JP2002298162A - Three-dimensional view display device and three- dimensional view generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a three-dimensional view display device capable of generating a three-dimensional model of a variety of buildings with less building information in a relatively small computer system, generating a realistic city view by using the model, and improving the identification property and the collation property of the building. SOLUTION: The three-dimensional model of the building is generated according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns generated according to the information on the bottom shape and the height of the building in advance. In addition, the kind of the building, the time information and the area attribute information are also used in generating the three-dimensional model.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus for generating three-dimensional display data of a relatively small cityscape, which is used in a car navigation system, a geographic information system (GIS), and the like. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional landscape display device for displaying a city landscape three-dimensionally.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a cityscape display device such as a car navigation system or a GIS (geographic information system) for displaying a cityscape three-dimensionally using a computer, a three-dimensional model of a building (three-dimensional shape of a building, such as a window). It is required to have as much diversity as possible and to display the cityscape in a realistic and easy-to-understand manner. In the case of a car navigation system, it is also required that an actual building and a displayed building be easily collated.

[0003] In the case of a city landscape generating apparatus, since a display means is not necessarily provided, a three-dimensional model of a generated building or three-dimensional landscape data generated by arranging the three-dimensional model on a map as it is is stored and stored in a storage device. However, the situation up to the generation of the three-dimensional model is the same as that of the city landscape display device.

[0004] In order to satisfy the requirement of the reality of the cityscape, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-123198, information on buildings is investigated in detail, and based on the investigation information, actual building information is obtained. It is necessary to generate a precise three-dimensional model that represents as accurately as possible. However, although this method is ideal, in reality, the generation of a precise three-dimensional model requires a high hardware cost, and the generation of a more precise three-dimensional model requires a huge amount of building data. It took a lot of labor and time for the survey, and it was a big problem that it was practically difficult to create detailed building data under the following circumstances. ○ When creating detailed building data for the first time, it costs a lot of money and time. Over 10 billion yen in medium-sized cities, 1 in Japan
It seems that it requires more than trillion yen and more than two years. ○ The more detailed the data, the more drastic the change. For example, depending on the location, it may change by about 20% per year, but if the survey takes two years, it will change by 40% during that time, and the result may not be useable. ○ It is necessary to update the map once every two years, and the maintenance cost for that will be 500 billion yen / year. When the data detail is multiplied by n, the data amount increases in proportion to n raised to the second power and the maintenance cost increases in proportion to n raised to the third power. Therefore, it becomes difficult to increase the degree of detail of data to a certain extent.

[0005] Under such circumstances, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
In the example described in Japanese Patent No. 318379, a building is selected around an important point for navigation such as an intersection,
The three-dimensional models of a plurality of buildings generated in advance are stored in the storage means, and the three-dimensional models of the buildings are read out from the storage means based on the map data, and the three-dimensional display data of the cityscape is generated by arranging them on the map. A display method has been proposed. In this example, by selecting buildings at important points, the number of buildings required for display is reduced, the time and cost of building data investigation are reduced, and a three-dimensional model is generated in advance and stored in a storage device. By doing so, the three-dimensional model generation process is omitted, and the cost of hardware is reduced.

However, in such a method, it is necessary to store a large number of three-dimensional models of buildings in order to represent a variety of cityscapes. , New Year, snow, etc.)
The number of three-dimensional models obtained by combining the respective combinations becomes enormous, and the capacity of the storage means for storing the three-dimensional models becomes extremely large, which is unavoidable for small-scale systems. Investigation of building data for that also becomes a bottleneck.

As described above, since it is difficult to cope with various building displays, there is a drawback of lack of visual appeal, and a problem is liable to occur in comparison with an actual building. In general, in order to improve collation, it is necessary to generate a precise three-dimensional model that resembles the real thing. However, even if the number of buildings is limited, considerable effort is required, and the generated 3D model is difficult. The storage capacity required for storing the dimensional model is also large. Therefore, it is inevitable to use a simplified three-dimensional model to some extent, but in this case, there is a dilemma that a problem remains in matching property with the real thing. If you know the size and height of the building to some extent, you can collate the building from this information, but for a building close to the viewpoint, only a part of the building is displayed because it is enlarged, and the whole image is I can't figure out. For this reason, it is necessary to display the entire image of the building on the display screen by performing reduced display of the image or switching to a display (for example, a bird's eye view) from a viewpoint where the height information of the displayed building can be grasped. However, reducing the size of the image and switching the display by moving the viewpoint is time-consuming and significantly different from the actual landscape seen from the driver's viewpoint through the front window of the car. It was hard to say.

[0008]

As described above, only simple building data (hereinafter referred to as building information) has been used.
It has been difficult to generate a three-dimensional model that can represent a variety of cityscapes and that can ensure the matching of buildings to some extent.

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problem even with a relatively small-scale computer system. By effectively using a small number of building information and adding time information and regional attribute information to the information, Diverse and building size
An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional landscape display device and a three-dimensional landscape generation device capable of generating a three-dimensional model that can be easily identified and collated with respect to (for example, bottom area and height) and capable of expressing a diverse city landscape.

[0010]

According to the present invention, there is provided a three-dimensional scene display device, comprising: a three-dimensional model generating means for generating a three-dimensional model of a building; According to the three-dimensional model pattern, a three-dimensional model of the building is generated.

[0011] A three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
The three-dimensional model generation means generates a three-dimensional model of the building in accordance with a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the type of the building, the bottom shape, and the height information.

[0012] A three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
A plurality of three-dimensional model generating means are provided in place of the three-dimensional model generating means, and the plurality of three-dimensional model patterns are prepared for each building according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. There is provided a three-dimensional model generation selecting means for selecting one or more three-dimensional model generating means from the three-dimensional model generating means.

[0013] The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
At least one of the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means
One is to make it possible to modify the basic skeleton of the building.

[0014] A three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
A plurality of CPUs (Central Processing Units) provided in the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means, wherein the plurality of CPUs performs three-dimensional model generation of the building by the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means in parallel; It is. In the three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention, the three-dimensional model generation means generates a three-dimensional model of the building using at least one of a distance from the viewpoint to the building and an angle between each wall surface of the building and a line of sight. Is what you do.

[0015] The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
In the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means, time information is used. The three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means includes a three-dimensional model generating means, and a three-dimensional landscape generating means for generating a three-dimensional landscape using the generated three-dimensional model and map information. And at least one of the three-dimensional landscape generating means.

[0016] The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
The three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of the building using the regional attribute information.

[0017] The three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
In the three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means, a three-dimensional model of the building and a three-dimensional landscape are generated according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building, and any one of these is stored and stored. Is what you do.

[0018] A three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
In the three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means, the three-dimensional model of the building, the three-dimensional model of the building, and the three-dimensional model
A dimensional landscape is generated, and any one of these is stored and held.

[0019] The three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention comprises:
In the three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means, using time information,
The three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means includes a three-dimensional model generation means, and a three-dimensional landscape generation means for generating a three-dimensional landscape using the generated three-dimensional model and map information.
It is used in at least one of the three-dimensional model generation means and the three-dimensional landscape generation means.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a three-dimensional landscape display device of Embodiment 1. In FIG. 1, 1
0 is a building information storage means for storing building information, 20 is a map information storage means for storing map information, 30 is a building information stored in the building information storage means 10 and a map information storage means 2
A three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 40 that draws and generates a projection of a three-dimensional landscape in which buildings are arranged on a map using the map information stored in “0”. Image display means for displaying a three-dimensional landscape projection view.

The three-dimensional scene drawing generating means 30 includes a three-dimensional model generating means 310 for generating a three-dimensional model of a building using building information. A three-dimensional landscape generating means for arranging on a map according to the information and generating a three-dimensional landscape map, and a drawing 330 for generating a projection of the generated three-dimensional landscape map from a designated point on the map. Means.

The building information storage means 10 and the map information storage means 20 are composed of various storage devices and building information and map information stored therein. Examples of various storage devices include a hard disk device, a CD-ROM device, a floppy (registered trademark) disk device, and a silicon (disk) (including a smart media, a memory stick, a flash memory card, and the like). Although the building information storage means 10 and the map information storage means 20 are described as being independent in FIG. 1, they need not necessarily be independent devices. The areas may be stored separately in the same storage device.

Although not explicitly shown in FIG. 1, the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means 30 has a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a work area (memory), and has a building information storage means 10, a map information storage means 20, It exchanges data with the image display means 40 and includes three-dimensional model generation means 3 including time management.
10, a function for setting and supporting an operation environment in the drawing unit 320 and the three-dimensional landscape generation unit 330. For example, the three-dimensional model generating unit 310, the three-dimensional landscape generating unit 320, and the drawing unit 330 are usually often configured by software, but the CPU (Central Processing Unit) at the time of processing in each stage, The provision of a work area (memory) and management of a series of processes are performed by the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 30.
It is performed in. Further, an input unit such as a cursor, a mouse, a joystick, and a cross button may be provided so that a user can input data as needed. The image display means 40 can be composed of a graphic processor and a liquid crystal display, or a video card with a three-dimensional high-speed display function and a CRT display.

In FIG. 1, the building information storage means 1
0, a thick line connecting the map information storage unit 20, the image display unit 40, and the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 30 indicates a connection relationship between the components, and a thin line in the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 30 indicates information. Or the flow of processing.

The point of the present invention of the three-dimensional landscape display device configured as described above will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
Uses only a small number of pieces of information, such as the bottom shape and height information of a building, as building information, and divides it into a plurality of regions (in the example of FIG. 2, these are the bottom area and the number of floors). In this case, how three-dimensional model patterns are set in advance is defined for each of the sections. The three-dimensional model pattern referred to here indicates a feature of the appearance of the building.

In the example shown in FIG.
The lower floors are low-rise buildings and the rest are medium-rise buildings. Of the low-rise and middle-rise buildings, those with a floor area of 1000 m2 or more have a large bottom area, those with 200 m2 or less have a small floor area, Buildings in the bottom area,
Eliminate bottom area classification for high-rise buildings. this is,
This is because a high-rise building can be easily recognized as a landmark from a distance, and it is considered more convenient to use a common three-dimensional model pattern. Therefore, it is divided into seven patterns in total.

The point of the present invention is that the corresponding three-dimensional model pattern is selected from the target building information, and the three-dimensional model generating means according to the selected pattern.
It is to generate a three-dimensional model. That is, a polygonal prism determined from the bottom shape and height information of the building is generated according to the corresponding three-dimensional model pattern.

In the three-dimensional model patterns shown in FIG. 2, for example, a high-rise building has a modern and sophisticated appearance suitable for it, and a middle-rise building with a large floor area has a modern middle-rise building appearance. Small-sized buildings have an appearance similar to a tenant building that stands on narrow land, low-rise, large-bottom buildings have a similar appearance to suburban home improvement centers and gymnasiums, and low-rise, small-bottom buildings often have apartments. Have a visible appearance. The target building should have one of the above seven patterns according to its corresponding division.
It is generated by the dimensional model generating means. The information corresponding to FIG. 2 may be stored in the ROM in advance in the three-dimensional scenery drawing generation unit 30, may be set in advance, or may be stored in the building information storage unit as a part of the building information. Various storage means are conceivable, and any method may be used.

The three-dimensional model of the building generated by the three-dimensional model generating means includes, for example, VRML (VRML = VML
irtual Reality Modeling Language: High-level 3D spatial description language: Reference = VRML 2.0 Sourcebook 2nd Ed,
Andrea L. Ames, David R. Nadeau, John L. Morelan
d ,: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1997) and data structures for internally storing VRML in a computer storage device, Op
en Inventor (High-level 3D spatial description framework: Reference 1 = Open Inventor C ++ Reference Manua
l: The Official Reference Document for Open Invent
or, Release 2: Addison-Wesley 1994, Reference 2
= Inventor Mentor: Programming Object-Oriented 3D
Graphics with Wernecke, Josie, Addison-Wesley Pub
Co., 1994), Java3D (high-level 3D spatial description framework: Reference: The Java3D API specification, Henry Swiesal, ASCII, 1999), and Open GL (low-level) with a slightly lower level of abstraction 3D Library: Reference = OpenGL Reference Manua
l 2nd Ed., OpenGL Architecture Review Board, Addi
son-Wesley, 1998) and DirectX (Direct3D: Low-level 3D library: Reference = DirectX5 Official Manual, Microsoft Co., ASCII Publishing Bureau, 199
The primitive sequence of 8), and a two-dimensional rendering primitive sequence such as polygon rendering or line rendering to be instructed using a two-dimensional screen coordinate system by further reducing the degree of abstraction. Since current car navigation systems and display devices of mobile phones have low resolution, it may be more beautiful to directly generate two-dimensional drawing primitives. The three-dimensional model may be represented in any other three-dimensional appearance.

FIG. 3 is based on the premise of the above description.
It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which displays a three-dimensional landscape using a three-dimensional landscape display apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, each step is executed by the three-dimensional scenery drawing generation unit 30.

In Step 1 of FIG. 3, an area to be displayed is determined. For example, in the case of a car navigation system,
The position of the viewpoint and the direction of the line of sight are automatically calculated by a method such as grasping the current position of the vehicle using a GPS (Global Positioning System), and the display area around the current position is determined. Note that the user may select a viewpoint position and a line-of-sight direction using input devices such as a cursor, a mouse, a joystick, and a cross button. In Step 2, a map of an area to be displayed when the image is displayed on the image display means 40 is selected and read from the map information stored in the map information storage means 20 for this display area. In Step 3, a landscape display range to be displayed on the image display means 40 is determined from the viewpoint position and the line of sight within the area of the map information read in Step 2.

In Step 4, display buildings included in the determined display range are selected and numbered (for example, 1 to k). The numbering at this time may be determined arbitrarily, but there is also a method of assigning priorities according to the distance from the viewpoint and the size of the building, and numbering according to the priorities. In Step 5, from the building information stored in the building information storage means 10, the building information on the building with the numbering i is input. It should be noted that the three-dimensional model pattern information corresponding to FIG. 2 is read only once from any of the stored storage devices at the time of device startup, and is stored in a specific memory of the three-dimensional scenery drawing generation unit 30. .
In Step 6, it is determined from the bottom shape and height information which are the building information, which three-dimensional model pattern the building i belongs to in accordance with the three-dimensional model pattern information.

In Step 7, based on the bottom shape and height information of the building i and the three-dimensional model pattern determined in Step 7,
A three-dimensional model of the building i (hereinafter, referred to as a three-dimensional model i) is generated by using the three-dimensional model generating means 310. The details of this step will be described later with reference to FIGS. In Step 8, the three-dimensional landscape generation means 320
The three-dimensional model i generated in ep7 is arranged at a predetermined position on the map, and a three-dimensional landscape i is generated. In Step 9, the drawing means 330 generates a projection (projection i) of the three-dimensional model i as viewed from the designated point on the map, the three-dimensional landscape i generated in Step 8.

In Step 10, the drawing means 330 sets the Step
The projection map i generated in step 9 is superimposed on the three-dimensional landscape i-1 projection map, and the necessary hidden surface processing is performed to obtain a three-dimensional landscape i. In the case of i = 1, a projection of a three-dimensional landscape 0 is required for the above processing, but the three-dimensional landscape 0 projection is a projection of a map without buildings. In Step 11, Step 4
It is determined whether or not all the processes for the k display buildings selected in are completed. If not completed, that is, if i <k, the process of i = i + 1 shown in Step 12 is performed, and the process returns to Step 5 and repeats up to Step 11. If it is completed, that is, if i ≧ k, this three-dimensional landscape i
Is a projection view of a three-dimensional landscape (= three-dimensional landscape k) including all display target buildings in the target display area. In Step 12, the projection of the three-dimensional landscape k is displayed on the image display means 40.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a three-dimensional model of a high-rise building of the pattern 1 shown in FIG. 2 is generated according to the procedure shown in FIG. 3, and a projection view thereof is displayed. In the figure, a dashed line 100 indicates that the middle is omitted. The front surface of the building has irregularities on its surface, the convex portion 110 represents a wall surface made of concrete or the like, and the concave portion 120 represents a window. When the image display means 40 is capable of color display, the concrete on the wall is gray, and the windows are blue to improve the reality.

Assuming that the base polygon given by the building information is the base and the polygonal pillar having the height given by the height information is the basic skeleton of the building, the concave window surface is , Usually included in the modification of the basic skeleton. The modification of the basic skeleton refers to constructing a new three-dimensional model by adding and removing polygons (polygons) to and from the basic skeleton of the building. The (three-dimensional) modification of the basic skeleton is for enhancing the expression of the building, and is not always necessary. Even two-dimensional modification alone is sufficient for some applications.

Reference numeral 130 denotes a right side surface of the building, which is nearly parallel to the line of sight, and therefore, the degree of detail of the modeling is lower than that of the front part whose angle with respect to the line of sight does not largely deviate from orthogonal. . (The angle used as a criterion for this determination can be set arbitrarily.) Modeling the side part that is nearly parallel to the line of sight with the same level of detail as the front part will not only result in a complicated appearance but also CPU load. Is accordingly increased, and hardware resources are wasted. Reducing the modeling detail in the side part near parallel to the line of sight is a measure to improve this.

FIG. 6 shows an example in which a three-dimensional model of a low-rise, large-bottom-area building of the pattern 5 shown in FIG. 2 is generated according to the procedure shown in FIG. 200 is a building wall made of concrete or the like, 210 is a window frame, 220
Represents a window. Reference numeral 230 denotes a constriction between adjacent rooms. This constriction is usually included in the modification of the basic skeleton, as in the case of FIG. When the screen display means 40 can perform color display, for example, the wall surface is gray, the window is blue,
Displaying the window frame in white improves the reality. 24
Although 0 represents the left side surface of the building, since this surface is nearly parallel to the line of sight, the degree of detail of the modeling is lower than that of the front surface where the angle with respect to the line of sight does not largely deviate from orthogonal. The reason is the same as that described in FIG. Further, (three-dimensional) modification of the basic skeleton is not always necessary, and it is the same as in FIG. 5 that only two-dimensional modification is sufficient for some applications.

Although the three-dimensional model is generated using the height and the bottom shape as the building information, a three-dimensional model can be generated by adding the type of the building to the building information. This is useful, for example, when displaying a covered house such as a detached house separately from other buildings. When using the type of building, the type of building will be added to the three-dimensional model pattern classification table shown in Fig. 2, but in the case of a single-family house with a roof, it is usually low-rise and it is not necessary to distinguish it by the bottom area. So, for example, the lower part
The high-rise, middle-rise, and low-rise buildings may be divided into non-detached buildings, and the remaining low-rise buildings may be divided into single-family homes. As a result, FIG. 2 is corrected and classified into eight types of three-dimensional model patterns, and the detached house corresponds to the three-dimensional model pattern 8.

FIG. 7 shows an example in which a three-dimensional model is generated for a single-family house corresponding to the three-dimensional model pattern 8 in the case of such classification, and a projection view thereof is displayed. In the figure, 400 is a front wall, 410 is a roof, 420 is a window provided on the side, and 430 is an entrance door provided on the front. FIG.
The major difference from the building shown in FIG. 6 is that the roof 410 is added, thereby facilitating the identification of a detached house.

This example shows a case in which a three-dimensional model is generated only with the basic skeleton to show the concept of a detached house image, and the basic skeleton is modified as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. However, in actual application, it is possible to improve the reality by modifying the basic skeleton, such as adding a veranda or the like, as far as the hardware resources allow, by dividing the bottom area.

In the above example of a single-family house, the height and the bottom area are not classified, and the three-dimensional model pattern is one.
Although described as types, it is also possible to set a plurality of patterns according to the number of floors and bottom area. In this case, the division boundary values of the height and the bottom area can be set to values different from those of a non-detached building.

For the three-dimensional model generation software, for example, if an object-oriented design method is used, sophisticated implementation is possible. In this case, a window, a wall, a roof, and the like can be set as common components, and a window object, a wall object, a roof object, and the like can be set. In addition, for example, considering a case where windows having different shapes, colors, reflectances, and the like of window frames are expressed, a window prototype is formed in the same three-dimensional model pattern in FIG. 2 or between different three-dimensional model patterns. It is convenient to create a common base class and make a window with a window frame a derived class. The desired final window expression is uniquely determined from the three-dimensional model pattern shown in FIG. 2. For example, an instance object of “window class with window frame” is created, and the window frame is created by a method such as random numbers. The width and color of the window, the color and the reflectance of the window are set, and this instance object is requested to generate a window model.

The size, shape and the like of the window can be handled in the same manner. Also, the arrangement of windows and the like can be handled by the object-oriented design method based on certain rules such as random numbers.
It can be a placement object. (Reference "Design
Patterns '' (E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, J. Vlissides)
In this way, many parts such as windows, walls, and roofs can be shared in relation to multiple 3D model patterns, thereby simplifying the software program size of the 3D model generation means. 3 that is rich in variety within the same model pattern
A dimensional model can be generated.

As described above, by using a small number of building information and a three-dimensional model pattern partition table prepared in advance, it is not necessary to store a three-dimensional model of the building in the storage means in advance, and it is relatively small. Computer systems also generate diverse 3D models of buildings,
A dimensional landscape can be expressed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, by determining a three-dimensional model pattern of the three-dimensional model of the building wall in advance, it is possible to display the wall surface without displaying the entire image of the building. By looking at the drawing pattern, it is possible to roughly grasp the height and the bottom area of the building.

This has the following advantages when applied to a car navigation system, for example. In the image display means 40, when the viewpoint of the display is placed on the driver's eyes, a building close to the driver is displayed in a large size. In the case of a high-rise building, the entire building is within the display range of the image display means 40. However, if such a display is kept, the height and, in some cases, the size of the bottom surface may not be distinguished. In order to determine such a whole image of the building from the display of the image display means 40, the image is reduced or displayed in a bird's-eye view by moving the viewpoint upward from the driver's viewpoint (this is also the case of the reduced display. Although it is necessary to display it, such a display involves a screen switching operation, which is troublesome, and greatly differs from the image that the driver actually sees through the front window of the car. However, there is a problem in matching the actual building.

On the other hand, the driver can instantaneously determine the approximate height and size of the actual target building by immediately moving the viewpoint in reality.
With the three-dimensional landscape display device, the height of the building, which is roughly grasped from the drawing pattern of the building wall surface, can be compared with the bottom surface information (the bottom area in this embodiment) and the visual information, and the building can be easily specified.

Also, while assuming the three-dimensional model pattern illustrated in FIG. 2, the degree of detail of the three-dimensional model may be changed according to the distance from the viewpoint. At short distances, a three-dimensional model that expresses details is preferable in terms of reality, but when using a model with the same detail level at long distances, details are crushed, making it difficult to understand or giving a complicated impression There are cases. Also, the number of processing steps increases, and the load on the CPU also increases. Therefore, FIG.
It is desirable to generate three-dimensional models having different levels of detail at short distances, medium distances, and long distances as exemplified in FIG. By doing so, an easy-to-view display is obtained, and waste of hardware resources can be avoided by reducing the load on the apparatus.

Embodiment 2 This embodiment uses a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the three-dimensional landscape display device according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 9, 10
The description and function of the reference numerals to 40 are the same as the description and the function of the same reference numeral in FIG. However, 340 three-dimensional model generation selection means is added to the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means 30, and the three-dimensional model generation means 310
.. 31n, a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means 1 (indicated as means 1 in FIG. 9), three-dimensional model generating means 2 (indicated as means 2 in FIG. 9),. It is composed of generating means n (in FIG. 9, indicated as means n). The plurality of three-dimensional model generation means correspond to each three-dimensional model pattern.

The operation of FIG. 9 will be described with a slight modification to the flowchart of FIG. Steps 1 to 6 in FIG. 3 are the same as those in the first embodiment, but between Step 6 and Step 7,
ep6.5 is added. In this case, the three-dimensional model generation means j (1 ≦ j ≦ n) corresponding to the three-dimensional model pattern determined in Step 6 Select from generation means 1 to n. Step7
Then, a three-dimensional model i is generated using the three-dimensional model generation means j selected in Step 6.5. Step 8 and subsequent steps are the same as in the first embodiment.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show examples in which a three-dimensional model is generated by using such a three-dimensional model generating means for a plurality of buildings. FIG. 10 shows a low-rise residential building,
The building is a typical low-rise residential building having an external staircase as shown in the figure and not having an elevator, and has an appearance that can be naturally recognized as a low-rise residential building. The external staircase corresponds to the modification of the basic skeleton.

FIG. 11 shows a middle-rise residential building. It has stairs and an elevator. The elevator tower 500 has a motor room at the top, and the entire elevator is external to the building. By displaying the elevator in this way,
It can be naturally recognized that the building has a height (the number of floors) that requires an elevator. The elevator tower corresponds to the modification of the basic skeleton.

FIG. 12 shows a high-rise building. Elevators and stairs enter the building, and structural members such as columns also create an all-glazed appearance inside the building. When color display is possible, for example, the surface is displayed in blue because it is covered with glass, and the joint between the glasses is displayed in black.

As described above, by using an appropriate three-dimensional model generating means corresponding to each three-dimensional model pattern, it is possible to easily generate a characteristic three-dimensional model for each pattern. Landscape can be generated.

In the above, an example has been described in which a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means are provided in a form corresponding to a three-dimensional model pattern and are selectively used. The number of model generation means may be increased, and it is not necessary that all of them can modify the basic skeleton. The application of the three-dimensional model generation means capable of three-dimensional modification of the basic skeleton may be applied to, for example, only a high-rise building or used to generate a three-dimensional model at a short distance. When applied to a high-rise building, it is possible to generate a more detailed three-dimensional model, for example, to draw surface irregularities even when the building wall is viewed from the side, and to display a variety of three-dimensional landscapes. The ability to express a three-dimensional model of a high-rise building that is often selected as a useful building as a landmark can be improved.

In some applications, the function of modifying the basic skeleton is unnecessary, and the present embodiment does not exclude such a case. Furthermore, the software size may be made more efficient by sharing software for generating many components such as windows, walls, and roofs.

As described above, a specific three-dimensional model pattern is selected from the three-dimensional model pattern sections prepared in advance from the building information, and a plurality of three-dimensional model generation means select
By selecting and using a corresponding appropriate three-dimensional model generating means, a three-dimensional model rich in expressiveness can be generated efficiently and easily.

Further, by making at least one of the plurality of three-dimensional model generating means capable of modifying the basic skeleton, the expressive power of the building can be selectively improved, and the load on the apparatus and the building expression can be improved. The balance of power can be achieved.

Since the plurality of three-dimensional model generating means 1 to n shown in FIG. 9 are usually executed using one CPU provided in the three-dimensional
Even if a three-dimensional model generation unit is provided, only one three-dimensional model generation unit is used, and only one three-dimensional model of a building is being generated in a certain period of time. By increasing the number of CPUs and processing the three-dimensional model of the building in parallel with multiple CPUs, the processing speed as a whole is increased, and the drawing and generation of complex buildings can be performed by one CP.
It is possible to improve the deterioration of the real-time property that occurs when performing in U.

Embodiment 3 An embodiment using time information and regional attribute information in addition to building information will be described. FIG. 13 shows time information,
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional landscape display device in a case where local attribute information is used. Here, the names and functions of the reference numerals 10 to 40 are the same as the names and functions of the reference numerals in FIG. When a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means are employed, the three-dimensional model generating means 310 is replaced with a three-dimensional model generating means 310 as shown in FIG. And 50 is
Time information storage means, 60, which stores time information in a broad sense including time, date information, and seasonal information of the day, is used to identify areas where buildings are significantly different from the average appearance of other areas. For example, Chinatown, office town, Monzen-machi, red-light district, etc., or heavy snowfall zone, subtropical zone such as Okinawa, etc., by local attribute information storage means for storing local attribute information describing a certain area or region is there.

In FIG. 13, the building information storage means 10, map information storage means 20, image display means 40,
A thick line connecting to the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 30 indicates a connection relationship between the components, and a thin line in the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit 30 indicates a flow of information or a flow of processing.

Although FIG. 13 shows both the time information storage means 50 and the local attribute information storage means 60, only one of them may be provided. Note that the regional attribute information can be included in the map information.
In that case, the area attribute storage means can be replaced by the map information storage means. It is also possible to include the area attribute information in the building information. In that case, the area attribute storage means can be replaced by the building information storage means.
This will be described later.

The time information is calculated and determined from the time information input means for time adjustment, the clock function, and the calendar.
Generally, the time information input unit and the clock function are held by the three-dimensional scenery drawing generation unit 30, and the time information stored in the time information storage unit is generally only a calendar function. By taking alternative means, such as inputting the information from outside each time, the time information storage means can be omitted. The information stored in each of these storage units is used by the three-dimensional model generation unit 310, and the time information may be used by the three-dimensional landscape generation unit 330 as described later.

The use of time information will be described. In the first and second embodiments, the distinction between day and night is not mentioned. However, the night view mode is set at night, and the display is changed to daytime to increase the display reality. In order to realize the night view mode, the three-dimensional model generating means 310 may have independent functions for daytime and nighttime, or the same three-dimensional model generating means 310 may use time information separately. . Also, as described in Embodiment 2,
When a plurality of three-dimensional model generation means 310 are provided according to the three-dimensional model pattern, the three-dimensional model generation means 310 may be provided for daytime and nighttime, respectively, or time information may be incorporated in each.

The same three-dimensional model is used for the nighttime three-dimensional model.
Even in a dimensional model pattern, diversity can be provided by changing the ratio of windows lit by a building, its color, brightness, and the like using a method such as random numbers. Also, if you have a detached house with large windows,
Instead of finishing the entire window in monotone, it is also possible to raise the illuminance of a part as if the reading light is on. Furthermore, when the time information can be used, the lighting ratio of the window light is changed according to the time,
For example, 60% of windows are turned on until 20:00 at night,
40% from hour to 22:00, 20 from 22:00 to 24:00
%, Turn off all windows after 24:00,
The atmosphere at night as a residential area can be made more realistic. When the type of building is included in the building information and can be used, for example, the time distribution of the lighting ratio can be changed depending on whether the building is a residential building or an office building. Regarding the color, the lit windows are yellow, the unlit windows are dark blue, and in the case of simulating reading, only some of the windows are yellow and blurred around, and only high-rise buildings are Diversity and reality can be improved by using red illumination. Further, as the time information, not only the time of day and night or one day but also date information or seasonal information may be displayed, reflecting a special day. For example, special lighting can be placed on a building that satisfies certain conditions only on Christmas Eve.

It is needless to say that it is necessary to change not only the display of the building but also the display of the entire three-dimensional landscape at night. For this purpose, the time information (in this case, time) is read into the three-dimensional landscape generating means 330, and the display other than the buildings is displayed day and night, for example, the sky and the road are displayed with a color tone that seems to be night. By using the time information in this way, it is possible to easily improve the reality of the entire three-dimensional landscape through the expression of seasonal differences such as day and night landscapes and Christmas.

Next, the use of the area attribute information will be described. Chinatown, scenic area, Monzen-cho, sake brewing street, entertainment district, etc.
There are areas where buildings differ significantly from the average appearance of other areas. For example, in Chinatown, there are many Chinese-style buildings. Therefore, if there is regional attribute information indicating that a building for which a three-dimensional model is to be generated exists in Chinatown and a means for generating a three-dimensional model of a Chinese-style building, there are many Chinese-style buildings only in Chinatown. Can be built.
The Chinatown-style three-dimensional model is configured using parts and structures characteristic of Chinese-style houses, such as red pillars, red balustrades, and walls with round holes. According to the above-mentioned method, it is possible to easily create a real townscape like Chinatown as a whole without creating or memorizing detailed models for each building in Chinatown using detailed building information. Can be generated.

The townscape may reflect characteristics of a slightly wider area. For example, the roof of a detached house in Japan is often tiled, but the slope is often relatively gentle. On the other hand, in heavy snowfall areas such as Hokkaido where there is a lot of powdered snow, the roof of detached houses is often made of tin, which has a steep slope and a slippery roof material so that snow can fall off easily.

If the distinction between heavy snowfall area and non-heavy snowfall area is held as regional attribute information in the above sense, three-dimensional model generating means is provided for each of heavy snowfall area and non-heavy snowfall area, or By reading information on heavy snowfall / non-heavy snowfall areas and using this to modify the basic skeleton of a detached house, and changing the roof slope, the heavy snowfall area will be Can generate a three-dimensional model that has a steeply sloping roof and a gently sloping roof in non-heavy snow areas, and that can be expected to improve the reality of the entire landscape.

Further, heavy snowfall areas can be classified according to the snowfall statistics of heavy snowfall areas, and the inclination angle of the roof can be changed according to the amount of snowfall, and the reflectivity of the roof can be changed to improve the reality. I can do it.

Such attribute information can be included in the building information and provided for each building (one bit is sufficient). Alternatively, the form may be handled collectively for each area. In the latter case, since it is possible to cope with the whole area, instead of coping with each individual building, there is an advantage that the generation of the three-dimensional model is partially uniform but can be simplified. If you want to collectively handle by region,
It is conceivable that an area holding the area attribute information is represented by one or a plurality of polygons on a map, and the coordinates of each vertex are held as information. This information may be held as map information, or may be stored as area attribute information independently of the map information in a form corresponding to the content of the area attribute. FIG. 13 shows a case where the data is stored in the storage means independently.

When the regional attribute information is used in combination with the above-mentioned time information, more various three-dimensional models can be generated. For example, if the lighting status of the nighttime lighting is taken into consideration with regional attribute information such as an office district or a residential district, a more realistic display can be realized. Further, in a heavy snowfall area, it is possible to generate a three-dimensional model in which snow is piled up on the upper part (roof) of a building for a specific period within the range of decoration of the basic skeleton.

The number of combinations of various types of information used for generating a three-dimensional model described in the first to third embodiments will be roughly estimated. (The following evaluations are only rough examples.) Height: 3 ways, bottom area: 3 ways, distance from viewpoint: 4 ways, time: 4 ways (morning, noon, evening,
Night), Season: 4 or more (Spring / Summer / Winter, Christmas, New Year), Heavy Snowfall Area: 2 or more, Townscape: 4 or more (Business District, Residential District, Chinatown, Entertainment District, etc.) More than 4000 combinations. It is not realistic to store this as a three-dimensional model for all the target buildings, and it is not possible to generate a program as in the present invention unless the degree of freedom for some changes is increased by various kinds of information. It is difficult.

Embodiment 4 A case where the present invention is applied to a three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus will be described. FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of the configuration of the three-dimensional landscape generation device according to the present invention. In the figure, the names and functions of reference numerals 10 to 30 are the same as the names and functions of the reference numerals in FIG. Note that the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means 30 includes the three-dimensional model generation means 310 and the three-dimensional landscape generation means 330 in FIG.
14, but the drawing means 320 is omitted in FIG. This is because it is not always necessary to use the drawing means 330 in the present embodiment. It may be understood that the same three-dimensional landscape drawing generation unit as that of FIG. 1 is used and the drawing unit 330 is not used. Reference numeral 70 denotes a three-dimensional model storage unit, which generates a three-dimensional model of the building generated by the three-dimensional model generation unit 310 or a three-dimensional model of the generated building arranged on a map by the three-dimensional landscape generation unit 320. This is a three-dimensional model storage unit for storing a three-dimensional landscape. The three-dimensional landscape here is
It is not the “projection diagram” of the three-dimensional landscape described in the first to third embodiments. Therefore, when dealing with this three-dimensional landscape map,
Large capacity is required for storing.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, Step 1
Steps 7 to 7 are the same as those described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. In Step 8, the three-dimensional model i is arranged on the map to generate a three-dimensional landscape i. Step9 and Step10 are St in Fig.3
Same as ep11 and Step12. In Step 11, the generated three-dimensional landscape i is stored and stored in the three-dimensional model storage means 70. Alternatively, Step 8 can be omitted, Step 11 can be brought to the position of Step 8, and the three-dimensional model itself can be stored and stored in the three-dimensional model storage means 70 for all the buildings.

A large storage capacity is required to store a three-dimensional model or a three-dimensional landscape map of a large number of buildings, and this point is pointed out as a problem of the prior art. Therefore, storing such data deviates from the object of the invention described so far. On the other hand, if the system can tolerate disadvantages in terms of storage capacity, As described in the first to third embodiments relating to the three-dimensional landscape display device, it is possible to generate various three-dimensional models with a small amount of building information, and the drawing scale of the building wall surface displayed on the screen allows the approximate building scale to be reduced. In addition to being useful for building collation, it has the following advantages: The generated three-dimensional model or three-dimensional landscape data of the building can be stored in a storage medium or the like and moved to another location.・ Since a 3D model or a 3D landscape that has already been generated can be used, it can be displayed simply and in a short time. -Since it has a generating means, the stored three-dimensional model or three-dimensional landscape can be easily modified and edited as needed. Note that, as described in the second embodiment, the three-dimensional model may be generated using a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means.

Further, the three-dimensional model of the building generated by the three-dimensional model generating means 310 is stored in the three-dimensional model storing means 70 using the time information and the regional attribute information described in the third embodiment. Alternatively, a three-dimensional model for each building can be arranged on a map and stored in the form of a three-dimensional landscape. At this time, a plurality of three-dimensional model generation means may be used, or a plurality of three-dimensional model generation means may be shared by a plurality of CPUs, and the three-dimensional model generation processes of a plurality of buildings may be processed in parallel. . Thus, as described in the second and third embodiments, a more realistic and diverse building three-dimensional model can be generated, and a diverse three-dimensional landscape can be obtained in a short time.

[0079]

As described above, in the three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention, the three-dimensional model generation means uses a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. By generating a three-dimensional model of a building, a variety of three-dimensional models of a building can be easily generated from a small amount of building information, so that the labor and time required for creating the building information can be greatly reduced. With a small-scale system, it is possible to generate and display realistic cityscapes. In addition, since the three-dimensional model pattern is determined in correspondence with the building information, the type and size of the building can be determined only by looking at the drawing pattern of the building wall without displaying the entire image of the building. Rough information about the height (including height) can be obtained, and building identification and collation can be facilitated.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention comprises:
The three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of the building in accordance with a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the type of the building, the bottom shape, and the height information. , The generated 3D model can be changed, so even a little additional building information can be used to generate a more diverse 3D model, and a small-scale system can display a more realistic cityscape. And the identification and collation of the building is further facilitated.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
A plurality of three-dimensional model generating means are provided in place of the three-dimensional model generating means, and the plurality of three-dimensional model patterns are prepared for each building according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. By providing the three-dimensional model generation selecting means for selecting one or more three-dimensional model generating means from the three-dimensional model generating means, it is possible to use an appropriate three-dimensional model generating means for each building. For this reason, it is possible to easily generate a more diverse three-dimensional model suitable for a building, to display a more realistic cityscape with a small-scale system, and to further identify and collate the building. It will be easier.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
At least one of the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means
One can modify the basic skeleton of the building, so it is possible to selectively improve the expressive power of the building, balance the equipment load and the expressive power of the building, and save hardware resources. effective.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
A plurality of CPUs (Central Processing Units) are provided in the three-dimensional scenery drawing generation means, and the three-dimensional model generation of the building by the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means is performed in parallel by the plurality of CPUs. When generating a precise three-dimensional model, the real-time display performance can be improved.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
The three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of the building by using at least one of a distance from the viewpoint to the building and an angle between each wall surface of the building and a line of sight, thereby obtaining a distance between the building and the viewpoint. The degree of detail of the entire building 3D model or a specific surface thereof can be changed according to the angle and the angle. This makes it easy to see the display while maintaining the reality of the entire scenery, where the display is crowded with normal display, such as a distant plane or a plane parallel to the line of sight, and it can also save unnecessary processing. This is effective in saving hardware resources.

The three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
The time information is used in the three-dimensional model generating means and the three-dimensional landscape generating means for generating the three-dimensional landscape using the generated three-dimensional model and the map information, so that the time can be converted to the time in the building three-dimensional model or the three-dimensional landscape. -Date and seasonal modification can be applied to further improve the reality of the 3D model and the entire cityscape.

A three-dimensional landscape display device according to the present invention
The three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of the building by using the regional attribute information, so that the three-dimensional model of the building is modified according to the regional characteristics, and the three-dimensional model and the entire cityscape are subjected to localization. Reality can be further improved based on the characteristics.

The three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention
The three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means generates, stores and saves a three-dimensional model or a three-dimensional landscape of the building in accordance with a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. 3D models or 3D landscape data with excellent reality and building identification and matching can be provided immediately, and can be transferred to another location, and possess 3D model generation means Thereby, the stored three-dimensional model or three-dimensional landscape data can be corrected and edited.

A three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention
In the three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means, a three-dimensional model or a three-dimensional landscape of the building is generated and stored according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance including the type of the building. With a small increase, a three-dimensional model or three-dimensional landscape data with further improved landscape reality and building discrimination and matching can be provided in a form that can be edited and corrected.

The three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to the present invention
The three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means uses time information when generating the three-dimensional model or the three-dimensional landscape, and performs a seasonal modification on the three-dimensional model or the three-dimensional landscape to apply the time, date, and the like. By generating and storing, it is possible to immediately provide a three-dimensional model or three-dimensional landscape data in which the landscape reality and the building identification and collation properties are further improved in a form that can be edited and corrected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a basic configuration of a three-dimensional landscape display device according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 shows an example of three-dimensional model pattern classification based on the type of building, the bottom area, and the height.

FIG. 3 is a processing flowchart of the three-dimensional landscape display device according to the first embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a processing flowchart of a three-dimensional landscape generation device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a display example of a three-dimensional model of a high-rise building.

FIG. 6 is a display example of a three-dimensional model of a building having a low floor and a large bottom area.

FIG. 7 is a display example of a three-dimensional model of a detached house.

FIG. 8 is a display example of a three-dimensional model that changes depending on the distance from the viewpoint.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional landscape display device according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 10: Example of a three-dimensional model of a building whose height is easy to understand (low-rise residential building)

FIG. 11: Example of a three-dimensional model of a building whose height is easy to understand (a building for a middle-rise house)

FIG. 12: Example of a 3D model of a building whose height is easy to understand (super high-rise building)

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a three-dimensional landscape display device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a three-dimensional map generation device according to a fourth embodiment;

[Explanation of symbols]

10 building information storage means, 20 map information storage means,
30 three-dimensional landscape drawing generation means, 40 image display means, 50 time information storage means, 60 regional attribute information storage means, 70 three-dimensional model storage means, 310 three-dimensional model generation means, 320 three-dimensional landscape generation means, 3
30 drawing means, 311 three-dimensional model generating means 1,
312 3D model generation means 2, ... 31n 3D model generation means n, 340 3D model generation selection means, 100 Omission line in the middle, 110 Wall surface made of concrete or the like at 110 convex portion, 120 Window at concave portion, 130 Right side of building Face, 200 building walls, etc.
210 window frame, 220 windows, 230 constriction between adjacent rooms, 240 left side of building, 400 front wall,
410 roof, 420 windows on the side, 430 entrance door on the front, 500 elevator tower.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2C032 HB05 HB22 HC22 HC23 HC24 HD03 2F029 AA02 AC03 5B050 BA07 BA09 BA11 BA17 DA10 EA19 EA27 FA02

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A three-dimensional model of a building is constructed using building information having information on the bottom shape and height of a building according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. A three-dimensional model generating means for generating the three-dimensional model, and a three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means for generating a three-dimensional landscape projection map of the city using the generated three-dimensional model of the building and the map information. And a three-dimensional landscape display device comprising image display means for displaying the generated three-dimensional landscape projection view. 2. The three-dimensional model generating means includes the type of the building in the building information, and the three-dimensional model generating means calculates the three-dimensional model of the building according to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the type of the building, the bottom shape, and the height information. The three-dimensional scene display device according to claim 1, wherein a three-dimensional model is generated. 3. A building according to a plurality of three-dimensional model generating means for generating a three-dimensional model of a building for each building, and a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building. The three-dimensional landscape display according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a three-dimensional model generation selecting unit that selects one or more three-dimensional model generating units from the plurality of three-dimensional model generating units for each of the three-dimensional model generating units. apparatus. 4. The three-dimensional landscape display device according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means is capable of modifying a basic skeleton of a building. 5. A method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of said plurality of three-dimensional model generating means are provided in said three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means.
5. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a CPU (Central Processing Unit), wherein the plurality of three-dimensional model generation means causes the plurality of CPUs to perform three-dimensional model generation of the building in parallel. 3D landscape display device. 6. The three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of a building using at least one of a distance from a viewpoint to the building and an angle between each wall surface of the building and a line of sight. The three-dimensional landscape display device according to claim 1. 7. The three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means,
The three-dimensional landscape display device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein time information is used. 8. The three-dimensional landscape display device according to claim 1, wherein said three-dimensional model generation means generates a three-dimensional model of a building using regional attribute information. 9. According to a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the bottom shape and height information of the building, a three-dimensional model of the building is constructed using the building information having the bottom shape and height information of the building. A three-dimensional model generating means for generating the three-dimensional model, and a three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means for generating a three-dimensional landscape projection map of the city using the generated three-dimensional model of the building and the map information. And a three-dimensional model storage unit for storing and storing the generated three-dimensional model of the building or the generated three-dimensional landscape of the city. 10. The building information including the type of building,
10. The three-dimensional model of a building according to claim 9, wherein the three-dimensional model generating means generates a three-dimensional model of the building in accordance with a plurality of three-dimensional model patterns prepared in advance according to the type of the building, the bottom shape, and the height information. 3D landscape generator. 11. The three-dimensional landscape generating apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the three-dimensional landscape drawing generating means uses time information.