JP2002198035A - Electrochemical cell consisting of alkali metal cell including double collector cathode structure using same active material or ion electrochemical cell in variety of mixed bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrochemical cell which consists of an alkali metal cell including a double collector cathode structure using a same active material or an ion electrochemical cell in a variety of mixed bodies. SOLUTION: The electrochemical cell is equipped with an anode, a cathode which is so structured that a cathode active material including a first mixed body and a cathode active material including a second mixed body short circuit, each of the first and second mixed bodies consisting of a cathode active material and non-active material, and electrolyte solution to activate the anode and the cathode.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. More specifically, the present invention comprises a first cathode formulation sandwiched between two current collectors, and a second cathode activation formulation in contact with opposite sides of the current collector; The present invention relates to a novel sandwich cathode design using the same as the active material of the first and second preparations. This cathode design
It is advantageous for high discharge rate applications as required by cells that power implantable medical devices.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is known that silver vanadium oxide (SVO) has a high power capable output. But SV
Without the use of conductive additives such as carbon black, graphite, etc. in the activation formulation of the O cathode,
The power output at low discharge percentages, i.e., small depth of discharge (DOD), is significantly worse than when conductive additives are present. The problem is that the conductive additives reduce the actual density of the cathode. In other words, the gram amount of the cathode active material per unit volume is lower than the gram amount of the SVO active material without the non-active carbon-containing additive.

[0003] In conventional SVO cells, the cathode active material is always mixed with a few weight percent of carbon-containing additives along with a few weight percent of binder material. According to the present invention, an SVO material without any conductive or binder additives or with a much lower proportion of additives is sandwiched between two current collectors. This assemblage is further sandwiched between two layers of SVO material formed with a binder and conductive additives at a higher percentage than in the sandwich assemblage. As a result, a lithium cell with this form of cathode will have the same or higher discharge rate capability of a conventional Li / SVO cell. At the same time, the cell of the invention is equal to the capacity of the conventional cell,
Or it exhibits a higher capacity. This is because a higher energy density is applied to the 100
% Active SVO part. Higher cathode efficiency is also achieved with this cathode design.

[0004]

Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to improve the performance of lithium electrochemical cells by providing a new concept in electrode design.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a cell design for improving the capacity and utilization efficiency of a lithium-containing cell.

[0005] These and other objects of the present invention are:
It will be more apparent to those skilled in the art by reference to the following description.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The electrochemical cell of the present invention has either primary battery characteristics or secondary recharge characteristics. For both primary and secondary types, the cell consists of an anodic active metal selected from Groups IA, IIA and IIIB of the Periodic Table of the Elements, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, and the like, and alloys thereof, and
i-Si, Li-Al, Li-B, Li-Mg and L
Includes intermetallic compounds including i-Si-B alloys and intermetallic compounds. The preferred metal comprises lithium. Another negative electrode comprises a lithium alloy, such as a lithium-aluminum alloy. The higher the weight of aluminum in the alloy, the lower the energy density of the cell.

In the case of a primary cell, the anode is a thin metal sheet of lithium material or a lithium foil, which is pressed or rolled onto an anode current collector made of metal, preferably nickel, to form a negative electrode. Form.
In a typical cell of the present invention, the negative electrode has the same material as the long tab or current collector, that is, preferably has a lead wire of nickel, and is integrally formed by welding or the like, Alternatively, it is connected to the cell / case of a conductive material of a case negative potential type by welding. Alternatively, the negative electrode is formed in some other geometric form, such as a bobbin, cylinder or pellet, allowing for an alternating low profile cell design.

In a secondary electrochemical system, the anode, the negative electrode, is preferably capable of inserting (intercalating) and removing (de-intercalating) an anode active material such as lithium alkali metal. Consists of anode material. Carbonaceous negative electrodes made of various forms of carbon (eg, coke, graphite, acetylene black, glassy carbon, etc.) that can reversibly maintain lithium species are preferably used as the anode material.
"Hairy carbon"
The material is particularly preferred because of its relatively high lithium retention capacity. "Hairy carbon (hairy ca
"rbon)" is the material disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,443,928 to Takeuchi et al., assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. Graphite is another preferred material. Regardless of the form of the carbon, fibers of carbonaceous material are particularly advantageous.
This is because they have excellent mechanical properties that can be manufactured into robust electrodes that can withstand degradation during repeated charge / discharge cycles. In addition, the large surface area of the carbon fibers allows for rapid charge / discharge rates.

A typical negative electrode for a secondary cell is about 9
Made from 0 to 97% by weight of "hairy carbon" or a mixture of about 3 to 10% by weight of graphite of binder material. The binder material is preferably a fluoroplastic such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDE), polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyamide, polyimide, and mixtures thereof. This negative electrode mixture is cast, pressed, pressed on a current collector such as nickel, stainless steel, or copper foil or screen.
It is formed by rolling or otherwise contacting.

In either the primary or secondary cell, the reaction at the positive electrode involves the transfer of ions that migrate from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in atomic or molecular form. In the case of a primary cell, the cathode reactant comprises carbonaceous chemistry, or at least a first transition metal chalcogenide component. This component may be in the matrix of a metal, metal oxide, or at least a first and second metal or oxide thereof and possibly a third metal or metal oxide, or a mixture of first and second metals or a host metal oxide. Is a mixed metal oxide composed of these metal oxides. The cathode active material also consists of metal sulfide.

The carbonaceous active material is preferably prepared from carbon and fluorine and includes graphitic and non-graphitic forms of carbon such as coke, charcoal or activated carbon. Fluorocarbons are represented by the formula (CF _x ) n, where x varies between about 0.1 and 1.9, preferably between about 0.5 and 1.2, and ₂ F) In _n , n is the number of widely varying monomer units.

The metal oxide or mixed metal oxide is formed by chemical addition or reaction, or otherwise adheres to various metal oxides, metal sulfides and / or metal elements, preferably It further comprises a second active material formed by sol-gel formation, chemical vapor deposition or hydrothermal synthesis in a mixed state during the heat treatment. The active material thus formed is IB, IIB, IIIB,
It contains metals, oxides and sulfides of groups IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIII and contains noble metals and / or
Or contains other oxide and sulfide mixtures. Preferred cathode active materials are reaction products of at least silver and vanadium.

One preferred mixed metal oxide is a transition metal oxide having the general formula SM _x V ₂ O _y where SM is IB to VIIB and VI of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
II, and in the general formula x
Is about 0.30 to 2.0 and y is about 4.5 to 6.0. Also, although not intended to be limiting, one representative cathode active material suitable for illustration is the general formula, A, in one of its many phases.
silver oxide vanadium with g _x V ₂ O _y ,
Β-phase silver oxide vanadium having the general formulas x = 0.35 and y = 5.8; γ-phase silver vanadium having the general formulas x = 0.80 and y = 5.40; x = 1.0
And ε-phase silver oxide having y = 5.5, a combination of these phases, and a mixed silver vanadium. A more detailed description of such a cathode active material reference is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,310,609 to Lian et al., Assigned to the assignee of the present invention, which is hereby incorporated by reference. .

Another preferred mixed transition metal oxide cathode material includes V ₂ O _z . Where z ≦ 5,
This material includes silver (II), silver (I), or silver (O)
Is bonded to silver oxide Ag ₂ O consisting of: and copper oxide CuO consisting of any of copper (II), copper (I) or copper (O), and is represented by the general formula: Cu _x Ag _y V ₂ O _z (CSVO) A mixed metal oxide having the following formula: Therefore, the synthetic (composite) cathode active material is metal oxide-metal oxide-
Can be described as metal oxide, metal-metal oxide-metal oxide, or metal-metal-metal oxide, and may include Cu _x Ag
range of material composition found in _y V ₂ O _z is preferably about 0.01 ≦ z ≦ 6.5. A common form of CSVO is Cu _0.16 Ag _0.67 V ₂ O _z , where z is about 5.5,
In _{Cu 0. 5 Ag 0.5 V 2 O} z, z is about 5.75. The oxygen content is represented by z, which is the exact stoichiometric ratio of oxygen in the CSVO, whether the cathodic material is prepared in an oxidizing atmosphere such as air or oxygen, or of argon, nitrogen and helium. This is because it is strongly influenced by whether the preparation is performed in such an inert atmosphere. For a more detailed description of this cathode active material, reference is made to U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,810 to Takeuchi et al. And U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,340 to Takeuchi et al., Both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Has been assigned,
Here, it is taken as a reference example.

In addition to the above-mentioned fluorocarbon, silver vanadium oxide, Ag ₂ O, Ag ₂ O ₂ , CuF ₂ , Ag ₂ Cr
O ₄ , MnO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ , TiS ₂ , Cu
₂ S, FeS, FeS ₂ , copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide,
And mixtures thereof are considered as effective active materials.

In the secondary cell, the positive electrode is preferably made of a lithium oxide material that is stable in air and can be easily handled. Examples of this type of air-stable lithium oxide cathode active material include vanadium, titanium,
Chrome, copper, molybdenum, niobium (niobium), iron,
Includes oxides, sulfides, selenides and tellurides of metals such as nickel, cobalt and manganese.
More preferred oxides include LiNiO ₂ and LiMn ₂ O
₄ , LiCoO ₂ , LiCo _0.92 Sn _0.08 O ₂ and L
iCo _1-x Ni _x O ₂ .

To charge a secondary cell of this type, lithium ions forming the positive electrode are inserted (intercalated) into the carbonaceous negative electrode by applying an externally generated potential to the cell. Is done. The applied recharging potential draws lithium ions from the cathode active material via the electrolyte, acts on the carbonaceous material of the negative electrode, and saturates the carbon. The resulting Li _x C ₆ negative electrode has an x range between 0.1 and 1.0. Here, a potential is generated in the cell and discharged by a normal method.

Another secondary cell structure consists of inserting a carbonaceous material together with an active lithium material before incorporating the negative electrode into the cell. In this case, the positive electrode body is a solid and is not limited to this, but active materials of this kind include manganese dioxide, silver vanadium oxide, titanium disulfide, copper oxide, copper sulfide, iron sulfide, and iron disulfide. Consists of iron and carbon fluoride. However, this method must compromise the problems associated with treating lithium carbon oxide outside the cell. Lithium carbon oxide tends to react when it comes into contact with air or water.

The above-described cathode active material, whether of secondary or secondary battery characteristics, is sandwiched in order to incorporate one or more of the active materials into a electrochemical cell by mixing it with a binder material. It is formed as an electrode body. Suitable binders are powdered fluoroplastics, more preferably powdered polytetrafluoroethylene or powdered polyvinylidene fluoride, and are present at about 1 to about 5% by weight of the cathode material. In addition, preferably up to about 10% by weight of a conductive diluent is added to the cathode mixture to enhance conductivity. Materials suitable for this purpose are acetylene black, carbon black and / or
Or graphite or metal powders such as powdered nickel, aluminum, titanium and stainless steel. Accordingly, a preferred cathode active mixture comprises a powdered fluoropolymer present at about 1-5% by weight, a conductive diluent present at about 1-5% by weight, and about 90-98% by weight of the cathode active material. .

According to the present invention, any of the cathode active materials described above are mixed with a binder and a conductive diluent in at least two different formulations, whether in a primary cell or a secondary cell. Next, the preparation is pressed on both sides of the current collector, respectively, so that both are in direct contact with the current collector. Preferably, the first activation formulation on the current collector side remote from the anode has a greater percentage of active material on the opposite side of the current collector than the second formulation facing the anode. . In other words, a representative first formulation having a greater percentage of active material will never face the lithium anode directly.

A preferred second formulation for mixed metal oxides such as SVO or CSVO is a formulation facing the anode, with about 94% by weight SVO and / or CSVO and 3% binder by weight. With 3% conductive diluent. Therefore, the first activation formulation that contacts the other side of the current collector has a somewhat higher percentage in SVO or CSVO.

In the case of a carbonaceous active material such as CF _x , the second activation formulation facing the anode comprises, by weight, about 91% CF _x , 5% binder and 4%
% Conductive diluent. Again, referring to the first activation formulation that is in touch with the other side of the current collector, here has a somewhat larger percentage CF _x material.

Thus, one exemplary cathode plate has an activation formulation shorted together by a parallel connection, which connection is of the following form of the cathode activation formulation: -X)% / current collector / (100-y)% /
Current collector / (100-x)%, in this case,
x and y represent the percentage of inactive material, and x is greater than y.

In another embodiment of the present invention, there is a first formulation sandwiched between a second formulation and the second formulation is in short-circuit with the first formulation by direct contact. . This cathode design has the following form of the cathode activated formulation: (100-x)% / current collector / (100-x)% /
(100-y)% / (100-x)% / current collector / (10
0-x)%, where x and y represent the percentage of non-active material, and x is greater than y.

Another exemplary cathode design has the following form of the cathode activation formulation: SVO (100-x)% / current collector / SVO (10
0-y)% / current collector / SVO (100-z)%,
In this case, x, y and z represent the percentage of inactive material, and x and z are greater than y. Another cathode design is: SVO (100-x)% / current collector / SVO (10
0-y)%, where x and y represent the percentage of inactive material, x is greater than y, and the (100-x%) activated formulation faces the anode. .

A cathode element for incorporation in an electrochemical cell according to the present invention is provided by rolling, spreading or pressing the first and second cathode activated formulations into a suitable current collector. This current collector is made of stainless steel,
It is selected from the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, platinum, gold, aluminum, cobalt / nickel alloys, highly alloyed ferritic stainless steels containing molybdenum and chromium, and nickel-, chromium- and molybdenum-containing alloys. A preferred current collector material is titanium, most preferably a titanium cathode current collector,
It has a thin layer of graphite / carbon paint. A cathode prepared as described above may be in a form operatively associated with at least one or more plates of anodic material, or a "jelly roll"
In a structure similar to that described above, the shaped strip can be wound with a strip of the corresponding anode material.

In order to avoid internal short circuit conditions, the sandwich cathode is IA, with a suitable separator material.
Separated from Group IIA or IIIB anodes. The separator is made of an electrically insulating material, and the separator material does not chemically react with the anode and cathode active materials, does not chemically react with the electrolytic solution, and is insoluble. In addition, the separator material has sufficient porosity to allow the electrolyte to pass therethrough during the electrochemical reaction of the cell. Illustrative separator materials include fabrics woven from fluoropolymer fibers. The fibers include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene, either alone or as a fluoropolymer microporous film, nonwoven glass, polypropylene ,polyethylene,
Glass fiber material, ceramics, name ZITE
X (Chemplast, Inc.) commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, designated CE
A polypropylene membrane commercially available under LGARD (Celanese Plastics, Inc.) and the name DEXIGLAS (CH De)
xter, Div. , Dexta Corporation).

The electrochemical cell of the present invention further includes a non-aqueous, ionically conductive electrolyte that acts as a medium for the transfer of ions between the anode and cathode during the electrochemical reaction of the cell. Electrochemical reactions at the electrodes involve the conversion of ions in the form of atoms or molecules that move from the anode to the cathode. Thus, a water-insoluble electrolyte suitable for the present invention is substantially inert to the anodic and cathodic materials and has the physical properties required for ion transport, namely low viscosity, low surface tension. And wettability.

A suitable electrolyte has an inorganic ionic conductive salt that is soluble in a water-insoluble solvent. Still more preferably, the electrolyte contains an ionized alkali metal salt that is soluble in a mixture of an aprotic organic solvent consisting of a low-viscosity solvent and a high (absolute) dielectric constant solvent. The inorganic ion-conducting salt acts as a mediator for anode ion transfer and intercalates or reacts with the cathode active material.
Preferably, the ion forming alkali metal salt is similar to the alkali metal forming the anode.

In the case of an anode made of lithium,
And the alkali metal salt of the electrolyte is based on lithium
Salt. Alkali metal ions from anode to cathode
Known as a vehicle for transporting
The lithium salt is LiPF₆ , LiBF_Four , LiAsF
₆ , LiSbF₆ , LiClO_Four , LiO_Two , LiAl
Cl _Four , LiGaCl_Four , LiC (SO_Two CF_Three )_Three ,
LiN (SO_Two CF_Three )_Two , LiSCN, LiO_Three SC
F_Three , LiC₆ F_Five SO_Three , LiO_Two CCF_Three , LiS
O₆ F, LiB (C₆ H_Five )_Four , LiCF_Three SO_Three And
And mixtures of these.

The low-viscosity solvents which are advantageous in the present invention include tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl acetate (MA), diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME),
1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), 1-ethoxy,
Esters, such as 2-methoxyethane (EME), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof; Ethers and cyclic ethers, and dialkyl carbonates, and propylene carbonate (P
C), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, γ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), N-methyl-pyrrolidine (NMP), And cyclic carbonates, cyclic esters, and cyclic amides, such as and mixtures thereof.
In the present invention, a preferred anode is lithium metal, and a preferred electrolyte is propylene carbonate as a preferred high dielectric constant solvent and 1,1 as a preferred low viscosity solvent.
2 from 0.8M melted in a volume ratio of 50:50 dimethoxy mixture of ethane 1.5M LiAsF ₆ or L
iPF is _6.

Typical carbon / LiCoO_Two Couple 2
The preferred electrolyte for the next cell is EC: DMC: EM
C: Consists of a solvent mixture of DEC. Of various carbonate solvents
The most preferred volume percent range is from about 20% to about
EC in the range of 50%; and in the range of about 12% to about 75%.
DMC; EMC in the range of about 5% to about 45%;
% To about 45% DEC. Preferred of the present invention
In an alternative embodiment, the electrolyte that interacts with the cell is DMC: EM
C: equivalent with respect to DEC ratio. This is consistent
Important for maintaining reliable cycle characteristics.
is there. Low potential (anode) material in charged cells
To exist in the presence of lithium oxide graphite
DMC: Unbalanced mixture of DEC (LiC₆ -0.01V
Vs. Li / Li ⁺ ) Results in the formation of significant amounts of EMC and
Is known to be. DMC, DEC and EMC
When the concentration changes, the cycle characteristics and the cell temperature rating change.
Wrong. Such unpredictability is unacceptable. This phenomenon
Was assigned to the assignee of the present invention on September 26, 2000
The details of this application are described in US patent application Ser. No. 09 / 669,936.
And is incorporated herein by reference. Departure
Electrolytes containing light carbonate mixtures are below -50 ° C
Lithium having a freezing point and working with such a mixture
-The ion secondary cell is very good at temperatures below -40 ° C.
Not only show improved discharge characteristics and charge / discharge cycle characteristics
It shows very excellent cycle characteristics even at room temperature.

The assembly of the primary and secondary batteries described here is preferably in the form of a wound element structure. That is, the manufactured negative electrode, positive electrode and separator are wound together in a “jelly roll” type shape, or the negative electrode is outside the roll, and the cell case and electric A "wound element cell laminate" that comes into contact with each other. Using the appropriate top and bottom insulators, the wound cell stack is inserted into an appropriately sized metal case. The metal case may be, but is not limited to, stainless steel, mild steel, nickel-plated mild steel, as long as the metallic material does not create a problem with the cell element.
Materials such as titanium, tantalum or aluminum can be employed.

The cell header consists of a metal disc-shaped body and has a first hole for receiving a glass-to-metal seal / terminal pin feedthrough and a second hole for filling with electrolyte. The glass used is CABAL 12, TA 23, FUSITE 4
It is of the corrosion resistant type with up to about 50% by weight of silicon, such as 25 or FUSITE 435.
The positive terminal pin feedthrough is preferably made of titanium, but molybdenum, nickel alloy, or stainless steel can also be used. The cell header is generally the same as the case material. The positive terminal pins supported within the glass-to-metal seal are then supported on a header welded to the case containing the electrode layers. The cell is then filled with the electrolyte described above, and the filling hole is hermetically sealed, for example by close welding of a stainless steel ball.

The above assembly describes a case negative potential cell which is a preferred structure of a typical primary or secondary cell of the present invention. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the representative primary and secondary electrochemical systems of the present invention can be configured in a case positive potential configuration.

Various modifications to the inventive concept described above will also be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It can be understood.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) H01M 10/40 H01M 10/40 Z (72) Inventor Esther S., Takeuchi United States, 14051, New York 14051, East Amherst, Saint-Raphael Court 38 F Term (Reference) 5H017 AA03 EE01 EE04 EE05 EE06 5H029 AJ02 AJ05 AK02 AK03 AK05 AK18 AL06 AL07 AL08 AM02 AM03 AM04 AM05 AM07 DJ07 DJ08 EJ01 EJ04 EJ12 HJ02 HJ10 CA07A07CA7A07CA CB08 CB09 DA02 DA04 DA06 DA08 DA10 DA11 EA02 EA03 EA08 EA09 EA10 EA24 HA02 HA10

Claims (42)

[Claims] A) an anode; and b) a cathode configured to short-circuit a cathode active material including a first formulation with a cathode active material including a second formulation, wherein the first and second cathode active materials include a first formulation. An electrochemical cell, wherein the preparation comprises a cathode comprising a cathode active material and a non-active material; c) an anode and an electrolyte activating the cathode. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cathode active material is SVO, CSVO,
V ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ , LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , L
iMnO ₂ , CuO ₂ , TiS ₂ , Cu ₂ S, FeS,
FeS ₂ , copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide, CF _x , Ag _{2
O, Ag 2 O 2, CuF} , Ag 2 CrO 4 and electrochemical cell according to claim 1, characterized in that it is selected from the group consisting of mixtures. 3. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the inactive material is selected from a binder material and a conductive additive. 4. The electrochemical cell according to claim 3, wherein the binder substance is a fluororesin powder. 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the conductive additive is selected from carbon, graphite powder, acetylene black, titanium powder, aluminum powder, nickel powder, stainless steel powder and a mixture thereof. Electrochemical cell. 6. The cathode, as a cathode activation composition, a cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-z) )% Structure, where x,
y and z represent the percentage of inactive material, and x
The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein and z are greater than y. 7. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cathode is a cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-x). )% Structure, where x and y represent the percentage of inactive material and x is y
The electrochemical cell of claim 1, wherein the cell is larger than 8. The cathode, as a cathode activation composition, a cathode active material (100-v)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-w)% / cathode active material (100-v).
y)% / cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-z)%, where v, w, x, y and z are non-active materials 2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the cell represents a percentage and v, w, x and z are greater than y. 9. The cathode, as a cathode activation formulation, has a structure of cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)%, wherein x and y represents the percentage of inactive material;
x is greater than y and the cathode active material (10
2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein 0-x)% faces the anode. 10. The cathode is SVO (94% cathode active material) / current collector / SV as a cathode activation formulation.
O (100% cathode active material) / current collector / SVO (94
The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, having a structure of (% cathode active material). 11. The cathode may comprise SVO (94% cathode active material) / current collector / SV as a cathode activation formulation.
A structure having a structure of O (94% cathode active material) / SVO (100% cathode active material) / SVO (94% cathode active material) / current collector / SVO (94% cathode active material). 2. The electrochemical cell according to 1. 12. The anode is lithium, and the cathode has a structure of SVO (94% cathode active material) / current collector / SVO (100% cathode active material) as a cathode activation preparation, wherein SVO ( 2. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the (94% cathode active material) faces the lithium anode. 13. The electrochemical cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrochemical cell has one of a primary electrochemical reaction and a secondary electrochemical reaction. 14. a) an anode; and b) a first active material of the first composition sandwiched between first and second current collectors; and a first active material on the opposite side of the first active material of the first composition. And at least one of the second current collectors,
A cathode comprising a cathode active material of a second formulation facing the anode, wherein the first and second formulations comprise a cathode active material and a non-active material; c) the anode And an electrolyte for activating the cathode. 15. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein the inactive material is selected from a binder material and a conductive additive. 16. The method according to claim 16, wherein the anode is lithium, the second formulation comprises SVO in a second percentage, expressed as (100-x)%, and the first formulation comprises (100-y)%.
Wherein SVO comprises SVO in the first percentage, wherein x and y represent the percentage of inactive material, x is greater than y, and the first and second current collectors are titanium. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein: 17. The cathode, wherein the cathode activation formulation is SVO (100-x)% / first current collector / SVO
(100-y)% / second current collector / SVO (100-x)
15. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, having a% structure, wherein x and y represent the percentage of inactive material, and x is greater than y. 18. The cathode, wherein the cathode activation formulation is SVO (100-x)% / first current collector / SVO
(100-y)% / second current collector / SVO (100-z)
The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, having a% structure, wherein x, y, and z represent the percentage of inactive material, and x and z are greater than y. 19. The method according to claim 19, wherein the cathode is LiCoO ₂ (100-x)% / first current collector / L as a cathode activation preparation.
iCoO ₂ (100-y)% / second current collector / LiCoO
_{2. The} composition of claim 1, wherein the composition has a (100-z)% structure, wherein x, y, and z represent the percentage of inactive material, and x and z are greater than y.
5. The electrochemical cell according to 4. 20. The cathode active material is SVO, CSV
O, V ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ , LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO
₂ , LiMnO ₂ , CuO ₂ , TiS ₂ , Cu ₂ S, F
eS, FeS ₂ , copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide, CF _x ,
_{Ag 2 O, Ag 2 O 2} , CuF, Ag 2 CrO 4 and electrochemical cell according to claim 14, characterized in that the mixtures thereof, et al made a group. 21. The first and second current collectors are made of stainless steel, titanium, tantalum, platinum, gold, aluminum, cobalt / nickel alloy, highly alloyed ferritic stainless steel including molybdenum and chromium, and Selected from the group consisting of nickel-chromium and molybdenum-containing alloys. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein: 22. The first and second current collectors are titanium having a coating selected from the group consisting of a graphite / carbon material, iridium, iridium oxide, and platinum provided thereon. An electrochemical cell according to claim 14. 23. The electrolyte has non-aqueous chemical properties, and a first solvent selected from esters, linear ethers, cyclic ethers, dialkyl carbonates, and mixtures thereof;
15. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, comprising a second solvent selected from cyclic carbonates, cyclic esters, cyclic amides, and mixtures thereof. 24. A method according to claim 24, wherein the first solvent is tetrahydrofuran (THF), methyl acetate (MA), diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, dimethyl carbonate (DMC),
1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), 1-ethoxy, 2-methoxyethane (EME), ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate , Diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and mixtures thereof, and the second solvent is propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl carbonate. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the amide is selected from the group consisting of formamide, dimethylacetamide, γ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone (GBL), N-methyl-pyrrrolidine (NMP), and mixtures thereof.
An electrochemical cell according to claim 1. 25. LiPF₆ , LiBF_Four , LiAsF
₆ , LiSbF₆ , LiClO_Four , LiO_Two , LiAl
Cl_Four , LiGaCl_Four , LiC (SO_Two CF_Three)_Three ,
LiN (SO_Two CF_Three )_Two , LiSCN, LiO_Three SC
F_Three , LiC₆ F _Five SO_Three , LiO_Two CCF_Three , LiS
O₆ F, LiB (C₆ H_Five )_Four , LiCF _Three SO_Three ,
And resources selected from the group consisting of these compounds.
15. The electrode according to claim 14, comprising a lithium salt.
Chemochemical cell. 26. An electrolyte comprising: 0.8M to 1.5M LiAsF ₆ or LiPF ₆ dissolved in a 50:50 by volume mixture of propylene carbonate as a first solvent.
The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, wherein the second solvent is 1,2-dimethoxyethane. 27. The electrochemical cell according to claim 14, having one of a first or a second chemical property. 28. a) an anode; and b) a cathode comprising a cathode active material in the first and second formulations, wherein the first and second formulations comprise a cathode active material and a non-active material; A first formulation having first and second major sides spaced from each other, at least one current collector in contact with at least one of the first and second major surfaces, and a second formulation; Contacts at least one current collector on the opposite side of the first formulation,
An electrochemical cell comprising: a cathode configured to face the anode; and c) an electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode. 29. The electrochemical cell according to claim 28, wherein the inactive material is selected from a binder material and a conductive additive. 30. An anode comprising lithium and a cathode comprising SVO (100-100) as a cathode activation formulation.
x)% / current collector / SVO (100-y)%, wherein x and y represent inactive materials;
29. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein x is larger than y.
An electrochemical cell according to claim 1. 31. The anode is lithium and the cathode is CFx (100-
x)% / current collector / CFx (100-y)%, with CFx (100-x)% facing the anode, where x and y represent the inactive material and x
29. The electrochemical cell of claim 28, wherein is greater than y. 32. The cathode-activated rigid body comprises SVO, C
SVO, V_Two O_Five , MnO_Two , LiCoO_Two , LiNi
O_Two , LiMnO_Two , CuO_Two , TiS_Two , Cu _Two S,
FeS, FeS_Two , Copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide, CF
_x , Ag_Two O, Ag _Two O_Two , CuF, Ag_Two CrO_Four You
Selected from the group consisting of
29. The electrochemical cell according to claim 28, wherein: 33) a) a lithium anode; b) SVO, CSVO, V ₂ O ₅ , MnO ₂ , LiCo
O ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiMnO ₂ , CuO ₂ , TiS
₂ , Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeS ₂ , copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide, CF _x , Ag ₂ O, Ag ₂ O ₂ , CuF, Ag
A cathode active material selected from the group consisting of ₂ CrO ₄ and mixtures thereof, and a first formulation sandwiched between first and second titanium current collectors, wherein the cathode active material of the second formulation is Contacting at least one of the first and second current collectors on the opposite side of the cathode active material of the first formulation;
A cathode wherein the first and second formulations comprise a cathode active material and a non-active material; c) an anode and a non-aqueous electrolyte activating the cathode;
An electrochemical cell comprising: 34. a) providing an anode; b) providing a cathode wherein the cathode active material of the first formulation is short-circuited with the cathode active material of the second formulation, wherein the first comprises: Providing a cathode wherein the formulation has less cathode active material than the second formulation and wherein the first and second formulations comprise a cathode active material and a non-active material; and c) providing an anode and a cathode. And activating the electrolyte. A method for producing an electrochemical cell comprising: 35. SVO, CSVO, V ₂ O ₅ , MnO
₂ , LiCoO ₂ , LiNiO ₂ , LiMnO ₂ , Cu
O ₂ , TiS ₂ , Cu ₂ S, FeS, FeS ₂ , copper oxide, copper vanadium oxide, CF _x , Ag ₂ O, Ag ₂ O
_2, CuF, Ag ₂ CrO ₄ and method according to claim 34, characterized in that the mixtures thereof, et al made a group comprising the step of selecting a cathode active material. 36. The method according to claim 3, further comprising the step of selecting the inactive material from a binder material and a conductive additive.
4. The method according to 4. 37. As a cathode activation preparation, a cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-x)
x) having a structure of%, wherein x and y represent the percentage of inactive material, and comprising the step of providing a cathode configured such that x is greater than y. 35. The method according to claim 34. 38. As a cathode activation preparation, a cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-x)
z)%, where x, y and z
35. The method of claim 34, wherein represents a percentage of inactive material and comprising providing a cathode configured such that x and z are greater than y. 39. The cathode activation preparation has a structure of cathode active material (100-x)% / current collector / cathode active material (100-y)% /, wherein x
And y represent the percentage of inactive material;
x is greater than y and the cathode active material (10
35. The method of claim 34, comprising providing a cathode wherein 0-x)% faces the anode. 40. The cathode activation formulation comprising SVO (1
00-x)% / current collector / SVO (100-y)% / current collector / SVO (100-z)%, where x and y represent the percentage of inactive material; 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising providing a cathode configured so that x and z are greater than y.
The method described in. 41. SVO as a cathode activation formulation
It has a structure of (100-x)% / current collector / SVO (100-y)% and SVO (100-x)% facing the anode, where x and y are the percentage of inactive material 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising providing a cathode configured so that x is greater than y. 42. CFx as a cathode activation formulation
(100-x)% / current collector / CFx (100-y)% /
Current collector / CFx (100-z)% structure, where x, y and z represent the percentage of inactive material and where x and z are greater than y 35. The method of claim 34, comprising providing a structured cathode.