe propulsion device 1 includes a substantially cylindrical leading device 2 provided at a front portion of a not-shown leading conduit so as to be able to change directions in the left and right and up and down directions. Is provided with a cutter head 3 rotatable about an axis. On the outer peripheral portion of the front surface of the cutter head 3, two helical roller cutters 10, 10 having a rotation axis 12 in a diametrical plane including the axis of the cutter head 3 are rotatably provided. Each of the spiral roller cutters 10, 10 is rotatably fitted on a rotating shaft (not shown), and the rotating shaft is connected to the cutter head 3 via a pair of brackets 11a, 11b mounted on both ends thereof. Is bolted to the body from the front and back. The axis of rotation 12 of the spiral roller cutter 10 is such that the center side of the cutter head 3 passes near the axis of the cutter head 3 and the outer side is inclined by a predetermined angle α rearward in the excavation direction with respect to the front surface of the cutter head 3. I have.
[0019]
A plurality of helical roller cutters 5a, 5b, 5c having a rotation axis 6 in a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis 12 are rotatably provided substantially in the center of the front surface of the cutter head 3.
With the above configuration, when the cutter head 3 rotates in the S1 direction shown in the figure, these cutters pressed against the crushed surface and the excavated surface of the buried pipe and the ground roll, and the two spiral roller cutters 10, 10 rotates in the S2 direction, the spiral roller cutters 5a and 5b rotate in the S3 direction, and the spiral roller cutter 5c rotates in the S4 direction. The installation positions are provided so that the trajectories of the spiral roller cutters 5a, 5b, 5c and the two spiral roller cutters 10, 10 do not overlap each other.
In this embodiment, all the roller cutters are helical roller cutters so as to be able to excavate efficiently even if rebar and wood are present at any position in the excavation section. However, in the case where the existing positions of the rebar and the wood are clear and there is an excavated cross section that does not require the spiral roller cutter, the spiral roller cutter and the roller cutter of other shapes may be interwoven and arranged.
[0020]
3 and 4 are a front view and a side view, respectively, of the spiral roller cutter 10. The spiral roller cutter 10 will be described in detail with reference to these figures.
The helical roller cutter 10 has a plurality of helical blades 13, and the distance between the central portions in the longitudinal direction of the respective blades 13, that is, the pitch angle β of the helical roller cutter 10 around the rotation axis 12. Are irregularly set at a plurality of (two in this example) unequal pitch angles β1 and β2. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, β1 = 28 degrees and β2 = 32 degrees. At this time, the maximum outer diameter D1 of the spiral roller cutter 10 is about 250 mm, and the blade height h is about 25 mm. In setting these design dimensions, the thickness and the blade height h of the spiral blade 13 are determined by the magnitude of the pressing force when the spiral roller cutter 10 is pressed against the ground or the concrete part of the buried pipe. The helical blade portion 13 having the thickness and the blade height h is required to generate a tensile force of a predetermined value or more at the time of adjacent crushing, and the crushed material between the blades is smoothly discharged to the outside. The appropriate pitch angle β between the blades, that is, the interval between the blades in the rotation direction is set. In this case, the interval between the blades in the rotation direction is suitably within 20 to 50 mm according to the data of the present inventors.
Next, the operation and effect of the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 schematically shows the trajectory of the spiral blade portion 13 of the spiral roller cutter 10 for each rotation of the cutter head 3, and FIGS. 5 (a), (b) and (c) each show one round. 5 (b) and 5 (c), the dashed line indicates the trajectory of the previous cycle, and the solid line indicates the current trajectory. By setting the ratio between the maximum outer diameter D0 of the cutter head 3 (see FIG. 1) and the maximum outer diameter D1 of the spiral roller cutter 10 so as to deviate from an integral multiple, the trajectory of the first round of the cutter head 3 is started. The helical blade portion 13 of the helical roller cutter 10 at the position is different from the helical blade portion 13 of the helical roller cutter 10 at the start position of the trajectory of the second round. Moreover, since the pitch angle β between the blades of the spiral blade 13 of the spiral roller cutter 10 is not equal, if the spiral blade 13 at the start position is different as described above, FIGS. As shown in c), the trajectory of the helical blade portion 13 thereafter is surely different from the trajectory of the front circumference.
[0022]
FIG. 6 shows the deviation of the subsequent trajectory when the trajectory of the start of the second lap coincides with the trajectory of the first lap. FIG. (B) represents the trajectory of the second cycle, the broken line represents the trajectory of the previous cycle, and the solid line represents the current trajectory. As can be seen from the figure, at the start position of the rotation of the cutter head 3, the helical blade 13 of the helical roller cutter 10 is stuck in the wood groove formed by the helical blade 13 on the front circumference. Even if the trajectory of the current start position matches, the trajectory pitch β between the helical blade portions 13 of the helical roller cutter 10 is not equal. Will be different. Further, since the helical blades 13 are irregularly arranged at the irregular pitch angle β, there is a higher possibility that the subsequent trajectory is different from the previous trajectory, and the number of different trajectories increases. Therefore, at different positions of the trajectory this time, the crushing force of the adjacent crushing by the spiral blade portion 13 is reliably transmitted to the excavated material such as wood, so that the crushed material is easily crushed and excavated. Since the trajectory of the spiral blade portion 13 is different in the next round due to the displacement, the crushing can be surely performed. As a result, even a fibrous material such as wood can be finely crushed and excavated as a whole, so that the crushing efficiency can be remarkably improved. Further, the crushed material does not become entangled in the discharge pipe or the like, and the discharge can be easily performed.
[0023]
Furthermore, in the spiral roller cutter according to the present invention, the spiral blade portions 13 are formed in a plurality of rows, and the number of blades can be increased while maintaining the interval between the adjacent spiral blade portions 13 at an appropriate interval. Because it can be done, excavation efficiency is good. Moreover, since the lead angle θ of the spiral blade portion 13 is set to an angle of about 45 degrees (range of 30 degrees to 60 degrees), a fibrous material such as rock, gravel, concrete, reinforcing steel, or wood is used. Since various types of excavated materials can be reliably crushed and excavated, crushing and excavation efficiency can be improved.
[0024]
In the above embodiment, the pitch angle β between the helical blades 13 around the rotation axis 12 is set at two unequal pitch angles. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It may be set at two or more unequal pitch angles. In addition, as the number of types having different unequal pitch angles increases, and as the arrangement of the unequal pitch angles increases, the possibility that the trajectory changes after the next round increases, and the possibility of excavation can be increased.
[0025]
Also, instead of setting the pitch angle β between the helical blades 13 around the rotation axis 12 to be unequal, the lead angle θ (see FIG. 4) of the plurality of helical blades 13 with respect to the rotational tangent direction is not changed. By doing so, the same operation and effect as described above can be obtained. Further, the pitch angle β between the helical blades 13 around the rotation axis 12 and the lead angle θ of the helical blades 13 may both be made unequal, and a greater effect can be obtained.
[0026]
Furthermore, as an example of the roller cutter to which the technical idea of the present invention is applied, a spiral roller cutter has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.For example, a vertical blade roller cutter having a vertical blade cutter, or The present invention is also applicable to a chip insert type roller cutter having a protruding blade. That is, the interval in the roller cutter rotation direction between the adjacent vertical blade-shaped blade portions, or the pitch angle around the rotation axis is unequal, or the interval in the roller cutter rotation direction between the adjacent protruding blade portions, or By making the pitch angles around the rotation axis unequal, the same effects as in the above embodiment can be obtained.
[0027]
As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
The distance between the adjacent blade portions of the roller cutter (in the case of a spiral roller cutter or a vertical blade roller cutter) or between the protrusions (in the case of a tip insert type roller cutter) in the roller cutter rotation direction; Alternatively, the pitch angle around the rotation axis is made unequal, or the lead angle of the helical blade (in the case of a helical roller cutter) is made unequal, so that the locus of these roller cutters for each rotation of the cutter head is used. And the blades or projections of these roller cutters crush and excavate the excavated material at a position different from the previous round. In addition, even if the trajectory coincides with one location, the trajectory thereafter is different at least in a predetermined portion, so that it is possible to reliably crush and excavate. For this reason, even if the excavated material is rock, gravel, reinforcing steel, or the like, or a fibrous material such as wood, the excavation can be reliably performed, and the excavation efficiency can be improved. As a result, simultaneous crushing and excavation of the existing buried pipe and trunk can be easily and reliably performed by the small-diameter pipe propulsion device. In addition, even when excavating underground where various types of excavated materials such as rocks, gravel, reinforcing steel, and wood such as wood are mixed by a tunnel machine, excavation can be performed reliably and efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a small-diameter pipe thruster to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the spiral roller cutter according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the spiral roller cutter according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the operation of the present invention, and shows a spiral blade trajectory for each rotation of the cutter head.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the operation of the present invention, and shows a spiral blade portion locus when the locus at the start of the cutter head matches.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an existing pipe crushing method using a small-diameter pipe propulsion machine.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a cutter head of a tunnel excavator according to the related art.
FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a spiral roller cutter according to the related art.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Small-diameter pipe propulsion machine, 2 ... Leading device, 3 ... Cutter head, 5a, 5b, 5c ... Helical roller cutter, 6 ... Rotation axis line, 10 ... Helical roller cutter, 11a, 11b ... Bracket, 12 ... Rotation Axis, 13: helical blade, 30: small-diameter pipe propulsion machine, 31: cutter head, 32: rotary axis, 33: helical roller cutter, 33a: helical blade, 35: horizontal blade disk cutter, 36 ... existing buried pipe, 37 ... rebar, 38 ... concrete part, 39 ... spiral blade part locus, 41 ... horizontal wood, 42 ... vertical wood, 43 ... wedge material.

Claims (4)

In a roller cutter rotatably provided on a cutter head (3) at the tip of an underground excavator,
Pitch angles (β) around the rotation axis (12) between the adjacent blades or between the projections and the projections, or the intervals in the rotation direction are made unequal, and the respective blades (13) or the projections are arranged and arranged. A roller cutter for an underground excavator, comprising: A helical roller cutter having a helical blade, rotatably provided on a cutter head (3) at the tip of an underground excavator,
The blades (13) are arranged and arranged so that the pitch angle (β) around the rotation axis (12) between adjacent blades and the lead angle (θ) of the blades are made unequal. Helical roller cutter for underground excavator. The spiral roller cutter of an underground excavator according to claim 2, wherein the interval between the blades in the unequal rotation direction is within 20 to 50 mm. A cutter head of an underground excavator equipped with at least one of the roller cutters according to claim 1.

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