JP2002270159A - Battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery capable of improving adhering performance between negative electrode materials, and enhancing a property. SOLUTION: A wound electrode element 20 wherein a strip-shaped positive electrode 21 and negative electrode 22 are wound through a separator 23 is provided. On the negative electrode 22, lithium metal is deposited halfway through charging, and the capacity of the negative electrode 22 is expressed by the sum of capacitive component due to storing/desorbing of lithium and capacitive component due to depositing/fusing of lithium metal. The negative electrode 22 includes graphite and hardly graphitized carbon as a negative electrode material capable of storing/desorbing lithium. Thereby, volume change during charging/discharging is decreased, and adhering performance between the negative electrode materials, so that an excellent charging/discharging cycle property can be obtained. A hardly graphitized carbon content in the negative electrode material capable of storing/desorbing lithium is preferably from 3 to 60 percent by mass.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery provided with an electrolyte in addition to a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and more particularly to a battery in which the capacity of a negative electrode is the sum of a capacity component due to insertion and extraction of light metal and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of light metal. For the battery represented by

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, portable electronic devices typified by a camera-integrated VTR (video tape recorder), a mobile phone or a laptop computer have become widespread. Have been. Along with this, demands for higher capacity and higher energy density of secondary batteries as those portable power sources are increasing.

As a secondary battery capable of obtaining a high energy density, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery using a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium (Li) such as a carbon material for a negative electrode, or There is a lithium secondary battery using lithium metal for the negative electrode. In particular, lithium secondary batteries have a theoretical electrochemical equivalent of lithium metal of 205.
Since it is as large as 4 mAh / cm ³ , corresponding to 2.5 times that of the graphite material used in the lithium ion secondary battery, it is expected that a higher energy density than the lithium ion secondary battery can be obtained. Until now, many researchers have been conducting research and development on the practical application of lithium secondary batteries (for example, Lithium Batteries, Jean-Paul
Gabano ed., Academic Press (1983)).

[0004]

However, the lithium secondary battery has a problem that the discharge capacity is greatly deteriorated when charging and discharging are repeated, and it is difficult to put the battery to practical use. This capacity deterioration is based on the fact that the lithium secondary battery utilizes the precipitation and dissolution reaction of lithium metal at the negative electrode, and the volume of the negative electrode corresponding to the lithium ions moving between the positive and negative electrodes during charging and discharging. Is greatly increased or decreased by the capacity, so that the volume of the negative electrode greatly changes, and the dissolution reaction and recrystallization reaction of the lithium metal crystal become difficult to reversibly proceed. In addition, the change in volume of the negative electrode increases as the energy density is increased, and the capacity deterioration further increases.

Accordingly, the present inventors have newly developed a secondary battery in which the capacity of the negative electrode is represented by the sum of a capacity component due to insertion and extraction of lithium and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of lithium. In this method, a carbon material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is used for a negative electrode, and lithium is deposited on the surface of the carbon material during charging. According to this secondary battery, it is expected that charge / discharge cycle characteristics are improved while achieving high energy density. However, in order to put this secondary battery into practical use, it is necessary to further improve and stabilize its characteristics, and for that purpose, research and development on electrode materials are indispensable. In particular, in the negative electrode, lithium repeatedly precipitates and dissolves on the surface of the carbon material particles during charging and discharging, so that the adhesion between the carbon materials tends to deteriorate, and the internal resistance of the battery increases,
There is a problem that charge / discharge cycle characteristics are significantly deteriorated.

The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery capable of preventing an increase in internal resistance and improving characteristics.

[0007]

A battery according to the present invention comprises an electrolyte in addition to a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The capacity of the negative electrode is determined by a capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of light metal,
The negative electrode is represented by the sum of a capacitance component due to the precipitation and dissolution of light metal, and the negative electrode contains graphite and non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing light metal.

The battery according to the present invention contains graphite and non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing light metals, so that the adhesiveness between the negative electrode materials is improved and the internal resistance is increased. Is suppressed.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional structure of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. This secondary battery is a so-called jelly-roll type battery. A band-shaped positive electrode 21 and a negative electrode 2 are provided inside a substantially hollow cylindrical battery can 11.
Electrode body 2 wound with a separator 2 via a separator 23
It has 0. The battery can 11 is made of, for example, nickel-plated iron, and has one end closed and the other end open. Inside the battery can 11, a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are respectively arranged perpendicular to the winding peripheral surface so as to sandwich the winding electrode body 20.

At the open end of the battery can 11, a battery cover 14 is provided.
And a safety valve mechanism 15 provided inside the battery lid 14.
And Positive Temperature Coefficie
nt; PTC element) 16 and caulked via a gasket 17, and the battery can 11
The inside is closed. The battery cover 14 is made of, for example, the same material as the battery can 11. The safety valve mechanism 15 is electrically connected to the battery cover 14 via the thermal resistance element 16, and when the internal pressure of the battery becomes higher than a certain level due to an internal short circuit or external heating, the disk plate 15a is inverted. Then, the electrical connection between the battery cover 14 and the spirally wound electrode body 20 is cut off. Thermal resistance element 1
Reference numeral 6 denotes an element for limiting the current by increasing the resistance value when the temperature rises and preventing abnormal heat generation due to a large current, and is made of, for example, a barium titanate-based semiconductor ceramic. The gasket 17 is made of, for example, an insulating material, and its surface is coated with asphalt.

The wound electrode body 20 is wound around, for example, a center pin 24. Positive electrode 2 of wound electrode body 20
1 is connected to a positive electrode lead 25 made of aluminum or the like, and the negative electrode 22 is connected to a negative electrode lead 26 made of nickel or the like. The positive electrode lead 25 is electrically connected to the battery cover 14 by being welded to the safety valve mechanism 15, and the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to and electrically connected to the battery can 11.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the spirally wound electrode body 20 shown in FIG. The positive electrode 21 has, for example, a structure in which a positive electrode mixture layer 21b is provided on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 21a having a pair of opposing surfaces. Although not shown, the positive electrode mixture layer 21b may be provided only on one side of the positive electrode current collector 21a. Positive electrode current collector 21a
Has a thickness of, for example, about 5 μm to 50 μm, and is made of a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, a nickel foil, or a stainless steel foil. The positive electrode mixture layer 21b has a thickness of, for example, 80 μm to 250 μm and includes a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium as a light metal. When the positive electrode mixture layer 21b is provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 21a, the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 21b is the total thickness thereof.

As the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, for example, a lithium-containing compound such as lithium oxide, lithium sulfide, or an intercalation compound containing lithium is suitable. You may use it. In particular, to increase the energy density, a lithium composite oxide represented by the general formula Li _x MO ₂ or an intercalation compound containing lithium is preferable. In addition, M is preferably one or more transition metals. Specifically, cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), vanadium (V) and titanium ( At least one of Ti)
Species are preferred. x differs depending on the charge / discharge state of the battery, and is usually a value in the range of 0.05 ≦ x ≦ 1.10. In addition, LiM having a spinel type crystal structure is also used.
n ₂ O ₄ or LiF having an olivine type crystal structure
ePO _{4 is} also preferable because a high energy density can be obtained.

Incidentally, such a positive electrode material includes, for example, lithium carbonate, nitrate, oxide or hydroxide,
It is prepared by mixing and pulverizing a transition metal carbonate, nitrate, oxide or hydroxide to have a desired composition, followed by calcination in an oxygen atmosphere at a temperature in the range of 600 ° C to 1000 ° C. Is done.

The positive electrode mixture layer 21b also contains, for example, a conductive agent, and may further contain a binder, if necessary. Examples of the conductive agent include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black and Ketjen black, and one or more of them are used in combination. Further, in addition to the carbon material, a metal material or a conductive polymer material may be used as long as the material has conductivity. Examples of the binder include synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber and ethylene propylene diene rubber, and polymer materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and one or more of them are mixed. Used as For example,
When the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound as shown in FIG. 1, it is preferable to use a highly flexible styrene-butadiene-based rubber or a fluorine-based rubber as the binder.

The negative electrode 22 has, for example, a structure in which a negative electrode mixture layer 22b is provided on both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector 22a having a pair of opposing surfaces. Although not shown, the negative electrode mixture layer 22b may be provided only on one side of the negative electrode current collector 22a. The negative electrode current collector 22a is made of a metal foil such as a copper foil, a nickel foil, or a stainless steel foil having good electrochemical stability, electric conductivity, and mechanical strength. In particular, copper foil is most preferable because it has high electric conductivity. The thickness of the negative electrode current collector 22a is preferably, for example, about 6 μm to 40 μm. 6μ
If the thickness is smaller than m, the mechanical strength is reduced, the anode current collector 22a is easily broken in the manufacturing process, and the production efficiency is reduced. The volume ratio becomes larger than necessary,
This is because it becomes difficult to increase the energy density.

The negative electrode mixture layer 22b includes a negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium as a light metal.
It may contain the same binder as b. Negative electrode mixture layer 22
The thickness of b is, for example, 80 μm to 250 μm. This thickness is the total thickness when the negative electrode mixture layer 22b is provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 22a.

In the present specification, the term "storage / release of light metal" means that light metal ions are electrochemically stored / released without losing their ionicity. This includes not only the case where the occluded light metal exists in a perfect ionic state but also the case where the occluded light metal exists in a state that cannot be said to be a perfect ionic state. Such cases include, for example, occlusion by electrochemical intercalation reaction of light metal ions with respect to graphite. Further, occlusion of light metals by forming an intermetallic compound or an alloy can also be mentioned.

As the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, a carbon material is preferable. The carbon material has very little change in the crystal structure that occurs during charging and discharging,
This is because high charge / discharge capacity and good charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. Among them, in the present embodiment,
The negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium contains graphite and non-graphitizable carbon. Graphite is preferable because it has a large electrochemical equivalent and can obtain a high energy density.Furthermore, by mixing with non-graphitizable carbon, the volume change during charging and discharging is small, and the adhesion between the negative electrode materials is improved. And the increase in internal resistance is suppressed,
This is because better charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.

The content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is 3% by mass.
It is preferably at least 60% by mass. This is because better charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained within this range. Further, since the discharge capacity generally tends to be lower as the content of graphite is reduced and the content of non-graphitizable carbon is increased, the content of non-graphitizable carbon is preferably not increased more than necessary. .

As the graphite, for example, the true density is 2.10
g / cm ³ or more, preferably 2.18 g / cm ³
The above is more preferable. In order to obtain such a true density, the C-axis crystallite thickness of the (002) plane must be 1
It is necessary to be 4.0 nm or more. Also, (00
2) The spacing between the surfaces is preferably less than 0.340 nm, and more preferably 0.335 nm or more and 0.337 nm or less.

The graphite may be natural graphite or artificial graphite.
In the case of artificial graphite, for example, it can be obtained by carbonizing an organic material, performing a high-temperature heat treatment, and pulverizing and classifying. The high-temperature heat treatment is performed by, for example, carbonizing at 300 ° C. to 700 ° C. in an inert gas stream such as nitrogen (N ₂ ) as necessary,
The temperature is raised from 900 ° C to 1500 ° C at a rate of 1 ° C to 100 ° C per minute, the temperature is maintained for about 0 hours to 30 hours, and calcined, and heated to 2000 ° C or more, preferably 2500 ° C or more. This is performed by maintaining the temperature for an appropriate time.

As the starting organic material, coal or pitch can be used. For the pitch, for example, tars obtained by pyrolyzing coal tar, ethylene bottom oil or crude oil at a high temperature, asphalt, etc. (vacuum distillation, normal pressure distillation or steam distillation), thermal polycondensation, extraction, Examples include those obtained by chemical polycondensation, those produced at the time of wood reflux, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyrate, and 3,5-dimethylphenol resin.
These coals or pitches have a maximum of 400
It exists as a liquid at about ℃, and aromatic rings are condensed and polycyclic by being held at that temperature, and it is in a laminated orientation state, and then becomes a solid carbon precursor at about 500 ° C. or higher, that is, semi-coke. (Liquid phase carbonization process).

Examples of the organic material include condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, triphenylene, pyrene, perylene, pentaphen, and pentacene, and derivatives thereof (for example, carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides of the above compounds). , Carboximides), or mixtures thereof. Further, condensed heterocyclic compounds such as acenaphthylene, indole, isoindole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, carbazole, acridine, phenazine, phenanthridine and derivatives thereof;
Alternatively, a mixture thereof can be used.

The pulverization may be carried out before or after carbonization or calcination, or during the heating process before graphitization. In these cases, heat treatment for graphitization is finally performed in a powder state. However, to obtain graphite powder with high bulk density and high breaking strength, heat treatment is performed after molding the raw material,
It is preferable to pulverize and classify the obtained graphitized molded body.

For example, in the case of producing a graphitized molded body, coke as a filler and binder pitch as a molding agent or a sintering agent are mixed and molded. And the pitch impregnating step of impregnating the sintered body with the melted binder pitch is repeated several times, followed by heat treatment at a high temperature. The impregnated binder pitch is carbonized and graphitized in the above heat treatment process. By the way, in this case,
Since filler (coke) and binder pitch are used as raw materials, it is graphitized as a polycrystal, and since sulfur and nitrogen contained in the raw materials are generated as a gas during heat treatment, minute holes are formed in the passage. It is formed. Accordingly, the vacancies facilitate the progress of the insertion and extraction reaction of lithium, and also have the advantage of high industrial processing efficiency. In addition, as a raw material of the molded body, the moldability itself,
A filler having sinterability may be used. In this case, it is not necessary to use a binder pitch.

As the non-graphitizable carbon, the (002) plane spacing is 0.37 nm or more and the true density is 1.70 g / cm ^3.
And differential thermal analysis in air (differentiate
Those which do not show an exothermic peak at 700 ° C. or higher in al thermal analysis (DTA) are preferable.

Such non-graphitizable carbon can be obtained, for example, by subjecting an organic material to a heat treatment at about 1200 ° C., followed by pulverization and classification. The heat treatment is performed, for example, for 30
After carbonization at 0 ° C to 700 ° C (solid phase carbonization process), the temperature is raised to 900 ° C to 1300 ° C at a rate of 1 ° C to 100 ° C per minute, and this temperature is maintained for about 0 to 30 hours. . The pulverization may be performed before or after carbonization, or during the heating process.

As the organic material used as a starting material, for example, furfuryl alcohol or furfural polymer or copolymer, or furan resin which is a copolymer of these polymers and other resins can be used. . Also,
Phenol resin, acrylic resin, vinyl halide resin, polyimide resin, polyamide imide resin, polyamide resin, conjugated resin such as polyacetylene or polyparaphenylene, cellulose or derivatives thereof, coffee beans, bamboo, shellfish including chitosan, bacteria Biocelluloses utilizing the same can also be used. Furthermore, the atomic ratio H / of hydrogen atoms (H) and carbon atoms (C)
A compound in which a functional group containing oxygen (O) is introduced (so-called oxygen cross-linking) into petroleum pitch in which C is, for example, 0.6 to 0.8 can also be used.

The oxygen content of this compound is preferably at least 3%, more preferably at least 5% (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 3-252053). This is because the oxygen content affects the crystal structure of the carbon material, and at a higher content, the physical properties of the non-graphitizable carbon can be increased, and the capacity of the negative electrode 22 can be improved. For example, petroleum pitch is used for distillation (vacuum distillation, atmospheric distillation or steam distillation) of tars obtained by pyrolyzing coal tar, ethylene bottom oil or crude oil at a high temperature, or hot gravity. It is obtained by condensation, extraction or chemical polycondensation. Examples of the oxidative crosslinking method include nitric acid,
A wet method in which an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, or a mixed acid thereof is reacted with petroleum pitch, a dry method in which an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen is reacted with petroleum pitch, or sulfur, ammonium nitrate, ammonium persulfate, A method of reacting a solid reagent such as ferric chloride with petroleum pitch can be used.

The organic material used as a starting material is not limited to these, and any other organic material may be used as long as it is an organic material that can be made non-graphitizable carbon through a solid phase carbonization process by oxygen crosslinking or the like.

Examples of the non-graphitizable carbon include those produced using the above-mentioned organic materials as starting materials, and those described in JP-A-3-13.
The compound containing phosphorus (P), oxygen, and carbon as main components described in Japanese Patent No. 7010 is also preferable because it exhibits the above-mentioned physical property parameters.

The negative electrode mixture layer 22b may also contain a material other than graphite and non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.
Also in that case, the content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is preferably 3% by mass or more and 60% or less as described above. This is because the change in volume at the time of charge and discharge is reduced by mixing the non-graphitizable carbon, and the adhesiveness between the negative electrode materials is considered to be improved.

Other negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include, for example, metals or semiconductors capable of forming alloys or compounds with lithium, or alloys or compounds thereof. These are preferable because a high energy density can be obtained.

As such a metal or semiconductor,
For example, tin (Sn), lead (Pb), aluminum (A
l), indium (In), silicon (Si), zinc (Z
n), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr)
And yttrium (Y). These alloys or compounds, e.g., chemical formula Ma _s Mb _t
Li _u, or include those represented by the chemical formula Ma _p Mc _q Md _r. In these chemical formulas, Ma represents at least one of a metal element and a semiconductor element capable of forming an alloy or a compound with lithium; Mb represents at least one of a metal element and a semiconductor element other than lithium and Ma; Represents at least one kind of non-metallic element, and Md represents at least one kind of metallic element and semiconductor element other than Ma. Also, s, t, u,
The values of p, q and r are s> 0, t ≧ 0, u ≧
0, p> 0, q> 0, r ≧ 0.

Among them, a group 4B metal element or a semiconductor element, or an alloy or compound thereof is preferable.
Particularly preferred are silicon or tin, or alloys or compounds thereof. These may be crystalline or amorphous.

For such an alloy or compound,
To give an example, LiAl, AlSb, CuMgS
b, SiB_Four, SiB₆, Mg_TwoSi, Mg_TwoSn, N
i_TwoSi, TiSi_Two, MoSi_Two, CoSi_Two, Ni
Si_Two, CaSi_Two, CrSi_Two, Cu_FiveSi, FeS
i_Two, MnSi_Two, NbSi_Two, TaSi_Two, VS
i _Two, WSi_Two, ZnSi_Two, SiC, Si_ThreeN_Four, S
i_TwoN_TwoO, SiO_v(0 <v ≦ 2), SnO_w(0 <
w ≦ 2), SnSiO_Three, LiSiO or LiSn
O and the like.

Other negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include other carbon materials, other metal compounds and polymer materials. Examples of other carbon materials include graphitizable carbon. Examples of other metal compounds include oxides such as iron oxide, ruthenium oxide and molybdenum oxide, and LiN _3. Examples of polymer materials include polyacetylene. , Polyaniline or polypyrrole.

In this secondary battery, during the charging process, lithium metal starts to precipitate on the negative electrode 22 when the open circuit voltage (that is, the battery voltage) is lower than the overcharge voltage. That is, when the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 22, and the capacity of the negative electrode 22 is based on the capacity component due to insertion and extraction of lithium and the capacity component due to deposition and dissolution of lithium metal. And the sum of Therefore, in this secondary battery, both the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and the lithium metal function as the negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is the base material when the lithium metal is deposited. It has become.

The overcharge voltage refers to an open circuit voltage when the battery is overcharged. For example, one of the guidelines set by the Japan Storage Battery Association (Battery Manufacturers Association) is “lithium”. Guideline for Secondary Battery Safety Evaluation Standards ”(S
"Full charge" as defined and defined in BA G1101)
Refers to a voltage higher than the open circuit voltage of the battery. In other words, it refers to a voltage higher than the open circuit voltage after charging using the charging method, the standard charging method, or the recommended charging method used to determine the nominal capacity of each battery. Specifically, in this secondary battery, for example, the battery is fully charged when the open circuit voltage is 4.2 V, and the negative electrode capable of inserting and extracting lithium in a part of the open circuit voltage in the range of 0 V or more and 4.2 V or less. Lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the material.

Thus, in this secondary battery, a high energy density can be obtained, and the cycle characteristics and the rapid charging characteristics can be improved. This is similar to a conventional lithium secondary battery using lithium metal or a lithium alloy for the negative electrode in that lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode 22, but lithium metal is deposited on a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium. This is considered to be because the following advantages are brought about by performing the operation.

First, in conventional lithium secondary batteries, it is difficult to deposit lithium metal uniformly, which causes deterioration of cycle characteristics. However, negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium are generally used. In this secondary battery, lithium metal can be uniformly deposited because of its large surface area. Second, in the conventional lithium secondary battery, the volume change accompanying the precipitation and elution of lithium metal was large, which also deteriorated the cycle characteristics. However, this secondary battery is capable of inserting and extracting lithium. The lithium metal precipitates also in the gaps between the particles of the negative electrode material, so that the volume change is small. Third, in a conventional lithium secondary battery, the larger the amount of lithium metal deposited / dissolved, the greater the above problem. However, in this secondary battery, lithium storage / removal by a negative electrode material capable of storing / removing lithium is performed. Since the detachment also contributes to the charge / discharge capacity, the amount of lithium metal deposited and dissolved is small in spite of the large battery capacity. Fourth, in a conventional lithium secondary battery, when rapid charging is performed, lithium metal precipitates more unevenly, so that cycle characteristics are further deteriorated. However, in this secondary battery, lithium is occluded in the initial stage of charging. -Fast charging is possible because lithium is occluded in the detachable negative electrode material.

In order to obtain these advantages more effectively, for example, the maximum deposition capacity of lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode 22 at the maximum voltage before the open circuit voltage becomes the overcharge voltage is determined as follows. It is preferable that the charge capacity is 0.05 times or more and 3.0 times or less of the charge capacity of the detachable negative electrode material. If the amount of lithium metal deposited is too large, a problem similar to that of a conventional lithium secondary battery occurs, and if the amount is too small, the charge / discharge capacity cannot be sufficiently increased. Also, for example, the discharge capacity of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is preferably 150 mAh / g or more. This is because the greater the ability to insert and extract lithium, the smaller the amount of lithium metal deposited. The charge capacity of the negative electrode material is obtained, for example, from the amount of electricity when a negative electrode using lithium metal as a counter electrode and using the negative electrode material as a negative electrode active material is charged to 0 V by a constant current / constant voltage method. The discharge capacity capacity of the negative electrode material is obtained, for example, from the quantity of electricity when the battery is discharged to 2.5 V over 10 hours or more by the constant current method.

The separator 23 is made of, for example, a porous film made of a synthetic resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or polyethylene, or a porous film made of ceramic. The structure may be modified. Above all, a polyolefin porous film is preferable because it has an excellent short-circuit prevention effect and can improve battery safety by a shutdown effect. In particular, polyethylene is 100
Since the shutdown effect can be obtained in the range of not less than 160 ° C. and the electrochemical stability is excellent, it is preferable as the material forming the separator 23. In addition, polypropylene is also preferable, and any other resin having chemical stability can be used by copolymerizing or blending with polyethylene or polypropylene.

The porous film made of polyolefin is prepared, for example, by kneading a liquid low-volatile solvent in a molten state with a polyolefin composition in a molten state to obtain a uniform high-concentration solution of the polyolefin composition, and then dicing the mixture. Molded by
It is obtained by cooling into a gel-like sheet and stretching.

As the low volatile solvent, for example, nonane,
Low volatile aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbons such as decane, decalin, p-xylene, undecane or liquid paraffin can be used. The mixing ratio of the polyolefin composition and the low-volatile solvent is 100% by mass of the total of both.
The content of the polyolefin composition is preferably from 10% by mass to 80% by mass, and more preferably from 15% by mass to 70% by mass. If the amount of the polyolefin composition is too small, swelling or neck-in becomes large at the die exit during molding, and sheet molding becomes difficult. on the other hand,
If the amount of the polyolefin composition is too large, it is difficult to prepare a uniform solution.

When a high-concentration solution of the polyolefin composition is molded with a die, in the case of a sheet die, the gap is preferably, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Further, the extrusion temperature is preferably from 140 ° C. to 250 ° C., and the extrusion speed is preferably from 2 cm / min to 30 cm / min.

The cooling is performed at least to a temperature below the gelation temperature. As a cooling method, a method of directly contacting with cold air, cooling water, or another cooling medium, a method of contacting with a roll cooled by a refrigerant, or the like can be used. The high-concentration solution of the polyolefin composition extruded from the die may be taken at a take-up ratio of 1 to 10 and preferably 1 to 5 before or during cooling. If the take-up ratio is too large, neck-in becomes large, and breakage tends to occur during stretching, which is not preferable.

The stretching of the gel-like sheet is preferably carried out by biaxial stretching, for example, by heating this gel-like sheet and employing a tenter method, a roll method, a rolling method or a combination thereof. At that time, either vertical or horizontal simultaneous stretching or sequential stretching may be used, but simultaneous secondary stretching is particularly preferable.
The stretching temperature is preferably equal to or lower than the temperature obtained by adding 10 ° C. to the melting point of the polyolefin composition, and more preferably equal to or higher than the crystal dispersion temperature and lower than the melting point. If the stretching temperature is too high, an effective molecular chain orientation due to stretching cannot be performed due to melting of the resin, which is not preferable.If the stretching temperature is too low, the softening of the resin becomes insufficient and the film breaks during stretching. This is because it is easy to perform stretching at a high magnification.

After stretching the gel-like sheet, it is preferable to wash the stretched film with a volatile solvent to remove the remaining low-volatile solvent. After washing, the stretched film is dried by heating or blowing, and the washing solvent is volatilized. As the cleaning solvent, for example, pentane, hexane,
A volatile substance such as a hydrocarbon such as hebutane, a chlorinated hydrocarbon such as methylene chloride or carbon tetrachloride, a fluorocarbon such as ethane trifluoride, or an ether such as diethyl ether or dioxane is used. The washing solvent is selected according to the low-volatile solvent used, and used alone or in combination. The washing can be performed by a method of immersing in a volatile solvent for extraction, a method of sprinkling with a volatile solvent, or a method of combining these. This washing is performed until the residual low-volatile solvent in the stretched film becomes less than 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin composition.

The separator 23 is impregnated with an electrolytic solution which is a liquid electrolyte. The electrolyte is a liquid solvent,
For example, it contains a non-aqueous solvent such as an organic solvent and a lithium salt which is an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent. The liquid non-aqueous solvent is, for example, a non-aqueous compound,
A material having an intrinsic viscosity at 25 ° C. of 10.0 mPa · s or less. As such a non-aqueous solvent, for example, a mixture of one or more substances represented by a cyclic carbonate or a chain carbonate is preferable.

Specifically, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran,
2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolan, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan, methyl acetate,
Methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, 3-methoxypropyronitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-
Methylpyrrolidinone, N-methyloxazolidinone,
N, N'-dimethylimidazolidinone, nitromethane,
Nitroethane, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide,
Trimethyl phosphate and those obtained by substituting a part or all of the hydroxyl groups of these compounds with a fluorine group are exemplified.
In particular, in order to realize excellent charge / discharge capacity characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics, it is preferable to use at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate.

As the lithium salt, for example, LiAsF
₆ , LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiB
(C ₆ H ₅ ) ₄ , LiCH ₃ SO ₃ , LiCF ₃ S
O ₃ , LiN (SO ₂ CF ₃ ) ₂ , LiC (SO ₂ CF
₃ ) ₃ , LiAlCl ₄ , LiSiF ₆ , LiCl, LiBr and the like.
Species or a mixture of two or more species is used. The content (concentration) of the lithium salt with respect to the solvent is preferably 3.0 mol / kg or less, more preferably 0.5 mol / kg or more. This is because the ionic conductivity of the electrolytic solution can be increased within this range.

In place of the electrolytic solution, a gel electrolyte in which the host polymer compound holds the electrolytic solution may be used. The gel electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of 1 mS /
cm or more, and there is no particular limitation on the composition and the structure of the host polymer compound. The electrolytic solution (that is, the liquid solvent and the electrolyte salt) is as described above. As the host polymer compound, for example, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and polyhexafluoropropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyphosphazene, poly Examples include siloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, polystyrene and polycarbonate. In particular, from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability, it is desirable to use a polymer compound having a structure of polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, or polyethylene oxide. The amount of the host polymer compound added to the electrolyte varies depending on the compatibility of both,
Usually, it is preferable to add a host polymer compound corresponding to 5% by mass to 50% by mass of the electrolytic solution.

The concentration of the lithium salt is preferably 3.0 mol / kg or less, more preferably 0.5 mol / kg or more, based on the solvent, as in the case of the electrolytic solution. However, the solvent here does not mean only a liquid solvent, but can dissociate the electrolyte salt,
This concept broadly includes those having ionic conductivity. Therefore, when a host polymer having ion conductivity is used, the host polymer is also included in the solvent.

This secondary battery can be manufactured, for example, as follows.

First, for example, a positive electrode material is prepared by mixing a positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, a conductive agent, and a binder, and this positive electrode mixture is mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or the like. To a paste-like positive electrode mixture slurry. The positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to the positive electrode current collector 21a, the solvent is dried, and then compression-molded by a roll press or the like to form the positive electrode mixture layer 21b, and the positive electrode 21 is manufactured.

Next, for example, a negative electrode mixture is prepared by mixing a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium and a binder, and this negative electrode mixture is dispersed in a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. To form a paste-like negative electrode mixture slurry.
The negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to the negative electrode current collector 22a, the solvent is dried, and then compression-molded by a roll press or the like to form the negative electrode mixture layer 22b, thereby producing the negative electrode 22.

Subsequently, the positive electrode lead 2 is connected to the positive electrode current collector 21a.
5 is attached by welding or the like.
The negative electrode lead 26 is attached to “a” by welding or the like. After that, the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 are wound via the separator 23, and the tip of the positive electrode lead 25 is welded to the safety valve mechanism 15, and the tip of the negative electrode lead 26 is welded to the battery can 11. The positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 sandwiched between the pair of insulating plates 12 and 13 are housed inside the battery can 11. After housing the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 inside the battery can 11, an electrolyte is injected into the inside of the battery can 11,
3 impregnated. After that, the battery lid 14, the safety valve mechanism 15, and the thermal resistance element 16 are fixed to the open end of the battery can 11 by caulking via the gasket 17. Thereby, the secondary battery shown in FIG. 1 is formed.

This secondary battery operates as follows.

In this secondary battery, when charged, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode mixture layer 21b, and the separator 2
First, the negative electrode mixture layer 22
The lithium contained in b is stored in a negative electrode material that can be inserted and extracted. When charging is further continued, in the state where the open circuit voltage is lower than the overcharge voltage, the charge capacity exceeds the charge capacity capacity of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, and the surface of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is charged. Lithium metal begins to precipitate. Thereafter, lithium metal continues to be deposited on the negative electrode 22 until charging is completed. As a result, the appearance of the negative electrode mixture layer 22b changes from black to golden, and further to white silver when, for example, a carbon material is used as the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium.

Next, when discharging is performed, first, the lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode 22 is eluted as ions, and the positive electrode mixture layer 21 is passed through the electrolytic solution impregnated in the separator 23.
b. When the discharge is further continued, the negative electrode mixture layer 22
The lithium ions occluded in the negative electrode material capable of occluding and releasing lithium in b are released and occluded in the positive electrode mixture layer 21b via the electrolytic solution. Therefore, in this secondary battery, the characteristics of both the conventional so-called lithium secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery, that is, high energy density and good charge / discharge cycle characteristics are obtained.

In particular, in this embodiment, since the negative electrode contains graphite and non-graphitizable carbon as the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, the change in volume during charge and discharge is small, and the negative electrode material Is improved in adhesiveness. Therefore, an increase in the internal resistance is suppressed, and the charge / discharge cycle characteristics are further improved.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the negative electrode contains graphite and non-graphitizable carbon, the adhesiveness between the negative electrode materials can be improved, and more favorable charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. Can be obtained.

In particular, when the content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is adjusted to 3% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, more excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained. .

[0067]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Further, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

(Examples 1 to 8) First, lithium carbonate (L
i ₂ CO ₃ ) and cobalt carbonate (CoCO ₃ )
₂ CO ₃ : CoCO ₃ = 0.5: 1 (molar ratio) and mixed in air at 900 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a lithium-cobalt composite oxide (LiC
oO ₂ ). Next, 91 parts by mass of the lithium-cobalt composite oxide powder and graphite 6 as a conductive agent were added.
The positive electrode mixture was prepared by mixing parts by mass with 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder. After preparing the positive electrode mixture, this positive electrode mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent to form a positive electrode mixture slurry, and the thickness was 20 μm.
Was uniformly coated on both sides of a positive electrode current collector 21a made of a strip-shaped aluminum foil, dried, and compression-molded with a roll press to form a positive electrode mixture layer 21b, thereby producing a positive electrode 21 having a thickness of 174 μm. After that, a positive electrode lead 25 made of aluminum was attached to one end of the positive electrode current collector 21a.

Further, the petroleum pitch was calcined at 1000 ° C. in an inert gas stream to obtain non-graphitizable carbon having properties close to glassy carbon. X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the obtained non-graphitizable carbon. The (002) plane spacing was 0.376 nm, and the true specific gravity was 1.58 g / cm ^3.
Met. Next, the non-graphitizable carbon is pulverized into a powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm, and then mixed with the non-graphitizable carbon powder and a granular artificial graphite powder having a (002) plane spacing of 0.3358 nm. , And a negative electrode material. At that time, the mixing ratio (% by mass) of the non-graphitizable carbon and the artificial graphite was determined in Example 1.
８8 was changed as shown in Table 1.

[0070]

[Table 1]

Subsequently, 90 parts by mass of this negative electrode material and 10 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder were mixed to prepare a negative electrode mixture, and the mixture was dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent. After being made into a slurry, the negative electrode current collector 22a made of a strip-shaped copper foil having a thickness of 10 μm is evenly applied to both surfaces and dried, and compression molded by a roll press to form a negative electrode mixture layer 22b. A 130 μm negative electrode 22 was produced. After that, a negative electrode lead 26 made of nickel was attached to one end of the negative electrode current collector 22a.

After each of the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 was prepared, a separator 23 made of a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 25 μm was prepared, and the negative electrode 22, the separator 23, the positive electrode 21, and the separator 23 were laminated in this order. The spirally wound electrode body 20 was produced by spirally winding many times.

After the wound electrode body 20 has been manufactured, the wound electrode body 20 is sandwiched between a pair of insulating plates 12 and 13, and the negative electrode lead 2 is formed.
6 was welded to the battery can 11, the positive electrode lead 25 was welded to the safety valve mechanism 15, and the spirally wound electrode body 20 was housed inside the nickel-plated iron battery can 11. After that, the electrolytic solution was injected into the battery can 11. The electrolytic solution contained 35% by mass of ethylene carbonate, 50% by mass of dimethyl carbonate, and 15% by mass of ethyl methyl carbonate.
And LiPF ₆ as an electrolyte salt in a solvent mixed with
Was dissolved in a solvent at a content of 1.2 mol / kg.

After injecting the electrolytic solution into the battery can 11, the battery lid 14 was caulked to the battery can 11 via a gasket 17 coated with asphalt on the surface, so that Examples 1 to 8 had a diameter of 14 mm and a height of 14 mm. A jelly roll type secondary battery having a thickness of 65 mm was obtained.

The obtained secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8 were subjected to a charge / discharge test, and the rated discharge capacity and the discharge capacity retention of the batteries were determined. At this time, charging was performed at a constant current of 400 mA until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V.
The test was performed at a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the total charging time reached 4 hours. The voltage between the positive electrode 21 and the negative electrode 22 immediately before the end of charging was 4.2 V, and the current value was 5 mA or less. on the other hand,
Discharging was performed at a constant current of 400 mA until the battery voltage reached 2.5 V. By the way, when charging and discharging are performed under the conditions shown here, a fully charged state and a completely discharged state are obtained. The rated discharge capacity is the discharge capacity at the second cycle, and the discharge capacity retention ratio is 20% of the discharge capacity at the second cycle.
Ratio of the discharge capacity at the 0th cycle, that is, (discharge capacity at the 200th cycle / discharge capacity at the 2nd cycle) × 100
It was calculated as Table 1 shows the obtained results.

Further, with respect to the secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 8,
Dismantle those one cycle charge and discharge was later allowed to fully charged again conducted under conditions described above, visually and ⁷ Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, examined whether lithium metal in the negative electrode mixture layer 22b is deposited Was. Further, two cycles of charge and discharge were performed under the above-described conditions, and the completely discharged battery was disassembled, and similarly, it was examined whether or not lithium metal had precipitated on the negative electrode mixture layer 22b. The results are also shown in Table 1.

As Comparative Examples 1 and 2 with respect to this embodiment, secondary batteries were manufactured in the same manner as this embodiment except that only artificial graphite or non-graphitizable carbon was used as the negative electrode material. Further, as Comparative Examples 3 and 4 with respect to the present example, the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer was increased to 180 μm, and the amount of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium was increased so that lithium metal did not precipitate during charging. Then, a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in this example. At that time, in Comparative Example 3, only artificial graphite was used as the negative electrode material, in Comparative Example 4, non-graphitizable carbon and artificial graphite were used, and the mixing ratio was the same as that in Example 4. The secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were also subjected to a charge / discharge test in the same manner as in this example, and the rated discharge capacity of the battery, the discharge capacity retention rate, and the deposition of lithium metal in the fully charged state and the completely discharged state The presence or absence was checked. Table 1 shows the obtained results.

As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the negative electrode mixture layer 2
2b, a silvery white precipitate is seen, 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy gave a peak attributed to lithium metal. That is, deposition of lithium metal was observed. In a fully charged state, By 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a peak attributed to lithium ions was also obtained, and the negative electrode mixture layer 22b
It was confirmed that lithium ions were occluded between graphite layers. On the other hand, in the completely discharged state, the negative electrode mixture layer 22b does not show black and silvery precipitates, 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy did not show any peak attributed to lithium metal. Further, the peak attributed to lithium ions was slightly recognized. That is, it was confirmed that the capacity of the negative electrode 22 was represented by the sum of the capacity component due to deposition and dissolution of lithium metal and the capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of lithium ions.

On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, in the fully charged state, no silvery white precipitate was observed, and the color was golden. By 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, no peak attributed to lithium metal was observed, and only a peak attributed to lithium ion was obtained. On the other hand, in a completely discharged state,
Black By 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, no peak attributed to lithium metal was observed, and a slight peak attributed to lithium ions was observed. That is, the capacity of the negative electrode was represented by the capacity due to insertion and extraction of lithium ions, and it was confirmed that Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were existing lithium ion secondary batteries.

As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1 to 8 containing non-graphitizable carbon and artificial graphite were Comparative Examples 1 and 2 containing no non-graphitizable carbon and Comparative Examples 2 and 3, respectively.
, A higher discharge capacity retention ratio was obtained. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, which are lithium ion secondary batteries,
In Comparative Example 3 containing no graphitizable carbon and Comparative Example 4 in which graphitizable carbon was mixed with artificial graphite, there was almost no difference in the discharge capacity retention ratio.

That is, if the negative electrode contains non-graphitizable carbon and artificial graphite, the charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be improved. In particular, the capacity of the negative electrode 22 is reduced by the capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of the light metal. It has been found that a high effect can be obtained in a secondary battery represented by the sum of a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of light metal.

Further, from the results of Examples 1 to 8, the discharge capacity retention ratio tended to increase as the content of non-graphitizable carbon increased, and tended to decrease after reaching the maximum value.
Above all, in Examples 2 to 7 in which the content of the non-graphitizable carbon was 3% by mass or more and 60% or less, the discharge capacity retention ratio was 8%.
High values of 0.2% or more were obtained. That is, it was found that a higher effect can be obtained by setting the content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material to 3% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.

Further, the rated discharge capacity tended to decrease as the mixing ratio of the non-graphitizable carbon increased, but in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, all of the rated discharge capacities were good. The result was obtained.

Note that in the above embodiment, lithium was absorbed and stored.
Although the case where a non-graphitizable carbon and graphite are mixed and used as a detachable negative electrode material has been specifically described, other negative electrode materials capable of absorbing and releasing lithium are used in addition to the non-graphitizable carbon and graphite. However, a similar result can be obtained.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and examples, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and can be variously modified. For example, in the above embodiments and examples, the case where lithium is used as the light metal has been described. However, another alkali metal such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K), or magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) is used. The present invention can also be applied to the case where an alkaline earth metal, other light metal such as aluminum (Al), lithium or an alloy thereof is used, and the same effect can be obtained. At that time, a negative electrode material, a positive electrode material, a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt or the like capable of inserting and extracting a light metal is selected according to the light metal. However, if lithium or an alloy containing lithium is used as the light metal,
It is preferable because it has high voltage compatibility with lithium ion secondary batteries currently in practical use. When an alloy containing lithium is used as the light metal, a substance capable of forming an alloy with lithium exists in the electrolyte, and an alloy may be formed at the time of deposition. Possible substances are present and may form an alloy upon precipitation.

Further, in the above embodiments and examples, the case where a gel electrolyte which is one kind of the electrolyte or the solid electrolyte is used has been described. However, another electrolyte may be used. Other electrolytes include, for example, an organic solid electrolyte in which an electrolyte salt is dispersed in a polymer compound having ion conductivity, an ion conductive ceramic,
Inorganic solid electrolytes made of ion-conductive glass or ionic crystals, or mixtures of these inorganic solid electrolytes and electrolytes, or mixtures of these inorganic solid electrolytes and gel electrolytes or organic solid electrolytes Is mentioned.

Further, in the above embodiments and examples, a cylindrical secondary battery having a wound structure has been described. However, the present invention relates to an elliptical or polygonal secondary battery having a wound structure. Alternatively, the present invention can be similarly applied to a secondary battery having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are folded or stacked. In addition, the present invention can be applied to a secondary battery such as a coin type, a button type, and a card type. Further, the invention is not limited to the secondary battery, and can be applied to a primary battery.

[0088]

As described above, according to the battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, graphite and non-graphitizable carbon are used as a negative electrode material in which the negative electrode can occlude and release light metals. , The adhesion between the negative electrode materials can be improved, and better charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.

In particular, according to the battery of the second aspect, the content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is set to 3% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less. And more excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a wound electrode body in the secondary battery shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

11 ... battery can, 12, 13 ... insulating plate, 14 ... battery lid, 1
Reference numeral 5: safety valve mechanism, 15a: disk plate, 16: thermal resistance element, 17: gasket, 20: wound electrode body, 21: positive electrode, 21a: positive electrode current collector, 21b: positive electrode mixture layer, 22:
Negative electrode, 22a: negative electrode current collector, 22b: negative electrode mixture layer, 23
... Separator, 24 ... Center pin, 25 ... Positive electrode lead, 26 ... Negative electrode lead

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Momoe Adachi 6-7-35 Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Inside Sony Corporation (72) Inventor Goro Shibamoto 6-35-35 Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo Sony Corporation F term (reference) 5H029 AJ06 AK03 AL06 AL12 AL18 AM03 AM04 AM05 AM07 BJ02 BJ27 HJ01 HJ19 5H050 AA12 BA17 CA07 CA08 CA09 CB07 CB12 HA01 HA19

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A battery provided with an electrolyte together with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the capacity of the negative electrode is represented by the sum of a capacity component due to occlusion and desorption of light metal and a capacity component due to precipitation and dissolution of light metal. A battery comprising a negative electrode containing graphite and non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting the light metal. 2. The content of the non-graphitizable carbon in the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting the light metal is as follows:
The battery according to claim 1, wherein the content is 3% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less. 3. The negative electrode as a negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting the light metal, further comprising a metal, a semiconductor, an alloy and a compound capable of forming an alloy or a compound with the light metal. The battery according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following. 4. The negative electrode comprises tin (Sn), lead (P)
b), aluminum (Al), indium (In), silicon (Si), zinc (Zn), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), gallium ( Ga), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), silver (Ag), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr) and yttrium (Y). The battery according to claim 3, wherein: 5. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the light metal includes lithium (Li).