JP2001504171A - Paper web having a relatively thin continuous network area and a segmented relatively thick area in the plane of the continuous network area - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY A paper web and a method of making the paper web are disclosed. In some embodiments, the paper web includes a relatively thin continuous region and a plurality of relatively thick split regions. The relatively thick region is located in the plane of the relatively thin region. The paper web can have a textured surface and a smooth surface. The paper structure can be dried relatively quickly and efficiently, and can provide high absorbency and density while having a relatively smooth surface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION   A relatively thin continuous network region and             Paper web having a relatively thick area that is severed                                Field of the invention   The present invention relates to paper structures, and more specifically, has both bulk and smoothness Manufacture tissue paper web and the tissue paper web About the method.                                Background of the Invention   Paper such as toilet tissue, paper towels and decorative paper -Structures are widely used in homes and factories. Such tissue products Many attempts have been made to make it more preferred by consumers.   One approach to providing consumers with tissue products that are bulky and flexible is U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,771 issued to Morgan et al. (November 30, 1976), which is hereby incorporated by reference. (Included herein). In addition, improvement of bulk and flexibility No. 4,191,609 issued to Trokhan (March 4, 1980), which is hereby incorporated by reference. Symmetrically arranged in a zigzag pattern as shown in Provided by compressed and uncompressed zones.   Another approach to making more consumer-friendly tissue products is paper construction And apply greater bulk, tensile strength, and burst strength to the tissue product. To give. An example of a paper structure made in this manner is described in U.S. Pat. No. 37859 to Trokhan (issued January 20, 1987), which is hereby incorporated by reference. ). U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,859 (see for reference) Included herein) are separately separated, distributed throughout a continuous network A domed ridge is shown. This continuous network provides strength, while A relatively thick dome can provide flexibility and absorbency.   One of the disadvantages of this papermaking method disclosed in U.S. Pat. Drying such webs is relatively energy intensive and expensive, and is typically air dried. Requires the use of drying equipment. Further disclosed in U.S. Pat. In the papermaking process, the speed at which the web is finally dried on a Yankee dryer drum The degree is limited. This restriction, at least in part, causes the web to be This is probably due to the pattern imparted to the web prior to transfer to. In particular, U.S. Patent No. The separately spaced domes described in 4637859 are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Does not dry effectively on a Yankee surface like the continuous network described in the book there is a possibility. Therefore, for a given concentration level and basis weight, Yankee -The speed at which the drum operates is limited.   The following publications show yet another papermaking method (these documents are incorporated by reference): WO95 / 17548 (Ampulski et al., Published June 29, 1995 (US priority)). WO96 / 00812 (Trokhan et al., Published January 11, 1996) (US priority date 1). WO96 / 00814 (Phan, published January 11, 1996) (priority date: June 2, 1994) U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,509 issued to Trokhan et al., Sep. 17, 1996; U.S. Patent No. 5,549,790 (Phan, issued August 27, 1996).   U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,432,6000, 4,037,237 and 3,903,342 are Describes a sheet material containing an elastomeric binder that bonds the sheet surfaces together in a pattern are doing. Such methods have the disadvantage that the application of the binder is relatively expensive and that The disadvantage is that it is difficult to control the production speed by applying the mixture. Have. In addition, elastomeric binders can reduce web absorbency is there.   Compress the web with one or more press felts in the press nip Normal tissue paper produced by the process can be manufactured at relatively high speeds. You. This normal compressed paper is dried once, then embossed and woven. The pattern can be patterned to increase the macro caliper of the web. example For example, after drying the tissue paper product, It is common to apply a pattern by embossing.   However, embossing typically sacrifices other properties of the paper structure To give the structure a particular aesthetic appearance. In particular, for dry paper webs Embossing breaks the interfiber bonds in the cellulosic structure. This destruction occurs when the bond Occurs as the initial fibrous slurry is formed and proceeds during drying. Paper structure After drying, the paper structure is embossed and the surface of the paper structure is By moving the fiber at right angles to it, the bond between the fiber and the fiber is broken You. Breaking the bond reduces the tensile strength of the dried paper web. further Embossing typically involves removing the dry paper web from the drying drum. Performed after rape processing. Embossing after creping is applied to the web. The resulting creped pattern will be destroyed. For example, embossing By compressing or stretching the texture, some parts of the web Remove the creped pattern in minutes. Crepe pattern is softness of dry web Such results are undesirable because they improve flexibility and flexibility.   Researchers and technicians in the papermaking field need a flexible, tough, We continue to look for improvements in the production of tissue paper with good yield.   Accordingly, one object of the present invention is to provide relatively low energy and cost. Relatively quick drying paper webs and paper webs with multiple areas It is to provide a manufacturing method.   Another object of the present invention is to provide an existing paper machine (with normal or through-drying performance). For producing a multi-region paper that can be formed on the paper machine without substantially modifying the paper machine It is to provide.   Still another object of the present invention is to provide one or two of thickness, height, density and basis weight. It has at least two different non-embossed areas that can be distinguished by the above characteristics. Paper web and a method of manufacturing the same.   Another object is to provide a web with a relatively patterned surface and a relatively smooth opposite surface. The bulk caliper, density and absorption capacity are increased, thereby consuming paper products Paper web and its manufacturing method that provide both bulk and softness characteristics preferred by the elderly Is to provide the law.   Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a binder (e.g. Paper web substantially free from binders) and a method for producing the same. That is.Summary of the Invention   The present invention is directed to a wet paper web having first and second sides facing in opposite directions. Including The paper has a relatively thin area and a relatively thick area, The relatively thick region is located in the plane of the relatively thin region. Relatively thick areas The ratio of the thickness P to the thickness K of the relatively thin region will be at least about 1.5.   In one embodiment, the paper web is a relatively thin continuous network. Network area, which is relatively dense and, furthermore, Having a plurality of relatively thick, separately separated dividing regions. This separately The segmented area is located in the plane of the continuous network area, and Will have a lower density than the density of the zone. In some embodiments, a relatively thick split Each of the zones will surround at least one segmented dense area.   The paper web is about 7 to about 70 grams / m^TwoBasis weight of at least about A macro caliper of 0.1 mm, more preferably at least about 0.2 mm, and And about 0.12 g / cm^ThreeWill have a density equal to or less than. The paper web also has an absorption capacity of at least about 20 grams / gram. Will be. The paper web also has at least about 20 grams / gram of absorbent. Will have capacity.   The paper web has a size greater than about 1.15, more preferably about 1.20. Greater, more preferably greater than about 1.25, and even more preferably about 1.3. It will have a surface smoothness ratio greater than 0, most preferably greater than about 1.40 U. One side of the web has a surface flatness of less than about 900, more preferably less than about 850. Will have a slip value. The opposite side of the web has at least about 900, and more Preferably it will have a surface smoothness of at least about 1000. Area thickness, Measurement of web macro caliper, web basis weight, web density and surface smoothness The setting method is described below.                                Description of the drawings   This specification is set forth in the claims which particularly point out and distinctly claim the invention. On the other hand, the present invention is not limited to the following accompanying drawings (in which the same components are the same). (Referred to as one citation number) together with U.   FIG. 1 is a plan view of a first surface of a paper structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. You. The paper structure comprises a first relatively thin continuous network area and the Has multiple, relatively thick, fragmented regions distributed throughout a continuous network region You.   FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the paper structure of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 2 shows a relatively thick split area distributed in the plane of the network area.   FIG. 3 is a micrograph of a cross-sectional view of a paper structure of the type shown in FIGS. It is.   FIG. 4 is a photograph of a first side of a paper structure of the type shown in FIGS. is there.   FIG. 5 is a photograph of a second side of a paper structure of the type shown in FIGS. You.   FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a conventional type of paper disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,637,659. It is.   FIG. 7A shows a paper web of the type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,659. It is a microscope picture of a sectional view.   FIG. 7B shows a paper web of the type shown in US Pat. No. 4,637,659. It is a top view of one surface.   FIG. 7C is a plan view of the other side of the paper web of FIG. 7B.   FIG. 8A illustrates a process for producing a paper web of the type shown in FIGS. It is a top view of the apparatus used. The dewatering felt layer and the dewatering felt Includes a web-type patterning layer combined with a default layer, and a continuous network web And has a tip end surface that comes into contact with.   FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 8A taken along line 8B of FIG. 8A.   FIG. 8C shows a web patterning including a dewatered felt layer and a split web contact surface. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a device having layers.   FIG. 9A is a diagram of a paper web making paper machine having the apparatus of FIGS. 8A and 8B. You.   FIG. 9B illustrates a paper having a first surface consistent with the device and a substantially smooth second surface. Paper web transferred to the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 to form a paper web. FIG.   FIG. 9C shows a pattern applied to the first side of the paper web, and Vacuum compression rolls and yarns to adhere the second side of the paper web to the dryer 8B, the paper being conveyed to and from the ink dryer drum It is a diagram of a web.   FIG. 9D is a cross-sectional view of a two-layer tissue having two webs of the type shown in FIG. The outward facing web has a relatively smooth second surface.   FIG. 10 shows a paper web manufactured according to another embodiment of the present invention. In a cross-sectional view of the unit, a relatively thick cut-off distributed in the plane of the continuous network area Separated areas, each separated area being one or more separately separated high areas. Surrounds the density region.   FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph of a cross section of a paper structure of the type shown in FIG. .   FIG. 12 is a photograph of a first side of a paper structure of the type shown in FIG.   FIG. 13 is a photograph of a second side of a paper structure of the type shown in FIG.   FIG. 14A shows an apparatus used in the manufacture of a paper web of the type shown in FIG. FIG. The device combines with a porous component composed of woven filaments Having a web-type pattern addition layer.   FIG. 14B is a cross-sectional view of the device of FIG.   FIG. 15A produces a paper web using the apparatus of FIGS. 14A and 14B. 1 is a diagram of a paper machine.   FIG. 15B has a first surface consistent with the device and a substantially smooth second surface Paper transferred to the apparatus shown in FIG. 14B to form a paper web -It is a figure which shows a web.   FIG. 15C shows a pattern applied to the first side of the paper web, A compression roll and a yan to adhere the second side of the paper web to the dryer Ki -Paper transported between the dryer drum and the apparatus shown in FIG. 14B -It is a figure of a web.   FIG. 16 shows a paper web manufactured according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. The web has a multilayer fiber layer including a debonding layer.                             Detailed description of the invention   FIGS. 1 and 2 show a paper paper manufactured according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3 to 5 show a web 20 and a paper of the type shown in FIGS. It is a photograph of a structure. For comparison, FIGS. 6 and 7A-C show U.S. Pat. 1 illustrates a paper web of the type disclosed in 37859.   Paper webs made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention are relatively thin. Region and a relatively thick region, the relatively thick region being the relatively thin region. Are distributed in the plane. The paper web is allowed to stand in a moist condition, Not qualitatively dry embossed. Referring to FIGS. 1-5, paper Web 20 has first and second faces 22 and 24, respectively, which face in opposite directions. You. The paper web 20 is a relatively thin continuous network having a thickness of K. A work area 30. The boundary portion of the area 30 on the surface 22 is called 32, and the surface 2 The boundary portion of the region 30 in 4 is referred to as 34.   The web 20 may also include a plurality of relatively Includes a thick region 50. The relatively thick region 50 has a thickness called P and has a continuous net. It extends from the surface 32 of the work area 30. The boundary portion of the area 50 on the surface 22 is denoted by 52. , And the boundary portion of the area 50 on the surface 24 is referred to as 54. Thickness P is greater than thickness K . Preferably, the P / K ratio is at least about 1.5. Referring to FIG. 3, P is It will be at least about 0.3 mm, preferably about 0.40 mm. K is about 0.25 mm, more preferably less than about 0.02 mm.   The continuous network region 30 and the segmented relatively thick region 50 are both examples. For example, it can be reduced by creping. 1 and 2, the crepe ridge The origin is indicated by numeral 35 and generally extends in the width direction. Similarly, a split comparison Thick regions 50 can also be reduced to provide crepe ridges 55 .   The continuous network region 30 has a relatively high density, and is visibly described in US Pat. Having a single planar continuous network region of the type disclosed in US Pat. There will be. The relatively thick region 50 has a relatively low density and is disclosed in U.S. Pat. As disclosed in the detailed description, they can be arranged symmetrically in a zigzag manner. But The relatively thick region 50 is of a type shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,637,659. Not.   The relatively thick region 50 is located in the plane of the continuous network region 30. Net The height of the plane of the work area 30 depends on the plane 23 (shown by a straight line in FIG. 2). Are shown schematically. The surface 23 is located between the surfaces 32 and 34. Net The plane of the network 30 is shown as flat in FIG. It will be appreciated that the plane 30 "includes the surface 23 having a bend.   “Located in the plane of the continuous network area 30” means that the relatively thick area 5 0 means including a portion extending above or below the surface 23. As shown in Figure 2 Thus, a portion of thick region 50 is stretched along phantom line 25. Imaginary line 25 This portion of the region 50 stretched along 3 so that the intersection of the line 25 and the surface 54 is below the surface 23 Be placed.   The method for measuring the thicknesses P and K, and the region 50 is arranged in the plane of the region 30 The method of determining the position of the surface 23 to determine whether or not it is Measurement ".   In contrast to the paper web shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the paper web shown in FIG. Web 80, which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. There is no relatively thick area located in the work plane. US Patent No. 4637859 The specification discloses domes 84 distributed over a continuous network 83. In FIG. , Domes 84 are not distributed in the plane of the network 83. Figure instead As shown in FIG. 6, the lower surface of the dome 84 is arranged on the surface 23 shown in FIG. ing. The manifestation of a paper web of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. A micrograph is shown in FIG. 7A, and the opposite side of such a paper web is shown in FIG. 7B. And 7C.   Therefore, the paper web shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be converted into a continuous network. Strength advantage, density from relatively thick area 50, macro caliper US Pat. No. 4,637,659, having advantages in absorbency and softness It has a relatively smooth surface 24 as compared to the type of paper shown.   In particular, the paper web 20 is greater than about 1.15, and more preferably, about 1.15. Greater than 20, more preferably greater than about 1.25, more preferably about Have a surface smoothness ratio greater than 1.30, most preferably greater than about 1.40. Can be. Here, the surface smoothness ratio is the surface smoothness of the surface 22 divided by the value of the smoothness value of the surface 24. Value.   In some embodiments, surface 24 of web 20 is less than about 900, more preferably, less than about 8 It can have a surface smoothness value of less than 50. Opposite surface 22 is at least about 90 It may have a surface smoothness value of 0, more preferably at least about 1000.   A method for measuring the surface smoothness of a certain surface will be described in the section “Smoothness” below. One side The surface smoothness value increases as the texture becomes rougher and further decreases as the smoothness decreases. You. Therefore, a relatively low surface smoothness indicates that the surface is relatively smooth.   In contrast to the paper web 20 of the present invention, U.S. Pat. A paper sample of the type disclosed exhibits an area smoothness ratio of about 1.07, The smooth value is about 993 and 1065 on the opposite side.   One of the advantages of paper web 20 is that it has a relatively smooth surface 24 that provides softness. A relatively thicker area 50 providing greater bulk and absorbency, and providing strength Combined with a relatively thin and relatively dense network area 30 It is that you are. In addition, the paper web 20 is relatively It can be quickly and efficiently formed and dried.   A paper web 20 having a relatively smooth surface 24 has a smooth outward facing surface. It is useful in the production of multilayered tissue. For example, two facing the outside of a multilayer tissue Face includes the web face 24, and the outer layer face 22 faces inward, Alternatively, three or more webs can be combined to form a multilayer tissue. So Multi-layer tissue such as is relatively strong and distributed throughout the continuous network area The outer surface has the advantage of bulk associated with thicker areas, yet is relatively smooth and soft To provide consumers with the feel of   An example of such a two-layer tissue is illustrated in FIG. 9D. The two layers of web 20 In the face-to-face relationship, in any suitable manner (by adhesive, mechanical and ultra Including, but not limited to, sonication and combinations of these methods Not).   The paper web 20 is about 7 to about 70 grams / m^TwoHaving a basis weight of Paper The web 20 is at least about 0.1 mm, more preferably at least about 0.2 mm mm caliper, and about 0.12 grams / cm^ThreeDensity less than (macro Basis weight divided by caliper). Web basis weight, macro caliper and dense The method of measuring the degree is described below.   A paper web 20 of the type shown in FIGS. It has an absorption capacity of 0 grams / gram. The method for measuring the absorption capacity is described below. I Thus, the paper web 20 has the ratio normally associated with normal felt compacted paper. Absorbent advantages of paper webs with high bulk combined with advantages of relatively smooth surfaces Is shown.                              Web support device   FIGS. 8A and 8B show the production of a paper web of the type shown in FIGS. 1 shows a web supporting device 200 used for manufacturing. Web supporting device 200 is a dewatering felt 220 and a web-type pattern addition layer 250. The web supporting device 200 A continuous belt shape that dries the paper web on the paper machine and imparts a pattern to it Have a state. The web support device 200 includes a first web face side 202 and a second web side. It has a facing side 204. In FIG. 8A, the web supporting device 200 is the first web side 2 Looking from 02. A first web surface side 202 has a first web contact surface and a second web contact surface. It has a web contact surface.   8A and 8B, the first web contact surface is the first web of the felt layer 220. This is the belt surface 230. The first felt surface 230 is located at a first height 231 ing. First felt surface 230 is a web contact felt surface. Felt layer 2 20 also has an opposite second felt surface 232.   8A and 8B, the second web contact surface is applied to the web patterning layer 250. Provided by: Web patterning layer 250 (which is bonded to felt layer 220) Has a web contacting tip surface 260 at a second height 261. First The difference between the height 231 and the second height 261 is that the paper web Less than the thickness of the paper web when transferred to the device 200. Surface 260 and And 230 can be placed at the same height so that heights 231 and 261 are the same. . Alternatively, surface 260 may be slightly above surface 230 and surface 230 It may be slightly above surface 260.   Height difference is more than 0.0mm (0.0mil) and less than about 0.20mm (8.0mil) Is full. In some embodiments, the difference in height is a relatively smooth surface as described below. 24, preferably less than about 0.15 mm (6.0 mils) to maintain . Less than 10 mm (4.0 mil), most preferably about 0.05 mm (2.0 mil) Is less than.   The dewatered felt layer 220 is permeable to water and is squeezed out of a papermaking fiber web containing water. Water can be received and retained. The web-shaped pattern additional layer 250 is impervious to water Cannot receive and retain the water squeezed from the papermaking fiber web. FIG. 8A As shown, the web-type texturing layer 250 has a continuous web contacting tip surface 260. You. Alternatively, the web-shaped patterning layer may be discontinuous or partially continuous. Discontinuous Tip surface 260 is shown in FIG. 8C.   The web-shaped patterning layer 250 preferably comprises a photosensitive resin. Liquid the resin Deposited on the first surface 230 as a body and subsequently cured by irradiation, thereby A part of the web-shaped pattern adding layer 250 enters the first felt surface 230 and It is firmly connected to one felt surface 230. The web-shaped pattern addition layer 250 is preferable. Does not extend the entire thickness of the felt layer 220, but instead 0 thickness, thereby reducing the flexibility and pressure of the web support device 200. The shrinkage, particularly the flexibility and compressibility of the felt layer 220, is maintained.   A suitable dewatered felt layer 220 is a nonwoven cotton 240 made of natural or synthetic fibers. And the nonwoven cotton is made up of woven filaments 244, for example by sewing with a needle. Bonded to the formed support structure. Natural fiber is a suitable material for nonwoven cotton (Eg wool) and synthetic fibers (eg polyester and nylon) But not limited to these. The fibers forming the nonwoven cotton 240 are 900 It has a thickness of about 3 to about 20 grams per 0 m length of filament.   The felt layer 220 has a multi-layer structure and is mixed for fiber type and size. Things can be included. The felt layer 220 is a first layer of moisture received from the web. Formed so as to promote the movement from the felt surface 230 to the second felt surface 232 Is done. The felt layer 220 is narrowed near the first felt surface 230. And have relatively densely packed fibers. The felt layer 220 is preferably a second Compared to the density and pore size of the felt layer 220 near the felt surface 232, One felt surface 230 has a relatively high density and a relatively small pore size, Thus, water entering from first surface 230 is carried away from first surface 230.   The dewatering felt layer 220 may have a thickness greater than about 2 mm. A certain fruit In an embodiment, the dewatered felt layer 220 has a thickness of about 2 mm to about 5 mm. Can be.   PCT International Publication WO96 / 00812 (published on January 11, 1996), WO96 / 25555 (19 Published on August 22, 1996), WO96 / 25547 (published on August 22, 1996) (All of these are Trokh US Patent Application No. 08/640452, "Method of Adding Resin to Base Material Used in Papermaking" No. 08/640452, filed Aug. 22, 1996, entitled "High Absorption with Patterned Layer." Yield / Low Reflectivity Felt "(filed April 30, 1996); and US Patent Application No. 08/6 No. 72293 "Wet compacted tissue paper with felt of selected permeability -Methods for the production of "features" (filed on June 28, 1996) In order to disclose the application of the resin and to disclose the appropriate dewatered felt, Included herein by reference.   The dewatered felt layer 220 has less than about 200 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm). Has air permeability. The air permeability in scfm is about 1.27 cm (about 0.5 inch) over the thickness of the dewatered felt containing water, about 929 cm^Two(1 flat Cubic feet per minute of air passing through a felt layer with an area of It is a measured value. In some embodiments, the dewatered felt layer 220 has a thickness of about 5 to about 200 s. It has an air permeability of less than cfm, more preferably less than about 100 scfm.   The dewatered felt layer 220 has a weight of about 800 to about 2000 grams / m^TwoBasis weight, about 0 . 35 to about 0.45 g / cm^ThreeHas an average density (basis weight divided by thickness) This Can be. The air permeability of the web support device 200 is the same as the air permeability of the felt layer 220. Or less.   One suitable felt layer 220 is available from Appleton Mills, Inc.  Co., Appleton, Wisconsin) Amflex 2 Press Fel (Amflex 2 Press Felt). The felt layer 220 has a thickness of about 3 mm and a basis weight. Is about 1400 g / m^TwoThe air permeability is about 30 scfm. In addition, three-layer multi- Filament top and bottom warp weave and four layers of cabled monofilament Has a double-layered support structure having a vertical weave. Cotton 240 is the first surface 23 0, about 3 denier, about 10 to 15 denier on a cotton substrate under the first surface 230. Contains polyester fibers.   The web support device 200 shown in FIG. 8A has a plurality of divided openings 27 therein. Web-type textured layer with continuous network web-contacting tip surface 260 having zero 250. The shape suitable for the opening 270 is a circle and a vertical direction (MD in FIG. 8A). Include, but are not limited to, long ellipses, polygons, irregular shapes, or mixtures thereof It is not something to be done. The area of the protruding surface of the continuous network tip surface 260 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, about 5 to about 75% of the projected area of the web support device 200 is preferred. Or about 25 to about 50% of the projected area of the device 200.   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, the continuous network 6.54cm of projected area of^TwoLess than about 700 separately per square inch Having a cut-out opening 270, preferably as shown in FIG. About 6.54 cm of product^TwoAbout 10 to about 400 split openings per square inch 270 therein. The split opening 270 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Jig symmetrically in the vertical and width directions as described in January 20, 987) Zag is arranged. In some embodiments, openings 270 may overlap and The openings 2 are arranged symmetrically in a zigzag manner and furthermore, in both the longitudinal and width directions. 70 either vertically or widthwise so that the ends of 70 extend beyond each other. Make sure that all parallel lines pass through at least some openings 270. The size and arrangement of the openings are determined.                           Description of papermaking method   The paper structure 20 of the present invention is a paper making apparatus shown in FIGS. 9A, 9B and 9C. Can be manufactured. Referring to FIG. 9A, a method of manufacturing the paper structure 20 of the present invention is described. The method begins by providing an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers in the form of a slurry. And the papermaking fiber slurry is porous and permeates liquid from the headbox 500. Deposited on a forming member (eg, forming belt 542), followed by a forming bell An initial web composed of the papermaking fibers 543 supported by the web 542 is formed. Simple For clarity, the forming belt 542 is shown as a single continuous fourdrinier wire I have. Any of a variety of twin wire forming members known in the art can be used. It will be appreciated that   Various wood pulp is expected to normally contain papermaking fibers used in the present invention Is done. However, other cellulosic fiber pulp (eg, cotton linters) , Bagasse, rayon, etc.), and there is nothing that cannot be used. Book Wood pulp useful in the specification includes kraft, sulfite and sulfated pulp. Mechanical pulp (such as groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and (Including Chemi-Thermo Mechanical Pulp, CTMP) Is included. Both deciduous and coniferous pulp can be used.   Use both hardwood and softwood pulp with a mixture of both be able to. The term hardwood pulp as used herein refers to deciduous trees ( Angiosperms) refers to fibrous pulp derived from wood. In this case, softwood pulp is a needle It is a fibrous pulp derived from the wood of leaf trees (gymnosperms). Soft is important For the tissue webs disclosed herein, the average fiber length is about 1.00 mm. Re Hardwood pulp, such as eucalyptus trees, is particularly suitable, while strength is required Northern softwood kraft pulp having an average length of about 2.5 millimeters is preferred. further, What can be used in the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, such fibers are Promote the production of real paper with any or all of the above categories Will contain other non-fibrous materials used for filling (eg fillers and binders) .   The furnish can contain a variety of additives. These additives include fiber Includes chemicals (eg wet strong binders, dry strong binders) and chemical softeners But not limited to these. Suitable wet strength binders include Hercules (Hercules Inc., Wilmington, DE) with KYMENE® Substances such as polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins which are commercially available as However, the present invention is not limited to this. Suitable temporary wet strong binders include modified starch Binders (eg NATIONAL STARCH® 78-0080) Michal (National Starch Chemical Corp., New York, NY) More commercially available), but is not limited thereto. Suitable dry strong binding Agents include substances such as carboxymethylcellulose and cationic polymers (eg, For example, ACCO (registered trademark) 711) is included, but is not limited thereto. Dry Among the strong substances, ACCO (registered trademark) is American Cyanamide (American C) yanamid Co., Wayne, NJ).   Preferably, the furnish deposited on the forming wire is produced as the web dries. Includes a debinding agent to suppress some of the bonding between the fibers and the fibers. This pro The binder, together with the energy supplied by the dry creping process Partially reduce the bulk of the web. In some embodiments, the debinding agent comprises two layers. Applies to fibers forming an intermediate fiber layer located between or between three or more layers. The intermediate layer functions as a decoupling layer between the outer fiber layers. Therefore, crepe processing Debulking a portion of the web along the decoupling layer with engineering energy (debulking). The debulking of the web creates a void 310 (FIG. 16) You.   As a result, the web is relatively dry for efficient drying on a Yankee dryer. Molded to have a smooth surface. And rival with creping blade Because of the king, the dried web will also have a discriminating density region. The area Due to the relatively dense area of the continuous network and the creping process Includes the resulting segmented relatively low density regions.   Suitable decoupling agents include US Pat. No. 5,279,767 (Phan et al., Jan. 18, 1994) Or the chemical softening compositions as disclosed in US Pat. Suitable biodegradable chemical The soft composition was disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,311,522 (Phan et al., Issued May 17, 1994). It is shown. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,279,767 and 5,315,522 are incorporated herein by reference. included. Such a chemical softening composition comprises one or two of the fibers constituting the web. Can be used as a debinding agent to suppress fiber-to-fiber bonding in more than one layer You.   Suitable for decoupling the fibers of one or more fiber layers forming the web 20 One of the softening agents is diester di (contact curing) tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride. Papermaking additive containing Suitable softeners are available from Witco Co., Conn. ADOGEN® brand papermaking additives available from Greenwich, Utah It is.   The initial web 543 is preferably prepared from an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers. However A suspension with a liquid other than water can also be used. The fibers are from about 0.1 to about 0 . It is suspended in a carrier liquid to have a concentration of 3%. Suspensions, slurries, webs Or the concentration% of another system is calculated by dividing the dry fiber weight in the corresponding system by the total weight of that system. Is defined as 100 times the quotient obtained when Fiber weight is always based on dry fiber It is expressed as   The initial web 543 can be formed in a continuous papermaking process as shown in FIG. For example, a batch process such as a hand sheet manufacturing process may be used. Suspension of papermaking fibers After the liquid has been deposited on the forming belt 542, the initial web 543 can be formed by techniques known to those skilled in the art. Formed by removing a part of the aqueous dispersion medium. Early web It is generally single plane and substantially flat using any of the suitable forming belts 542. It is formed to have smooth and visibly single plane first and second surfaces.   Vacuum boxes, molded plates, hydrofoils, etc. are used to remove water from the suspension. Useful. The initial web 543 is formed by the return roll 5 together with the forming belt 542. 02 and is moved near the web support device 200.   The next step in manufacturing the paper structure 20 is to attach the initial web 543 to the forming belt 5. 42 to the device 200, and the transferred wafer is placed on the first surface 202 of the device 200. Web (shown as number 545 in FIG. 9B). The initial web is When transferred to the device 200, it preferably has a concentration of about 5 to about 20%.   The web rests on the first side 547 of the transport web 545 on the side 202 of the device 200. And transferred to the device 200 so as to match the surface. At this time, the web 545 Of the web is retained on surface 260, and a portion of the web is also felt surface 230 Is held on. The second side 549 of the web is substantially smooth and macroscopically flat. The surface structure is maintained. Referring to FIG. 9B, when the web is transferred to the device 200 So that the second side of the initial web can be substantially smooth and macroscopically maintain a single plane, The difference in height between the surface 260 and the surface 230 of the web support device 200 is sufficiently small. Especially face The height difference between 260 and surface 230 is less than the initial web thickness at the time of transfer. I have to go down.   Transferring the initial web 543 to the device 200 may include, at least in part, the initial web. Provided by applying different liquid pressures to the valve 543. For example, Web 543 may be a vacuum source 600 (eg, a vacuum shoe or vacuum) as shown in FIG. 9A. Transfer from the forming belt 542 to the device 200 by the vacuum it can. One or more additional vacuum sources 620 may also be included in the initial web transfer. It can be provided downstream of the point to provide further dehydration.   The web 545 includes a vacuum compression roll 900 and a heated Yankee dryer drum 8. 80 toward the nip 800 provided between the hard surface 875 (FIG. 9A) Is transported over the apparatus 200 to the MD). Referring to FIG. The door 2800 is located immediately upstream of the nip 800. Steam food 2800 Is that the surface 547 of the web 545 is above the vacuum supply portion 920 of the vacuum compression roll 900 Is conducted to the surface 549 of the web 545.   The steam hood 2800 is installed facing the compartment of the vacuum supply section 920 Can be Vacuum source 920 draws steam to web 545 and felt layer 220. Put in. The steam supplied from the steam hood 2800 is a paper web 545 And the water in the felt layer 220 is heated, thereby increasing the web and felt layer 2 Reduce the concentration of water in 20. Therefore, the web and felt layer 22 Water in 0 can be more easily removed by the vacuum provided by roll 900 .   Steam Food 2800 weighs about 454 g dry fiber at a pressure less than about 15 psi. About 136 g (0.3 lb) of saturated steam can be supplied per lb. vacuum The supply section 920 may be about 2.54 cm to 38.1 cm (about 1 inch) mercury at the surface 204. To 15 inches), more preferably from about 7.62 to about 30.48 cm (from about 3 to A vacuum of about 12 inches is provided. A suitable vacuum compression roll 900 is a Winche Winchester Roll Products suction compression row It is. A suitable steam food 2800 is available from Majorex-Debron (Me asurex-Devron Co., North Bank, British Columbia, Canada D5A model.   The vacuum supply section 920 is connected to a vacuum supply (not shown). true The empty supply portion 920 is stationary with respect to the rotation surface 910 of the roll 900. Face 9 10 has holes or grooves in the surface through which vacuum is applied to surface 204. Surface 910 rotates in the direction shown in FIG. 9C. The vacuum supply section 920 comprises a web and Device 200 passes through steam hood 2800 and then through nip 800 As conveyed, a vacuum is provided to surface 204 of web support device 200. In the figure Although only one vacuum supply portion 920 is shown, in other embodiments, separately Device 200 is moved around roll 900, provided with a vacuum supply that has been cut off It may be preferable for each vacuum supply to provide a different vacuum when doing so.   Yankee dryers are typically steel or iron dryers heated by steam. Have a system. Referring to FIG. 9C, web 545 is a substantially smooth web of web. The nip 8 supported by the device 200 so that the second surface 549 can be transferred to the surface 875. 00 is transported. Upstream of the nip (point before web is transferred to surface 875) The nozzle 890 applies the adhesive to the surface 875.   The adhesive is an adhesive based on polyvinyl alcohol. Separately, adhesive Is a CREP from Hercules Co., Wilmington, Del. A TROL (registered trademark) brand adhesive may be used. Other adhesives can also be used . Generally, the web is transferred to Yankee drum 880 at a concentration greater than about 45%. In one embodiment, an adhesive for creping based on polyvinyl alcohol is used. Can be. At concentrations less than about 40%, viscosities such as CREPTROL® An adhesive can be used.   The adhesive can be applied to the web directly or indirectly (eg, Yankee surface 875) in a variety of ways. By applying to). For example, pressure sensitive adhesives On the web or on the Yankee surface 875. Alternatively, the adhesive The agent may be applied to surface 875 with a transfer roller or brush. Another implementation In an embodiment, the creping adhesive is, for example, furnish in headbox 500. The furnish at the wet end of the paper machine by adding the adhesive to the May be added. Per ton of dry paper fiber on Yankee Drum 880 About 0.91kg to about 1.8kg (about 0.2lb to about 4lb) of adhesive Applicable.   When the web is conveyed through nip 800 onto apparatus 200, roll 900 A vacuum supply portion 920 provides a vacuum to surface 204 of web support device 200. Sa Furthermore, when the web is conveyed through nip 800 onto apparatus 200, a vacuum is applied. Between the compression roll 900 and the dryer surface 875, the web support device 200 The pattern-applying layer 250 applies a pattern corresponding to the surface 260 to the first surface of the web 545. 547. The second surface 549 is substantially smooth and macroscopically flat. When the web is conveyed through the nip 800, the entire second surface 549 is dry. It is arranged to face the ear surface 875 and adheres to the dryer surface. Web When transported through the nip, the second surface 549 faces the smooth surface 875 and is supported. As a result, a substantially smooth and macroscopically single plane structure is maintained. Therefore, The defined pattern is applied to the first side 547 of the web 545 and the second side 549 is It remains qualitatively smooth. The web 545 is transferred to the surface 875 and the pattern of the surface 260 When applied to the web, the web 545 preferably has about 20% to about 60% Has a concentration.   As the web is transported through the nip 800, the heated surface 875 Bring 545 water to a boil. The vacuum provided by the vacuum compression roll 900 W through the portion of the felt layer 220 that is not covered by the web imprint layer 250 Withdraw boiling water from the web.   Substantially the entire second surface 549 is arranged to face the Yankee surface 875 As a result, drying of the web 545 on the Yankee was selected for the second side It is more efficient than a web with only a part facing the Yankee surface Generally considered. In particular, substantially the entire second surface 549 is placed on the Yankee surface 875. Face-to-face has the same bulk and smoothness, and at least about 3. 63kg / 278.7m^Two(About 81b / 3000f^Two), More preferably at least Is about 4.536kg / 278.7m^Two(About 101b / 3000f^TwoHas a basis weight of) Less than about 50% (more preferably less than about 30%) From a concentration of at least about 90% (more preferably at least about 95%). At least about 1371.6 m / min (about 4500 f / min). More preferably at a web speed of about 1524 m / min (about 5000 f / min) per hour. It is considered that water can be removed at a water removal rate of at least about 11 tons. You.   In particular, the present invention provides at least about 3.63 kg / 278.7 m^Two(About 81b / 3 000f^Two), More preferably at least about 4.536 kg / 278.7 m^Two(about 101b / 3000f^Two) Having a basis weight of at least about 137 Yankee drum at 1.6m / min (about 4500f / min) Yankee drum speed Thought to allow drying from relatively low to relatively high concentrations above Can be In particular, the present invention relates to at least about 1371.6 m / min (about 4500 f / min). ), More preferably about 1524 m / min (about 5000 f / min), most preferably about 15 On a Yankee drum at a web speed of 1828.8 m / min (about 6000 f / min) Less than about 30%, more preferably less than about 25% (transfer the web to drum 880) At least about 90%, more preferably at least about 95% (The value when the web is removed from the drum by creping) It is believed that web 545 having a basis weight characteristic of.   By comparison, the continuous network and system disclosed in U.S. Pat. And divided dome, and at least about 4.536 kg / 278.7 m^Two(about 101b / 3000f^Two) To dry paper with basis weight of The key dryer speed should be about 30% consistency of the paper on the Yankee dryer. Over 1066.8 m / min (3500 f / min) when drying to a concentration of about 90% I can't get it. Typically, of the type shown in U.S. Pat. The paper is pre-dried upstream of the Yankee drum and transferred to the Yankee drum. At some point it has a concentration of about 60% to about 70%. US Patent No. 4637859 When drying paper of the type indicated in There is no theory, but Yankee dryer speed is about 914.4m Per minute (about 3000 f / min).   The final step of forming the paper structure 20 is as shown in FIG. Peeling web 545 from surface 875 with blade 1000 and creping including. Although there is no bound theory, the doctor blade 100 The energy imparted to the web 545 by zero is at least how much of the web Part of the web, in particular, the part of the web that is not engraved by the web It is thought to increase bulk and decrease density. Therefore, the doctor blade 10 The step of peeling the web from surface 875 and creping at 00 is the first step of the web. The first compressed, relatively thin area corresponding to the pattern applied to And a web having a second relatively thick region. In general, doctor Has a tilt angle of about 25 degrees and an impact angle of about 81 degrees against the Yankee dryer. It is arranged to provide.   The paper structure 20 shown in FIG. 2 has both the continuous region 30 and the divided region 50. Indicates shrinkage due to creping. The creping frequency of the area 30 is the area 50 Creping frequency. Generally, the creping frequency of the area 50 is It is lower than the creping frequency of the continuous network 30.   In yet another embodiment, the web imprinting device 200 includes a resin-type patterning layer 250. Can be taken. This is because, as shown in the plan view of FIG. It has a plurality of split web contacting front surfaces 260 joined to zero. In FIG. 8C , The web contact felt surface 230 is a continuous network surrounding the cross section 260. It has the form of Such an apparatus is used to form the paper web of the present invention. However, in such a case, the paper structure may be a relatively thick continuous net. A plurality of relatively thin severance regions distributed throughout the network region.   In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the web support device 200 comprises a woven filament ・ Including a resin layer placed on a porous background component including the fabric be able to. Referring to FIGS. 14A-15C, the apparatus 200 includes a woven fabric. And a resin layer 250 disposed on the rack 1220. The resin layer 250 , A continuous network having individually spaced openings 270 as shown in FIG. 14A It has a web contact surface 260. Woven fabric 1220 is a longitudinal filament 1242 and a width filament 1241.   14A and 14B show a first web contact surface at a first height 1231 Are separated from each other at the intersection of filaments 1241 and 1242. It is provided by a knuckle surface 1230. Beyond filaments 1241 and 1242 Edges are sanded or polished to a relatively flat, generally oval knuckle A surface 1230 can be provided (oval details are not shown in FIG. 14A). No). The second web contact surface is provided by a web-type texturing layer 250. C The web-shaped patterning layer 250 (which is associated with the woven fabric 1220) , Having a web contacting tip surface 260 at a second height 261.   The difference between the first height 1231 and the second height 261 is due to the paper web Approximately less than the thickness of the paper web when transferred to the web support device 200. is there. Contiguous surface 260 and individually spaced surfaces 1230 have heights 1231 and 261 They are distributed at the same height so that they are the same. Alternatively, face 260 is face 123 0, and surface 1230 may be slightly higher than surface 260. Good.   The difference in height is greater than 0.00 mm (0.00 mil) and about 0.125 mm (5.0 mil). Mils). In some embodiments, a relatively smooth surface 24, as described below, To maintain a height difference of less than about 4.0 mils, more preferably Is less than about 0.05 mm (2.0 mils), most preferably about 0.025 mm (1.0 mil). Mils).   The web support device 200 shown in FIG. 14A and FIG. Can be used to form the paper web shown in. See FIG. Then the paper web 20 is a continuous network, a comparison that matches the surface 260 Area 30 and multiple partitions distributed throughout the continuous network area 30 Has a relatively thick region 50. Region 50 is located at opening 270 in surface 260. Matches. Each of the relatively thick regions 50 takes at least one dense region 70 Surround. This high density area 70 conforms to the face 1230 of the woven fabric 1220. You.   Referring to FIG. 11, P is at least about 0.35 mm, more preferably less than about 0.35 mm. Both would be about 0.44 mm. K is less than about 0.20 mm, more preferably about 0,2 mm. Will be less than 10 mm.   FIGS. 15A to 15C illustrate the web 20 of FIG. Shows the formation of As described in FIGS. 9A to 9C above, the first and second An initial web 543 having a smooth surface is formed on the forming wire 542 and the web It is transferred to the support device 200. The web 543 is transferred to the device 200 by vacuum, A web 545 supported on the device 200 is provided. As shown in FIG. 15B, First face 547 coincides with faces 260 and 1230, and second face 549 is substantially Is maintained as a smooth, macroscopically single plane.   9A to 9C, then the web 545 and the web support device 200 Are conveyed through a through-air dryer 650. In this through-air dryer, heated air is The web 545 is guided through the web 545 while the web 545 supports the device 200. Is held. The heated air enters surface 549, passes through web 545, and is subsequently loaded. Is guided to pass through the device 200.   Using a through-air dryer 650 to reduce web 545 from about 30% to about 70% consistency Can be dried. U.S. Pat. No. 3,303,576 (Sisson) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,247,930 (Ensign et al.) Discloses a suitable method used to practice the present invention. Included herein by reference to indicate a suitable ventilation dryer.   The partially dried web 545 and the device 200 are guided to form a compression roll 9 00 and the nip 800 formed between the Yankee drum 880. Continuous The network surface 260 and the split surface 1230 allow the web to be transported through the nip 800. As it is fed, it is pressed against surface 547 of web 545. By nozzle 890 The supplied adhesive heats substantially the entirety of the substantially smooth surface 549. Used to attach to surface 875 of drum 880.   FIG. 16 shows three layers of paper web 301, 302 and 303. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one paper web 20 of an embodiment of the present invention having layers. layer The paper web having the structure is the papermaking shown in FIGS. 8A, B and 9A to 9C. Apparatus and method, or alternatively as shown in FIGS. 14A, B and FIGS. It can be manufactured using paper equipment and methods.   A single formed wire 542 is shown in FIG. 9A, but to provide a multi-layer web, one One or more layers having the ability to supply one or more layers of fiber furnish It is possible to use other formed wire structures in combination with the headbox Will be understood. U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,711 (Morgan et al.) And U.S. Pat. No. 81 (Carstens et al.) And U.S. patent application Ser. Phan & Trokhan, filed October 24, 1996) discloses an overlay method. These are incorporated herein by reference). Twin wire forming machine Various types of formed wire structures can be used, including: In addition, With one or more fiber layers using various types of designs Can provide the web.   Referring to FIG. 16, one or more headboxes are used to initialize an initial window. Layers 301, 302 and 303 so that the webs can include layers 301, 302 and 303. Feeding three layers of furnish corresponding to 02 and 303 onto forming wire 542 Can be. The first layer 301 has a relatively long length placed near the first side 22 of the web. Papermaking fibers. The relatively long papermaking fibers of the first layer 301 have an average Contain softwood fibers with a fiber length of about 3 mm or more (eg northern softwood fibers) I can do it. Second layer 302 includes a relatively short layer located near second surface 24 of the web. Papermaking fibers. The relatively short papermaking fibers of this second layer 302 are: Hardwood fiber having an average fiber length of about 1.5 mm or less (eg, eucalyptus fiber) Can be included.   The third layer 303 is located intermediate the first and second layers (301 and 302). You. This third layer is said to have voids 310 substantially free of fibers therein. It may be a decoupling layer having features. Such voids are shown in FIGS. 3 and 11. Truely shown.   In particular, this gap can be present in a relatively thick region 50. The third layer is like A third layer 303 containing a debinding agent such as ADOGEN® brand additive. Reduces the fiber-to-fiber bonds in the fiber, thereby promoting the opening of the fiber structure Thus, a gap 310 can be provided in the layer 303. The third layer 303 is softwood fiber, Hardwood fibers or a combination of hardwood and softwood fibers may be included.   In yet another embodiment, layers 301 and 301 are each relatively short softwood fibers. And the third layer 303 can include relatively long softwood fibers. For example, the layer 301 and 302 are each composed exclusively of eucalyptus fiber and the third layer 303 May be composed of relatively long northern softwood fibers.   Alternatively, debulking the web using other methods, or fabricating the web outer layer It can promote the debinding of fiber inclusions. U.S. Pat. No. 4,225,382 (Kearn ey et al.) developed a multi-layer web consisting of a rigid tie layer separated by an inner layer. Included herein by reference to indicate.                                  Example   Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are weight percentages based on dry fiber weight. It is.Example 1   This embodiment is manufactured by the paper making apparatus shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B and FIGS. 15A to 15C. Provide a three-layer tissue web.   A 3% by weight aqueous NSK slurry is prepared with a conventional repulper. 2% by weight Aqueous strong resin aqueous solution (ie, National Starch and Chemical Company (N ational Starch and Chemical Corp., New York, NY) National Starch 78-0080) was placed in an NSK stock pipe at a dry fiber weight of 0. 2% (the ratio of wet strength resin weight to dry fiber weight is 0.00 2). The NSK slurry is diluted with a fan pump to a concentration of about 0.2%. No. Second, a 3% by weight aqueous eucalyptus fiber slurry is prepared with a conventional repulper. A 2% by weight aqueous solution of a decoupling agent (ie, ADOGEN® 442) was added to a eucalyptus tree The dry fiber is added to the suction pipe at a rate of 0.1% by weight. Eucalyptus tree slurry Dilute to a concentration of about 0.2% with a fan pump.   Individually treated furnish streams (Stream 1 = 100% NSK; Stream 2 = 100% eucalyptus tree; stream 3 = 100% eucalyptus tree) separately Three layers of the initial web (two layers outside) A eucalyptus tree layer and an intermediate NSK layer). Dewatering via Fourdrinier wire And is assisted by a deflector and vacuum box. Fourdrinier wire Is a 5 shed satin woven structure, 11 inches per 2.54 cm (1 inch) Contains 0 longitudinal monofilaments and 95 width monofilaments I do.   When the fiber concentration during the transfer was about 8%, the initial web was made of a photosensitive resin. A porous backing including a woven fabric 1220 and a web-type patterned add-on layer 250. By a vacuum from a fourdrinier wire to a web support device 200 having a background component Be transported. Merge the web with a pressure difference of about 0.65 m (16 inches) of mercury Transfer to support device 200. The porous background component is approximately 2.54 cm (1 inch). 68 vertical monofilaments and 51 monofilaments per width 5 sheds with satin weave structure, with longitudinal filament diameter of about 0.2 At 2 mm, the width of the width filament is about 0.29 mm. Such porosity The background component is available from Appleton Wire Co., Wisconsin. It is manufactured in Appleton, Sconsin.   The web-patterned layer 250 comprises a continuous network web connection having protruding areas. It has a contact surface 260. This projected area is about 30 to about 40% of the projected area of the device 200. It is. The height of the web contact surface 1231 of the porous background component and the continuous net The difference between the workpiece web contact surface 260 and the height 261 is about 0.0254 mm (about 0 mm). . 001 inches).   The web was transferred to device 200 and held on device 200, as shown in FIG. A web 545 having a substantially smooth second surface 549 is provided. further, The dewatering is performed in the apparatus 600, 620 and 65 until the web has a fiber concentration of about 65%. Performed by vacuum assisted drainage and through-air drying as represented by 0.   The transfer to the Yankee dryer at nip 800 is performed by compression roll 900. Will be applied. Surface 250 and surface 1230 are imprinted on first surface 547 of web 545 The pattern addition surface 547 is provided. Substantially the entire second surface 549 is poly Yankee Dry using crepe processing adhesive based on vinyl alcohol Glue 880 is adhered to surface 875. The pinch pressure of the nip 800 should be low Is also about 400 pli.   The web density is determined by peeling the web from surface 875 with a doctor blade 1000. Increased from about 90% to about 100% prior to dry creping. Doctor Bure The card has a tilt angle of about 25 degrees and an impact angle of about 81 degrees against the Yankee dryer It is arranged to be able to provide. Yankee dryer is about 244m / min (about 80m / min) 0 fpm (feet / min)). The dry web is 200 m / min (650 fpm ).   The web produced according to the above procedure is a three-layer single sheet toilet Converted to tissue paper. One-sheet toilet tissue paper Is about 28.5 g / m^Two(About 17.5 pounds / 3000f^Two) Of about 0 . It contains 02% by weight of a temporary wet strength resin and about 0.01% by weight of a debinding agent.   Importantly, the resulting one-sheet tissue paper is flexible and absorbent. , Suitable as toilet tissue. The one-sheet tissue web is as follows Has properties: Basis weight 28.5g / m^Two(17.5 lb / 3000 ft^Two) Macro caliper 13.6 mil (0.0136 inch) Density 0.08g / cm^Three Surface smoothness of surface 22 890 Surface smoothness of surface 24 1070 Smoothing ratio 1.20Example 2:   This example was manufactured with the paper making apparatus shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B and FIGS. 15A to 15C. Provide a two-layer tissue web.   A 3% by weight aqueous NSK slurry is prepared with a conventional repulper. 2% temporary moisture Wet strength resin solution (for example, American Cyanamid Co., PAREZ (registered trademark) 750) from Stanford, Connecticut Add to the pipe at a rate of 0.2% by dry fiber weight. NSK slurry is Dilute to a concentration of about 0.2% with a pump. Second, 3% by weight eucalyptus fiber water The slurry is made with a conventional repulper. The decoupling agent (ie, Witco tco Corp., Dublin, Ohio) 2% solution of ADOGEN® 442) commercially available Is added to the eucalyptus stock pipe at a rate of 0.1% by dry fiber weight. You The potash slurry is diluted with a fan pump to a concentration of about 0.2%.   Two furnish streams (Stream 1 = 100% NSK / Stream 2 = 100% eucalyptus tree) in a headbox and deposited on a fourdrinier wire 542. To form an initial web containing NSK and eucalyptus fiber. Dewatering is Fourdrinier wire Via a deflector and vacuum box. Long net The ears are 5 shed satin woven structure, each 2.54 cm (1 inch) 110 longitudinal monofilaments and 95 width monofilaments Having.   When the fiber concentration in the transfer is about 8%, the initial web is woven fabric 1220. And a web comprising a web-type texturing layer 250 having a continuous network surface 260 Transferred from the fourdrinier wire to the support device 200.   When the fiber concentration during transfer is about 8%, the initial web is transferred from the fourdrinier wire to the device 200. Transferred, substantially smooth and macroscopically single plane 549 and surfaces 1230 and 260 A web 545 having a surface 547 that coincides with About 0.65m of mercury (16 The web is transferred to the apparatus 200 using a pressure difference of inches. Woven fabric 122 0 equals 79 longitudinal monofilaments and 6 It has a three shed satin weave structure with seven widthwise monofilaments, The diameter of the filament is about 0.18 mm and the diameter of the widthwise filament is about 0.21 mm. mm. Such a porous background component is available from Appleton Wire (Appleton Wire Co., Appleton, Wis.).   The web-shaped patterning layer 250 may have about 30 to about 40% of the projected area of the device 200. It has a web contact tip surface 260 having a projecting area. Height of web contact surface 1230 1231 and the height 261 of the surface 260 is about 1 mil (0.0254 mm). 01 inch)).   In addition, dewatering of the web 545 is performed until the web has a fiber concentration of about 65%. Vacuum assisted drainage and through-air drying as represented by 600, 620 and 650 Is implemented. The transfer to the Yankee dryer is performed by the compression roll 900 and the Yankee -Implemented at nip 800 formed between dryer drum 880.   Surface 250 and surface 1230 are imprinted on first surface 547 of web 545 and are modeled. An additional surface 547 is provided. Substantially the entire second surface 549 is made of polyvinyl alcohol. Using a crepe-based adhesive for crepe processing Is adhered to the surface 875 of the memory 880. The nip 800 pinch pressure should be at least about 40 0 pli.   The web density is determined by peeling the web from surface 875 with a doctor blade 1000. Increased from about 90% to about 100% prior to dry creping. Doctor Bure The card has a tilt angle of about 25 degrees and an impact angle of about 81 degrees against the Yankee dryer It is arranged to be able to provide. Yankee dryer is about 244m / min (about 80m / min) 0 fpm (feet / min)). The dry web is 200 m / min (650 fpm ).   The web is converted to a two-sheet, hand-washed tissue paper. Each paper Leaves are about 20.8g / m^Two(Approx. 12.8 pounds / 3000 ft^Two) Having a basis weight of It contains about 0.02% temporary wet strength resin and about 0.01% debinding agent.   The two-ply tissue paper obtained is soft and absorbent, and is hand-washed. It is appropriate as a shuffle. Each sheet has the following properties: Basis weight 20.8g / m^Two(12.8 lb / 3000 ft^Two) Macro caliper 11.4 mil Density 0.07g / cm^Three Surface smoothness of surface 22 850 Surface smoothness of surface 24 1006 Smoothing ratio 1.18Example 3   This embodiment is manufactured by a papermaking apparatus of the type shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and FIGS. 9A to 9C. Provide two-sheet stacked tissue paper (each sheet has a three-layer structure) You.   An aqueous slurry of 3% by weight northern softwood kraft (NSK) fiber is applied to a regular repulper. To make. 2% by weight temporary wet strength resin solution (ie National Star National Starch and Chemical Corp., New York National Starch 78-0080) from NSK Stockpie 0.2% by dry fiber weight. NSK slurry is a fun pon Dilute to a concentration of about 0.2% with a pump. Second, 3% by weight eucalyptus fiber aqueous slurry The lee is made with a regular repulper. The decoupling agent (i.e., Witco Corp. A 2% solution of commercially available ADOGEN® 442) was added to a eucalyptus tree (Dublin, Ohio). Add 0.1% by dry fiber weight to one of the stock pipes. Eucalyptus tree Dilute the slurry with a fan pump to a concentration of about 0.2%.   Three individually processed furnish streams (Stream 1 = 100% NSK; Stream 2 = 100% Eucalyptus tree coated with debinding agent; Stream 3 = 100% Eucalyptus (Kari tree) is separately held via a head box, and is deposited on a fourdrinier wire to form three layers. Initial web (outer eucalyptus tree, eucalyptus tree with debinding agent and NSK layer) Including). Dewatering is performed via fourdrinier wire, deflector and vacuum Assisted by a box. The fourdrinier wire has a five-shutter satin weave structure, 110 vertical monofilaments per 2.54 cm (1 inch) And 95 monofilaments in the width direction.   When the fiber concentration during the transfer is about 8%, the initial web is dehydrated felt layer 220 and From the fourdrinier wire to the supporting device 200 having the pattern-applied layer 250 of photosensitive resin. Moved.   Dehydrated felt 220 is available from Appleton Mills, Wisco Amflex 2 Press Felt (Appleton, N.C.) ss Felt). The felt 220 includes blown cotton of polyester fiber. This The denier of the cotton surface is 3 and the denier of the substrate is 10 to 15. felt The layer 220 has a basis weight of 1436 g / m.^Two, Caliper about 3mm, air permeability about 30 From about 40 scfm.   The web-shaped pattern adding layer 250 is formed from about 30 of the projecting area of the web supporting device 200. It includes a continuous network web contact surface 260 having a projected area of about 40%. surface The difference between the height 261 of 260 and the height 231 of the felt surface 230 is about 0.1274 m. m (about 0.005 inches).   The initial web is transferred to and held on device 200 and is substantially smooth. A web 545 having a surface 549 is provided. Transfer is about 50.8 cm (about 20 inches) ) Is carried out at the vacuum transfer point due to the mercury pressure difference.   In addition, dewatering can be performed, for example, by using apparatus 620 until the web has a fiber concentration of about 25%. It is implemented with vacuum assisted drainage. Subsequently, web 545 is Transported near the nozzle 2880, and further, the vacuum compression roll 900 and the Yankee It is conveyed to nip 800 formed by ear drum 880.   Web 5 between vacuum compaction roll 900 and Yankee dryer drum 880 By compressing the web support device 200 with the surface Is pressed against the surface 547 of the web 545. Using crepe processing adhesive Adhere the web to the nky dryer. Peel the web with a doctor blade Prior to dry creping, the fiber concentration is increased to at least about 90%. Doctor -The blade has a tilt angle of about 25 degrees and about 81 degrees with respect to the Yankee dryer Are arranged so as to provide an impact angle. Yankee dryer is about 244m / min (About 800 fpm (feet / min)). The dry web is 200 m / min (650 fpm).   The web is converted into a two-sheet stack of hand-washing cosmetic tissue paper, each paper The leaves contain three fiber layers. This double layer of toilet tissue paper is about Contains 1.0% temporary wet strength resin and about 0.1% debinding agent.   Each sheet has the following properties: Basis weight 15.9g / m^Two(9.8 lb / 3000 ft^Two) Macro caliper 6 mil Density 0.10g / cm^Three Surface smoothness of surface 22 740 Surface smoothness of surface 24 960 Smoothing ratio 1.30Example 4:   This embodiment is manufactured by a papermaking apparatus of the type shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B and FIGS. 9A to 9C. Providing the tissue web created.   An aqueous slurry of 3% by weight northern softwood kraft is prepared with a conventional repulper. 2% temporary wet strength resin solution (PAREZ® 750) into NSK stock pipe It is added at a rate of 0.2% by dry fiber weight. NSK slurry is about fan pump Dilute to a concentration of 0.2%. Second, a 3% by weight aqueous slurry of eucalyptus fiber It is made with a regular repulper. A 2% solution of decoupling agent (ADOGEN® 442) Add 0.1% by dry fiber weight to eucalyptus stock pipe. Yuka The tree slurry is diluted to a concentration of about 0.2% with a fan pump.   Two individually processed furnish streams (Stream 1 = 100% NSK; Stream 2 = 100% eucalyptus tree) through a head box, Deposited in ears to form a single layer web of NSK and eucalyptus fiber. Yuka The tree fiber is coated with a debinding agent. Dehydration is carried out through a fourdrinier wire. Backed by a lector and a vacuum box. Fourdrinier wire is a 5-shutter satay Woven structure, 110 vertical modules per 2.54 cm (1 inch) It has no filaments and 95 monofilaments in the width direction.   When the fiber concentration during the transfer is about 8%, the initial web is dehydrated felt layer 220 and Web supporting device 200 having a web-shaped pattern-applying layer 250 of photosensitive resin and photosensitive resin. Removed from mesh wire.   Dewatered felt 220 is available from Appleton Mills, Inc., Wisconsin Luton) Amflex 2 press felt. Web pattern additional layer 2 50 includes a continuous web contact surface 260. The web pattern adding layer 250 is a web support. It has a projecting area equal to about 35% of the projecting area of the holding device 200. Advanced web connection The height difference between the contact surface 260 and the first felt surface 230 is about 0.1274 mm (about 0.005 inches).   The initial web is transferred to the web support device 200 and distorted in the first deflection step. The web is applied to form a generally single planar web 545. Transfer is about 50 . Achieved at the vacuum transfer point by a pressure differential of about 20 inches of mercury. Sa In addition, dewatering is performed by vacuum-assisted drainage until the web has a fiber concentration of about 25%. Will be applied. Subsequently, the web 545 is steamed by the web support device 200. It is conveyed near the hood 2800, and further, the vacuum compression roll 900 and the Yankee It is conveyed to the nip 800 formed by the ram 880. Then, at least Web 545 at a compression pressure of about 400 pli. Compress against 80 compression surfaces. Polyvinyl alcohol-based crepe adhesive The compressed web is adhered to a Yankee dryer using an agent. Doctor B Dry crepe processing that peels the web from the surface of the dryer drum 880 with a blade Previously, the fiber concentration is increased to at least about 90%. Doctor blade is about 2 It has a tilt angle of 5 degrees and can provide a shock angle of about 81 degrees to the Yankee dryer. It is arranged so that. Yankee dryer is about 244 m / min (about 800 fpm (fe et / min)). The dried web is blown at a speed of 200 m / min (650 fpm). Molded into a metal shell.   The web is converted to a single-layer, two-sheet, stacked tissue paper for hand washing. provide. Approximately 20.5 g / m for each stacked sheet^Two(About 12.6 lb / 3000 ft^Two) And about 0.2% by weight of a temporary wet strength resin and about 0.1% by weight. Contains 1% by weight of debinding agent.   The obtained two-sheet tissue paper is soft and absorbable and is suitable for hand washing Suitable as tissue.   Each tissue web has the following characteristics: Basis weight 20.5g / m^Two(12.6 lb / 3000 ft^Two) Macro caliper 8.8 mil Density 0.092g / cm^Three Surface smoothness of surface 22 890 Surface smoothness of surface 24 1050 Smoothing ratio 1.18Expected example:   The following example is a commercial size of the type shown in FIGS. 8A, B and 9A-C. 1 shows a method of manufacturing a two-sheet stacked tissue paper using a papermaking apparatus.   An aqueous slurry of 3% by weight northern softwood kraft is prepared with a conventional repulper. 2% temporary wet strength resin solution (i.e., American Cyanamid, Inc. PAREZ (registered trademark) 750) from NSK Stockpipe At a rate of 0.2% by dry fiber weight. NSK slurry is fan pump Dilute to a concentration of about 0.2% with. Second, 3% by weight eucalyptus fiber aqueous slurry Is made with a regular repulper. Decoupling agent (ie, Witco, Ohio Dublin), a 2% solution of commercially available Adogen® 442) Add 0.1% by dry fiber weight to the ip. Juan Eucalyptus Slurry Dilute to a concentration of about 0.2% with a pump.   Two individually processed furnish streams (Stream 1 = 100% NSK; Stream 2 = 100% eucalyptus tree) through a head box, The ears are deposited to form a single layer web of NSK fibers and coated eucalyptus fibers. You The potash fiber is coated with a debinding agent. Dehydration is performed via fourdrinier wire, Supported by deflectors and vacuum boxes. Fourdrinier wire Satin weave construction, 110 vertical per 2.54 cm (1 inch) each And 95 monofilaments in the width direction.   When the fiber concentration during the transfer is about 10%, the incipient wet web is dehydrated felt layer 22 Support device 20 having a web-shaped patterning layer 250 of zero and photosensitive resin Moved from fourdrinier wire to zero.   Dewatered felt 220 is available from Appleton Mills, Inc., Wisconsin Luton) Amflex 2 press felt. Web pattern additional layer 2 50 is approximately 6.45 cm of web contact surface 220^TwoAbout 69 per square inch Continuous web-type model having two symmetrically zigzag arranged elliptical openings 270 Including an additional layer 250. The web-shaped pattern adding layer 250 is provided on the web supporting device 200. It has a projecting area equal to about 35% of the projecting area. The tip web contact surface 260 and the second The difference in height between one felt surface 230 is about 0.127 mm (about 0.005 inch). J).   The initial web is transferred to a web support device 200 to provide a generally single flat web 5. 45 is formed. The transfer is due to a pressure difference of about 20 inches of mercury. This is performed at the vacuum transfer point. In addition, dehydration is achieved when the web has a fiber concentration of about 30%. Is carried out by vacuum assisted drainage. The web 545 is a web support device It is conveyed to the nip 800 by 200. The vacuum compression roll 900 is about 60P The compression surface 910 has a & J hardness. Next, the compression surface 910 and the Yankee At a compression pressure of at least about 400 pli between the surface of the dryer drum 880 and the The web 545 is compressed by compressing the web 545 and the web support device 200. The compression is performed on the compression surface of the nky dryer drum 880. Polyvinyl alcohol This compressed web is dried with a Yankee dryer using a crepe-based adhesive for creping. To adhere. Using a doctor blade, remove the web from the surface of the dryer drum 880 Prior to dry creping, the fiber concentration is increased to at least about 90% . The doctor blade has a tilt angle of about 20 degrees and is It is arranged to provide an impact angle of about 76 degrees. Yankee dryer is about 13 It is operated at 72 m / min (about 4500 fpm (feet / min)). 1125 dry web It is formed into rolls at a speed of m / min (3690 fpm).   The web is converted to a single-layer, two-sheet, stacked tissue paper for hand washing. provide. Each sheet of two-ply tissue paper for hand washing is approximately 20.3 g / m^Two (About 12.5 lb / 3000 ft^Two), And about 0.2% by weight And contains about 0.1% by weight of a debinding agent. The resulting two-sheet stack Tissue paper is soft and absorbent, making it suitable for hand-washing tissue. You.                                 Analysis procedureMeasurement of thickness and height of paper properties:   The position of plane 23 of region 30, the thickness of region 30 and the thickness of region 50 are -Determined using micrographs of cross sections of the web microtome. That An example of such a micrograph is shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the position of the plane 23 is It is shown along the thickness P and the thickness K of the region 30.   Ten samples (2.54 x 5.1 cm (1 inch x 2 inch) each) Choose from paper sheets or rolls. 10 samples on a single sheet If not available, obtain another sheet manufactured under the same conditions (preferably the same Mother roll) can be used.   The microtome for each sample hangs each sample on a rigid cardboard holder. It is prepared by fixing with kiss. The paper sample is a resin, such as Hercules Embed in Merigraph photopolymer. Cured resin mixture Allow the sample to cure. Remove the sample from the silicon mold. E If the sample is marked with a reference point and embedded in a microtome before embedding in Location is determined accurately. Preferably, both top views of a sample of the web 20 (e.g. 4) and various cross-sectional views (eg FIG. 3) use the same reference points.   Samples were collected from American Optical Co., New York Buffalo, Quebec) Place the surface evenly on a Model 860 microtome sold. Remove the edges of the sample while slicing with a microtome until a smooth surface appears You.   Various areas of the paper web (eg 30 and 50) can be reconstructed accurately Remove a sufficient number of slices from the sample to make The embodiments described herein Slices with a thickness of about 60 microns per slice are smooth surfaces Obtained from Many slices are needed to confirm thickness P and K Will.   Sample slices are applied to microscope slides using oil and coverslips. Und Observe slides and samples on a transmission light microscope at approximately 40x magnification I do. Micrographs were taken along the slices, and individual photographs were lined up in a row, Rebuild. The thickness and height can be confirmed from the reconstructed image as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a micrograph of a transverse section of a paper structure of the type shown in FIGS. Is true.   The thickness is based on Hewlett Packard Scanjet IIC (Hewlett Packard ScanJet IIC) Scan micrographs using a color flatbed scanner Save as a computer image file format and confirm. Hewlett Packard -Scanning software is version 1 of DeskScan II. 6. The scanner setting format is black and white photo. Pass is laser writer (L aserWriter) NT, NTX. Brightness and contrast setting is 125 . The scale setting is 100%. Take a quick look at the file and look at the Macintosh (M acintosh) Save in the image file format of the IICi computer. The image file is A suitable photographic image processing software package or CAD program (eg, Power PowerDraw version 6.0, Engineered Software (Enginee) red Software, available from North Carolina).   Referring to FIG. 3, the thicknesses of regions 30 and 50 are labeled K and P, respectively. Circles with their diameters. First, the scrutinized area 50 Use Power Draw software to write the largest circle that can be Put in. The diameter of this circle is labeled P. The thickness P of the region 50 is determined by the appropriate scale (The scale factor is the magnification of the scanned image) Is the magnification of the photomicrograph).   Next, the most data that can be written in the portion of the area 30 on either side of the area 50. Write a small circle. The diameter of these circles is labeled K. Region 3 near region 50 A thickness K of 0 is the average of the two diameters multiplied by the scale factor described above.   The plane of the region 30 near the region 50 has two planes having a diameter K as shown in FIG. The position is determined by drawing a line connecting the centers of the circles.   For each of the ten samples, a relatively thicker portion located between the relatively thinner portions of region 30 Scrutinize each occurrence of region 50. Relatively thin areas are relatively thick areas In each of the cases identified on either side of 50, a line representing plane 23 is written. If this line intersects region 50 at least 25% of the time, The resulting paper of the present invention has a relatively high thickness lying in the plane of the relatively thick area. It can be said that it has a region that is not good. For example, with 10 samples, any of the relatively thick regions 50 If 50 relatively thin regions 30 appear on either side, the line representing plane 23 is Only if it intersects the thick region 50 in at least 13 of these 50 places, This relatively thick region 50 can be said to lie in the plane of the relatively thin region 30. .Surface smoothness:   The surface smoothness of one side of the paper web was measured in 1991 International Paper Physics. Physiological surface smoothness detailed at the International Paper Physics Conference It is measured based on the measurement method of (PSS). Recorded in the proceedings TAPPI Book1 Papers (Title: Methods for the Mechanical Properties of Tissue Paper (Methods for the Me asurement of the Mechanical Properties of Tissue Paper), Ampulski et al., 19 Pages) are hereby incorporated by reference. PSS measurements used herein Is the sum of the amplitude values one by one as described in the above paper. You. The measurement procedure described in the article is also described in U.S. Pat. (Spendel) and 5059282 (Ampulski et al.), Which are incorporated herein by reference. ) Are generally described.   For the purpose of inspecting the paper sample of the present invention, the PSS measurement method of The surface smoothness is measured using the procedure with the following changes.   Digitized data for 10 samples as described in the above article Instead of importing pairs (amplitude and time) into SAS software, LABVIEW Land software (National Instruments, Inc.) (Available from Austin, TX) using 10 samples. To obtain a surface smoothness measurement by digitizing it and processing it substantially. Run. Each amplitude spectrum is listed in the LABVIEW software package “ Using the amplitude and phase spectrum, the vi ”module, the output spectrum and And select “Amp Spectrum Mag Vrms” to create it. The output spectrum is 10 samples. Obtain for each of the samples.   Then, equalize each output spectrum in LABVIEW using the following weight factors: 0 .000246,0.000485,0.00756,0.062997. These weight factors are determined by the SAS program Provided by factors specified in the above article, 0.0039, 0.0077, 0.0120, 1.0 Selected to mimic the equalization done.   After equalization, each spectrum was filtered using the frequency filter specified in the article. Sift. Subsequently, the individual spectra sieved were described in the above-mentioned paper. The PSS value (micron) is calculated as described. Surface smoothness of paper web surface Is a PSS value of 10 measured on 10 samples taken from the same side of the paper web Is the average of Similarly, measure the surface smoothness of the opposite side of the paper web. Can be determined. The smoothness ratio is the higher surface smoothness value (the surface structure of the paper web ) To the lower value of surface smoothness (smoother paper web) Divided by the same side).Basis weight:   Basis weight is measured according to the following procedure.   The paper to be measured is placed at about 71.degree.-75.degree. Condition at 8-52% relative humidity for at least 2 hours. This conditioning paper Cut 8.9 cm x 8.9 cm (3.5 in x 3.5 in) 12 pieces Get a sample. Samples should be prepared using a suitable pressure plate cutter (eg, swing Albert Alpha Hydraulic Sample Cutter Cut 6 samples at a time using Pressure Sample Cutter), model 240-10) You. Subsequently, the two bundles of the six sample stacks were put together to form 12 sheets, and about 21. At least 7-3.9 ° C (71-75 ° F), 48-52% relative humidity Condition for 15 minutes.   Subsequently, the weight of the bundle of 12 sheets is measured by a weighing analytical balance. Scale is a sump Keep in the same room where the le conditioning is performed. A suitable scale is Sartorius Inn Model A200S manufactured by Sartorius Instrument Co. This weight The quantity is the weight in grams of a 12-ply bundle of paper, each sheet is about 79.04 c m^Two(12.25 square inches).   The basis weight (weight per unit area of one sheet) of the paper web is calculated by the following formula. 27.9m using^Two(3000 ft^Two) Calculated in grams (pounds) per Is:   12-ply weight (grams) x 3000 x 144 square inches per square foot (453.6 g / lb) × (12 sheets stacked) × (12.25 square inches / sheet) Or simply,   Basis weight (lb / 3000 ft)^Two) = Weight (g) of a bundle of 12 sheets × 6.48Macro caliper or dry caliper:   Macro calipers or dried calipers are described in U.S. Pat. han, issued September 4, 1984, which patent is incorporated herein by reference). It is measured using the dry caliper measurement procedure described.density:   Density is the basis weight of the web divided by the macro caliper of the web.Absorption capacity:   The absorption capacity of the web was disclosed in U.S. Pat. It is measured using a horizontal absorbency test.Measuring the height of the web support:   The height of the first felt surface height 231 and the web contact surface 260 height 261 The difference is measured using the following procedure. The web support device is a web-type pattern addition layer On a flat horizontal surface. About 1.3mm^TwoAnnular contact surface and 3mm vertical Use a needle with a vertical height to measure the size of the Federal Products dimension gauge (EMD-4320 W1 detachable type Model 432B-81 amplifier, modified for use with lobes) Put on. The gauge is available from Federal Products Co., Ltd. Made Island, Providence). This equipment provides a known height difference Scale by determining the voltage difference between precision fillings of known thickness Attached. The zero point of this instrument is slightly lower than the first felt surface 230 Set by height, ensuring unrestricted movement of the needle. Place the needle above the height of interest And lower it for measurement. The needle is approximately 0.24 grams / mm at the measurement point^TwoShows the pressure of You. Measure at least three times at each height. Average the measurements at each height. Between averages Is calculated to obtain a height difference.   The same procedure is used to measure the difference between heights 1231 and 261 shown in FIG. 14B.

────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (81) Designated countries EP (AT, BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, L U, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF) , CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, KE, LS, MW, S D, SZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG) , KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT , AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CU, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, F I, GB, GE, GH, HU, ID, IL, IS, JP , KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, M W, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD , SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZW

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A paper web comprising a thin continuous network region and a plurality of thick split regions distributed throughout the continuous network region, wherein the thick split region is located in a plane of the continuous network region. A wet paper web having a second opposing surface. 2. The paper web is according to claim 1 having from about 7 basis weight of about 70 g / m ² paper web. 3. ^3. The paper web of claim 1 or 2, wherein said paper web has a macro caliper of at least about 0.1 mm and a density of less than about 0.12 grams / cm < ³ >. 4. 4. The paper web of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein both the continuous network area and the split area are reduced. 5. 5. The paper web of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the surface smoothness ratio of the web is greater than about 1.15, preferably greater than 1.20, even more preferably greater than 1.25. 6. The paper web of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, wherein the second side of the web has a surface smoothness value of less than about 900. 7. 7. The paper web of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, wherein each of the divided thick regions surrounds at least one divided high density region. 8. 8. The paper web of claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 wherein said paper web does not include a dry embossed pattern. 9. The paper web of claim 1 comprising a debinding agent. 10. 10. A multilayer paper product comprising two webs according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, wherein the second side of each web is smoother than the first side of the web. Wherein the second side of the web is outwardly facing.