JP2003119468A - Carbonizing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonizing unit capable of utilizing various kinds of raw materials, capable of adjusting a controlled burning condition according to the kind of the material, and capable of mass-producing a carbide from the raw material in a short time. SOLUTION: This carbonizing unit has a carbonizing furnace 1 which is composed of a furnace body 3 having an upper part formed into a charge and discharge opening 2 and a cover 4 positioned on the upper part of the furnace body 3 so as to be freely opened and closed, wherein the inside of the furnace body 3 is equipped with a carbonizing heating tube 6 made to be stood at the center of the furnace body 3, a cross tube 6a mounted on an upper part of the carbonizing heating tube 6 so as to cross the furnace body 3, and an air intake 10 and a firing heat source-introducing part 12 located in a lower space of the furnace body 3, and further the furnace body 3 is so structured that a bottom part of stacked layers of the carbonizing raw material T fed into the inside of the furnace body 3 is fired by using the firing heat source- introducing part 12, then the carbonizing raw material T is thermally decomposed and carbonized, and finally the material is taken out of the furnace body 3 through the charge and discharge opening 2 as the carbide.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbonizing apparatus for carbonizing a material to be carbonized, which is made of a plant-based raw material such as wood chips and bamboo chips, to produce a charcoal-like material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, along with the general trend of health in society, charcoal and other charcoal have a humidity control action, a deodorizing action, a negative ion releasing action, a harmful substance adsorbing action, a mildew-proofing property and an anti-mite property The outstanding properties of the charcoal have been noticed, and even in ordinary households, charcoal itself has already been placed in various places in the room or under the floor, put in a rice cooker, immersed in drinking water, bath water, etc. . Also, put the shredded or pulverized charcoal inside wall materials, ceiling materials, building materials such as flooring materials, fittings such as fusuma and partitions, sandwiched tatami mats, and beddings such as futons. Other products have been commercialized, and their applications are expanding in various fields such as soil modification and mixing with resins and ceramic materials, and the demand for them is increasing.

However, since the charcoal-based materials produced by a classical charcoal stove are dense and hard as represented by Bincho charcoal, they are not suitable for use as deodorants, adsorbents, soil modifiers, etc. In addition, it takes time and labor to manufacture, poor mass productivity, low profitability, limited raw materials, high cost, and large restrictions on the pot installation location.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention can utilize various raw materials, can adjust the combustion state according to the type, and can effectively perform the thermal decomposition of the raw materials, and the deodorizing performance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a carbonization apparatus which can mass-produce soft charcoal-based charcoal having excellent adsorption performance in a short time, has a simple structure, is easy to handle, and has few restrictions on installation location.

[0005]

The carbonizing apparatus of the invention according to claim 1 is a furnace main body 3 having an upper end opening 2 as an inlet / outlet port.
And a lid 4 for opening and closing the inlet / outlet 2 of the furnace body 3,
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the inside of the furnace body 3, a carbonization heating cylinder 6 having a hot air introduction hole 5 is provided in the center of the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 3. From the upper opening 2 to the vicinity of the upper end opening 2 and extending across the furnace main body 3 from the vicinity of the upper end opening 2 penetrates the side wall 8 of the furnace main body 3 to the outside, and an exhaust pipe 9 (FIG. 1, FIG. 7), the bottom 7 of the furnace body 3 is provided with an air intake port 10 (FIGS. 5 and 6), and the furnace body 1 is introduced through the inlet / outlet port 2.
The material to be carbonized T such as a plant-based raw material that has been charged therein is ignited, and the material to be carbonized Y is started to be thermally decomposed by the hot air of the material to be carbonized T that has been ignited. The carbonization heating tube 6 is introduced from the hot air introduction hole 5 to heat the carbonization heating tube 6, and the carbonized material T in the furnace body 3 is thermally decomposed by receiving the hot air propagated from the heated outer wall. The material to be carbonized T is thereby carbonized.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization apparatus according to the first aspect, the air intake port 10 takes in the air so that the material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 is thermally decomposed and carbonized at a predetermined temperature. It is configured to communicate with an outside air intake amount control valve mechanism 11 (FIG. 5) that controls the amount of outside air introduced into the furnace body 3 from the port 10.

A third aspect of the present invention is the carbonization apparatus according to the second aspect, wherein the outside air intake amount control valve mechanism 11 is used.
Is a control signal from the detection means 28 when the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust pipe 9 in the middle of the piping for heating the carbonization heating cylinder 6 is detected by the detection means 28 (FIGS. 1 and 7). The configuration is such that it is controlled by.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization apparatus according to the third aspect, the material to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 is determined from the exhaust temperature in the exhaust pipe 9 in the middle of the pipe where the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization is piped outside. In order to detect the optimum carbonization temperature for carbonizing T, the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust pipe and the carbonization temperature in the furnace body is processed in advance.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the introduction portion 12 of the heat source for ignition such as the gas burner 32 is provided on the back surface side of the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 3 (FIG. 5, FIG. 6) is provided, and high-temperature gas heated by the heat source for ignition introduced into the introduction section 12 is introduced into the furnace main body 3 from the air intake port 10 provided in the bottom of the furnace main body 3,
The material to be carbonized T in the furnace body 3 is ignited by the high-temperature gas introduced into the furnace, and thermal decomposition is started.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is the carbonization apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the furnace body 3 is mounted so as to be able to roll over by a mount 13 (FIGS. 1 and 2), and the furnace body 3 rolls over. The material T to be carbonized is put into the furnace body 3 at a position, and the carbide is taken out from the furnace body 3.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the carbonization apparatus according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the lid body 4 is a lid separate from the furnace body 3 so as not to roll over integrally with the furnace body 3. It is attached to the body mounting column 14 (FIG. 2) and is configured to open the inlet / outlet 2 of the furnace main body 3 before the furnace main body 3 rolls over.

An eighth aspect of the carbonization apparatus according to any one of the first to seventh aspects is that, as shown in FIG.
Is provided with a heat exchanger 15 connected via an exhaust pipe 9 that is piped from the furnace body 3 to the outside. The heat exchanger 15 is provided with an inner casing 16 and an outer casing 17, each of which has a bottomed tubular shape, and has an outer water cooling. An inner cylinder 20 forming a jacket 18 and a recovery liquid discharge port 19 penetrating from the center of the bottom of the inner casing 16 to the center of the bottom of the outer casing 17 to form a heat exchanger side exhaust pipe; Outer cylinder 22 having spiral fins 21 projecting close to the inner peripheral surface of the casing 16
To form an inner water cooling jacket 23, and between the inner and outer water cooling jackets 21 and 23 to form a spiral flue 24 whose upper end is closed and whose lower end communicates with the inner cylinder 20. The exhaust pipe 9 is communicatively connected to the upper part of the.

A ninth aspect of the present invention is the carbonization apparatus according to the eighth aspect, wherein the inner water cooling jacket 23 is detachably attached to the outer water cooling jacket 18.

[0014]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall schematic front view of a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view showing a rolling state of a carbonization furnace constituting the carbonization apparatus, FIG. 3 is an overall schematic plan view of the carbonization apparatus, and FIG. It is a side view of a carbonization apparatus and shows the carbonization furnace seen from the AA line direction of FIG. FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional front view showing the details of the inside of the carbonization furnace forming the main part of the carbonization apparatus, FIG. 6 is an enlarged vertical front view showing the bottom side of the carbonization furnace, and FIG. It is a partial cross section front view of the heat exchanger which comprises.

In these figures, reference numeral 1 is a carbonization furnace which constitutes a main part of a carbonization apparatus, and is a metal furnace body 3 which is formed in a cylindrical shape with a bottom and whose upper end opening is an inlet / outlet 2. 3 and a lid 4 which is also made of metal and is provided so as to be openable and closable, and the furnace body 3 is attached to a pedestal 13 so as to be able to roll over.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the furnace body 3 is
It is composed of a body portion 8 and a bottom portion 7, the outer periphery of the body portion 8 is covered with a heat insulating member 8a, and the bottom portion 7 has a void portion 25 formed between it and the outer wall 7a as described later.

Further, inside the furnace body 3, a carbonization heating cylinder 6 is erected at the center of a bottom portion 7 thereof up to a height position near the inlet / outlet 2 which is the upper end opening of the furnace body 3. At the same time, a transverse cutting pipe 6a extending from a position near the inlet / outlet 2 across the inside of the furnace main body 3 penetrates a body portion 8 which is a side wall of the furnace main body 3 and is piped as an exhaust pipe 9 (FIGS. 1 and 7) to the outside. To be done. To be precise, the transverse cutting pipe 6a of the carbonization heating cylinder 6 penetrates the body portion 8 and is connected to a relay pipe 57 having an opening / closing valve 35 with a lever 56, and the relay pipe 57 is connected via a known one-touch clamp joint 36. Is connected to the flexible connection pipe 34, and the flexible connection pipe 34 is connected to the above-mentioned exhaust pipe 9 via the same well-known one-touch clamp joint 58 (FIGS. 1 and 7). Bowl 1
5 is connected to the communication.

Further, the bottom portion 7 of the furnace main body 3 has a large number of air intake ports 10 at appropriate intervals in the circumferential direction and the radial direction.
The air intake 10 is communicated with the void 25, and the void 25 is communicated with the outside air intake 26 provided at the lower end of the body 8 of the furnace body 3.

On the upper surface of the air intake port 10 provided in the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 3, as shown in FIG. 6, the material T to be carbonized (see FIG. 5) to be charged into the furnace body 3 is introduced into the air intake port. A hole protection cover 10a formed of a chevron piece for protecting the air inlets 10 so as not to be blocked is provided corresponding to the position of each air intake 10.

As shown in FIG. 5, the outside air intake port 26 controls the amount of outside air intake so that the material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 is thermally decomposed and carbonized at a preset temperature. An outside air intake control valve mechanism 11 is provided. The outside air intake amount control valve mechanism 11 is installed at a predetermined position of the opening / closing valve 27 that is driven to open / close by the motor M and the exhaust pipe 9 connected to the carbonization heating cylinder 6, and at the installation point. The temperature sensor 28 such as a thermocouple (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 7), which is a detecting means for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas (smoke) in the exhaust pipe 9, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 28 are When the temperature of the exhaust gas at the installation location of the temperature sensor 28 corresponding to the set temperature set to the optimum carbonization temperature in the furnace body 3, that is, the set temperature of the exhaust gas, coincides, the control signal from the temperature sensor 28 , A control means (not shown) for driving the motor M so as to close the opening / closing valve 27 and adjust the outside air intake amount from the outside air intake port 26.

The optimum carbonization temperature in the furnace body 3 or the carbonization temperatures before and after the optimum carbonization temperature can be accurately estimated from the exhaust gas temperature in the exhaust pipe 9 that is piped from the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization to the outside. It is important to process various experimental data in advance so that the relationship between the exhaust temperature in the exhaust pipe 9 and the carbonization temperature in the furnace body 3 can be read numerically.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the furnace body 3
The void portion 25 on the back surface side of the bottom portion 7 is communicated with the ignition heat source introducing portion 12 forming the ignition portion, and the ignition heat source introducing portion 1
Reference numeral 2 includes a relay chamber 29 and an introduction cylinder 30 for introducing a heat source such as a flame from the outside, and an inlet 30 of the introduction cylinder 30.
The heat source F such as the flame of the gas burner 32 is introduced from a, and the high temperature gas heated by the heat source F by way of the relay chamber 29 is introduced into the void 25 and is uniformly dispersed in the void 25. The high-temperature gas is the bottom 7 of the furnace body 3.
Is blown toward the material to be carbonized T in the furnace body 3 from a large number of the air intake ports 10, and the material to be carbonized T is ignited and thermal decomposition is started.

Incidentally, as shown in the structure taken along the line BB in FIG. 6 in the direction of the arrow, the inlet 30 of the introduction part 30 is shown.
A damper 31 with a communication hole 31b is fitted in the guide groove 31a of the a, and the inlet 30a can be opened and closed by reciprocating the damper 31 as shown by an arrow. In addition, after the ignition work by the gas burner 32, the inlet 30a is closed by the damper 31.

As shown in FIG. 5, the upper end of the carbonization heating cylinder 6 extends to the vicinity of the inlet / outlet 2 of the furnace main body 3,
The upper end of the heating cylinder 6 is closed by a lid 33, and the upper end of the heating cylinder 6 is laterally oriented horizontally and traverses the inside of the furnace body 3 to form a horizontal cutting cylinder 6a.
The cross-section tube 6a penetrates through the body portion 8 of the furnace body 3 and the relay pipe 57 and the flexible connection pipe 34
Through the exhaust pipe 9 as shown in FIG. 1 or 7. The relay pipe 57 is provided with the on-off valve 35 with the manual lever 56 as described above.

The lid 4 of the carbonization furnace 1 is attached to a mounting arm 38 which is pivotally mounted by a pivot 37 to a lid mounting column 14 which is provided separately from the furnace main body 3, and sandwiches the pivot 37. A balance weight 39 is integrally connected to the mounting arm 38 on the opposite side of the mounting arm 38.

The balance weight 39 is a well-known opening / closing mechanism, and a chain block 40a and the block 40a are manually rotated in the circumferential direction to move the balance weight 39 downward. A well-known chain block type lid opening / closing mechanism 40 for opening the lid 4 is provided.

A plurality of clamps 41 for fastening and fixing the lid body 4 to the furnace body 3 are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, each clamp 41 is located on the furnace body 3 side. Bolts 41a that are rotatably attached in the vertical direction to the lid 4 and the bolts 41a that are attached to the lid 4 side.
It is composed of a tightening pedestal 41b having a groove (not shown) which is engaged in the state of standing upright, and a tightening handle 41c screwed to the bolt 41a. As shown in FIG. Body 4
After closing the valve, the bolt 41a is pivoted upward to stand up and is inserted into the groove of the tightening pedestal 25b, and the handle 41c is rotated and tightened to fix the lid body 4 to the furnace body 3. Has become.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the pedestal 13 is composed of a ground base 13a and a pair of column frames 13b and 13b standing upright on one end side of the ground base 13a. The furnace main body 3 of the carbonization furnace 1 is composed of both support frames 13
It is supported so as to be able to roll sideways by a rollover support shaft 43, 43 pivotally supported by bearings 42, 42 provided at the upper ends of b and 13b.

The carbonization furnace 1 is horizontally operated by the lateral operation mechanism 44. As can be inferred from FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, this overturning operation mechanism 44 is a worm wheel (not shown) fixed to one of the overturning support shafts 43, 43 that pivotally supports the furnace body 3. And a worm (not shown) that is fixed to the rotation operating shaft 45 that is erected on the support frame 13b of the pedestal 13 and that meshes with the worm wheel.
A handle 46 attached to one end of the rotary operation shaft 45
By turning, the furnace body 3 can be turned over to the required angle α as shown in FIG. When the carbonization furnace 1 is turned over, the flexible connection pipe 34 and the one-touch clamp joints 36 and 58 at both ends thereof are opened to disconnect the relay pipe 57 side and the exhaust pipe 9 side. Further, it is needless to say that the one-touch clamp joint 59 (FIGS. 1 and 5) provided between the outside air intake port 26 and the valve mechanism 11 also needs to be opened and separated.

FIG. 7 shows a sectional structure of the heat exchanger 15. The exhaust pipe 9 is connected to the heat exchanger 15, and as described above, the exhaust pipe 9 is connected to the relay pipe 57 on the carbonization heating cylinder 6 side through the flexible connection pipe 34. This heat exchanger 1
5, the bottom portion 16a is formed by the inner casing 16 having a funnel shape and the outer casing 17 having a tubular shape with a bottom to form the outer water cooling jacket 18, and the recovery from the center of the bottom portion of the inner casing 16 to the center of the bottom portion of the outer casing 17 is performed. Inner cylinder 2 that forms the liquid discharge port 19 and further forms the heat exchanger side exhaust cylinder
0 and an outer cylinder 22 having a spiral fin 21 adjacent to the inner peripheral surface of the inner casing 16 protruding from the outer peripheral surface form an inner water cooling jacket 23 between the outer water cooling jacket 18 and the inner water cooling jacket 23. The upper end is closed by the lid plate 47, and the lower end is connected to the inside of the inner cylinder 20 to form a spiral flue 24, and the exhaust pipe 9 is provided above the flue 24.
Are connected in communication. The cover plate 47 is bolted to a flange portion 16b formed at the upper end of the inner casing 16 of the outer water cooling jacket 18.

The upper end of the outer water cooling jacket 18 and the upper end of the inner water cooling jacket 23 are communicatively connected by a communication pipe 48, and a drain pipe 49 is connected to the upper end of the inner water cooling jacket 23 so that the outer water cooling jacket is connected. Jacket 1
A water supply pipe 50 with an opening / closing valve 50 a is connected to the lower end of the water supply pipe 8. Then, the cooling water is continuously circulated from the water supply pipe 50 to the outer water cooling jacket 18 and the inner water cooling jacket 23 and discharged from the drain pipe 49, so that the exhaust gas passing through the spiral flue 24 is cooled. Has become. If the bolt of the cover plate 47 of the inner water cooling jacket 23, which is bolted to the flange portion 16b at the upper end of the inner casing 16 of the outer water cooling jacket 18, is removed, the inner water cooling jacket 23 can be pulled out from the outer water cooling jacket 18. You can

In FIG. 7, 51 is an underframe on which the heat exchanger 15 is installed, 52 is a discharge pipe attached to the recovery liquid discharge port 19, and 53 is a bamboo shoot vinegar liquid discharged from the discharge pipe 52. Is a container for throwing in and collecting and is mounted on the carriage 54. Reference numeral 55 denotes an exhaust fan provided at the upper end of the inner cylinder 20 forming the heat exchanger side exhaust cylinder.
It is sent to an exhaust gas treatment device (not shown) through a.

In order to produce a carbonized product by the carbonizing apparatus constructed as described above, first, the carbonized material T such as a wood raw material or a bamboo raw material to be used is selected depending on the kind and size of the carbonized material T. Assuming that the material T has a desired temperature, for example 440 ° C., that requires a temperature (usually 370 ° C. to 500 ° C.) at which it is thermally decomposed and carbonized in the furnace body 3, the above-mentioned temperature corresponding to this furnace set temperature of 440 ° C. Temperature sensor 28 (Fig. 1,
The temperature of the exhaust gas at the installation point in FIG.
The temperature sensor 28, which is a detecting means for detecting the exhaust gas set temperature of 150 ° C., inputs a control signal to the input section of the control means.

Next, one of the one-touch clamp joints 36 and 58 at both ends of the flexible connection pipe 34 is opened to separate the relay pipe 57 side and the exhaust pipe 9 side, and the one-touch clamp joint of the outside air intake port 26 is separated. 59 is also opened and cut off, and the clamp 41 that fastens and fixes the lid body 4 to the furnace body 3 is opened, and the lid body opening mechanism 40
The chain block 40a is operated to open the lid 4 pivotally attached to the lid mounting post 14 upward from the furnace body 3 as shown in FIG. 1 or 2. Since the balance weight 39 is provided so as to correspond to the weight of the lid 4 at the time of this opening operation, the opening operation can be performed lightly. Further, by opening the heavy lid 4 as a separate body from the furnace body 3 before the furnace body 3 is overturned in this way, the furnace body 3 becomes lighter and the load of the overturning action can be reduced. it can.

After that, the handle 4 of the overturning operation mechanism 44
6 is operated to horizontally roll the carbonization furnace 1 slightly downward from its horizontal position as indicated by the arrow in FIG.

In this state, the material to be carbonized T made of a plant-based raw material such as wood chips and bamboo chips is put into the furnace body 3. When the charging of the material to be carbonized T into the furnace body 3 is completed, the handle 46 of the rollover operation mechanism 44 is operated again to move the furnace body 3 to the position shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the lid 4 is returned to the upright state, and the chain block 40a of the lid opening / closing mechanism 40 is operated at this upright position to move the lid 4
Is moved to a closed state to close the inlet / outlet 2 of the furnace main body 3, and the lid 4 is clamped and fixed to the furnace main body 3 by the clamp 41.

Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the damper 31 blocking the inlet 30a of the introduction portion 30 in the ignition heat source introduction portion 12 is moved in the opening direction to open the inlet 30a, and the flame of the gas burner 32 is opened. Introducing the heat source such as 30
To introduce. In the introduction section 30, the high-temperature gas heated by the heat source such as flame passes through the relay chamber 29 and the void section 25.
And the high temperature gas in the void 25 is fed into the furnace body 3 through the air intake port 10 of the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 3.

The material to be carbonized T in the furnace body 3 is heated and ignited by the high temperature gas sent into the furnace body 3, and thermal decomposition is started. Then, this ignited material T to be carbonized
Hot air heats the lower end portion of the carbonization heating cylinder 6 erected at the center of the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 1 in red, and the heated high-temperature gas is introduced from the hot air introduction hole 5 into the carbonization heating cylinder 6 Is sucked into.

The carbonized heating cylinder 6 heated in red further heats the carbonized material T around the heating cylinder 6 and the air in the furnace body 3, so that the carbonized material T generates heat, The material to be carbonized T starts thermal decomposition from the bottom of its deposited layer (this thermal decomposition starting temperature is about 85 ° C.).
When the material to be carbonized T starts to be thermally decomposed in this way, the damper 31 is returned to the original closed position and the inlet 30a of the introduction portion 30 is closed.

When the material T to be carbonized gradually begins to thermally decompose from the bottom of the deposited layer as described above, the outside air from the outside air intake 26 is naturally caused by the chimney effect of the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization due to the thermal decomposition. While being sucked into the furnace body 3,
Exhaust gas, that is, smoke is generated by the thermal decomposition of the material to be carbonized T, and the smoke is introduced into the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization from the hot air introduction hole 5 and enters the heating cylinder 6 as shown by the arrows in FIGS. The heating cylinder 6 is heated by the entering high-temperature exhaust gas, and high heat from the heated outer wall is propagated to the surrounding materials T to be carbonized and promotes thermal decomposition of these materials T to be carbonized.
The temperature of the surrounding gas is raised. Then, the exhaust gas passes through the horizontal cutting cylinder 6a that is continuously provided on the upper portion of the heating cylinder 6, passes from the relay pipe 57 connected to the horizontal cutting cylinder 6a, and passes through the flexible connection pipe 34 connected to the relay pipe 57. The air is discharged to the exhaust pipe 9, but at this time, the amount of air sucked from the outside air intake 26 is changed by the opening / closing valve 27 of the intake control valve mechanism 11.
Therefore, the material T to be carbonized is incompletely combusted, and the material T to be carbonized is thermally decomposed and carbonized in a state where the supply of oxygen is almost cut off.
Then, this state shifts from the lower side to the upper side of the deposited layer of the furnace body 3 and finally reaches the top of the deposited layer to form all charcoal-like carbides. Thus, the material to be carbonized T in the furnace body 3
When the whole is carbonized and the exhaust gas becomes pale in color, the on-off valve 27 of the outside air intake 26 is completely closed, the air supply is cut off, and then the temperature inside the furnace main body 3 is awaited, Carbide is taken out.

In the production of the carbide by the carbonization apparatus, as described above, the carbonization heating cylinder 6 is heated from the bottom to red by the ignition action of the ignition heat source introduction part 12, and the heated heating cylinder 6 heats the carbonization heating cylinder 6. Surrounding material T
Also, the surrounding air is heated, and the material T to be carbonized thereby generates heat and starts thermal decomposition. In the furnace body 3 of the carbonization furnace 1, heating for carbonization having a hot air introduction hole 5 at the bottom is performed. The cylinder 6 is erected along the center of the furnace body 3, and the transverse cutting cylinder 6a connected to the upper end of the carbonization heating cylinder 6 is provided so as to traverse the furnace body 3 for carbonization. Not only is the heating cylinder 6 heated from the lower part to its upper end,
The heating of the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization also heats the crossing cylinder 6a, and the heat of the entire heating cylinders 6 and 6a for carbonization thus heated is the material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 and the material to be carbonized. The ambient air present between the Ts is heated, which accelerates the thermal decomposition reaction rate of the material to be carbonized T, and the furnace body 3
The entire material T to be carbonized therein is uniformly and uniformly carbonized in a short time, and stable high-quality carbide is obtained.

Further, when compared with the structure of the carbonization apparatus in which only the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization is erected at the center of the furnace body 3 and the upper end of the carbonization device 6 penetrates the lid 4, the present invention can be used. In such a carbonization apparatus, the heating cylinder 6 for carbonization is erected along the center of the furnace body 3 as described above, and the heating cylinder 3 for carbonization is also provided.
Since the horizontal cutting cylinder 7 connected to the upper end of the furnace crosses the furnace main body 3 and the tip side thereof penetrates the body portion 8 of the furnace main body 3, the exhaust cylinder 6,
The length of 6a can be made as long as possible and the heating area can be maximized effectively, whereby the material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 can be effectively heated.

Further, in the production of carbide by this carbonization apparatus, prior to the start of production, the outside air intake control valve mechanism 11 causes the furnace main body 3 to thermally decompose and carbonize the material T to be carbonized in the furnace main body 3. Assuming that the optimum carbonization temperature in the inside is 440 ° and the temperature of the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe 9 at this time is 150 ° C. as described above as a result of taking various experimental data, the temperature sensor 28 Exhaust gas temperature at the sensor installation point detected by
When the temperature reaches 50 ° C., the opening / closing valve 27 operates in response to the control signal from the temperature sensor 28.

More specifically, this control method will be described.
If the opening degree of the outside air intake 26 by the original outside air intake amount control valve mechanism 11 is set to 90 degrees, the temperature of the exhaust gas reaches around 150 ° C, and when it exceeds that, the temperature sensor 28 opens and closes by the control signal. The valve 27 is closed once, for example. And 10 seconds later, the temperature sensor 2
8 again detects the exhaust gas temperature, and if it still exceeds about 150 degrees, the temperature sensor 28 further sends a control signal to the opening / closing valve 27 to give a command to close it once more. In this way, the exhaust gas temperature is detected, for example, every 10 seconds, and the temperature sensor 28 controls the opening / closing valve 27 to open / close every 10 seconds based on the detected temperature, and the exhaust gas temperature becomes stable around 150 ° C. Until it becomes stable, the on / off valve 27 is closed or opened until it stabilizes at around 150 ° C, it is judged that the optimum carbonization temperature in the furnace body 3 is maintained, and the on / off valve 27 is controlled. Stop signaling.

After that, the temperature sensor 28 detects the exhaust gas temperature every 10 seconds, and if there is a slight change in the optimum carbonization temperature, the control signal is continuously sent to the open / close valve 27 so as to correct it. Become.

In this way, in the furnace body 3, the optimum carbonization temperature near 440 ° C. corresponding to the temperature of the exhaust gas of 150 ° C. specified in advance is maintained, and in this state the material T to be carbonized is thermally decomposed. Will be carbonized.

In this case, if the set temperature of the exhaust gas is set to 180 ° C. and the temperature of the exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor 28 reaches 180 ° C., the open / close valve 27 is closed as described above. The material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 is thermally decomposed and carbonized at, for example, 470 ° C. corresponding to the exhaust gas set temperature of 180 ° C. In this way, the material T to be carbonized in the furnace body 3 can be thermally decomposed and carbonized at a temperature designated in advance, so that if the material T to be carbonized is of the same type, carbides of the same quality are always produced. Further, even if the type of the material to be carbonized T is the same, it is possible to produce carbides having different properties by changing the temperature at which they are pyrolyzed. Furthermore, as will be described later, the heat exchanger 15 volatilizes the exhaust gas. When collecting the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar that is forcibly cooled and condensed components, the desired wood vinegar depending on the thermal decomposition temperature,
Bamboo vinegar can be collected.

In this embodiment, the outside air sucked into the furnace body 3 from the single outside air inlet 26 once enters the space 25 in the bottom portion 7 of the furnace body 3 and is filled therein, and then is provided in the bottom portion 7. Since the air flows in a distributed manner from the large number of air intakes 10 into the furnace body 3, the combustion state in the furnace is not biased, and the combustion position remains at the same level throughout the furnace, and from the bottom to the top of the deposited layer. The material to be carbonized is further uniformly carbonized by this, and more stable and good quality charcoal can be obtained.

Examples of the material to be carbonized such as the plant-based raw material to be used include wood chips, bamboo chips, and nut shells such as nut shells, which can be used in a mixed form and have different sizes. But there is no problem. In addition, wood chips and bamboo chips are conventionally discarded or incinerated, such as waste wood of various bamboo products, unnecessary scraps and scraps generated in the sawing and processing processes, shavings, pruned cuttings, cut grass, etc. What was the target can also be used.

By the way, as was done industrially as wood carbonization in the past, various organic components, mainly acetic acid, are contained in the volatile components that are vaporized by heating wood or bamboo. By condensing, wood vinegar is obtained from wood and bamboo vinegar is obtained from bamboo, and these are now valuable. Therefore, in the carbonization apparatus of this embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 connected via the exhaust pipe 9 extending from the carbonization furnace 1
5, the volatile components in the exhaust gas are forcibly cooled and the condensed wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar is collected.

That is, as shown in FIG. 7, the combustion gas from the carbonization furnace 1 is introduced from the exhaust stack 9 into the flue 24 in the heat exchanger 15, and while passing through the flue 24, the exhaust gas The wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar that are condensed by forcibly cooling the volatile components of
From the recovery liquid discharge port 19 at the bottom of the inner casing 16 to the discharge pipe 5
It is collected in the container 53 through 2. In this case, the flue 24 in the heat exchanger 15 is formed in a spiral shape, and the inner and outer peripheral sides of the flue 24 are surrounded by the outer water cooling jacket 18 and the inner water cooling jacket 23. The small heat exchanger 15 allows the combustion gas to be cooled very effectively, and the bamboo shoot vinegar can be efficiently collected.

The gas passing through the spiral flue 24 is
The gas enters the inner cylinder 20 of the inner water-cooling jacket 23 forming the heat exchanger-side exhaust cylinder, and is discharged from the inner cylinder 20, that is, the upper end of the heat exchanger-side exhaust cylinder, and the exhaust gas is exhausted by the exhaust fan 55.
Will be sucked into the exhaust gas processing device (not shown) through the chimney 55a. Also, this heat exchanger 1
In 5, the inner water cooling jacket 23 is pulled out from the outer water cooling jacket 18 by removing the bolt of the cover plate 47 of the inner water cooling jacket 23 bolted to the flange portion 16b at the upper end of the inner casing 16 of the outer water cooling jacket 18. Both jackets 1 because you can
Cleaning of 8 and 23 can be performed easily and easily.

When the carbonization of the material to be carbonized in the carbonization furnace 1 is completed and the generated carbide is taken out from the furnace body 3,
Similar to when the material to be carbonized is put into the furnace body 3, the one-touch clamp joints 36, 58 at either end of the flexible connection pipe 34 and the one-touch clamp joint 59 on the outside air intake 26 side are opened and relayed. Pipe 57 side and exhaust pipe 9
The side and the outside air intake 26 are separated from the outside, and at this time, the open / close valve 35 of the relay pipe 57 is closed by operating the lever 56. Then, the lid 4 is attached to the furnace body 3
1 or 2 is operated by opening the clamp 41 which is fastened and fixed to the lid 4 and operating the chain block 40a of the lid opening mechanism 40.
The furnace body 3 is opened upward as shown in FIG.

After that, the handle 4 of the overturning operation mechanism 44
6 is operated to horizontally roll the carbonization furnace 1 slightly downward from its horizontal position as indicated by the arrow in FIG.

In that state, the carbide is taken out from the inside of the furnace main body 3. At the time of taking out the carbide, the furnace main body 3 is in an overturned state, and the take-out port 2 is at a low position, so that the carbide taking-out work is performed. Can be done very easily.

[0056]

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 1, various raw materials can be used as the carbonizing furnace, the combustion state can be adjusted according to the type, and the softening is excellent in deodorizing performance and adsorption performance. It is possible to mass produce carbides in the form of eraser coal in a short time, which is structurally simple and has few restrictions on the installation place. Further, when the material to be carbonized is put into the furnace body and when the charcoal produced from the furnace body is taken out, the furnace body can be turned over and its inlet / outlet port can be positioned laterally. It becomes very easy to put in and take out the carbide.

Further, according to this carbonization apparatus, the heating cylinder for carbonization is erected in the furnace body along the center of the furnace body, and is continuously connected to the upper end of the heating cylinder for carbonization. Since the transverse cutting cylinder is installed so as to cross the furnace body, the heating area of the carbonization heating cylinder is increased as much as possible to allow heat transfer from the outer wall of the carbonization heating cylinder and the material to be carbonized in the furnace body and the carbonization target. By heating the air inside the furnace body interposed between the materials, this accelerates the thermal decomposition reaction rate of the material to be carbonized, the entire material to be carbonized in the furnace body is uniformly carbonized in a short time, and a stable, high-quality carbon is obtained. Is obtained.

Incidentally, when compared with the structure of the carbonizing apparatus in which only the heating cylinder for carbonization is erected at the center of the furnace body and the upper end of the heating cylinder penetrates the lid, the carbonizing apparatus according to the present invention is used. In the inside of the furnace main body, a heating cylinder for carbonization that is erected along the center of the furnace main body and a transverse cutting cylinder that is continuously provided at the upper end of the heating cylinder for carbonization and that crosses the furnace main body are used. The length of the heating cylinder can be made as long as possible, and the heating area can be maximized effectively, whereby the material to be carbonized in the furnace body can be efficiently heated.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 2,
Since the material to be carbonized in the furnace body can be pyrolyzed and carbonized at a pre-specified temperature, if the type of material to be carbonized is the same, it is always possible to produce charcoal of the same quality. It is possible to manufacture charcoal with different properties by changing the temperature of pyrolysis even if the type of material is the same.Furthermore, when collecting the wood vinegar or bamboo vinegar that has been condensed by forcibly cooling the volatile components in the exhaust gas. In addition, the desired wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar depending on the thermal decomposition temperature can be recovered.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 3,
The outside air intake amount control valve mechanism is controlled by a control signal from the detecting means when the exhaust temperature in the exhaust pipe in the middle of the pipe where the heating cylinder for carbonization is piped is detected by the detecting means. Therefore, it is possible to easily control the carbonization temperature in the furnace body, and to produce high quality carbide.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 4,
The optimum carbonization temperature according to the material of the material to be carbonized in the furnace body can be easily detected from the outside of the furnace body, whereby higher quality carbides can be manufactured.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 5,
An introduction part of an ignition heat source such as a gas burner is provided on the back surface side of the bottom of the furnace body, and high-temperature gas heated by the ignition heat source introduced into the introduction part is introduced from the air intake port provided in the bottom part of the furnace body. Since the material to be carbonized in the furnace body is ignited by the high-temperature gas introduced into the furnace body and the pyrolysis is started, the structure of the ignition part is simple and the ignition operation is also easy. It can be done easily.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 6,
The furnace body is mounted so as to be able to roll over by a gantry, and the material to be carbonized is put into the furnace body or the carbide is taken out from the furnace body at the rollover position of the furnace body. It is possible to perform the work of charging the material to be carbonized and the work of removing the carbide from the furnace body at a low position,
Therefore, these tasks can be performed very easily.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 7,
The lid is attached to the lid mounting column separately from the furnace body so as not to roll over integrally with the furnace body, and the inlet / outlet opening of the furnace body is opened before the furnace body rolls over. Therefore, when the furnace body rolls over, the load of the heavy lid is not received by the furnace body, and the rollover operation of the furnace body can be smoothly performed.

According to the carbonizing apparatus of the invention of claim 8,
Since the flue inside the heat exchanger is formed in a spiral shape and the inner and outer circumferential sides of the flue are surrounded by the outer water cooling jacket and the inner water cooling jacket, the heat exchanger can be made compact while being constructed. In addition, the combustion gas can be cooled very effectively, and the bamboo shoot vinegar can be efficiently collected.

According to the invention of claim 9, the inner water cooling jacket can be easily taken out from the outer water cooling jacket, and the cleaning of both jackets is simplified.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic front view of a carbonization device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall schematic side view showing a rollover state of a carbonization furnace that constitutes the carbonization apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the carbonization device.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a carbonization furnace constituting the carbonization device.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional front view showing the internal structure of the carbonization furnace.

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional front view showing a main part of the internal structure of the carbonization furnace.

FIG. 7 is a partially sectional front view of the heat exchanger.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 carbonization furnace 2 entrance / exit 3 furnace body 4 Lid 5 Hot air introduction holes 6 Carbonization heating tube 6a Horizontal tube 7 bottom 8 torso 9 exhaust pipe 10 air intake 11 Outside air intake control valve mechanism 12 Heat source introduction part 13 mounts 14 Lid mounting column 15 heat exchanger 16 Inner casing 17 Outer casing 18 Outer water cooling jacket 19 Recovery liquid outlet 20 inner cylinder 21 spiral fin 22 Outer cylinder 23 Inner water cooling jacket 24 flue 25 void 26 Outside air intake 27 on-off valve 28 Detection means (temperature sensor)

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A carbonization furnace comprising a furnace main body having an upper end opening as an inlet / outlet opening, and a lid for opening / closing the inlet / outlet opening of the furnace main body, and a hot air introducing hole is provided in a lower portion inside the furnace main body. The heating cylinder for carbonization provided is erected from the center of the bottom of the furnace main body to the vicinity of the upper end opening, and a transverse cylinder extending from the vicinity of the upper end opening across the inside of the furnace main body penetrates the side wall of the furnace main body to the outside. Is installed as an exhaust pipe, an air intake is provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and the carbonized material such as a vegetable material introduced into the furnace body through the inlet / outlet is ignited, and the ignited material to be carbonized is ignited. At the same time that the material to be carbonized begins to be thermally decomposed by the hot air of, the hot air of the material to be carbonized itself is introduced into the heating cylinder for carbonization through the hot air introduction holes to heat the heating cylinder for carbonization and propagate from the heated outer wall. Received hot air, and the coal in the furnace body A carbonization device configured to thermally decompose the carbonized material and thereby carbonize the material to be carbonized. 2. The outside air intake for controlling the amount of outside air introduced into the furnace main body from the air intake so that the material to be carbonized in the furnace main body is thermally decomposed and carbonized at a predetermined temperature. The carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization device is in communication with the amount control valve mechanism. 3. The outside air intake amount control valve mechanism detects a temperature of exhaust gas in an exhaust pipe in the middle of the pipe where the heating cylinder for carbonization is piped to the outside by a detection means, and outputs a control signal from the detection means. The carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization device is controlled by the following. 4. The inside of the exhaust pipe is preliminarily set so that the optimum carbonization temperature for carbonizing the material to be carbonized in the furnace body is detected from the exhaust temperature inside the exhaust pipe where the heating cylinder for carbonization is piped outside. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein data processing is performed on the relationship between the exhaust temperature and the carbonization temperature in the furnace body. 5. An introduction part of an ignition heat source such as a gas burner is provided on the back surface side of the bottom of the furnace body, and a high temperature gas heated by the ignition heat source introduced into the introduction part is provided at the bottom of the furnace body. The material to be carbonized in the furnace body is ignited and pyrolyzed by being introduced into the furnace body from the air intake port and introduced into the furnace body by the high temperature gas introduced into the furnace body. The carbonization device described. 6. The furnace body is mounted so as to be able to roll over by a gantry, and a material to be carbonized is put into the furnace body or a carbide is taken out from the furnace body at a rollover position of the furnace body. Item 6. The carbonization device according to any one of Items 1 to 5. 7. The lid is attached to a lid mounting column separately from the furnace main body so as not to roll over integrally with the furnace main body, and an inlet / outlet opening of the furnace main body is opened before the furnace main body rolls over. The carbonization device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is adapted to be used. 8. A heat exchanger that is connected to the carbonization furnace via an exhaust pipe that is piped from the furnace body to the outside, and the heat exchanger includes a bottomed cylindrical inner casing and an outer casing, respectively. In addition to forming an outer water cooling jacket, an inner cylinder that forms a heat exchanger side exhaust cylinder by forming a recovery liquid discharge port from the center of the bottom of the inner casing through the center of the bottom of the outer casing, and the inside of the inner casing An inner water-cooling jacket is formed by an outer cylinder having spiral fins projecting close to the peripheral surface, and the upper and lower ends are closed and the lower end communicates with the inner cylinder between the inner and outer water-cooling jackets. The carbonization device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the exhaust pipe is connected to the upper part of the flue. 9. The carbonization device according to claim 8, wherein the inner water cooling jacket is detachably attached to the outer water cooling jacket.