JP2002142585A - Method for cultivating plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating plants by which the occurrence of tip burn is eliminated and vegetables can be raised as those having excellent quality without lowering the growth rate of the vegetables when hydroponics of the leaf vegetables are carried out in a hermetically closed room. SOLUTION: Plural chevron-shaped panels 3 prepared by joining the tops of two panels 3 and 3 and having many holes for protruding roots of the plants 2 to the lower parts of the panels 3 and 3 and supporting the plants 2 are installed side by side in the hermetically closed room 1 provided with an air conditioning means capable of regulating temperature and humidity to prescribed values and illuminators 6 for irradiating the plants 2 with light at 15-30 klx illuminance and a culture solution, etc. are fed from the lower part of the chevron-shaped panels 3 to the roots of the plants 2 supported with the chevron- shaped panels 3. Air is made to flow in the longitudinal direction of spaces among the mutual adjacent chevron-shaped panels 3 at 0.8-1.4 m/s velocity.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method, and more particularly, to growing and cultivating leafy vegetables such as salad vegetables, leaf lettuce and spring chrysanthemum in a closed room where the environment is controlled.
The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method capable of hydroponics by suppressing the occurrence of a chip burn phenomenon in which a vegetable tip darkens and nutrient components fall off.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An example of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the prior art is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-65129. This is, as shown in FIG.
The roots of the plant 2 protrude below the panel, and a plurality of rows of mountain-shaped panels 3 having a large number of holes for supporting the plant 2 are arranged therein. It circulates through the intake cultivation room 1 and irradiates the plants with light from a lighting device, and sprays a nutrient solution on the roots to grow the plants.

[0003]

In the conventional hydroponic cultivation method as described above, leaf vegetables are highly intensively produced by utilizing the outside air or by supplying air under certain conditions, and the growth rate thereof is increased. As a result, there is a problem that a chip burn (edge rot) phenomenon, which is one of the physiological disorders (calcium deficiency) of plants, tends to occur, and other qualities are not stable. Therefore, in order to avoid this problem, it is possible to eliminate the calcium deficiency in the plant tissue by lowering the growth rate and delay the chip burn time.However, in this method, the leaves are grown in a closed room where the environment is controlled. It is not possible to take advantage of the great advantage of growing vegetable vegetables in a short period of time.

In view of such circumstances, the present invention comprehensively controls the temperature, humidity, supply amount of carbon dioxide gas, and irradiation amount of light per day as plant growth environment factors to control the growth rate. An object of the present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method capable of suppressing the occurrence of chip burn while maintaining a quick state, and hydroponically cultivating vegetables having excellent quality.

[0005]

That is, the plant cultivation method of the present invention which achieves the above object comprises an air conditioner for adjusting the temperature and humidity to predetermined values, and an illuminance of 15 klx to 3 km for the plants.
A panel having a large number of holes for supporting the plant by projecting the roots of the plant downward in a closed room provided with a lighting device for irradiating 0 klx light, and the plant supported by the panel from below the panel The method is characterized in that a nutrient solution or the like is supplied to the roots of the plant and air in the closed chamber is caused to flow at a speed of 0.8 m to 1.4 m / sec. An air conditioner for adjusting the temperature and humidity to predetermined values, and an illuminance of 15 klx to 30 k for the plants.
in a sealed room equipped with a lighting device for irradiating 1x light.
A plurality of rows of angled panels having a large number of holes for supporting the plants were arranged side by side by aligning the upper ends of the panels and projecting the roots of the plants below the panels, and the panels were supported by the panels from below the angled panels. A nutrient solution or the like is supplied to the roots of the plant, and air is caused to flow at a speed of 0.8 m to 1.4 m / sec along the longitudinal direction of the space between adjacent ones of the chevron panels.

[0006] By adopting such a structure, the number of vegetable lines which cause chip burn can be suppressed to 5% or less of the whole, and excellent quality which can maintain the freshness of vegetables after harvesting for a long time. Can be bred as At that time, when the irradiation amount of light per day is set at 20 klx for about 16 hours, and the air adjusted to a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a relative humidity of about 70% is caused to flow at a speed of about 1 m / sec, chip burn The occurrence is completely eliminated, and scars on the leaf surface caused by rubbing of the leaves under the influence of wind can be almost eliminated. Furthermore, after harvesting, the freshness can be maintained for a long time, and the vegetables can be harvested as a more excellent vegetable in terms of quality.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a cultivation facility using the plant cultivation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a hydroponic cultivation facility according to the plant cultivation method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional hydroponic cultivation facility. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the cultivation room 1, a mountain shape having a large number of holes for supporting the plant 2 by combining the upper ends of two panels and projecting the root of the plant 2 below the panel. The panels 3 are arranged in a plurality of rows, and both ends are connected to the side wall 1a.

An exhaust duct 5 is attached to the central ceiling between the adjacent chevron panels 3, 3, and lighting fixtures 6 are arranged below the exhaust duct 5 at substantially equal intervals in the row direction of the chevron panels 3. Has been established. Here, the material of the chevron panel 3 may be styrofoam, stainless steel, reinforced plastic, ceramics, or the like, and its inclination angle is 40 to 70 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane, preferably 60, from both the cultivation efficiency and irradiation efficiency. It should be a degree.

On the other hand, the luminaire 6 includes a lamp 6a such as a sodium lamp or a mercury lamp and a cover 6b, and an exhaust port 7 communicating with the exhaust duct 5 is formed between the lamp 6a and the cover 6b. Here, the cover 6b
Is for preventing the diffusion of the irradiation heat of the lamp 6a, so that a transparent one may be used. In addition, the exhaust duct 5 communicates with a duct 8 outside the cultivation room 1, and the duct 8 communicates with the air provided on the side wall 1 a of the cultivation room 1 via an air conditioner 12 capable of controlling temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and the like. Inlet 1
Connected to 0. With the air conditioning means of such a structure,
The air whose temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide have been adjusted can always be circulated to the cultivation room 1. At this time, if a plurality of blowing ports 10 are provided for each row of the chevron panels 3 as shown in the figure, the regulated air is evenly distributed into the cultivation room 1 and the variation in plant growth depending on the planting place. Is good because it is gone. The air supplied from the air inlet 10 into the cultivation room 1 flows through the space of the adjacent chevron panels 3 and 3 at a predetermined speed by the blower fan 4 installed on the side wall 1a and is sent to the outlet 7 to be repeatedly air-conditioned. It is circulated in the cultivation room 1 via the equipment 12.

On the other hand, a nutrient solution spray mechanism 11 for supplying nutrient solution and the like to the roots of the plant 2 is provided below the chevron panel 3. The nutrient solution spray mechanism 11 is connected to a nutrient solution storage tank (not shown) or a nutrient solution pump for pumping by a PVC pipe. As such a nutrient solution spraying mechanism 11,
A fixed type that is arranged in the row direction of the chevron panel 3 or a mobile type that sprays a nutrient solution while moving in the row direction can be adopted.

Next, using the above-mentioned cultivation facility of the present invention, conditions such as illuminance, temperature, humidity, etc. are set to normal values, and only the wind speed in the cultivation room 1 is changed to grow salad vegetables. The test result which compared the generation state of the generated chip burn is shown. That is, the cultivation conditions were illuminance of 20 klx, 16 hours / day, the temperature was adjusted to 20 to 25 ° C., which was commonly used for plant cultivation in a closed room, the relative humidity was adjusted to about 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was adjusted to about 1500 ppm. Cultivation room 1
Supply within. The air supplied into the cultivation room 1 is controlled by controlling the number of rotations of the blades of the blower fan 4 to change the flow speed (wind speed) of the air between the panels 3 to cultivate plants and grow salad vegetables. The occurrence of later chip burn and other quality measurement items were checked and compared.
The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0012]

[Table 1]

[0013] As shown in Table 1, when the salad greens were grown under the above cultivation conditions while maintaining the wind speed at about 1 m / sec, no chip burn occurred, no leaf damage was caused, and no harvest was caused. The result was that a salad vegetable that could keep the freshness of water for a long time was obtained. If the wind speed is higher than 1.4 m / s at this time, the occurrence of chip burn is suppressed, but the occurrence of leaf scars during growth increases to 5% or more, and the commercial value (quality) is lost. It is understood that it is better. Further, when the wind speed is set to 0.8 m / sec or less, the occurrence of chip burn becomes 5% or more of the total number of shares, and the overall evaluation for determining the commercial value is lowered. In addition, the wind speed in the plant cultivation method of the present invention refers to the flow velocity of air at a position about 50 mm away from the surface of a leaf of a plant (leaves of salad in this embodiment) or a measured value thereof. The illuminance in the plant cultivation method of the present invention is a measured value on the surface of the panel.

[0014]

As described above in detail with the embodiments, according to the plant cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to produce vegetables that suppress the occurrence of chip burn without slowing the normal plant growth rate in a closed room. Obtainable. In addition, since it can be harvested as a high-quality growing vegetable that can maintain the freshness for a long time without causing leaf scars at that time, it can be marketed as having high commercial value.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view showing one embodiment of a hydroponic cultivation facility used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a main part of one embodiment of a hydroponic cultivation facility used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of a conventional closed indoor hydroponic cultivation facility.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plant cultivation room 1a Side wall 2 Plant 3 Yamagata panel 4 Ventilation fan 5 Exhaust duct 6 Lighting fixture 6a Lamp 6b Cover 7 Exhaust port 8 Duct 9 Auxiliary fan for air circulation 9 'Exhaust fan 10 Inlet 10' External air intake 11 Nutrition Liquid spraying mechanism 12 Air conditioning equipment

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 2B022 AA01 AB11 BA21 BA22 BB02 DA01 DA17 DA19 DA20 2B027 ND01 ND15 UB03 UB10 UB21 UB24 UB26 UB30 2B314 MA09 MA38 MA39 MA40 MA42 NA18 NA31 NC02 NC44 PB20 PB49 PD57 PD66 PD59

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method in which a root of a plant is projected downward into a closed room provided with an air conditioner for adjusting temperature and humidity to predetermined values and a lighting fixture for irradiating the plant with light having an illuminance of 15 klx to 30 klx. A panel having a large number of holes for supporting the plant is provided, a nutrient solution and the like are supplied from below the panel to the roots of the plant supported by the panel, and the air in the closed chamber is 0.8 m.
A plant cultivation method characterized by fluidizing at a speed of ~ 1.4 m / sec. 2. The upper ends of two panels are fitted in a closed room provided with an air conditioner for adjusting the temperature and humidity to predetermined values and a lighting device for irradiating plants with light having an illuminance of 15 klx to 30 klx. A plurality of rows of mountain-shaped panels having a large number of holes for supporting the plant by projecting the roots of the plant below the panel are arranged in parallel, and nutrients and the like are supplied from below the mountain-shaped panel to the roots of the plants supported by the panel. Along with the longitudinal direction of the space between adjacent ones of the chevron panels,
A plant cultivation method characterized by flowing at a speed of 1.4 m / sec. 3. The amount of light irradiation per day is 1 at 20 klx.
6 hours, temperature 20-25 ° C, relative humidity 7
3. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the air adjusted to about 0% is caused to flow at a speed of 1 m / sec.