JP2003136371A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool capable of dispensing with, or reducing, time for detection of breakage, and shortening cycle time for processing. SOLUTION: A machine tool main body 1 comprises a turret lathe or the like, and is provided with a workpiece support means 6 such as a main spindle, a tool support means 7 such as a turret, and a tool breakage detecting means 9. A workpiece carrying means 2 such as a loader is provided to attach/detach a workpiece W to the workpiece support means 6. On a machine tool control device 5, a parallel action control means 30 to conduct attachment/detachment of the workpiece W by the workpiece carrying means 2 and detection of breakage by the tool support means 7 and the tool breakage detection means 9 is provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a lathe having a tool breakage detection function and a work transfer function.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, some turret lathes have a breakage detection sensor for detecting breakage of a tool of the turret (mainly a drill or the like). If the breakage detection sensor is provided at the indexing position of the turret during processing, it will hinder the operation of the turret and require a mechanism to prevent interference, so it may be installed at a position different from the indexing position. Many. The breakage detection operation is performed for the tool used in the machining of the next work before machining the next work. Specifically, the work is mounted on the spindle, and the breakage is detected before the first machining tool is indexed.

[0003]

However, when the turret indexing position when machining and the turret indexing position when detecting the breakage of the tool are different, it is necessary to detect the breakage before the machining with the tool. If this is done, tool stations with different turrets will be indexed each time breakage is detected, and if the number of tools that perform breakage detection increases, the cycle time will increase accordingly.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool which can eliminate or shorten the time for detecting breakage and can shorten the cycle time of machining. Another object of the present invention is to ensure that the parallel operations of the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection are performed with simple control.

[0005]

The present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 corresponding to the embodiment. This machine tool includes a work supporting means (6) for supporting a work (W), a work conveying means (2) for attaching and detaching the work (W) to and from the work supporting means (6), and a work supporting means (6). A tool supporting means (7) for supporting a tool (8) for processing a work (W) supported by the workpiece and movable relative to the work supporting means (6), and the work of the work supporting means (6). Tool breakage detection means (9) provided at a position apart from the support position (O) and within the movement range of the tool (8), and attachment / detachment of the work (W) by the work transfer means (2) and tool support. The means (7) and the parallel operation control means (30) for performing the breakage detection by the tool breakage detection means (9) in parallel are provided. According to this configuration, the parallel operation control means (30) is provided, and the work (W) is attached to and detached from the work support means (6) by the work transfer means (2), and the tool support means (7) and the tool breakage detection means ( Since the breakage detection according to 9) is performed in parallel, the breakage can be detected while the work (W) is being attached and detached, and the cycle time for machining the work (W) is shortened. Tool breakage detection means (9)
Is a position distant from the work supporting position (O) of the work supporting means (2) and is provided within the moving range of the tool (8) by the relative movement, so that the work does not occur without causing interference. Desorption of (W) and breakage detection can be performed in parallel. The parallel operation control means (30) may perform the breakage detection operation during the removal operation of the work (W), or during the removal operation. Alternatively, it may be performed over both the removal operation and the wearing operation.

In the present invention, a transfer control device (3) for controlling the work transfer means (2) according to a transfer program (28), the work support means (6), the tool support means (7), and tool breakage detection. The machine tool main body control device (4) for controlling the means (9) according to the machining program (25) is provided, and the parallel operation control means (30) is a command for causing the machining program (25) to perform breakage detection. And the transfer program (2
The work (W) may be detached and the breakage may be detected in parallel by interlocking with the execution of the command for detaching the work (W) in 8). The above-mentioned interlocking control is, for example, under the control of the transfer control device (3), when the work transfer means (2) waits for the attachment / detachment operation of the work (W) while waiting for the condition, the machining program (4)
The transfer control device (3) recognizes that the processing standby command (a2) has been read after the breakage detection command (a1) in (1), and the workpiece removal operation is performed assuming that the condition waiting condition is satisfied. It is set to control. Contrary to the above-described example, the above-mentioned interlocking control is such that when the transfer program (28) executes the instruction (b2) for attaching / detaching the workpiece (W), the workpiece attachment / detachment instruction (b2) is controlled. The device (4) may recognize and start the execution of the breakage detection command (a1) in the machining program (25). As described above, by making the transfer program (28) and the machining program (25) interlock with each other, the parallel operation of the attachment / detachment of the workpiece (W) and the breakage detection is surely performed by simple control. You can

[0007] The tool support (7) may be a turret in which a plurality of tools (8) are mounted on the periphery and can be indexed and rotated. In that case, the tool breakage detection means (9)
May be arranged at a position where breakage detection of the tool (8) at an indexing position that does not face the work supporting means (6) side of the tool support (7) can be detected. Thus, the tool supporting means (7) is a turret, and the tool breakage detecting means (9) is arranged corresponding to the tool (8) at the indexing position that does not face the work supporting means (6) side. In this case, the problem of interference between the turret and the tool breakage detecting means is avoided, and the tool breakage detecting means (9) has a simple structure such as an interference avoiding operation. However, on the other hand, when the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection are performed in series as in the conventional case, it takes more time. Therefore, the effect of shortening the cycle time is large due to the parallel operation of the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection in the present invention.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This machine tool includes a machine tool body 1, a carrier device 2, and a machine tool body controller 3 and a carrier controller 4 that control the machine tool body 1 and the carrier device 2. The machine tool body controller 3 and the conveyance controller 4 constitute a machine tool controller 5 that controls the entire machine tool.

The machine tool body 1 supports a work supporting means 6 for supporting the work W and a tool 8 for processing the work W supported by the work supporting means 6 and is movable relative to the work supporting means 6. Tool supporting means 7 and a tool 8 at a position distant from the work supporting position O of the work supporting means 6.
Tool breakage detection means 9 provided within the movement range of the tool. The machine tool body 1 is a turret type lathe, and the work supporting means 6 is composed of a spindle installed on a headstock 11 on a bed 10. Work support means 6 composed of this main shaft
Has a spindle chuck 6a at the spindle head. The tool supporting means 7 is composed of a turret, and is mounted on the bed 11 so as to be movable back and forth in the approaching / separating direction (X-axis direction) with respect to the work supporting means 6, on the feed table 12 in the front-back direction (Z) parallel to the main axis.
It is mounted so that it can be moved in the axial direction and indexed around the turret center. The motor 13 is used to move the feed table 12 back and forth.
And the feed screw 14. Similarly, the tool support means 7 is moved back and forth by a motor and a feed screw (both not shown), and the indexing rotation is carried out by an indexing motor (not shown). The tool 8 mounted on the tool support means 7 includes a fixed tool such as a bite and a rotary tool such as a drill and a milling head.

The transport device 2 is a means for transporting and removing the work W with respect to the work supporting means 6. The carrier device 2 is a gantry type loader in this example. In the carrier device 2, a traveling body 16 capable of traveling along the erection rail 15 is provided with an elevating rod 18 via a front-rear moving table 17, and a loader head 19 is provided at a lower end of the elevating rod 18. The traveling body 16, the front-rear moving table 17, and the elevating rod 18 are respectively driven forward and backward in the respective axes X, Z, Y by a drive source (not shown) such as a servomotor. The loader head 19 is provided with two loader chucks 20. These two loader chucks 2
As shown in FIG. 2, 0 is provided in a downward posture and in a front posture facing the work supporting means 6, and the positions thereof can be interchanged by a interchange mechanism (not shown).

In FIG. 1, the tool breakage detecting means 9 is arranged at a position where it is possible to detect the breakage of the tool 8 at an indexing position in the tool support 7 which does not face the work supporting means 6 side. For example, the tool breakage detection means 9 is located at a position where it is possible to detect the breakage of the tool 8 at any indexing angle position within the range of 180 ° facing the opposite side to the work supporting means 6 out of 360 °. Will be placed. In the illustrated example, the tool support 7 made of a turret is an octagonal one having eight tool stations S, and the indexing angle θ is 135 based on the indexing indexed to the work supporting means 6 side. The tool breakage detection means 9 is arranged at a position where the breakage of the tool 8 of the tool station S can be detected.

The tool breakage detecting means 9 may be any as long as it can detect breakage when it is mounted on the tool support 7, but in this example, as shown in FIG.
1 is made to contact and it detects. Detector 21
Is installed rotatably at the base end (rotation center P), and is provided so as to contact the tool 8 if the tool 8 is not broken by the rotation and to make contact if the tool 8 is broken. Detector 21
Is rotated by the detector driving means 22 (FIG. 3A). The tool breakage detection means 9 is adapted to detect contact by the resistance of rotation of the detector 21, an angle, energization, or the like. The tool breakage detection means 9 is installed on the machine body cover 23, for example.

The control system will be described with reference to FIG. The machine tool main body control device 3 and the conveyance control device 4 are both program type control devices including a computer. The machine tool main body control device 3 decodes and executes the machining program 25 by the arithmetic and control unit 26, and controls each part of the machine tool main body 1, for example, numerical control of movement of the tool support 7 in each axial direction and each part. Sequence control is performed. The sequence control means (not shown) may be provided separately from the arithmetic control unit 26. A breakage handling unit 27 is provided as one of the sequence control units. The breakage handling means 27 is
This is a means for performing a predetermined process, that is, a predetermined process, depending on whether or not the breakage detection unit 9 detects the breakage. As the predetermined processing, for example, the next work W is processed when no breakage is detected in the breakage detection process, and when the breakage is detected, the next work W is processed unless the predetermined processing is performed. It is supposed to perform processing to stop processing. The transfer control device 3 decodes and executes the transfer program 28 by the arithmetic control device 29, and controls each part of the transfer device 2, for example, numerical control of movement in each axial direction, opening / closing of the chuck 20, and replacement of both chuck positions. It is assumed that the sequence control and the like are performed.

The parallel operation control means 30 links the execution of the instruction for causing the breakage detection by the machining program 25 and the execution of the instruction for the attachment / detachment of the work W by the transfer program 28 to remove and attach the work W. Breakage detection is performed in parallel. In this embodiment,
Under the control of the transfer control device 3, while the work transfer means 2 is waiting for the attachment / detachment operation of the work W while waiting for the condition, the processing standby command a2 is read after the breakage detection command a1 in the processing program 25. When the conveyance control device 3 recognizes that the condition waiting condition is satisfied, the work attaching / detaching operation is performed. Specifically, the parallel operation control means 30 includes a machining standby command a2 in the machining program 4, a condition waiting command b1 in the transfer program 28, and arithmetic control units 26 and 29 that execute these commands a2 and b1. To be done.

The machining program 25 is provided in a unit for machining one work W. When machining a plurality of the same work W, the machining program 25 is repeatedly read. The machining program 25 includes a breakage detection command a1 and a machining standby command a2 before various machining commands a4 that are various commands for machining.
And an end confirmation command a3 are described. The breakage detection command a1 is a command for causing the machine tool body 1 to perform breakage detection, and for example, the tool 8 used for machining the workpiece W this time is sequentially indexed to the detection position by the breakage detection unit 9 and detected by the breakage detection unit 9. It is composed of a command to perform The tool 8 used for machining the workpiece W this time is, for example, various machining commands a4.
Is a tool included in. The machining standby command a2 is a command to put the machine tool body 1 into the machining standby state after detecting the breakage. The end confirmation command a3 is a command for confirming that the predetermined operation is completed, and when the completion is confirmed, the next various processing commands a4 are executed. As the command for confirming the end by the end confirmation command a3, there is completion of attachment / detachment of the work W by the work transfer means 2 to / from the work holding means 6.

The transfer program 28 includes a command (not shown) for transferring the work W from the work supply position (not shown) to the work support means 6, and a work removal for removing the work W from the work support means 6. A work arrival command b2 and a command (not shown) for conveying the processed work W received from the work supporting means 6 to a work unloading position (not shown) are described. The work removal / work attachment command b2 is a command for receiving the processed work W held by the work support means 6 by one empty chuck 20 and mounting a new work W on the work support means 6. Before the work removal / loading command b2, a condition wait command b1 is provided to wait for the conditions for the work removal / loading to be met. The condition waiting command b1 is such that one or all of the conditions is in the execution state of the machining waiting command a2 next to the breakage detection command a2 in the machining program 25. The fact that the processing standby command a2 is in the execution state can be recognized by, for example, confirming the on / off state of a predetermined flag (not shown) in the arithmetic control unit 26.

The operation of the above configuration will be described. In the repeating process of processing a plurality of works W, the work transfer means 2
Under the control of the transfer control device 3 by the transfer program 28, the new work W is gripped and transferred by one of the chucks 20, and in front of the work supporting means 6 composed of the spindle, according to the condition wait command b1 of the transfer program 28. stand by. The machine tool main body 1 starts the breakage detection according to the breakage detection command a1 of the processing program 25 under the control of the machine tool main body control device 4, and is put into the processing standby state by the processing standby command a2. The breakage detection operation is performed in the processing standby state. The conveyance control device 3 recognizes the standby state after the breakage detection command a1 by turning on a predetermined flag by the processing standby command a2, and the like, and determines that the condition of the condition wait command b1 is satisfied, the work removal / work load command b2. To execute.
In this way, the execution of the instruction a1 for detecting the breakage by the machining program 25 and the execution of the instruction b2 for the removal of the work W by the transfer program 28 are linked, and the work W is removed by the work transfer means 2. The breakage detection by the tool support means 7 and the tool breakage detection means 9 is performed in parallel.

Since the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection are performed in parallel as described above, the breakage detection can be performed while the work W is being attached / detached, and the cycle time for processing the work W can be shortened. That is, the time when the machining axis is originally idle can be effectively utilized. Further, the tool breakage detection means 9 is the work support means 6
Since it is provided in the moving range of the tool 8 due to the movement of the tool supporting means 7 at a position distant from the work supporting position O, the work W is detached and the breakage is detected in parallel without causing interference or the like. You can do it. The tool breakage detection means 9 is arranged at a position where the tool 8 can be detected for breakage at an indexing position that does not face the work support means 6 side in the tool support 8, and therefore work removal and breakage detection as in the conventional case. It takes more time to operate in series, but
Therefore, the effect of shortening the cycle time is large due to the parallel operation of the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection in the present invention. Further, by performing the breakage detection in this way, the next work W can be processed only when the breakage detection is normally completed, and the carried-out work W may be processed in a broken state. Since it is understood, it is possible to prevent the generation of defective products.

In the above embodiment, the breakage detection command a1
The transfer control device 3 may recognize the subsequent machining standby command a2 and cause the work transfer means 2 to attach and detach the work W. Further, the machine tool main body control device 4 may recognize that the work removal and work arrival command b2 in the transfer program 28 is read by the transfer control device 3 and execute the breakage detection command a1.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, the machine tool main body 1 is an opposed two-axis lathe, and the headstock 11B that constitutes one of the pair of work supporting means 6A and 6B is the headstock 11B.
It is installed on the rail 24 of No. 0 so as to be able to move forward and backward with respect to the other headstock 11A, and the work W is directly delivered between both work supporting means 6A and 6B.
For example, after the work W supported by the fixed work supporting means 6A and processed on one side is passed to the movable work supporting means 6B, the other side is processed. Of the tool supporting means 7A and 7B, the fixed side work supporting means 6A
In the tool supporting means 7A corresponding to, the feed base 12A is a two-stage stack of the upper feed base portion 12Aa and the lower feed base portion 12Ab, and the tool support means 7A made of a turret can move forward and backward in two orthogonal directions. However, the tool support means 7B corresponding to the work support means 6B on the movable side is configured to be movable back and forth in only one axis direction together with the feed base 12B. Although the breakage detection means is not shown in the figure, the breakage detection means is a position apart from the work support position of the work support means 7A, 7B for each tool support means 7A, 7B and the movement of the tool. It is provided within the range.

In the case of such an opposed two-axis lathe, the movable work supporting means 6B corresponds to the work conveying means in the claims, with respect to the fixed work supporting means 6A. In this case, the parallel operation control means (not shown) detaches the work W, which is an operation for delivering the work between the work support means 6A and 6B, and breaks the tool support means 6A and the tool breakage detection means. It is assumed that detection and detection are performed in parallel.

[0022]

The machine tool of the present invention supports the work supporting means for supporting the work, the work conveying means for removing the work from the work supporting means, and the tool for machining the work supported by the work supporting means. The tool supporting means movable relative to the work supporting means, the tool breakage detecting means provided at a position apart from the work supporting position of the work supporting means and within the moving range of the tool, and the work. Since the parallel operation control means for performing the attachment / detachment of the work by the transfer means and the breakage detection by the tool support means and the tool breakage detection means in parallel is not required, it is not necessary to take a separate time for the breakage detection. It can be shortened or shortened, and the processing cycle time can be shortened. The parallel movement control means includes a conveyance control device that controls the work conveyance means according to a conveyance program, and a machine tool body control device that controls the work support means, the tool support means, and the tool breakage detection means according to a machining program. And, in which the attachment / detachment of the work and the fracture detection are performed in parallel by interlocking the execution of the instruction for the detection of the breakage by the machining program and the execution of the instruction for the attachment / detachment of the work by the transfer program. In such a case, it is possible to ensure the parallel operation of the work attachment / detachment and the breakage detection with simple control. The tool support is a turret that can be indexed and rotated by mounting a plurality of tools on the periphery, and the tool breakage detection means is a tool at an indexing position that does not face the work support means side of the tool support. When arranged at a position where breakage detection can be performed, the conventional series operation takes more time, and therefore the cycle time reduction effect is large due to the parallel operation of work attachment / detachment and breakage detection.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the relationship between the work transfer means and the work support means.

FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a positional relationship between the work supporting means and the tool breakage detection means, and FIG. 3B is an enlarged view showing a relationship between the tool breakage detection means and a cross section of the tool.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a machine tool body according to another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Machine tool body 2 ... Carrier 3 ... Machine tool body controller 4 ... Transport control device 5 ... Machine tool controller 6, 6A, 6B ... Work support means 7, 7A, 7B ... Tool support means 8 ... Tool 9 ... Tool breakage detection means 20 ... Loader chuck 21 ... Detector 25 ... Machining program 26 ... Arithmetic control unit 28 ... Transport program 29 ... Arithmetic control device 30 ... Parallel operation control means

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A work supporting means for supporting a work, a work conveying means for detaching the work from the work supporting means, and a tool for machining the work supported by the work supporting means for supporting the work supporting means. And relatively movable tool supporting means, tool breakage detecting means provided at a position apart from the work supporting position of the work supporting means and within the moving range of the tool, and attachment and detachment of the work by the work conveying means. A machine tool comprising: a tool support means and a parallel motion control means for performing the breakage detection by the tool breakage detection means in parallel. 2. A transfer control device for controlling the work transfer means according to a transfer program, the work support means,
A machine tool main body control device for controlling the tool support means and the tool breakage detection means in accordance with a machining program, wherein the parallel operation control means executes a command for causing the breakage detection by the machining program, and the work by the transfer program. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the attachment / detachment of the workpiece and the breakage detection are performed in parallel by interlocking with the execution of the instruction for attaching / detaching the workpiece. 3. The tool support is a turret capable of being indexably rotated by mounting a plurality of tools on the periphery thereof, and the tool breakage detection means is an index which does not face the work support means side of the tool support. The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the machine tool is arranged at a position where breakage of a tool at the position can be detected.