JP2003177326A - Operating microscope - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an operating microorganism which permits good observation by allowing much illumination light to arrive at an operating site even in observation particularly at a high magnification when an observer gives a patient medical treatment of the deep operating site without the loss of the illumination light or without upsizing of the microscope. <P>SOLUTION: The operating microscope is so formed as to change the relative angle of the illumination optical axis L<SB>2</SB>of an illumination optical system with the observation optical axis L<SB>1</SB>of an observation optical system by accompanying the displacement of a moving lens possessed by a variable power lens system 3 and to approximate the illumination optical axis L<SB>2</SB>to the observation optical axis L<SB>1</SB>in the observation at the high magnification as compared to the observation at the low magnification. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a surgical microscope capable of changing the magnification of an image to be observed.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, with the demand for minimally invasive surgery, many operations using a surgical microscope have been performed in order to enable fine treatment. Normally, a surgical microscope has an optical system with a function of changing the observation magnification. Therefore, for example, in neurosurgery, the tumor is removed or the malformation of a deformed blood vessel is prevented. Various treatments, such as vascular anastomosis, can be performed under observation at optimal magnification.

Further, the surgical site is not limited to a flat surface, but there are many surgical sites located deep in a deeply dug surgical site. Therefore, particularly in the case of a surgical site where a deep hole is formed, the illumination light that tries to illuminate the surgical site is easily blocked at the entrance of the hole.
The optical axis of the illumination light is preferably closer to the optical axis of the observation light for observing the surgical site in order to allow sufficient illumination light to reach a deep portion.

Therefore, the optical axis of the illumination light for illuminating the surgical site (hereinafter referred to as the illumination optical axis) becomes the optical axis of the observation light for observing the surgical site (hereinafter referred to as the observation optical axis). Various types have been conventionally proposed in which they are arranged close to each other, or the observation optical axis and the illumination optical axis are aligned.

For example, in the surgical microscope disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 8-257037, a semi-transmissive / semi-reflective member is arranged just below the observation optical system (on the optical axis), and is viewed from a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the observation optical system. By illuminating the semitransparent-semi-reflective member with an illumination light beam so that the observation optical axis and the illumination optical axis coincide with each other, the operation light is irradiated from a direction completely coincident with the observation optical axis. There is.

Further, in the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent No. 3,011,950 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-73769, when the surgical site is located in a deep hole, a large amount of illumination light is emitted in the deep hole. The irradiation axis of the illumination light emitted from the light source built into the surgical microscope for irradiation is divided into two systems, and the irradiation axis of each illumination light is fixed at a position symmetrical to the observation optical axis. Arranged and fixed 2
The illumination light is emitted from the direction toward the observation target.

Further, in the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-44101 and Japanese Patent No. 2891923, the left and right eyes of the observer are respectively corresponded to from the portion of the objective lens located above the object facing surface. The illumination optical system is configured to guide the illumination light flux to the surgical site through the intermediate region between the pair of left and right observation light fluxes, and the surgical site is illuminated from between the pair of left and right observation light fluxes.

[0008]

By the way, JP-A-8-
In the surgical microscope of Japanese Patent No. 257037, since the semi-transmissive / semi-reflective member is arranged on the optical axis of the observation optical system, only half of the illumination light emitted from the light source can be guided to the observation target and further reflected by the observation target. Then, since the illumination light flux heading for the observation optical system also passes through the semi-transmissive-semi-reflective member again and enters the observation optical system, the brightness observed by the observer is further reduced,
The amount of light is about one-fourth. Therefore,
The operator had to perform an operation under a dark observation image or use an expensive high-intensity light source capable of emitting a very bright light amount with respect to the light amount required for observation.

In the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-44101 and Japanese Patent No. 2891923, the left and right observation optical systems corresponding to the left and right eyes of the observer are avoided by avoiding the illumination optical system located at the center. Since they must be arranged on the left and right sides, the distance between the left and right observation light beams is greatly separated. Therefore, even if the illumination light flux reaches the bottom of the deep hole, the observation light flux is blocked by the edge of the entrance of this hole, and the bottom of the hole cannot be observed. Not only that,
Since the distance between the left and right observation light beams is greatly separated, the size of the microscope itself is increased.

Further, in the surgical microscopes of Japanese Patent No. 3011950 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-73769, the illumination light is emitted toward the observation target from a position symmetrical with respect to the observation optical axis. Although it is possible to illuminate the inner wall of the deep hole brightly compared to the case of irradiating from the bottom, the angle itself made by the illumination optical axis with respect to the observation optical axis does not change at all at the bottom of the deep hole, as it does in conventional microscopes. The illumination light has not reached the operating site sufficiently.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to treat an operation site having a deep bottom, particularly for an observer without causing a loss of illumination light and an increase in size of a microscope. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surgical microscope that allows sufficient illumination light to reach the surgical site for good observation even when performing high-magnification observation.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, an objective lens to which a light beam from an observation object is incident and a light beam from the objective lens is incident to change the observation magnification of the observation object. A variator lens system, an observing unit for observing an optical image formed based on a light beam from the variator lens system, and the observation unit arranged in a space between the objective lens and the observation target. A surgical microscope comprising: an illumination optical system capable of irradiating an object with illumination light; and a changing unit that changes the relative position of at least a part of the illumination optical system and the optical axis of the objective lens.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the objective lens on which the light flux from the observation target is incident, the illumination optical system for irradiating the observation target with illumination light, and the light flux from the objective lens are incident on the observation lens. A variable power lens system for changing the observation magnification of an object, an observation optical system for forming two observation light beams having a parallax for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and formation based on the two observation light beams from the observation optical system An observing means for observing an optical image, and at least one optical element of the illuminating optical system is inserted between the two observation light beams in accordance with a magnification changing operation of the variable power lens system with respect to the observation target. A surgical microscope comprising: an optical element; and a changing unit that changes a relative position between the optical axis of the objective lens.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the changing means is interlocked with the zooming operation from the low magnification observation to the high magnification observation based on the operation of the zoom lens system, and at least one of the illumination optical systems is operated. The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the part is displaced so as to approach the optical axis of the objective lens.

According to the above arrangement, when the magnification of the observed image is high, the illumination optical system can be brought closer to the objective lens without blocking the observation light flux, and the illumination optical system is closer to the observation optical axis than when the magnification is low. It is possible to irradiate the observation target with illumination light from a position close to the observation target. In addition to the above, in the invention according to claim 1, since the illumination light does not pass through the objective lens,
Flare due to illumination light due to surface reflection of the objective lens does not occur.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) FIGS. 1 and 2
The surgical microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and 2 each show a schematic configuration of a surgical microscope as viewed from the side, FIG. 1 shows a state in which an observation target is observed at a low magnification, and FIG. 2 shows an observation target at a high magnification. Shows the state of being observed.

In the observation means of a stereoscopic microscope such as this surgical microscope, the optical system behind the objective lens constitutes a pair of left and right observation optical systems so as to give parallax corresponding to the left and right eyes of the observer. Since FIGS. 1 and 2 are views of the surgical microscope as viewed from the side, only one of the observation optical systems is shown.

Reference numeral 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 denotes an objective lens of an observation optical system (observation means), and the objective lens 1 has an observation object (operative part) 2 as a focal position. The objective lens 1 outputs the light flux incident on it to the variable power lens system 3 as an afocal light flux. When the surgical microscope is viewed from the side as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical axes (observation optical axis L1) of the objective lens 1 and the variable power lens system 3 are aligned on the same straight line. appear.

The angle of view of the light beam between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2 is different between when observed at low magnification (FIG. 1) and when observed at high magnification (FIG. 2). The view angle in FIG. 1 observed at low magnification is “A”, and the view angle in FIG. 2 observed at high magnification is “A ′”. Generally, in a surgical microscope, the position of the pupil is away from the objective lens 1, so the image of the light flux when observing at a low magnification with respect to the angle of view “A ′” of the light flux in the state of observing at a high magnification. The width of the corner "A" is wide.

The variable power lens system 3 of the observation optical system performs afocal variable power on the light beam incident from the objective lens 1 and outputs it again to the eyepiece optical system 4 as an afocal light beam.

The eyepiece optical system 4 comprises an image forming lens 5 and an eyepiece lens 6. The imaging lens 5 is arranged on the optical axis L1, and the afocal light beam emitted from the variable power lens system 3 is incident on this. The imaging lens 5
The light flux emitted from the image pickup device passes through the reflecting member 8 and the reflecting member 9 and is imaged at the image forming position 7. The eyepiece lens 6 magnifies the image formed at the image forming position 7 so that the operator can observe it.

The variable power lens system 3 includes three lenses 3a,
Lenses 3a and 3c at both ends are fixed to the mirror housing 10 through fixed lens frames (not shown), and the lens 3b located in the middle is the observation optical axis L1.
It is fixed to a movable lens frame 11 which can be moved along. The movable lens frame 11 includes guide shafts 12a and 12b.
Is guided to move along the observation optical axis L1. The moving lens frame 11 has the guide shafts 12a and 1a.
A fitting hole (not shown) through which 2b penetrates is provided. The guide shafts 12a and 12b are arranged on the left and right sides of the observation optical axis L1 in the mirror housing 10 and are arranged in parallel with the observation optical axis L1. Both ends of the guide shafts 12a and 12b are supported by the mirror housing 10.

A cam barrel 13 is installed in the body housing 10 adjacent to one of the guide shafts 12a, and a center axis of rotation is arranged in parallel with the guide shaft 12a. 1 is rotatably supported in the direction of the middle arrow B. A cam groove 14 is formed on the outer circumference of the cam barrel 13, and the other protruding end of a driven pin 15 having one end embedded and fixed in the movable lens frame 11 is fitted into and engaged with the cam groove 14. The cam barrel 13 is rotationally driven by a motor 16 controlled by an external input means (not shown). The motor 16 has an output shaft 17 arranged coaxially with the cam barrel 13, and the output shaft 17 is coaxially connected to the cam barrel 13. The main body of the motor 16 is fixed to the mirror housing 10.

On the other hand, a substantially cylindrical illumination housing 21 for accommodating an illumination light source of an illumination optical system, which will be described later, is attached to the front surface of the mirror housing 10 so that the inclination angle can be changed. An illumination light source 23 having a reflecting mirror 22, a condenser lens 24, a reflecting member 25 for directing the emission direction of the illumination light emitted from the illumination light source 23 to the observation target 2 and the like are provided in the illumination housing 21. ing. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optical axis (illumination optical axis) L of the illumination light flux emitted from the reflecting member 25 and directed to the observation target 2.
Reference numeral 2 is adjacent to the reflector 22 disposed inside the illumination housing 21 in a biased manner near the mirror housing 10 as compared with the optical axis L3 of the optical system formed by the illumination light source 23 and the condenser lens 24. Then, this illumination optical system is arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2, and the illumination light is introduced from the side of the space and is irradiated toward the observation target 2 by the reflecting member 25. It is like this.

The front end portion 21a of the illumination housing 21 incorporating the reflecting member 25 is bent so as to project toward the mirror housing 10 side from other housing portions, and the front end portion 21a and the objective lens 1 are formed. It protrudes toward the observation optical axis L1 in the space between the observation objects 2. The optical axes L2 and L3 related to the illumination optical system are parallel. The reflecting member 25 may be a mirror or a prism.

Next, the illumination light irradiation angle changing means for changing the relative angle of the objective lens 1 to the observation optical axis L1 by changing the inclination angle of the illumination housing 21 and changing the illumination angle X will be described. Driven pins 31a and 31b are provided on the upper end side and the lower end side of the illumination housing 21,
The driven pins 31a and 31b are respectively fitted into corresponding ones of the long holes 33a and 33b formed in the wing-shaped portions 32a and 32b projecting from the body housing 10. The long holes 33a and 33b formed in the wing-shaped portions 32a and 32b are each formed in an arc shape whose center coincides with one point of the observation target 2. The long holes 33a, 3
3b respectively correspond to the driven pins 31a and 31b.
Is slidably fitted, whereby the illumination housing 21 is supported by the mirror housing 10 and at the same time tiltable about the position of the observation object 2.

Mirror housing 10 and lighting housing 21
Are provided with spring hooking portions 35 and 36 facing each other. A tension spring 37 is installed on the spring hooks 35 and 36. That is, one end of the tension spring 37 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 35 of the mirror housing 10, and the other end of the tension spring 37 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 36 of the illumination housing 21. The tension spring 37 constantly pulls and biases the lighting housing 21 so as to move it toward the lens housing 10.

A restricting projection 38 is integrally formed on the movable lens frame 11 of the variable power lens system 3, and the restricting projection 3 is formed.
Reference numeral 8 projects toward the lighting housing 21. The restricting protrusion 38 penetrates through the window 39 opened in the side wall of the lens housing 10 to be exposed to the outside of the lens housing 10, and its tip abuts against the side surface of the illumination housing 21 and is in contact therewith. The length of the restricting protrusion 38 does not change per se, but the illumination housing 21 is appropriately tilted by moving up and down together with the movable lens frame 11. Within a range that does not overlap with the observation light flux having the width of the angle of view "A" when observing at low magnification, nor the observation light flux having the width of the angle of view "A '" when observing at high magnification. The length should be regulated so that the tip 21a of the illumination housing 21 is always as close as possible to the observation light beam. That is, in the state of FIG. 1 under observation at a low magnification, the movable lens frame 11 descends and the pushing amount of the illumination housing 21 changes, so that the distal end portion 21a of the illumination housing 21 has an angle of view of "A". Even if it does not overlap with the region of the observation light flux, it comes as close as possible to the region of the observation light flux, and in the state of FIG. It is located as close as possible to the region of the observation light flux.

Next, the operation of the surgical microscope of this embodiment will be described. The light emitted from the illumination light source 23 illuminates the observation target 2 obliquely from the side of the observation optical axis L1 between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2 via the condenser lens 24 and the reflecting member 25. Further, the illumination light reflected by the observation object 2 enters the objective lens 1, then passes through the variable power lens system 3 and the imaging lens 5, and an eyepiece 6 forms an image at the imaging position 7 with parallax. The operator 40 magnifies and observes the image.

By the way, in the observation state at a low magnification shown in FIG. 1, the angle X formed by the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L2 is relatively large according to the width of the angle of view A of the observation light beam. When converting from this state to the state of observing at high magnification, the motor 16 is driven by an external input means (not shown). Then, the cam cylinder 13 connected to the motor 16 rotates. When the cam barrel 13 rotates, the guide shafts 12a, 1a are driven through the driven pin 15 engaged with the cam groove 14.
The movable lens frame 11 fitted with 2b moves upward along the observation optical axis L1, and as a result, the movable lens frame 11 is located at the upper position shown in FIG. The moving lens frame 11
Along with the movement of the moving lens frame 11
Since 8 is also displaced, the illumination housing 21 in contact with the protruding portion 38 is also displaced by tilting.

The operation of tilting displacement of the illumination housing 21 is carried out as follows. First, since the protrusion 38 moves upward in parallel to the observation optical axis L1, the protrusion 38 is arranged at an angle with respect to the observation optical axis L1 as shown in FIG. The lighting housing 21 is further separated from the side surface thereof. However, the illumination housing 21 is attached to the mirror housing 1 by the tension spring 37.
Since the lighting housing 21 is biased so as to be pulled toward the 0 side, the lighting housing 21 always tries to be displaced while being in contact with the tip of the protrusion 38. Also, the driven pins 31a, 3
Since 1b is engaged with the arc-shaped long holes 33a and 33b, the driven pins 31a and 31b trace the arc shape of the long holes 33a and 33b formed so as to center on the position of the observation target 2. . As a result, the illumination housing 21 tilts so that the illumination optical axis L2 always passes through the center of the observation target 2.

Then, the illumination housing 21 is displaced from the state of FIG. 1 to the state of FIG. Then, the angle formed by the illumination optical axis L2 and the observation optical axis L1 becomes smaller.
Is indicated by the symbol Y. In this case, the most protruding tip portion 21a which is a part of the illumination housing 21 is the observation optical axis L.
Approaching 1 However, as shown in FIG. 2, the angle of view A ′ of the observation light beam in the high magnification observation state is smaller than the angle of view A of the observation light beam in the low magnification observation state shown in FIG. And does not interfere with the observation. Therefore, the surgeon 40
Can clearly observe the observation target 2 at high magnification.

As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of the present embodiment, the illumination optical axis L2 with respect to the observation optical axis L1 is linked to the operator changing the observation magnification from low magnification to high magnification. The angle becomes smaller and the observation optical axis L1 becomes the illumination optical axis L
Since 2 is approaching, it is possible to illuminate the site of the observation target 2 with sufficient illumination light even when observing the inside of the surgical site that is a deep hole that is often observed at high magnification. . Further, since the member of the illumination optical system is retracted to a position where the observation light beam is not blocked during the observation at each magnification, the observation is not disturbed. Further, since the illumination optical system is arranged in the space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2, the illumination light flux is directed to the observation target 2 by the reflecting member 25 arranged below the objective lens 1, Since it does not pass through the lens 1, adverse effects on the observation system due to surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare do not occur.

(Second Embodiment) A surgical microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. FIG. 3 is a side view of the surgical microscope when observing an observation object at a low magnification, FIG. 4 is a view of a portion shown in FIG. 3 from above, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a control system of the form, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an observation optical system when observing an observation target at high magnification. In this embodiment, the same components as those of the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, both the observation optical system and the illumination optical system are built in the mirror housing 41. Variable magnification lens system 3
Unlike the movable lens frame 11 described in the first embodiment, the lens frame 42 that supports the lens 3b does not have the protruding portion 38. The cam cylinder 13 has a first gear 4 at one end thereof.
3 is provided. A second gear 47 fixed to the output shaft 46 of the first motor 45 meshes with the first gear 43. The first motor 45 is controlled by an external input means (not shown), and when driven, rotates the cam cylinder 13 via the first gear 43 and the second gear 47. Cam barrel 1
An input shaft 49 of an encoder 48 is connected to one end of the encoder 3, and the encoder 48 detects the rotation angle of the cam barrel 13.

The illumination optical system is capable of irradiating an observation object with illumination light, and is arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation object 2. The illumination optical system is a reflecting member 5 including a prism for deflecting the illumination light emitted from the condenser lens 24 toward the observation target 2.
1 is provided, and the reflecting member 51 is supported by the prism frame 52. Near the objective lens 1 and the objective lens 1
It is located below and is arranged in the space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2.

The prism frame 52 has a rotating shaft 53 extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, and a third gear 54 is formed at the rotating end of the prism frame 52. The prism frame 52 is provided in an illumination housing 55 that incorporates an illumination optical system.
A fitting hole 56 into which the rotary shaft 53 is fitted is provided.
The lighting housing 55 is provided with a fitting hole 57 different from the fitting hole 56, and the fitting gear 57 has a fourth gear 58.
The rotary shaft 59 of is fitted. The fourth gear 58 is the third
The rotation shaft 59 of the fourth gear 58 is in mesh with the gear 54, and the output shaft of a second motor 61 coaxially arranged with the rotation shaft 59 is connected to the rotation shaft 59. The second motor 61 controls the encoder 4 by the first control circuit 62.
The rotation angle is controlled according to the counter value of 8.

The mirror housing 41 has an illumination optical axis 63.
Two guide shafts 64 supported to be arranged parallel to the
a and 64b are provided, and the guide shafts 64a and 64b are slidably fitted in fitting holes 65a and 65b formed in the illumination housing 55 in parallel with the illumination optical axis 63, respectively. Therefore, the illumination housing 55 has the guide shafts 64
The whole is slidable in the direction of the illumination optical axis 63 along a and 64b.

A rack 71 is provided on the outer surface of the illumination housing 55. The rack 71 is a mirror housing 41.
Meshes with the pinion 72 arranged at. The rotating shaft 73 of the pinion 72 is connected to the output shaft of the third motor 67. The rotation angle of the third motor 67 is controlled by the second control circuit 75 according to the counter value of the encoder 48. This constitutes a changing means for moving the illumination optical system and changing the relative position of the objective lens 1 to the optical axis.

Next, the operation of the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of this embodiment will be described. When the first motor 45 is driven by the external input means, the second gear 47 fixed to the output shaft 46 of the first motor 45 rotates. The rotation of the second gear 47 is transmitted to the first gear 43, and the cam cylinder 1
3 rotates. When the cam barrel 13 rotates, the lens frame 42 supporting the lens 3b of the variable power lens system 3 is moved, so that the observation magnification is changed. At this time, the angle of rotation of the cam barrel 13 is detected by the encoder 48, and the information is stored in the first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75.
Be transmitted to. The first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75 respectively perform predetermined calculations described below based on the information sent from the encoder 48, and the second motor 61 and the third motor are rotated by an angle based on the obtained calculation result. Rotate 67.

First, when the second motor 61 rotates, the fourth gear 58 rotates, and the rotation is transmitted to the third gear 54. As a result, the prism frame 52 is rotated by the rotating shaft 53.
Since it rotates around, the reflecting member 51 supported by the prism frame 52 also rotates at the same time. Therefore, the angle of the illumination light 76 emitted from the reflecting member 51 is changed in the direction of arrow C in FIG.

When the third motor 67 rotates, the pinion 72 that meshes with the rack 71 of the lighting housing 55.
Rotates, which causes the illumination housing 55 to move horizontally along the guide shafts 64a and 64b. Also,
Since the reflecting member 51 is supported by the lighting housing 55 via the prism frame 52, the lighting housing 5
Will move with 5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the direction of the illumination light 76 emitted from the reflecting member 51 changes to the direction of arrow D.

As described above, the second motor 61 and the third motor 61
The rotation of the motor 67 changes the relative position between the illumination optical system and the optical axis of the objective lens 1, and at the same time the illumination optical axis L2 achieves rotation and horizontal movement. The first control circuit 62 and the second control circuit 75 control the rotation angles of the second motor 61 and the third motor 67 so that the optical axis L2 is directed to the observation target 2. Therefore, the angle X ′ formed by the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L2 shown in FIG. 3 showing the low magnification observation state is higher than the angle X ′ in the high magnification observation state shown in FIG. And a small angle Y'is obtained.

As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the operator 40 observes in conjunction with the operation of changing the observation magnification from low magnification to high magnification. The angle of the illumination optical axis L2 with respect to the optical axis L1 approaches. Therefore, even when observing a surgical site in a deep hole that is often observed at high magnification, it is possible to perform observation with the illumination light sufficiently radiated to the observation target site and at low magnification. In the above, the passage of the observation light flux is not obstructed by the members of the illumination optical system. further,
The illumination light flux is directed toward the observation target by the reflection member 51 of the illumination optical system arranged below the objective lens 1 and does not pass through the objective lens 1. Therefore, the surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare may adversely affect the observation system. Does not happen. Since the illumination housing 55 is built in the mirror housing 41, the entire apparatus becomes compact.

(Third Embodiment) A surgical microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the surgical microscope as viewed from the side in a state in which the observation target site is observed at a low magnification,
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the surgical microscope as viewed from the side in a state where the observation target site is observed at high magnification. In the present embodiment, constituent parts common to the first and second embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the surgical microscope according to this embodiment, the moving member 81 is provided with the fitting hole 56 that supports the rotating shaft 53 of the prism frame 52 that supports the reflecting member 51. The moving member 81 is supported by a horizontally arranged ball screw 82. Both ends of the ball screw 82 are supported by bearing portions 83a and 83b provided on the mirror housing 10. The ball screw 82 is parallel to the illumination optical axis 63 of the illumination optical system.

The output shaft of the motor 84 is connected to one end of the ball screw 82, and the rotation angle of the motor 84 is controlled by the information from the encoder 48. The moving member 81 has a screw hole 85 screwed into the ball screw 82 and a flat surface portion 86.
The flat surface portion 86 is surface-bonded to the guide flat surface 87 provided on the mirror housing 10, whereby the moving member 81 is formed.
The rotation of itself is blocked. Since the double-sided portions 86 and 87 are parallel to the axis of the ball screw 82, they do not prevent the movement of the moving member 81. Ball screw 82 to motor 84
By rotating the moving member 81, the moving member 81 only moves in a direction parallel to the illumination optical axis 63 of the illumination optical system.
Since the flat surface portion 86 and the guide flat surface 87 are in contact with each other, the moving member 81 does not rotate with respect to the ball screw 82.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a tension spring 88 is provided on one end of the prism frame 52 supporting the reflecting member 51 and the moving member 81. One end of the prism frame 52 and the moving member 81 are provided with spring hook portions 91 and 92 for hooking tension springs 88, respectively. One end of the tension spring 88 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 91 of the prism frame 52, and the other end of the tension spring 88 is hooked on the spring hooking portion 92 of the moving member 81. Therefore, the prism frame 52 is pulled toward the moving member 81 and is biased to rotate in the direction indicated by F in FIG.

At the other lower end of the prism frame 52, a restricting piece 93 is integrally projected. The restricting piece 93 hits the positioning pin 94 provided on the mirror housing 41, and the restricting piece 93 is always in contact with the positioning pin 94 by the urging action of the tension spring 88. The prism frame 52 is contacted with the positioning pin 94.
The rotation angle in the direction of rotation about the rotation shaft 53 is restricted. Here, the position of the positioning pin 94 is always the reflecting member 5 regardless of the position where the moving member 81 is moved by the rotation of the ball screw 82.
It is arranged at a specific place where the illumination light flux emitted from the device 1 is regulated so as to be positioned so as to be directed to the observation target 2. The illumination optical system is arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2 and can illuminate the observation target 2 with illumination light.

Next, the operation of the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of this embodiment will be described. When the motor 84 rotates according to the information from the encoder 48, the ball screw 82 is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 84 and therefore rotates by the same angle. When the ball screw 82 rotates, the moving member 81 having the screw portion 95 that is screwed with the ball screw 82 moves in the direction of arrow E shown in FIG.

When the moving member 81 moves in this way, the prism frame 52 supported by the moving member 81 also tries to move together. However, since the regulating piece 93 is in contact with the positioning pin 94, The prism frame 52 is rotated about the rotation axis 53 in the direction of the arrow F at the same time as the prism frame 52 is moved, and as a result, the low magnification observation state shown in FIG. 7 is changed to the high magnification observation state shown in FIG. Can be changed to the state.

As described above, according to the illumination light irradiation angle changing means of the present embodiment, the observation magnification is changed from the low magnification to the high magnification as in the first and second embodiments described above. Since the illumination optical axis will move closer to the observation optical axis in conjunction with, it is possible to sufficiently illuminate the observation target site even when observing inside a deep hole that is often observed at high magnification. It is possible to observe in a bright illumination state, and even when observing at a low magnification, the observation light flux is not blocked by the member of the illumination optical system and the observation is not disturbed. Further, since the illumination light flux is directed to the observation target by the reflecting member 51 arranged below the objective lens 1 and does not pass through the objective lens 1, adverse effects on the observation system due to surface reflection of the objective lens 1 such as flare occur. Absent. Further, the irradiation light irradiation angle changing means can be configured at low cost, such that only one motor is required to move the illumination system.

(Fourth Embodiment) A surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a side view of the surgical microscope,
FIG. 10 is a view of this from below. In this embodiment, the same components as those in the first to third embodiments described above are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. Here, an illumination optical system arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2 and illuminating the observation target with illumination light will be mainly described.

In FIG. 9, L1 'and L1 "respectively indicate the central axes of the left and right observation light beams having a parallax for stereoscopic viewing, and reference numeral 1 shown in FIG. 9 (b).
00 and 101 represent the diameters of these observation light fluxes L1 'and L1 "during low-magnification observation. Reference numerals 102 and 103 in FIG. 9B indicate these observations during high-magnification observation. The diameters of the light fluxes L1 ′ and L1 ″ are shown.

Reference numeral 104 shown in FIG. 9 is a reflecting member for bending the traveling direction of the light emitted from the illumination light source 23 of the illumination means toward the observation object 2. The reflection member 1
04 is fixedly held by the prism frame 105 by adhesion or the like. The prism frame 105 is supported by a horizontal moving mechanism such as a guide shaft (not shown), and constitutes a changing unit that is movable in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1. A lever 106 is formed on a part of the prism frame 105, for example, at the rear end, and the lever 106 projects to the outside of the microscope main body (not shown). The lever 106 can be used to move the prism frame 105. It is like this. Further, the observation system is interlocked with the operation of the lever 106, and control is performed to change the magnification to high and low.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the reflecting member 104
Is integrally formed with a protrusion 120 protruding toward an intermediate position between the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, and this protrusion 120 also has a function as a part of a reflection member constituting the illumination optical system. The protrusion 120 has a shape protruding toward the center between the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ and having a narrow width on the tip side, for example, a triangular shape as shown in FIG. Is. Then, the protrusion 120 constitutes an optical element that can be inserted between the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.

Next, when the observer observes the observation object 2 at a low magnification, the reflecting member 104 is arranged at the position shown by the solid line in FIG. The left and right observation light fluxes L1 ′ and L1 ″ for forming a stereoscopic view are larger than those at the time of high magnification, but since the reflecting member 104 is at the position retracted from the observation optical axis L1, the reflection member 104 causes the observation light flux. It does not block L1 'and L1 ".

When it is desired to control the variable power lens system 3 in order to observe the object 2 to be observed at a high magnification, the observer uses the lever 10
6 is moved in the direction of arrow G in the figure. As a result, the arrangement of the reflecting member 104 is changed to the position shown by the broken line in FIG. 9, and the reflecting member 104 is changed to the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.
The observation optical axes L1 'and L up to a position that does not block
However, since the left and right observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ for forming a stereoscopic view are smaller than those at low magnification at high magnification, the reflecting member 104 causes the observation optical axes L1 ′ and L1. "You can get closer to you.

As described above, according to this embodiment,
Since a part of the reflecting member 104 of the illumination optical system that is close to the objective lens 1 enters between the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″, and has an effective shape that can avoid the two observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″. When the operator changes the observation magnification from the low magnification to the high magnification, the position of the illumination light flux can be brought closer to the observation light fluxes L1 ′ and L1 ″ by the changing means. Even when observing in a deep hole with a lot of light, it is possible to observe with a sufficient irradiation of the illumination light on the observation target site, and also at the time of observation at a low magnification, the observation light flux L1 ′ by the member of the illumination optical system. And does not prevent the passage of L1 ″.

Further, since the projection 120 of the reflecting member 104 enters the left and right observation light beams L1 'and L1 "between the observation light beams L1' and L1" within a range that does not fall, the observation light beams L1 'and L1 "occupy. The protrusion 120 can be located in a non-existing region, and the dead space between the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ can be effectively used to enhance the reflection efficiency, and at the same time, the illumination light flux of the illumination light beam can be increased as compared with the case without the protrusion 120. The center can be brought close to the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″.

Similar to the above-described embodiment, the illumination optical axis approaches the observation optical axis in association with the change of the observation magnification from low magnification to high magnification. Therefore, even when observing the inside of a deep hole that is often observed at a high magnification, it is possible to sufficiently illuminate the observation target site. Further, even when observing at a low magnification, the observation light flux is not obstructed by the member of the illumination optical system and the observation is not disturbed.

(Fifth Embodiment) A surgical microscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11. FIG. 10 (a) is a schematic view of the surgical microscope in a state in which the observation target 2 is observed at a low magnification, and FIG. 10 (b) is a schematic view of the same viewed from below. is there. FIG. 11A is a schematic view of the surgical microscope as viewed from the side when the observation target is observed at high magnification, and FIG. 11B is a view of the same viewed from below. In this embodiment, the same components as those in the first to fourth embodiments described above are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. Here, an explanation will be given centering on an illumination optical system that is arranged in a space between the objective lens 1 and the observation target 2 and is capable of irradiating the observation target with illumination light.

In the figure, reference numeral 107 is a reflecting member for bending the light emitted from the illumination light source 23 in the illuminating means toward the observation object 2, and this reflecting member 107 is the observation light flux L1 at the time of the low magnification observation. It is fixedly arranged so as to be close to the diameters 100 and 101 of “and L1”.
The optical axis of the light beam going toward is indicated by L3.

Below the reflecting member 107, a prism 108 having an outer shape of a parallelogram when seen from a plane is arranged. The parallelogram prism 108 is attached and held to the prism frame 109 by adhesion or the like. Prism frame 1
Reference numeral 09 is movable in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1, and can be moved in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the observation light beam L1 by a changing unit described later. As shown in FIG. 10B, the horizontal width of the parallelogram prism 108 is between the observation light beams L1 ′ and L1 ″ during the observation at high magnification.
It is a size that can enter without breaking. Then, the parallelogram prism 108 has the two observation light fluxes L1 ′.
And L1 ″, the optical element of the illumination optical system is configured.

The rack 1 is provided on the bottom surface of the prism frame 109.
10 are formed. A pinion 111 that meshes with the rack 110 is arranged below the prism frame 109. The rotating shaft 112 of the pinion 111 is rotatably supported by a microscope body (not shown). The rotary shaft 112 projects to the outside of the microscope body, and a rotary operation knob (not shown) is fixed to the projecting end portion.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. When the observer observes the observation target 2 at a low magnification, the parallelogram prism 108 is at the position shown in FIG. 11, that is, at the position not overlapping the emission surface 121 of the reflecting member 107. Therefore, the light emitted from the illumination light source 23 is not incident on the parallelogram prism 108, and as a result, the angle is X ′ between the observation optical axis L1 and the illumination optical axis L3.

When the observer controls the variable power lens system 3 and observes the observation object 2 at a high magnification, the observer rotates the operation knob (not shown) in the direction of arrow H in FIG. 11 (a). Pinion 1 by rotation given to the operation knob
Since 11 rotates, the prism frame 109 including the rack 110 that meshes with the pinion 111 moves in the direction of arrow J in FIG. As a result, the parallelogram prism 108 enters the lower region of the objective lens 1,
In the state shown in FIG. 10, that is, the incident surface 113 of the parallelogram prism 108 is located below the reflecting member 107, and the second reflecting surface 114 formed at the tip of the parallelogram prism 108 is the observation optical axis. It is placed on L1.

When the observation target 2 is observed at a high magnification, the diameters 102 and 103 of the light fluxes are smaller than the diameters 100 and 101 of the light fluxes when observed at a low magnification, and the parallelogram prism 108 Can be placed between the light fluxes without interrupting the light fluxes. Therefore, the reflection member 1
A part of the illumination light flux emitted from No. 07 is incident on the parallelogram prism 108, the incident light flux is reflected twice by the parallelogram prism 108, and then the same axis as the observation optical axis L1. And is emitted toward the observation target 2.

As described above, according to this embodiment,
When the operator changes the observation magnification to a low magnification, the position of the illumination light flux can be brought closer to the observation light flux, so even when observing inside a deep hole that is often observed at high magnification, it is sufficient for the observation target site. It is possible to observe in a state where the illumination light is radiated on, and even when observing at a low magnification, the passage of the observation light flux is not obstructed by the member of the illumination optical system. In particular, in this embodiment, when observing at a high magnification, it is possible to direct the illumination light to the observation target from between the pair of left and right optical systems forming the observation optical system of the real-life microscope, so that the inside of the deep hole is observed. The lighting effect when doing is significantly improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be applied to other forms. According to the above description, items listed below and items obtained by arbitrarily combining the items listed below can be obtained.

(Supplementary Note 1) An objective lens to which a light beam from an observation object is incident, a variable magnification lens system to which a light beam from the objective lens is incident and which changes the observation magnification of the observation object, and the variable magnification lens system. An observing means for observing an optical image formed based on a light flux from, and an illumination optical system arranged in a space between the objective lens and the observation target and capable of irradiating the observation target with illumination light. A surgical microscope including: a changing unit that changes a relative position between at least a part of the illumination optical system and an optical axis of the objective lens.

(Supplementary Note 2) An objective lens on which a light beam from the observation target is incident, an illumination optical system for irradiating the observation target with illumination light, and a light beam from the objective lens are incident on the observation target to observe the light. A variable magnification lens system for changing the optical axis, an observation optical system for forming two observation light beams having a parallax for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and an optical image formed based on the two observation light beams from the observation optical system. And at least one optical element of the illumination optical system is inserted between the two observation light fluxes in accordance with the variable power operation of the variable power lens system with respect to the observation target. A surgical microscope comprising: a changing unit that changes the relative position of the objective lens with respect to the optical axis.

(Supplementary Note 3) The changing means operates at least a part of the illumination optical system in association with the zooming operation from the low magnification observation to the high magnification observation based on the operation of the zoom lens system. The surgical microscope according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the surgical microscope is displaced so as to approach the optical axis of the lens.

(Supplementary note 4) The surgery according to Supplementary note 1 or Supplementary note 2, wherein the changing means changes the relative angle and relative distance of the illumination optical axis toward the observation target with respect to the optical axis of the objective lens. Microscope.

(Supplementary Note 5) In order to tilt the illumination light emitted from the illumination optical system with the approximate center position of the observation target as a reference, the entire of the illumination optical system is substantially equal to the observation target. The surgical microscope according to appendix 1 or 2, wherein the surgical microscope moves in an arc shape with the center as a reference.

(Supplementary Note 6) The changing means makes a reflection member of the illumination optical system relative to an optical axis of illumination light irradiated from the reflection member and directed toward the observation object and an optical axis of the objective lens. While rotating so as to change the angle, the whole or a part of the illumination optical system is moved in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the optical axis of the illumination light is changed by the rotation and movement. The surgical microscope according to appendix 1 or 2, which is tilted with respect to a substantially center of an observation target.

(Supplementary Note 7) The width of the member constituting the illumination optical system inserted between the two observation optical axes having the parallax is:
The surgical microscope according to appendix 2, which is smaller than a distance between light flux diameters of the two observation light fluxes.

(Supplementary Note 8) The member constituting the illumination optical system inserted between the two observation light fluxes having the parallax has a shape that becomes narrower toward the tip to avoid the two observation light fluxes. The surgical microscope according to Appendix 2.

(Supplementary note 9) An objective lens which receives a light beam from an object to be observed and forms an afocal light beam, and a plurality of lens groups. The light beam from the objective lens is incident on the plurality of lens groups. A variable power lens system that performs variable power by displacing a moving lens included therein, an imaging lens that forms an image by entering a light beam from the variable power lens system, and an eyepiece that magnifies the formed image. An observation optical system including an eyepiece optical system including a lens, an illumination optical system that irradiates the observation target with illumination light, and a displacement of a moving lens included in the variable power lens system, the observation optical system Illuminating light irradiation angle changing means for changing the relative angle of the illuminating optical axis of the illuminating optical system with respect to the observing optical axis and for bringing the illuminating optical axis closer to the observing optical axis during high-magnification observation as compared to during low-magnification observation. The ingredients Surgical microscope, characterized in that the.

(Supplementary Note 10) In the illumination light irradiation angle changing means, the distance of the member of the illumination optical system to the optical axis of the observation optical system changes with the displacement of the moving lens of the variable power lens system. The operating microscope according to Appendix 9, which is displaced as described above.

(Supplementary Note 11) The illumination light irradiation angle changing means causes the entire illumination optical system to observe the illumination light emitted from the illumination optical system with reference to a substantially central position of the observation target. 11. The surgical microscope according to appendices 9 and 10, which moves in an arc shape with the substantially center of the object as a reference.

(Supplementary Note 12) The illumination light irradiation angle changing means controls the reflection member of the illumination optical system so that the reflection member has an optical axis of the illumination light emitted from the reflection member toward the observation target and an optical axis of the objective lens. While rotating so as to change the relative angle, the member of the illumination optical system that does not include the reflecting member is moved in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective lens, and the illumination light is rotated and moved. The optical axis of is inclined with respect to the approximate center of the observation target,
The surgical microscope according to supplementary notes 9, 10 and 11.

(Supplementary Note 13) The illumination optical system has a reflecting member disposed below the objective lens, and the illumination light emitted from the illumination light source is deflected by the reflecting member toward the observation target. Appendix 9,
The operating microscope according to 10, 11, or 12.

[0084]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The illumination light can reach the surgical site sufficiently even in deep and thin holes that are often observed at high magnification, and the illumination optical system does not obstruct the passage of the observation light flux during observation at low magnification. Therefore, the operator can always perform an operation while ensuring a bright field of view. Therefore, the surgical efficiency can be significantly improved as compared with the conventional case.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view seen from a side when observing an observation target of a surgical microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation object of the surgical microscope according to the first embodiment of the present invention at a high magnification.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view seen from a side when observing an observation object of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.

FIG. 4 is a view of a part of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention seen from above.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a control system of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an observation optical system when an observation target of the surgical microscope according to the second embodiment of the present invention is observed at high magnification.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view seen from a side when observing an observation object of the surgical microscope according to the third embodiment of the present invention at a low magnification.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view seen from the side when observing an observation target of the surgical microscope according to the third embodiment of the present invention at a high magnification.

9A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention seen from a side, and FIG. 9B is an explanatory view seen from below.

FIG. 10A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention seen from a side, and FIG. 10B is an explanatory view seen from below.

FIG. 11A is an explanatory view of a surgical microscope according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention seen from a side, and FIG. 11B is an explanatory view seen from below.

[Explanation of symbols]

L1 ... Observation optical axis L2 ... Illumination optical axis A ... Angle of view Y ... angle 1 ... Objective lens 2 ... Observation target 3 ... Variable magnification lens system 4 ... Eyepiece optical system 8 ... Reflective member 10 ... Mirror housing 11 ... Moving lens frame 13 ... Cam tube 15 ... driven pin 16 ... motor 21 ... Lighting housing 23 ... Illumination light source 24 ... Condenser lens 25 ... Reflective member

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An objective lens to which a light flux from an observation target is incident, a variable magnification lens system to which a light flux from the objective lens is incident to change the observation magnification of the observation target, and a variable magnification lens system to An observation unit for observing an optical image formed based on a light flux, an illumination optical system arranged in a space between the objective lens and the observation target, and capable of irradiating the observation target with illumination light, A surgical microscope comprising: a changing unit that changes a relative position between at least a part of an illumination optical system and an optical axis of the objective lens. 2. An objective lens into which a light flux from an observation target is incident, an illumination optical system that irradiates the observation target with illumination light, and a light flux from the objective lens is incident to change the observation magnification of the observation target. A variable magnification lens system, an observation optical system that forms two observation light beams having a parallax for obtaining a stereoscopic image, and an optical image formed based on the two observation light beams from the observation optical system And an objective lens for inserting the at least one optical element of the illumination optical system between the two observation light beams in accordance with the magnification changing operation of the magnification varying lens system with respect to the observation target. And a changing means for changing the relative position to the optical axis of the surgical microscope. 3. The changing means operates at least a part of the illumination optical system of the objective lens in association with a zooming operation from low-magnification observation to high-magnification observation based on the operation of the zooming lens system. The surgical microscope according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surgical microscope is displaced so as to approach the optical axis.